高中英语语法之27·句型转换　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·句型转换
目 录
话说句型转换
A 简单句的转换
主语的转换
谓语的转换
宾语的转换
状语的转换
定语的转换
B 复合句和并列句的转换
复合句的转换
并列句的转换
C 简单句和复合句的转换
主语从句和短语的转换
表语从句和短语的转换
宾语从句和短语的转换
定语从句和短语的转换
状语从句和短语的转换
　
Unit 27 句型转换
话说句型转换
　　在英语中，一个同样的意思可以用不同的句子来表达，这种句子与句子之间的转换形式称为句型转换。句型转换包括以下手段：2·1·c·n·j·y
(1)使用词汇手段——用同义的词汇或短语来表达这个意思。
　　菲奥纳中文很好。 丹尼斯没有工作。
　　Fiona knew Chines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e very well. Dennis is without a job.
　　Fiona had a goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d command of Chinese. Dennis is out of a job / work.
　　Fiona had a good knowledge of Chinese. Dennis is unemployed.
　　Fiona's Chinese is perfect. Dennis is jobless. www-2-1-cnjy-com
(2) 使用语法手段——用不同的语法结构来表达同一个意思。如：
　　You're right to do so.
　　You're right in doing so.
　　It's right for you to do so. 你这样做是对的。
A. 简单句的转换
1. 主语的转换
(1) 主语结构的转换有时对别的部分没有影响。如：
　　[名词短语作主语]Her late arrival delayed our departure.【版权所有：21教育】
　　[动名词作主语]Her arriving late delayed our departure.
　　她来晚了，延误了我们的出发时间。
　　Your denying it is useless./Your denial of it is useless. 你否认没有用。
　　His arrogant manner ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )made everyone hate his behavior./His arrogance made everyone hate his behavior. 他的傲慢态度使大家都不喜欢他的行为。
　　Varied method ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s help to improve the efficiency of work./Variety of methods helps to improve the efficiency of work. 方法多样可以提高工作效率。
(2) 有时其他部分也得作相应的改动。如：
　　You're so kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to help us. / It's kind of you to help us. 你太好了，老帮助我们。
　　The choice is up to you. / It's up to you to choose. 由你来做选择吧。
　　Gavin's decision w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as to have it out with his girlfriend that night.Gavin decided to have it out with his girlfriend that night. 加文决定当晚和女朋友谈清楚。
2. 谓语的转换
(1) 表行为的谓语→带表语的谓语。如：
　　 These books ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can be obtained at any library.→These books are obtainable at any library. 这些书任何图书馆里都有。21教育网
　　 The book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reflects the Chinese society of my father's time.→The book is a reflec-tion of the Chinese society of my father's time.这书反映了我父亲时代的中国社会。
(2) 由单一动词表示的谓语→由动词短语表示的谓语。如：
　　 Why didn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you inquire further about it →Why didn't you make further inquiries about it 你为什么没对此事做进一步的了解？
　　 Fred appli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed for a passport. →Fred made an application for a passport. 弗瑞德申请护照。
　　 David evidently ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) received little benefit from the advice.→ David evidently bene-fited little from the advice. 很明显，大卫没有从那个劝告中得到多少好处。
(3) 介词短语作表语→形容词作表语。如：
　　 Your sugges ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions are of great value to us.→Your suggestions are very valuable to us. 你的建议对我们很宝贵。
　　 The monitor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s speech is of little significance for them.→The monitor's speech is not significant at all for them. 班长的讲话对他们来说毫不重要。
　　 Sunlight is of grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t benefit to the human body.→Sunlight is quite beneficial to the human body. 阳光对人体很有好处。
(4) 被动结构→be+介词短语。如：
　　 The bike is being repaired.→The bike is under repair. 自行车正在修理。
　　 The articl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is being discussed. →The article is under discussion. 这个条款正在讨论中。 21*cnjy*com
　　 The rumour can't be believed.→The rumour is beyond belief. 谣言不可信。
(5) 被动结构→be+形容词。如：
　　 Her behaviour ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought to be praised.→Her behaviour is worthy of praise. 她的行为值得赞扬。
