中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·动词
目 录
话说动词
A 动词的基本形式
一般现在时第三人称单数形式
现在分词
规则动词的过去式、过去分词
不规则动词的过去式、过去分词
B 不及物动词
C 及物动词
D 兼作及物动词和不及物动词的动词
E 双宾动词
F 成语动词
G 合成动词
H 系动词
I 助动词和情态动词
J 动词的限定形式
K 动词的非限定形式
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 10 动 词
话说动词
动词是表示动作和状态的词,它是句子不可缺少的部分,用来说明主语是什么或者做什么。有时态、语态和语气三种形式的变化。
A. 动词的基本形式
英语动词有五种基本形式:原形、一般现在时第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1. 一般现在时第三人称单数形式
规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式
一般动词加-s graduate graduates
以s、x、ch、sh、o音素结尾的动词,加-es address addresses
abolish abolishes
scratch scratches
do does
fix fixes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i, multiply multiplies
再加-es apply applies
2. 现在分词
规则 动词原形 现在分词
一般情况下直接加-ing play playing
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing create creating
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的 sit sitting
动词,要双写辅音字母再加-ing mop mopping
begin beginning
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing die dying
lie lying
tie tying
以oe,ee,ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing see seeing
hoe hoeing
dye dyeing
3. 规则动词的过去式、过去分词
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般情况加-ed help helped helped
look looked looked
work worked worked
词尾为不发音的e,加-d like liked liked
live lived lived
love loved loved
词尾为“辅音字母+y”, try tried tried
变y为i再加-ed study studied studied
cry cried cried
重读闭音节结尾,且词尾 plan planned planned
只有一个辅音字母,则 stop stopped stopped
双写这个字母后加-ed nod nodded nodded
4. 不规则动词的过去式、过去分词
(1) A—A—A型:动词原形、过去式、过去分词的词形与读音完全相同。如:
bet—bet—bet 打赌 put—put—put 放
burst—burst—burst 爆炸 rid—rid—rid 使摆脱
cast—cast—cast 投掷 shed—shed—shed 流出、散发
cost—cost—cost 花费 split—split—split 劈开、(使)裂开
(2) A—B—A型:动词原形、过去分词的词形与读音完全相同,动词的过去式只是改变中间的元音。如: 21·cn·jy·com
come—came—come 来、到 become—became—become 变得、成为
run—ran—run 跑 overcome—overcame—overcome 克服
(3) A—B—B型:动词的过去式、过去分词的词形与读音完全相同。如:
lend—lent—lent 借出 bend—bent—bent 弯曲、使屈服
bring—brought—brought 带来 lose—lost—lost 丢失
make—made—made 制作、制造 pay—paid—paid 付钱
(4) A—B—B或A—A-ed—A- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed型:动词的过去式、过去分词大多完全相同,同时每一个动词原形分别有两种形式的过去式和过去分词。如:21*cnjy*com
burn—burnt—burnt 烧burn—burned—burned 烧
lean—leant—leant 倚靠、倾斜
lean—leaned—leaned 倚靠、倾斜 learn—learnt—learnt 学习、学会、了解
learn—learned—learned 学会、学习、了解
(5) A—B—C型:动词的原形、过去式和过去分词三者完全不同。如:
ride—rode—ridden 骑、乘 rise—rose—risen 升起
begin—began—begun 开始 speak—spoke—spoken 说
steal—stole—stolen 偷 blow—blew—blown 吹、打击
B. 不及物动词
这类动词通常没有宾语。常见的不及物动词有:
ache advance appear arise bleed
blush cease collapse cough cry
decay depart die dine disappear
doze ensue exit expire faint
fall happen hesitate howl itch
kneel laugh moan occur pause
persist prosper quiver rise roar
scream shine sigh sleep slip
smile sob speak surrender swim
throb vanish vary wait weep
(1) 在特定的情况下有些不及物动词也可用作及物动词。如:
Peter sighed his relief. 彼得放心地叹了一口气。
They slept themselves sober. 他们一觉过后就清醒了。
Father smiled his approval. 父亲微笑着表示赞同。
Natalie laughed a scornful laugh. 娜塔莉鄙夷地笑了笑。
(2) 有些不及物动词表示运动或待在某处,后面常接表示方向或地点的状语。常见的这类不及物动词有:2-1-c-n-j-y
belong come crawl creep drift
flow gallop glide go hang
lie live plunge remain run
sit soar spring stand stay
strike travel walk
The ship sailed westward. 船向西航行。
