高中英语语法之25·省略　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·省略
目 录
话说省略
A 简单句中的省略
陈述句
疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
B 并列句中的省略
C 主语/宾语从句中的省略
D 状语从句中的省略
E 定语从句中的省略
能力提升
Unit 25 省 略
话说省略
　　省略是将句子中一个或多个成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分省去，避免重复，使语言简练紧凑的一种语法手段。在英语中，凡是能省去的词语通常都应省去，省略后的结果不仅能使句子更加精炼，而且还可以起到连接上下文并使相邻词语受到强调的作用。　　
(1) 省略主语。如：
　　(I) Haven't seen you for ages!好久不见了！
　　(I) Beg your pardon!请再说一遍！
　　(It) Serves him right!活该！
　　(It) Looks like rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2) 省略谓语或谓语的一部分。如：
　　(Is there) Anything you want 你要什么东西吗？
　　(Is) Anything the matter 有什么问题吗？
　　(Does) Anybody need help 有谁需要帮忙吗？
　　(Is) The machine still not working 机器还不能开？
(3) 省略宾语。如：
　　—Which of them is the better choice 他们谁是更合适的人选？21·cn·jy·com
　　—Well, it's hard to tell (it). 嗯，这很难说。
　　—Where is George 乔治在哪里？
　　—I don't know (where George is). 我不知道。　　
(4) 省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分，只剩下表语、宾语、状语等。如：
　　What a pity (it is) you can't go with us!真遗憾你不能和我们一起去。
　　(I'm) Sorry. 对不起。
　　(Are you) Tired 你累吗？
　　(You have got the) Wrong number. 电话号码错了。
　　(Come) This way, please. 请这边走。
　　(You're) Looking for me 你找我？
(5) 省略不定式、冠词等。如：
　　Jack didn't come though he had promised to (come). 杰克答应来却没来。
　　(The) Trouble is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we don't have enough tools to go round. 问题是我们的工具不够用。
　　(Of) Course that's only a beginning. 当然那仅仅是一个开始。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. 简单句中的省略
1. 陈述句
(1) 日常生活中陈述句的省略。如：
　　Hope to hear from you soon. 希望不久能收到你的来信。
　　Not feeling very well today. 今天感到不太舒服。
　　Nice day again. 又一个好天气。
　　We are not going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Japan. At least not for the present. 我们不准备去日本，至少目前不准备去。
　　So pleased to have made your acquaintance. 认识了你很高兴。
(2) 疑问句答语中的省略。如：
　　—How are you getting along with your work 你的工作进行得怎样？
　　—Pretty well. 还不错。
　　—When are we due to arrive 我们什么时候能到？
　　—In about two hours. 大约2个小时后。
　　—How long have you been away 你离开多久了？
　　—About a month. 大约一个月。
　　—Where are you going 你到哪儿去？
　　—To the supermarket. 超市。
　　相关试题解析：
　　—What do you think makes him so upset
　　—______the exam.(高考题)
　　A. He failed　　 B. He failing　　 C. He's failed　　 D. His failing
　　【选D】由疑问词what判 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )断，此处提问的是句子的主语，故选名词或相当于名词的成分。答句是一省略形式。完整形式为：His failing the exam makes him so upset. his failing是动名词的复合结构作主语，作主语的复合结构不能用人称代词主格或宾格代替物主代词。
(3) 用于对别人的话做出反应的句子中。如：
　　I imagine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that's a very old building. Very likely. 我看这是一座古老的建筑。很可能是的。
　　—I hope I am not disturbing you too much. 我希望我这样不会过分打扰你。
　　—Certainly not. 当然不会。
　　They're starting up a new arts centre. Are they 他们正在创办一个新艺术中心。是吗？
2. 疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
(1) 在提出问题时，可以省略句子的起首部分。如：
　　(Have you) Had your breakfast 吃过早饭了吗？
　　—(Have you) Finished your work 工作干完了吗？
　　—Almost. 差不多了。
　　—May I have Monday off 我星期一可以请假吗？
　　—What (do you have Monday off) for 为什么要请假？
　　(Does) Anybody want the ticket 有人要这张票吗？
(2) 在祈使句中，通常都省略主语you，有时还可省略句首动词。如：
　　Here, (you) use my phone. 来，用我的电话。
　　(You) Don't make too much noise! 别太吵了！
(3) 在感叹句中，有时可省略后面的主语和系动词。如：
　　What a pity (it is)! 真遗憾！
　　How nice (it is) ! 这多好啊！
　　How beautiful (it is)! 它真漂亮！
　　注意：
　　在报纸标题和文章标题中也常用省略句。如：
　　Senator to Seek Reelection 参议员争取再次当选
　　What to Do in an Emergency 紧急情况下怎么办？
　　How to Learn a Foreign Language 如何学好外语？
B. 并列句中的省略
(1) 在并列复合句中，后面分句与前面分句相同的部分常可省略。如： 　　
　　We tried to persuade her but (we tried) in vain. 我们试图说服她，但没用。
　　Someone bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrowed my pencil, but I don't remember who (borrrowed). 有人借了我的铅笔，但我不记得是谁了。 21世纪教育网版权所有
　　I live on the fift ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h floor and he (lives) on the third floor. 我住在5楼，他住在3楼。
　　Jesse works ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(in the city), and his son studies, in the city. 杰西在这城市工作，他儿子在这城市学习。21教育网
　　I am (at your service), and will always be, at your service. 我愿随时听从你的吩咐。