　　 Such expen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se can be avoided. →Such expense are avoidable. 这种开支是可以避免的。
3. 宾语的转换
(1) 宾语全部被转换或部分被转换。如：
　　 They were d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeply impressed by the fluency of her English.→They were deeply impressed by her fluent English. 她的流利英语给他们留下了深刻的印象。
　　 All touris ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts marvelled at the beauty of the lake.→All tourists marvelled at the beautiful lake. 游客们惊讶于这个湖的美丽。
　　 They considered the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) matter of great importance.→They considered the matter extremely important. 他们认为这事极为重要。
　　 They're happy about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) making our great progress.→They're happy about making the great progress of us. 他们对我们取得的巨大进步感到高兴。
(2) 不定式→动名词或现在分词。如：
　　 The old man hated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to see any bird killed.→The old man hated seeing any bird killed. 那位老人不愿看到鸟被打死。21教育名师原创作品
　　 Aviva loves to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have a lot of kids round her.→Aviva loves having a lot of kids round her. 阿维娃喜欢身边有许多小孩。
　　The mother w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atched her son eat his breakfast.→The mother watched her son eating his breakfast. 那位妈妈看着自己的儿子吃早饭。
　　 Did you n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )otice her leave the house →Did you notice her leaving the house 你注意到她离开这房子了吗？21*cnjy*com
4. 状语的转化
(1) 副词→介词短语。如：
　　 Albert did it purposely.→Albert did it on purpose. 艾伯特故意这样做。
　　 I met her accidentally.→I met her by accident. 我是偶然碰到她的。
(2) 不定式→介词短语。如：
　　 A gentleman is as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king to see you.→A gentleman is asking for you. 有位先生找你。
　　 The parents walked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) through all streets to search for their girl.→The parents walked through all streets in search of their girl. 那对父母走过大街小巷来找他们的女儿。
　　 We immediately se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t out to pursue the pickpocket.→We immediately set out in pursuit of the pickpocket. 我们立即出动去追击扒手。 2-1-c-n-j-y
(3) 分词短语→介词短语。如：
　　 The workers were busy working. →The workers were busy at work.
工人们在忙着干活。
　　 The books lay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) piled up on the table.→The books lay in piles on the table.
书一堆堆放在桌子上。
　　Caroline ent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ered, accompanied by her mother.→Caroline entered in company with her mother. 卡罗琳和她母亲一起走了进来。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
5. 定语的转换
(1) 形容词→介词短语。如：
　　 It's a very impo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtant invention.→It's an invention of great importance.
这是一项非常重要的发明。
　　 My young brother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is a very intelligent man.→My young brother is a man of high intelligence. 我小弟是一个智力超常的人。
　　 Mr Lee was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a progressive man.→Mr Lee was a man of progressive view.
李先生是一位进步人士。
(2) 不定式→介词短语。如：
　　 Have you made pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ans to overcome the difficulties →Have you made plans for overcoming the difficulties 你们制订出克服困难的计划了吗？ 21·世纪*教育网
(3) 不定式→形容词。如：
　　 It's a thing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be commended.→It's a commendable thing. 这是一件值得赞扬的事。
　　 This is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day to be remembered.→This is a memorable day. 这是一个值得记住的日子。
　　 The question was on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to be debated.→The question was a debatable one.