The river flows east into the sea. 这条河向东流入大海。
Then I went back to my own room. 于是我回到自己的房间去了。
Come and sit on the sofa. 来坐在沙发上。
Pearl remained in bed for three days. 珀尔在床上躺了三天。www.21-cn-jy.com
(3) 有些不及物动词常与介词连用,后面跟宾语。常见的这种结构有:
abound in / with adhere to alternate with amount to
appeal for / to aspire to assent to associate with
believe in belong to bow to care for
cling to complain of conform to consist of / in
contend with contribute to depend on / upon dictate to
embark on emerge from end in / with tire of
feed on / upon flirt with hint at hope for
hunger after / for improve on indulge in insist on
Lead to learn of listen to long for
object to plot against prevail on / upon result in
revolve (a)round shrink from stem from strive for
suffer from sympathize with think of
We should rely on ourselves. 我们应当依靠自己。
I do sympathize with you. 我的确很同情你。
Light consists of waves. 光由波组成。
We must persist in our efforts. 我们要坚持不懈地努力。
相关试题解析
Would you please drive faster My flight is______. (中考题)21世纪教育网版权所有
A. taking off B. getting off C. turning off D. putting off
【选A】take off是动词短语,意思为“起飞”。
C. 及物动词
这种动词必须带有宾语。常见的及物动词有:
achieve address admire affect afford
avoid bear believe blame build
buy carry catch claim commit
complete concern consider control convince
correct cover erect cut damage
defy demand describe design desire
destroy discover discuss display do
dread enjoy equal exchange expect
experience express favour fear fill
fine free get give grant
guard handle hate have hear
heat hire hit include influence
introduce issue justify keep kill
know lack like list love
lower maintain make mean mention
name need own plant please
prefer prevent process produce pronounce
protect provide raise reach receive
recommend record release remember remove
rent report respect reveal risk
see seek sell shock specify
spot support take tease test
threaten trust upset use value
want waste wear welcome
(1) 有些及物动词通常用表示人的名词或代词作宾语。常见的这类动词有:
anger brief comfort contact frighten
interest shock suit surprise tease
thank trouble warn
His joke didn't interest me. 他的笑话我并不感兴趣。
Jason tried to comfort him. 詹森设法安慰他。
The news surprised all of us. 这消息使我们非常惊讶。
I must thank you for telling me this. 我应感谢你告诉了我这情况。
His speech angered the audience. 他的讲话激怒了观众。
(2) 有些及物动词常与介词短语或副词连用。常见的这类动词有:
accustom...to acquaint...with attribute...to www-2-1-cnjy-com
base...on / upon blame...for bring...with
compare...to / with condemn...to confine...to
convey...to cram...into dedicate...to
Deprive...of direct...to divide...into / by
engrave...with... entrust...to / with view...as
lavish...on liken...to mistake...for
owe...to point...to / at prevent...from
provide...for / with regard...as remind...of
return...to rid...of rob...of
send...to store...in subject...to
trust...with treat...to supply...to / with
incorporate...into jot..down...
Bruce has brought his luggage with him. 布鲁斯带来了他的行李。
Amy jotted down the telephone number. 艾美把电话号码记了下来。
Jesse wrote down Jon's address. 杰西记下了乔恩的地址。
This will prevent her from doing so. 这将会阻止她这样做。
We owe our success to your cooperation. 我们的成功多亏你的合作。
(3) 有些及物动词可作不及物动词,不带宾语。如:
We gave, they took. 我们给,他们拿。
Some people build while others destroy. 有些人建设而另一些人破坏。
Demi was anxious to please. 黛米急于讨人喜欢。
You must be convinced if you are to convince.