　　We still ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve shortcomings, and (they are) very big ones too. 我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。21cnjy.com
　　相关试题解析
　　China has promis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to revise its existing regulations and______new policies according to WTO requirements.(高考题)2-1-c-n-j-y
　　A. forming　　 B. to form　　 C. to be forming D. have formed
　　【选B】空格前的and是连接前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后两个并列分句的，原句可变为：China has promised to revise its existing regulations and China has promised to form...原句and后面省略了China has promised。
(2) 以so，nor，neither，no more开头的句子常出现省略和倒装现象。如：
　　Tom speaks French and so does his brother. 汤姆会讲法语，他哥哥也会。
　　If you do not go, neither shall I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
　　You don't understand the question, no more do I. 你不懂这问题，我也不懂。
　　相关试题解析
　　—Skating's just a matter of practice.
　　—Yes, well,______.(高考题)
　　A. so diving ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is B. so has diving　　 C. so is diving　　 D. so diving has
　　【选C】“so+助动词 / 系动词 / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情态动词+主语”句式表示前一种情况也适用于后者，表达“某人或某物也……”之意。选项B和C都属于这个句式，第一句话中的Skating's是Skating is的缩写形式，所以选项B错。“so+主语+助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词”表示对上面出现的说法、观点进行确认或肯定，意为“某人或某物确实如此”。
C. 主语/宾语从句中的省略
(1) 在know，think， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide等动词后面的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不能。如：
　　I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon. 我想今天下午天会转晴。
　　Henry said (t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 亨利说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
(2) 由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。如：
　　Marks will com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e back, but he doesn't know when (he will come back). 马科斯是要回来的，可是他不知道什么时候回来。
　　Do you want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to know how to use this machine The instructions will tell you how (to use it). 你想知道这机器怎么用吗？说明书会告诉你如何使用它。
　　You were late again, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and I hope you will explain why (you were late again). 你又迟到了，我希望你能解释一下为什么。
(3) 在与suggest，reques ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t，order，advise等词相关的从句中，须用虚拟语气结构“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。如：
　　The officer ordered that his men (should) fire. 军官命令士兵开火。
　　It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film. 有人建议我们去看这部电影。
(4) 以it作形式主语而将that引导的主语从句置于句末时，that通常可以省略。如：
　　It is only too true (that) she cannot be relied upon. 她不可靠竟是真的。
　　It is odd (that) the bike has disappeared. 奇怪，自行车不见了。
(5) 在that引导的同位语从句中，有时that可以省略。如：
　　I have no idea (that) he had taken his leave. 我根本不知道他已经走了。
　　This is the fact (that) we must keep in mind. 这就是我们必须要记住的事实。
D. 状语从句的省略
(1) 在when，whenever，while，until，as soon as，if，as if，though，whet-
　　her等引导的状语从句中，可以省略主语及其系动词或助动词。如：
　　As soon as (I am) on board I always feel sick. 我一上船就恶心。21*cnjy*com
　　While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little. 他这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。
　　Though (he was) exhausted, Adam stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，亚当仍然睡得很晚。
　　Whenever (it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s) possible, the children play outside. 每当可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。
(2) 在than，as引导的比较状语从句中，可以省略作主语的what或谓语动词。如：
　　To take the blame re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quires more courage than (what) has been imagined. 承担过错需要的勇气要比想象的大。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　They have got more than (what) is necessary. 他们得到的太多了。
　　Run as fast as (run). 你能跑多快就跑多快。
　　He has lived here longer than I (have lived). 他在这儿住的时间比我长。
　　I hope she will make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as much progress as you (have done). 我希望她取得和你同样的进步。21教育名师原创作品