这是一个值得争论的问题。
B. 复合句和并列句的转换
1. 复合句的转换
(1) 在改变复合句的结构时，可以只改变从句的一部分，如主语、谓语、宾语、状语或定语。如：
　　[改变主语]
　　I don't thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k his arriving late will cause any problem.→I don't think his late arrival will cause any problem. 我认为他晚到不会引起什么问题。
　　[改变谓语]
　　He knew the gir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l could be relied on.→He knew the girl was reliable. 他知道那个姑娘是靠得住的。
　　[改变宾语]
　　I heard she liked to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) travel in foreign countries.→I heard she liked travelling in foreign countries. 我听说她喜欢在国外旅行。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　[改变状语]
　　Oliver said he d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idn't do it on purpose.→Oliver said he didn't do it purposely. 奥利弗说他不是有意这样做的。
　　[改变定语]
　 So you can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) know that this is a day not to be forgotten.→So you can know that this is an unforgettable day. 因此你可以知道这是一个难忘的日子。21世纪教育网版权所有
(2) 改变主句的一部分。如：
　　Grandmother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hated so much to leave us that she cried bitterly.→Grandmother hated leaving us so much that she cried bitterly. 祖母是那样不愿意离开我们，她伤心地哭了。
　　Emily spoke so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sincerely that he felt greatly touched.→Emily spoke with such sincerity that he felt greatly touched. 艾米丽说得那样诚恳，他深受感动。
(3) 改变整个从句或其他部分的结构。如：
　　Nothing indicates wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere the information came from. →There is no indication where the information came from. 没有迹象表明这情报是哪里来的。
2. 并列句的转换
　　并列句的结构要有所变动时，通常是分句的结构发生改变。如：
　　Mother said no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing but her eyes reproached us.→Mother said nothing but her eyes were reproachful. 妈妈没有说什么，但眼睛里却有责备的神情。
　　Brent fished al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l day, yet he only caught two small fishes.→Brent fished all day, yet his catch was two small fishes. 布伦特钓了一整天的鱼，却只钓了两条小鱼。
　 Nobody seemed about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), so I went in.→There seemed to be nobody about, so I went in. 附近似乎没有人，因此我就走了进去。
C. 简单句和复合句的转换
　　简单句和复合句的转换实际上是短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语和从句的转换。一个成分若用短语表示，该句子就是简单句；若用从句表示就构成了复合句。可以改变的部分有主语、表语、宾语、状语和定语。如：
1. 主语从句和短语的转换
(1) 主语从句→不定式短语。如：
　　 It's a shame th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at they should be wasteful. →It's a shame to be wasteful.
这样浪费太遗憾了。
　　 It's nice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that you are so zealous.→It's nice for you to be so zealous.
你这样热心真是太好了。
　　 It's a pity they ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e kept in the house in such a fine weather. →It's a pity to be kept in the house for them in such a fine weather. 这么好的天气留在家里是很遗憾的。
(2) 主语从句→动名词短语。如：
　　 It worried her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that her son should stay up so late.→Her son's staying up so late worried her. 她儿子睡觉这么晚使她很担心。21·cn·jy·com
　　 It's strange ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that he should behave like that.→His behaving like that is strange.
他这样的表现是很奇怪的。
2. 表语从句和短语的转换
(1) 表语从句→不定式短语。如：
　　 My idea i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s that we should do it later.→My idea is to do it later. 我的意见是稍后再干。
　　 The question ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is what we should do next.→The question is what to do next.
问题是下一步怎么办。
(2) 表语从句→动名词短语。如：
　　 Gina's chief w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orry was that she lacked experience.→Gina's chief worry was her lacking in experience. 吉娜的主要忧虑是她缺乏经验。 21cnjy.com
　　 The difficu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lty is that we don't have enough hands. →The difficulty is our not having enough hands. 困难是我们没有足够的人手。
(3) 表语从句→名词引起的短语。如：
　　 Adam's trouble is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that he's absent from school too often.→Adam's trouble is his over-absence from school. 亚当的问题是缺课太多。
　　 One requiremen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t was she should participate in our activities.→One requirement was her participation in our activities. 一个条件是她必须参加我们的活动。
3. 宾语从句和短语的转换
(1) 宾语从句→动名词短语。如：
　　 I suggested that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he send the pen to Arthur.→I suggested his sending the pen to Arthur. 我建议他把那支笔寄给亚瑟。
　　 Anthony forgot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that he had promised to write her. →Anthony forgot having promised to write her. 安东尼忘了曾答应给她写信。
　　 Alina denied tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t she had ever been there. →Alina denied having ever been there.