如果要想使别人相信你,你自己得相信自己。
(4) 有些及物动词后通常跟名词性从句。如:
Bob said that he was ready to help. 鲍伯说他乐于帮助人。
I suggest that we leave earlier. 我建议我们早点动身。
Lucy asked who would like to go. 露茜问谁愿意去。
(5) 有些及物动词后常接反身代词作宾语,这种动词称为反身动词。常与反身代词连用的动词有:
adopt ask behave blame
busy compose deceive dress
enjoy exert express force
free hide introduce kill
pride readjust repeat seat
shave strain stretch undress
apply
Finally he killed himself. 最后他自杀了。
Don't deceive yourself. 不要欺骗你自己。
Julia prided herself on being a Chinese. 朱莉娅以自己是中国人为荣。
Andrew busied himself tidying up his room. 安德鲁忙着收拾自己的房间。
注意
其中,有些及物动词后可跟反身代词也可不跟。如:
He dressed quickly and left the house. 他很快穿上衣服出了门。
The child is too young to dress itself. 孩子太小还不能自己穿衣服。
I told them to behave themselves. 我让他们乖一点。
You really behaved quite well. 你的确表现很好。
(6) 有些动词,常与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词连用表示一个动作,而本身意思却不大。这类动词的宾语通常用单数,其前通常加“a”或“some”。这类动词可与许多名词搭配。如:
have
appointment attack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) attitude chat conversation cry dance discussion dislike dream drink fear fight glance laugh look quarrel respect rest sniff shot sleep sigh smile swim talk wash
give
account advice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) analysis answer approval beating clean consent consideration cry dry gasp glance hint hug injection jump kick kiss love lecture look nod notice polish pull punch push reading report ring shock shot sign slap sniff speech squeeze start thought warning welcome
take
action bath break care chance(s)
charge control effect examination hit
(some) exercise knock lead left look
nap note notice oath offence
pity place pride revenge risk
seat shape shot sip stand
step trip (the) trouble turn(s) vacation view
make
advance(s) allusion answer apology appeal
appearance arrangements arrest appointment attack
attempt change choice comment comparison
concession confession dash deal decision
demand detour display distinction excuse
experiment explanation fight fuss go
hit impression love mention mess
mockery motion move noise objection
observation peace preparations pretence progress
promise proposal provision purchase resolution
round sacrifice scene search signal
slip speech start statement stay
stride study success suggestion translation
trip visit war
(7) 动词do可以和某些名词连用表示一个动作,跟随的名词不同,意思也不同。如:
Andy found her doing the flowers. 安迪发现她在插花。
Brian still has to do his military service. 布莱恩还得服兵役。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
Lance quickly learnt to do sums. 兰斯很快学会做算术题了。
Philip has done an excellent article. 菲利普写了一篇精彩的文章。
Greta did some pretty sketches. 格瑞塔画了几张漂亮的素描。
相关试题解析
He is so carel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess that he always______his school things at home. (中考题)
A. forgets B. forgot C. leaves D. left
【选C】 译文:他如此粗心,总是把学习用具忘在家里。
D. 兼作及物动词和不及物动词的动词
(1) 多数动词都可兼作及物动词和不及物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词,在不同的语境中有不同的意思。有些动词有两个或更多个意思,用于一个意思时为不及物动词,用于另一个意思时为及物动词。这类动词常见的有:
add aim beat blow call
change cheat count draw dress
drive escape exercise fit fly
follow hang head hold hurt
lead lose manage meet mind
miss move pass play point
press propose reflect run shoot
show sink spread stand stretch
strike study tend touch turn
I ran as quickly as I could. 我尽量快跑。(vi.)
Teach me how to run business. 教我怎样管理企业。(vt.)
Have you proposed to her 你向她求婚了吗?(vi.)
He proposed another meeting. 他建议另开一次会议。(vt.)
The train was already moving. 火车已经开动。(vi.)
Her story moved me deeply. 她的故事使我深受感动。(vt.)
(2) 有些动词在意思基本不变的情况下,可用作及物动词,后面带宾语,也可用作不及物动词,不带宾语。这类动词常见的有:21教育名师原创作品
borrow change clean cook draw
drink drive dust eat film
help iron learn lend marry
paint park point read ride
save sing smoke spend steal
study type wash wave write
I helped her as far as I could. 我尽量帮助她。(vt.)
At any rate they might help. 不管怎样他们可能帮忙。(vi.)
I drank some brandy. 我喝了一些白兰地。(vt.)
Justin has been drinking again. 贾斯汀又在喝酒了。(vi.)
I read a good article in today's paper. 我在今天的报纸上看到一篇好文章。(vt.)
He got a magazine and sat down to read. 他拿了一份杂志坐下来看。(vi.)
(3) 有些动词通常作及物动词,但宾语省略后成为不及物动词。这类动词常见的有:
accept aim answer approach ask
attack begin blow board call
check choose consider dry enter
explain fit follow forget gain
guess improve join judge know
lead leave lose mind miss
move notice offer order pass
phone play produce pull push
remember ring search
Kevin aimed at the bird but missed (it). 凯文瞄准那只鸟却没打中。
Mark rose as the manager entered (the room). 经理进来时马克站起身来。
Yes, I know (it). 是的,我知道。
(4) 有些动词作及物动词时,带宾语;而作不及物动词时,带介词短语。常见的这类动词有:
brush against / over chase after check on
climb up cross over distinguish between
enter for gain in fight against / with
hiss at jeer at juggle with
jump over leap over mock at
mourn for nibble at play against
roam over rule over sip at
skirt round sniff at tug at
walk through wander through
England fought Germany. 英国和德国交战。(vt.)
England fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ught against Russia in the Crimean War. 在克里米亚战争中英国和俄国作战。(vi.)
They will play New York next week. 下星期他们将和纽约队比赛。(vt.)
Thomas played against Glamorgan. 托马斯和格莱摩根比赛。(vi.)
(5) 还有一种动词可用作及物动词和不及物动词,这关系到宾语变为主语的情况。这类兼作及物和不及物的动词常见的有:
age bake begin bend boil
break burn burst change close
continue cook crack darken decrease
diminish disperse double drown dry
empty end fade finish fly
grow improve increase meet open
park quicken roast rock rot
run sail shake shatter show
shrink shut slow sound spin
split spread stand start steady
stick stop stretch swing tear
thicken turn widen worsen
Simon closed the door softly behind him. 西蒙轻轻把门关上。(vt.)
The door closed behind them. 他们后面的门关上了。(vi.)
The explosion shook the house. 爆炸使房子震动。(vt.)
The house shook when the trains went by. 火车经过时房子震动起来。(vi.)
A stone shattered the window. 一块石头把窗子砸碎了。(vt.)
The plate shattered when it hit the floor. 盘子掉到地板上碎了。(vi.)
Empty the garbage can. 把垃圾桶倒掉。(vt.)
The river empties into the sea. 河流入大海。(vi.)
(6) 有不少表示“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相互的”意思的动词被称为相互动词。有时这类动词后面跟each other或one another,此时为及物动词;反之,就是不及物动词。常见的这类动词有:consult,embrace,engage,fight,hug,kiss,marry,match,meet,touch等。如:
They wanted to marry each other. 他们想结婚。
The two sisters embraced each other warmly. 两姐妹相互热情拥抱。
Their children are always fighting. 他们的孩子老是打架。
有些相互动词后常可跟with引起的介词短语,这时为不及物动词,但也可用作及物动词,后面跟宾语。如:
The two good fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ends hadn't communicated with each other for many years.
这两个好朋友多年没联系了。
I asked my sister to communicate my wishes to her.
我让我姐姐把我的祝福传达给她。
They're always arguing with each other. 他们老是争论不休。
The students argued the case for hours. 这问题学生们争论了几个小时。
The atoms combine with each other to form a molecule.
原子结合在一起构成一个分子。
Some films combine education with recreation.
有些电影把教育和娱乐结合在一起。
E. 双宾动词
双宾动词后面跟两个宾语,直接宾语(OD)为动词直接涉及的事物,间接宾语(OI)往往为涉及的人。如: 21cnjy.com
Mother bought me (OI) a computer (OD). 妈妈给我买了一台电脑。
Can you lend me (OI) your book (OD) 你能把书借给我吗?
I can't promise you (OI) anything (OD) now. 我目前不能答应你什么。
(1) 有些双宾动词的间接宾语由介词to引导,放到句子的后面成为介词短语。这类动词常见的有:
accord advance award deal forward
give grant hand lease leave
lend loan mail offer owe
pass pay post read rent
repay sell send serve show
take teach
Spark handed his key to the teacher. 斯帕克把钥匙交给了老师。
Emma lent some money to her friend. 艾玛借给她朋友一些钱。
(2) 有些双宾动词的间接宾语由for引导,放在句后,表示承受者。这类动词常见的有:
book bring build buy cash
cook cut design fetch find
fix get keep leave make
mix order paint pick play
pour prepare reserve save set
sing spare
Thomas bought a gift for his daughter. 托马斯给他女儿买了一份礼物。
Josie played some ancient Chinese music for us. 乔茜给我们放了几曲中国古典音乐。
(3) 有一些动词的间接宾语不能以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to或for引起,而只能放在直接宾语前面。这类动词常见的有:allow,ask,beg,bat,cause,charge,cost,deny,draw,envy,forgive,grudge,promise,refuse,wish等。如: 【出处:21教育名师】
They forgave him his crimes. 他们宽恕了他的罪行。
Daisy wished them a safe journey. 戴茜祝他们一路平安。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
F. 成语动词
一个动词与一个介词、一个副词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或一个副词和介词放在一起构成的短语,称为成语动词,其作用和动词差不多,也分为及物的和不及物的,但意义往往与原动词有些差别。(见下表)【版权所有:21教育】
类型 例证
不及物动词+副词 I must have dozed off. 我准是睡着了。
The boys are fooling around. 男孩子们在瞎胡闹。
You go ahead. We'll follow behind. 你们先走,我们随后就来。
不及物动词+介词 We must abide by the rules. 我们必须遵守规定。
How did you come by this painting 你怎么得到这张画的?