(3) 在whatever，howev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er引导的让步状语从句中，可以省略从句中的系动词或助动词，而当从句中的主语和主句中的主语相同，而且从句的动词为be时，则将从句中的主语和be一并省略。如：
　　Martin was determin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to carry out the plan, whatever the cost (was). 马丁决心执行计划，不管代价如何。
　　His opinion, whet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her (it is) right or wrong, should be considered. 他的意见，不管是对还是错，都应该考虑。
　　However difficu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt the task (may be), we must finish it on time. 不管这任务有多难，我们都必须按时完成。
(4) 在where，wherever引导的地点状语从句中，可以省略主语和系动词或助动词。如：
　　Through long powe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r lines, electricity goes where (it is) needed. 电通过输电线输送到需要它的地方去。
　　Avoid structure of this kind where (it is) possible. 只要可能就要避免用这种结构。
(5) 在if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句中的省略。如：
　　If (it is) n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot well organized, the meeting will be a failure. 如果组织不好，会议就会失败。
　　Substances have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no tendency to expand unless (they are) hot. 除非受热，物质不会有膨胀的倾向。
　　相关试题解析
　　An opportuni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty is something that,______, by no means you'll get back.(高考题)
　　A. if you lose B. when lose　　 C. once lost　　 D. after losing
　　【选C】本题考查状语从句中的省略现象。once lost补充完整为：once it is lost。　　
(6) 在“no matter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句中，可以省略系动词be和重复的主语。如：
　　Anyone, no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )matter who (he is), may point out my shortcoming. 不管是什么人，谁向我指出缺点都行。
　　Anyone who co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmits a crime must be punished no matter what his position (is).任何犯罪的人都必须受到惩罚，不管他地位多高。　　
(7) 在though，as though，as if引导的让步状语从句中的省略。如：
　　Though (he is) tall, he is very weak in health. 他虽然长得高，但身体却很弱。
　　Richie went ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quickly out of the room as if (he was) in a hurry. 里奇很快走出房间，好像很匆忙似的。
(8) 在含有句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”的比较状语从句中的省略。如：
　　The greater the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) force of action (is), the greater the force of reaction (is). 作用力越大，反作用力也越大。
　　The sooner, the better. 越早越好。
　　The less said, the better. 话越少越好。
(9) 虚拟条件句中常省略if，将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。如：
　　Should there be a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )flood(=If there should be a flood), what should we do 如果发洪水，我们该怎么办？
　　Had Thomas Edison, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the great inventor stored his money(=If Had Thomas Edison, thegreat inventor had stored his money,...), he would have died a wealthy man.如果托马斯·爱迪生这位大发明家当时把钱都存起来的话，他去世时，肯定是个大富翁。
　　相关试题解析
______fired, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your health care and other benefits will not be immedi-ately cut off.(高考题)
　　A. Would you be　　　　 B. Should you be
　　C. Could you be 　　　　 D. Might you be
　　【选B】此处是对将来的假设，基 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本形式为If you should be fired，此时可省略If而使用倒装结构，也可说If you were fired或Were you fired。　　
E. 定语从句中的省略
(1) 在限制性定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略；在以the same...as和such...as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。如：
　　The girl (who / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whom / that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying. 跟老师谈话的那个女孩是刘英。
　　I don't like such books as this (is). 我不喜欢这种书。
　　This is the same computer as (the one) I bought. 这台电脑和我买的那台一样。
(2) 定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。如：
　　The goods (whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h were) ordered last month haven't arrived yet. 上月订购的货物还没运到。
　　That is the man (who) wanted to see you a moment ago. 这就是刚才要见你的人。
(3) 在限制性定语从句中起表语作用的关系代词可以省略。如：
　　Jack still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) talks like the man (who) he was twenty years ago. 杰克谈话还像20年前一样。
My hometown is not a polluted place (that) you think it to be.
