中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·独立成分
目 录
话说独立成分
插入语
Unit 26 独立成分
话说独立成分
当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里,而与句子的其他成分没有语法关系时,称为独立成分。独立成分主要有下面几类:21世纪教育网版权所有
(1) 感叹语。如:
Oh—what a magnificent building this is!啊!这是多么雄伟的建筑!
You are reading the newspaper, eh 你在看报呀?
Why—you can count upon me to help you. 哎,你可以找我帮忙啊。
Well, go on. 好,继续往下讲!
(2) 称呼语。如:
Hurry up, children!赶快,孩子们!
People of all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nationalities in our country, unite to win still greater victories! 全国各族人民团结起来,争取更大的胜利!21教育网
Xiao Yang, what do you have on your mind 小杨,你有什么心事?
(3) 插入语。如:
Kevin may not come, I am afraid. 凯文也许不来了,我想。
This, I think, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is the only way out of the difficulty. 我想这个是摆脱困难的唯一办法。
独立成分通常都以逗号或破折号和句子的其他部分分开,下面重点介绍一下插入语。
插入语
(1) 插入语通常是对一句话做一些附加 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的解释。常见的用来作这类补加成分的结构有I think,I hope,I guess,I'm afraid,I believe,I sup-pose,I wonder,you see,you know,don't you think,don't you know,I tell you,it seems,it seems to me,it is
said,it is suggested等。这些结构可以放在句尾或句中。如:
We'll have to book our tickets in advance, I'm afraid. 我想我们得提前订票。
Their performan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce was wonderful, don't you think so 他们的表演非常精彩,你说是吧?
What perfo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmance do you think we should give at the party 你看我们在晚会上应表演什么节目?21·cn·jy·com
How long did she say she would stay here 她说她要在这里待多久?
When do you suppose they'll be back 你认为他们什么时候会回来?
(2) 表示对整句话进行解释的插入语。如:
不定式短语:
That's a wonderful idea, to be sure! 这个主意好极了,的确!www.21-cn-jy.com
To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦白地说,我不太同意你们的意见。
To tell you the truth, I'm not so keen on going. 说真的,我不怎么想去。
现在分词短语:
Roughly speaking, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) these counties are the most advanced in the area. 大体上说来,这些县是本地区最先进的。2·1·c·n·j·y
Putting it mildly, he is not conscientious enough. 说轻点他也是不够负责。
Judging from your ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cent, you must be from Scotland. 从口音上判断,你准是苏格兰人。
介词短语:
In addition, we built two small reservoirs. 此外我们还修了两座小水库。
In conclusion, we ought to put this on the agenda. 总之,我们应当把它列入议程。
On the contra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry, we should strengthen our ties with them. 相反,我们还应加强和他们的联系。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
词组或从句:
As a result, they suffered heavy losses. 结果,他们遭受了严重的损失。
All the sam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, this should be taken into consideration. 尽管如此,这一点还是应当考虑进去。www-2-1-cnjy-com
All in all, they've had a good time today. 总的说来,他们今天玩得不错。
不定式、形容词等:
To conclude, it was a great success. 总之,这是很大的成功。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
Or, better still, we do it ourselves. 或者我们自己来干,这样更好。
(3) 有时说完一句话之后,再补充几个字或一句话,来做进一步解释,这也是一种插入语,前面常用一破折号。如:【出处:21教育名师】
I've caught you—you naughty boy. 我抓着你了,你这个调皮鬼!
We parted p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eacefully, without a row—as it should be. 我们平平静静地分手了,没有争吵——也应该这样。21*cnjy*com
Don't hurry—there is plenty of time. 别着急,时间还多哩。
注意:
有时这类插入语中也可以用逗号而不用破折号。如:
We are firm on this point, we are! 在这一点上我们是坚定的! 21cnjy.com
Amy was exhau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sted by four, so hard had she worked. 艾美到4点钟时已经疲惫不堪了,她工作得太猛了。
I couldn't keep my eyes open, I was so tired. 我眼睛都睁不开了,我太累了。
(4) 有些固定的词或短语可插在句子中,而不用逗号隔开。这种插入语主要用来加强语气,去掉后句子结构仍然是完整的。如:
What on earth are you fussing about 什么事你这样大惊小怪?
I wonder where the devil my slippers are 真他妈的怪,我的拖鞋到哪儿去了?
What in heaven's name are you doing 你到底在干什么?
We have been waiting for you for heaven knows how long.【版权所有:21教育】
Heaven knows how long we have been waiting for you.我们一直等着你,天知道等了多久。
Brant got the news from nobody knows where.
Nobody knows where he got the news from.布兰特得到的消息谁也不知道从哪儿来的。
(5) yes和no在句子里也是一种独立成分。如:
Yes, you are right. 对,你说得对。
—Is the book easy 这本书容易读吗?
—No, I am afraid not. 不,我看不容易。
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