I'm used to dealing with matters of this sort.
我已习惯处理这类事。
及物动词+副词 We've decided to put the meeting off.
We've decided to put off the meeting. 我们决定推迟会议。
How are we to carry out this policy
How are we to carry the policy out 我们该怎样执行这个方针?
及物动词+介词 He's a good friend of mine. He won't hold it against us.
他是我的好朋友。他不会以此来反对我们。
“Don't you dare,”he said, frightening her into silence.
“你敢!”他说,吓得她不敢说话了。
动词+副词+介词 Why do they put up with such treatment
他们为什么要忍受这样的待遇?
Gillian soon caught up with us. 吉莉安很快赶上了我们。
Johnny had to face up to the situation.
约翰尼不得不面对这一形势。
相关试题解析
It's already 10 o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'clock. I wonder how it______that she was two hours late on such a short trip. (高考题)
A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up
【选C】come over意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“过来,顺便来访”;come out意为“出来,出版;显现”;come about意为“发生”;come up意为“上来;被提出”。根据题意,只有C项正确,句中it 是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。
G. 合成动词
有些动词是由两个词合成的,称为合成动词。合成动词可分为:
(1) 不及物合成动词。如:
Stop shilly-shallying (about) and make your mind up. 不要犹犹豫豫,快拿主意。
The Federal Repu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blic backpedalled on its earlier commitments. 联邦共和国从它前些时候作出的承诺中退缩了。
Kenneth promised to teach her to water-ski. 肯尼斯答应教她滑水。
(2) 及物合成动词。如:
Larry could proofread four pages an hour. 拉里1小时可以校对4页。
Lynn cross-checked the names against a list. 林恩对照名单反复核对名字。
All the stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents on hunger strike had to be force-fed. 所有绝食的学生都得强迫进食。
Quentin had double-crossed them in the past. 昆廷过去曾诈骗过他们。
The press conference was clearly stage-managed. 记者招待会是精心安排的。
(3) 既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词的合成动词。如:
I'm going to spring-clean the kitchen before 7. 我要在7点之前把厨房打扫干净。
I'm going to spring-clean this weekend. 这个周末我将进行大扫除。
Robin chain-smoked cheap cigars. 罗宾一根接一根地抽便宜的雪茄烟。
Richard was left to chain-smoke in the living-room.
剩下理查德在客厅一根接一根地抽烟。
Irrigation canals criss-crossed the area. 在这个地区,灌溉渠纵横交错。
Railway lines criss-cross in a complex network. 铁路纵横交错,形成复杂的铁路网。
H. 系动词
英语中,系动词后面跟表语,构成系 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表结构。最常用的系动词是be,还有其他主要系动词:appear,become,fall,feel,get,go,grow,keep,look,prove,remain,run,seem,smell,sound,stay,turn等。
be
(1) be可跟各种各样的表语。如:
[名词]
What nationality is he 他是哪国人?
[代词]
Money isn't everything. 金钱不是一切。
[数词]
The girl was the first to arrive. 那个女孩是第一个到达的人。
[过去分词]
Are you interested in going 你有兴趣去吗?
[不定式]
That is to say, he's too young. 这就是说,他太年轻了。
[副词]
What film is on 在上演什么电影?
[介词短语]
I'm all for it. 我完全赞成。
[词组]
They're twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。
[从句]
That's how I look at it. 这是我对这事的看法。
(2) be可与介词或副词构成成语动词。如:
Lily is through with Max. 莉莉和麦克斯分手了。
I am behind in my work. 我工作没完成。
Amber is down with the flu. 安伯患了流行性感冒。
Are you into France food 你对法国菜有兴趣吗?