艾琳娜否认曾到过那里。
(2) 宾语从句→不定式短语的复合宾语。如：
　　 We expecte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that you should stay.→We expected you to stay. 我们预计你会留下的。
　　 Now tell me what I should do.→Now tell me what to do. 现在我该怎么办。
　　 I'll show you ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w you should do it. →I'll show you how to do it. 我将给你讲怎么做。
(3) 宾语从句→名词短语。如：
　　 The general or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dered that the man be released.→The general ordered the release of the man. 将军命令释放这个人。
　　 It all depe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nds on how you handle it.→It all depends on your way of handling it.
这都取决于你如何处理。
4. 定语从句和短语的转换
(1) 定语从句→不定式短语。如：
　　 There are man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y factors we should consider. →There are many factors for us to consider. 有许多因素我们需要考虑。
　　 There is little we can do now.→There is little to be done now.
现在已没有什么办法可想了。
　　 What are the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )major measures we should take →What are the major measures to be taken 我们应当采取什么主要措施呢？
(2) 定语从句→分词短语。如：
　　 These are the furn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iture we reserved.→These are the furniture reserved for us. 这是我们订的家具。
　　 Those who study the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re are mostly disabled children. →Those studying there are mostly disabled children. 在那里学习的多是残疾儿童。
　　 Those who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wish to remain may do so. →Those wishing to remain may do so. 想留下的人可以留下。
(3) 定语从句→介词短语、名词短语等。如：
　　 [介词短语]
　　 I gave him all the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )money I had at my command.→I gave him all the money at my command. 我把我所掌握的钱全给了他。
　　 [名词短语]
　　 His daughter, w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ho is now already grown-up, helps out in the store.→His daughter, now already grown-up, helps out in the store. 他的女儿，已长大成人，在店里帮忙。
5. 状语从句和短语的转换
(1) 状语从句→现在分词短语或过去分词短语。如：
　　 [现在分词短语]
　　 As her mothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r had passed away, Carrie had to take care of her sisters.→Her moth-er having passed away, Carrie had to take care of her sisters. 由于妈妈过世了，凯莉不得不照顾她的妹妹们。
　　 As she was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a new hand in the work, Carol didn't have enough confidence in her-self. →Being a new hand in the work, Carol didn't have enough confidence in her-self. 由于她做这工作是新手，凯罗尔对自己没有足够的信心。
　　 [过去分词短语]
　　 As he was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )born into a poor peasant family, the boy couldn't go to college.→Born into a poor peasant family, the boy couldn't go to college. 由于出生在贫苦农民家庭，那个男孩没能上大学。
　　 When it is viewed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from a distance the hill looked like a tortoise. →Viewed from a distance, the hill looked like a tortoise. 从远处看这座山像一只乌龟。
(2) 状语从句→不定式短语。如：
　　 Who are you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat you should talk like that →Who are you to talk like that 你是谁竟这样讲话？
　　 The young gir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l was so excited that she couldn't go to sleep.→The young girl was too excited to go to sleep. 那个年轻姑娘兴奋得睡不着了。
(3) 状语从句→介词短语。如：
　　 Don't start the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work until you get further notice.→Don't start the work until further notice. 在接到新的通知以前不要开始这项工作。
　　 When she reached th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e airport, Cindy called me up. →On reaching the airport, Cindy called me up. 抵达机场时辛迪给我打了一个电话。
　　 In case I' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m not here, ask my brother to help you.→In case of my not being here, ask my brother to help you. 如果我不在，可以让我弟弟帮助你。
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