我的家乡不是像你认为的那样，是一个污染严重的地方。
(4) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作主语且定语从句为“There be”句型时可以省略。如：
　　Milk is the best food (that) there is for babies. 牛奶是婴儿最好的食物。
　　We must make be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter use of the time (that) there is left for us. 我们必须更好地利用剩下的时间。www-2-1-cnjy-com
(5) 修饰way和reason的关系副词how和why可以省略。如：
　　This is the way (how) he did his work. 这就是他工作的方式。
　　The reason (why) he doesn't come is that he is ill. 他没有来的原因是生病了。
　　There are several reasons (why) she left. 有几种她离开的理由。
学以致用
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) Tom wanted to p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lay football with his friends in the street, but his father told him______.
　　A. not to 　　 B. not to do 　　 C. not do it 　　 D. do not to
(2) —Do you thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend
　　 —______.
　　A. I believe not 　　　　　　 B. I believe not so 　　【出处：21教育名师】
　　C. I don't believe it 　　　　 D. I don't believe
(3) —What do you think made the girl so glad
　　 —______a beautiful necklace.
　　A. As she received 　　　　　　 B. Receiving
　　C. Received 　　　　　　 D. Because of receiving
(4) Father advis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed me not to say anything until______at the meeting.
　　A. asking 　　 B. to ask 　　　　C. asked 　　　　 D. ask
(5) —Have you watered the flowers
　　 —No, but______.
　　A. I am 　　　 B. I'm going 　　C. I'm just going to D. I will go
(6) —He hasn't gone to the office up to now.
—Well, he______.
　　A. should 　　 B. ought to 　　 C. ought to go 　　 D. ought to have
(7) —The war is very likely to break out in the near future.
—I______. If the situation goes as it is.
　　A. hope so B. hope not 　　 C. am afraid not 　 D. am afraid so
(8) —You ought to have given them some advice.
—______, but who cared what I said
　　A. So ought you 　　 B. So I ought 　　
　　C. So I did 　　 D. So did you
(9) The ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if______whether he was going in the right direction. www.21-cn-jy.com
　　A. seeing 　　B. having seen 　　 C. to see 　　　　 D. to have seen
(10) ______he come, the problem would be settled. 21*cnjy*com
　　A. Would 　　B. Should 　　 C. Shall 　　　　 D. If
(11) —Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday
　　 —I______. I will have flown to New York long before then.
　　A. am afraid not 　　 B. am afraid so 　　
　　C. am afraid to 　　 D. am afraid not to
(12) —Is that a book on farming If so, I want to borrow______.
—Yes, it is.
　　A. this 　　 B. it 　　　　 C. one 　　　　 D. the one
(13) ______, I will help you with your work.
　　A. If am possible 　　 B. If it possible 　　
　　C. If possible 　　 D. Possible
(14) —How are you getting on with your work
　　 —Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as______.
　　A. plans 　　 B. planning 　　 C. planned 　　 D. to plan
(15) —Are you a volunteer now
　　 —No, but I______. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.
　　A. used to B. used to be 　　 C. used to do 　　 D. was used to
2. 用括号把下列句子中可以省略的部分括起来，或者将句子已被省略的部分补写出来。
(1) He is as tall as you are if he is not taller than you.
(2) —Would you like to go with me
　　 —I'd like to go with you. But I'm busy now.
(3) —I will not go on with the plan.
　　 —Why will you not go on with the plan
(4) You may ask him questions if you have any questions to ask.
(5) Li Lei is a League member, but I am not a League member.
(6) Pardon
(7) —Will you go to visit Dr. Baker
　　 —Yes. But not until tomorrow.
(8) What a cold day!
(9) —May I take the chair away
　　 —What for
(10) —Does Lily come from Australia
　　 —Oh, I don't know.
参考答案
【能力提升】
1. (1)A (2)A 　　 (3)B 　　 (4)C 　　(5)C 　　(6)D 　　(7)D 　　(8)C
　　(9)C (10)B 　　 (11)A 　　 (12)B 　　(13)C 　　(14)C 　　(15)B
2. (1)(are)(he is) (than you)　　　　(2)(go with you)
　　(3)(will you)(go on with the plan) 　　(4)(questions to ask)
　　(5)后一个(a League member)　　　　(6)(I beg your) Pardon
　　(7)But (I will) not (do that) until tomorrow.
　　(8)What a cold day (it is)!　　(9)What (do you take it away)for
　　(10)I don't know (whether she does or not).　
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