My estimate was off a little bit. 我的估计有点不准确。
(3) “be+形容词+介词”构成固定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成语:be fond of,be sure of,be tired of,be careful of,be mindful of,be keen on,be weary of,be productive of等。如:
Linda is keen on growing roses. 琳达喜欢种植玫瑰。
I am weary of all this arguing. 我对这一切争辩感到厌倦。
appear
(1) 系动词appear意为“好像,似乎”,常与形容词及过去分词连用。如:
The apple appeared sound, but it was rotten. 苹果看起来像是好的,但已腐坏。
The house appeared deserted. 房子里好像空无一人。
(2) 与不定式连用。如:
The patient appeared to be all right after taking the medicine.
服药后,病人看起来好多了。
The car appears to have no brake. 这车的刹车好像失灵了。
(3) 与名词连用。如:
Andy appeared a normal person. 安迪看起来是一个正常的人。
It appears a true story. 它好像是个真实的故事。
I didn't want to appear a fool. 我不想像个傻子一样。
(4) 用it作形式主语,后面跟that从句。如:
It appears (that) the plane did not land at Rome. 飞机好像不在罗马降落。
It appears to me that we are all mistaken. 我感到我们都错了。
become
系动词become可以与名词、形容词或过去分词连用。如:
[名词]
His dream had now become a reality. 他的梦想现在变成了现实。
[过去分词]
Miya became excited when she heard the news. 米娅听到这个消息非常兴奋。
[形容词]
The sky became suddenly overcast with clouds. 天空突然乌云密布。
fall
系动词fall后接形容词,也可与名词或介词短语连用。如:
[形容词]
At his entry everyone fell / became silent. 他进来时大家都沉默了。
The post of headmaster fell vacant. 校长的职位空缺了。
[名词]
Scott fell (a) victim to her charms. 斯考特中了她的魔法。
I fell (a) prey to evil dreams. 我常常受到噩梦的折磨。
[介词短语]
We fell easily into conversation. 我们很容易地交谈起来。
The house fell into decay. 房子已经朽坏。
feel
(1) 系动词feel后面跟形容词,表示“感到”。如:
I feel a little cross. 我有点生气。
Benson felt utterly miserable. 本森感到极其痛苦。
Pearl felt shy but happy at the same time. 珀尔感到害羞,同时也很快乐。
When he got up, he felt dizzy. 他站起来时感到头晕。
(2) feel后多跟与感受有关的形容词。如:
well awkward (un)comfortable sick dizzy
lonely bad gloomy weak fine
ill chilly right guilty fit
proud sure glad sorry
I felt worried. 我感到担心。
They felt insulted. 他们感到受到了侮辱。
Karida felt drawn to him. 卡瑞达被他吸引。
(3) 系动词feel后面跟形容词,意为“摸(感觉)起来……”。如:
The water feels warm. 水很暖和。
Silk feels soft and smooth. 绸缎摸起来柔软光滑。
It felt pleasant going to work. 上班去的感觉很愉快。
get
(1) get是最常用的系动词之一,意思为“变得……”,后面多数跟形容词。如:
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越暖和了。
How thin Jim is getting! 吉姆变得瘦多了!
I think she will get well quickly. 我想她很快会痊愈的。
Please don't get angry. 请不要生气。
(2) “get+过去分词”结构在意思上与被动语态很接近。如:
Denny got engaged / was engaged to her last winter. 去年冬天丹尼和她订婚了。
You didn't get hurt / weren't hurt in any way 你没受什么伤吧?
The little boy nearly got hit by that car!那个小男孩差点被那辆车撞上了。
You may get cheated, if you are unwary. 如果不当心,你可能被骗。
(3) 与过去分词、现在分词、名词或介词短语连用。如:
[过去分词]
There's nothing to get excited about. 没有什么可激动的。
[现在分词]
We got talking and didn't notice the time. 我们聊了起来,没注意时间。
[名词]
You're getting a bad influence on my children. 你对我的孩子造成了不良影响。
[介词短语]
I've been r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inging his office all day, but I can't get hold of him. 我整天给他的办公室打电话,可是找不到他。
go
go作系动词时,意为“变得……”,后面常与形容词、介词短语或名词连用。如:
Your hair has gone quite white. 你的头发变白了。
When I mentioned Alina, he went red. 当我提到艾琳娜时,他脸红了。
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 一旦出错将会酿成悲剧。
They went out of fashion years ago. 很多年前他们就过时了。
Her face went the colour of cream. 她的脸变成了乳白色。
grow
(1) grow作系动词时,意为“变得”,后面跟形容词。如:
The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。
The fox may grow grey, but never good. 狐狸会变老,却不会变好。
The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日渐严重。
Jean's growing fat. 姬恩越来越胖了。
It began to grow dark. 天开始黑了起来。
(2) 以下形容词常跟在grow后作表语:
cold hot old big fat tall thin
bright close angry rich restless uneasy worse
weak fierce violent serious intimate
(3) grow与过去分词连用,通常与心情有关。如:
I grew excited, and a little frightened. 我变得很激动,也有点害怕。
After a time I grew dissatisfied with the work.
