高中英语语法之22·同位语　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·同位语
目 录
话说同位语
A 同位语的构成
B 同位语从句
能力提升
Unit 22 同位语
话说状语
　　同位语有限制性同位语和非限制性同位语两种。
(1) 限制性同位语和前面的词紧密相连，形成一个整体，两者不用逗号分开，语调上属于同一个意群。如：21·世纪*教育网
　　This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。
The book was written by the Russian novelist Turgenev. www-2-1-cnjy-com
这本书是俄国小说家屠格涅夫写的。　　
　　We teachers should be responsible for it. 我们老师应对此负责。2-1-c-n-j-y
(2) 非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较松散，中间以逗号分开，语调上属于不同意群，中间有停顿。如：【出处：21教育名师】
　　They are g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oing to visit Tsingtao, a summer resort in Northern China. 他们准备访问中国北方的避暑胜地青岛。21*cnjy*com
　　These methods, sy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stematically summaried, are now being popularised in the whole country. 这些方法经过系统总结正在全国推广。
A. 同位语的构成
(1) 形容词及形容词词组构成的同位语。如：
Selfles ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and anxious to help others, Lance led a simple life and worked with application. 兰斯毫无私心，乐于助人，生活俭朴，工作勤奋。
The slopes, bare six ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years ago, are now covered with three million fruit trees.
这些山坡，六年前还光秃秃的，现在却种上了300万棵果树。
It has sever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al waiting rooms, all airy and filled with soft chairs and sofas.
它有几个候车室，空气新鲜，放满软椅和沙发。
(2) 名词构成的同位语。如：
　　They girls may go to hospital by bus. 她们这些女孩将乘公共汽车去医院。
　　We Chinese are hard-working. 我们中国人是勤劳的。
　　This is Miss Green, the new English teacher. 这是新来的英语老师格林小姐。
(3) 代词构成的同位语。如：
　　We all wanted to see her. 我们都想见她。
　　They have introdu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ced several new strains of cotton, each with its strong and weak points. 他们引进了几种新的棉花品种，各有自己的优缺点。www.21-cn-jy.com
(4) 数词构成的同位语。如：
　　You three go and look for it in your room. 你们三个到你们的房间里去找一找。
　　You may leave this work to us two. 你可以把这项工作交给我俩。
(5) 从句构成的同位语。如：
We are facing the question whether he has known it. 【版权所有：21教育】
我们面临着他是否知道这件事的问题。
The news that we will have a new teacher is not true.
我们将有一个新老师的消息不是真的。
B. 同位语从句
(1) 在idea，fact，rumou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt等词后可用that、连接代词或副词引导的从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。如：
We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.
我们表示希望他们再次访问中国。
　　I had no idea you were such an actress. 我不知道你是一位这样出色的演员。
Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.
这时就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪里去找所需要的机器。
　　相关试题解析：
1. Along w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith the letter was his promise______he would visit me this coming Christmas.
(高考题)
　　A. which　 B. that　　　　 C. what　　 D. whether
　　【选B】本题考查由that引导的同位语从句，解释promise的具体内容。
2. There are signs_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____restaurants are becoming more popular with families. (四级题)
A. that　　 B. which　 C. in which　　 D. whose
【选B】译文：有迹象表明，餐馆更受家庭的欢迎了。
(2) 有时同位语从句可以不跟在它说明的名词之后，而被别的词分开。如：
　　The news got ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about that Rock had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说洛克中彩得了一辆汽车。21*cnjy*com
　　The thought ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到，可能敌人已逃离了这座城市。
　　The order soon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。
(3) 在probabi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lity，certainty，likelihood，evidence等词后和在on con-dition，on the supposition，on the ground，on the understandings等成语后，也可用从句作同位语。如：
　　Obviously t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here are little probability that they would succeed, but they didn't mind. 很显然他们成功的可能性极小，但是他们不在意。
　　Can you produce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) any evidence that he was not at home that night 你能不能提出证据，说明他那天夜里不在家？
　　Josie went ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the meeting on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions. 乔茜参加了这次会议，心中认为人们是不会向她提许多问题的。
　　Steven was al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near the other boys. 让史蒂文去游泳的条件是让他不要远离别的男孩子们。
学以致用
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) The fact______she works hard is well known to us all.
　　A. that　　　　 B. what 　　 C. why 　　 D. which
(2) The fact______he was successful proves his ability.
　　A. that 　 B. what 　　 　C. which 　　 D. why21cnjy.com
(3) The news______he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
　　A. what 　 B. that 　　 C. why 　　 D. when
(4) His suggestion______the meeting be delayed was turned down.
　　A. which B. that 　　　C. / 　　 D. it
(5) I have no idea______he will start.
　　A. when　 B. that　　　　 C. what 　　 D. /
(6) I've come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from the government with a message______the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
　　A. if 　 B. that 　　 C. whether 　D. which
(7) The thought______he might fail in the exam worried him.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　A. when B. which 　　 C. what 　D. that【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
(8) The order______the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
　　A. which B. whether 　　 C. that 　 D. what
(9) The nurses a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re trying their best to reduce the patient's fear______he would die of the disease.
　　A. that B. as 　　 C. of which 　 D. which
(10) He often asked me the question______the work was worth doing.
　　A. whether B. where 　　 C. that 　　 D. when
(11) I have no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idea______they have kept in touch with me by writing letters since last year.
　　A. what B. how long 　C. why 　　 D. when
(12) Have yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u heard of the news that the maths test______until next Friday
　　A. will be put ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )off B. be put off C. will put off D. put off
(13) Father made a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )romise______I passed the examination, he would buy me a bicycle.
　　A. that 　 B. if 　　　　 C. whether D. that if
(14) There's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a feeling in me______we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever.
　　A. that 　 B. which 　C. of which D. what
(15) They have no idea at all______.
　　A. where he had gone 　　　　 B. where did he go 　　
　　C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
2. 指出下列句子中的同位语从句。
(1) The idea that the problem will resolve itself is ridiculous.
(2) The thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght that his adored daughter should learn of that old scandal hurt his pride too much.
(3) Harry was alar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )med at the notion that his friend was about to leave him.
(4) The ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws which one day reached Gabriel, that Bathsheba Everdene had left the neighbourhood, had an influence upon him.
(5) We haven ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
(6) He was again tor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tured by the doubt whether or not he might venture to meet Antonia at the station.21教育网
(7) The question who should do the work requires consideration.
(8) He wound up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with the idea that charity was better than chastity.
(9) The report that he was going to resign was false.
(10) He was al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ways conscious of the fact that she did not approve what he was doing.
参考答案
【能力提升】
1. (1)A (2)A (3)B (4)B (5)A (6)B (7)D (8)C (9)A　　(10)A
(11)C (12)A (13)D (14)A (15)A
2. (1)that the problem will resolve itself
　　(2)that his adored daughter should learn of that old scandal
　　(3)that his friend was about to leave him
　　(4)that Bathsheba Everdene had left the neighbourhood
　　(5)where we are going to spend our summer vacation
　　(6)whether or not he might venture to meet Antonia at the station
　　(7)who should do the work
　　(8)that charity was better than chastity
　　(9)that he was going to resign
　　(10)that she did not approve what he was doing
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