过了一段时间我逐渐对这个工作不满意了。
Carl grow discouraged. 卡尔变得很泄气了。
keep
keep作系动词时表示“保持某种状态”,可以和形容词、副词或介词短语连用。如:
[形容词]
I hope you'll keep fit. 希望你身体健康。
Carol knew she must keep calm. 凯罗尔知道她必须保持镇静。
[介词短语]
Keep away from them. 不要靠近他们。
We'll keep in touch with you. 我们将和你保持联系。
[副词]
The train kept on. 火车继续往前开。
Let's keep together or we shall lose each other. 咱们待在一块儿,否则会走散。
look
look作系动词时,表示“看起来怎样”,后面主要跟形容词。如:
[形容词]
My boy is not looking very well. 我的孩子气色不太好。
[过去分词]
Helen looked rather offended. 海伦相当生气。
[名词]
Haywood looked a perfect fool. 海伍德看起来像一个十足的傻瓜。
[介词短语]
The weather doesn't look like clearing up. 天气不像要晴起来的样子。
prove
prove作系动词时,表示“(最后)证明……事实表明……”,与形容词、名词或be的不定式连用。如:
[形容词]
The article has proved most useful. 这篇文章很有用。
Arguments proved useless. 争辩是无用的。
[名词]
He proved a very reliable friend. 事实表明他是一个可靠的朋友。
It proved an easy task. 实践证明这是一项容易的任务。
[be的不定式]
Our discussion p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roved to be of the greatest value to us. 事实证明,我们的讨论对我们极有价值。
Perhaps this boo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k will prove to be of some use to you in your studies. 或许在你的学习中会证实,这本书对你有些用处。
remain
remain作系动词时表示“继续保持或仍然处于某种状态”。与形容词、分词、名词或介词短语连用。如:
[形容词]
Shops remain open till late in the evening. 商店一直开到晚上很晚。
[过去分词]
The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
[现在分词]
The little girl remained standing for an hour. 那个小女孩一直站了一个小时。
[名词]
The labour shortage remained a problem. 劳工短缺一直是一个问题。
[介词短语]
The Indian people remain in deep poverty. 印第安人仍处于极端贫困状态。
run
run作系动词时表示“变成什么样子”,相当于become,与少数形容词、副词或介词短语连用。如:
[形容词]
The violets are running wild in the flower bed. 紫罗兰在花圃里乱长。
[副词]
My contract runs out in September. 我的合同九月份到期。
[介词短语]
The truck's run out of gas again. 卡车又没汽油了。
seem
seem表示“看来”“似乎(如何)”,相当于appear和look,可与形容词、分词、名词或介词短语连用。如:
[形容词]
The plan did seem feasible. 这计划的确可行。
[过去分词]
His first memories seemed connected with work. 他最早的记忆似乎和工作有关。
[现在分词]
Claire seemed lacking in enthusiasm. 克莱尔似乎缺乏热情。
[名词]
It seems to me a marvellous book. 在我看来它似乎是一本很精彩的书。
[介词短语]
The driver seemed out of humour. 看来司机并不幽默。
sound
sound作系动词时表示“听起来……”,主要与形容词、介词短语或名词连用。如:
[形容词]
The report sounds true. 这个报道听起来是真的。
[介词短语]
Your doctrine sounds like socialism. 你的学说听起来像社会主义。
[名词]
It sounds a very bad poem to me. 这在我听来像是一首很糟的诗。
相关试题解析
—Do you like the music “the Moonlight Sonata”
—Yes, it______really beautiful. (中考题)
A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears
【选B】sound作系动词,表示“听起来”,sound beautiful“听起来很美”。
stay
stay只在少数情况下可作系动词,意思是“保持某种状态”,后面通常与形容词或介词短语连用。如:
[形容词]
The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这周气温仍然很高。
That fellow never stays sober for long. 那家伙从来清醒不了多久。
[介词短语]
They are unlikely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to stay in power after the next election. 下次选举之后他们不太可能继续执政。
Father hoped we'd stay out of trouble. 父亲希望我们别碰上麻烦。
taste
taste作系动词时表示“吃或喝起来味道如何”,后面跟形容词。如:
The tea tastes good. 这茶味道很好。
The apples from this tree taste delicious. 这棵树上的苹果味道很好。
This milk tastes sour. 这牛奶有酸味。
This food tastes sweet. 这种食品是甜的。
turn
(1) turn作系动词时表示“变得,变成”,相当于become,通常跟形容词。如:
He turned pale at the thought. 想到这里他脸色变得苍白。
When she listened this, she turned red. 她听到这时脸红了。
The milk will speedily turn sour. 牛奶很快会酸。
(2) turn跟名词时,名词前面都不加冠词,表示变成某人或某类从业者。如:
Evan has turned traitor. 埃文成了叛徒。
George was a Conser ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vative but he turned Socialist. 乔治原来是保守党党员,后来成了社会党党员。2·1·c·n·j·y
Is it wise for a general to turn politician 将军从政明智吗?
I. 助动词和情态动词
请参阅Unit 11“助动词和情态动词”。
J. 动词的限定形式
动词在作谓语时,要受到主语的制约。主要表现在:
(1) 和主语保持人称的一致。如:
[第一人称]
I know that. 我知道那件事。
[第三人称]
She knows that. 她知道那件事。
(2) 和主语保持数的一致。如:
[第三人称单数形式]
She is a doctor. 她是一个医生。
[第三人称复数形式]
They are doctors. 他们是医生。
(3) 有时态的变化。如:
[一般过去时]
We had an English lesson yesterday. 昨天我们上了一堂英语课。
[一般将来时]
We will have another English lesson tomorrow. 明天我们又有一节英语课。
[现在进行时]
We're having an English lesson now. 现在我们正在上英语课。
(4) 有语态的变化。如:
[主动语态]
Everybody respects him. 人人都尊敬他。
[被动语态]
He is respected by everybody. 他受到人们的尊敬。
(5) 有语气的变化。如:
[陈述语气]
He is rather careless. 他是相当粗心的。
[祈使语气]
Be careful! 小心点!
[虚拟语气]
I wish he were more careful. 我希望他更加细心些。
这些形式都被称为限定形式即作谓语用的形式。有少数动词如情态动词,不受主语影响,在任何人称后形式都不变,因此它们被称为无变化动词。
K. 动词的非限定形式
动词除可充当谓语外,还可充当许 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多其他成分。由于它们不需要和主语在人称和数上保持一致,又不按照时态变换词形,它们被称作动词的非限定形式,也称为非谓语形式。非限定形式有三种:
(1) 不定式:在动词原形前加to,在句中可构成各种成分。如:
[作主语]
To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件愉快的事。
[作谓语]
Who is going to be his secretary 谁将当他的秘书?
[作状语]
I went to France to learn French. 我去法国学法语。
[作定语]
I have a question to ask you. 我有一个问题要问你。
[作复合宾语]
I want you to read the sentence clearly. 我想让你把句子读清楚。
[作表语]
The house is to let. 房屋出租。
(2) 动名词:就是动词的-ing形式,起名词的作用,在句中可担任不同成分。如:
[作表语]
Suwu's job is looking after sheep. 苏武的任务是看羊。
[作主语]
Dancing is fun, I love it. 跳舞很有意思,我很喜欢。
[作宾语]
Nina loves running. 尼娜喜欢跑步。
[作介词的宾语]
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看望我。
(3) 分词
现在分词
现在分词是-ing形式的一种,主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要起形容词的作用,可以作谓语、表语、定语、状语等,有时单独一个词构成一个成分,有时跟宾语或状语等构成短语作为句中的一个成分。如:
[作谓语]
We were worrying about you. 我们正为你发愁呢。
[作表语]
The theory is quite convincing. 这理论很有说服力。
[作定语]
His essay lacks convincing argument. 他的文章缺乏有说服力的论据。
[作状语]
Laughing and shri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eking, the crowd rushed out of the park. 那群人又笑又叫,从公园里冲了出来。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
[作复合宾语]
I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人敲门。
过去分词
过去分词也可以充当谓语、表语、定语、状语等句子成分。如:
[作谓语]
Her sister has been transferred to another unit. 她姐姐调到另外一个单位了。
[作表语]
They were delighted with the result. 他们对这成绩感到很高兴。
[作定语]
This was a record set by a Chinese girl. 这是一个中国姑娘创造的纪录。
[作状语]
Guided by thes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e principles, they achieved remarkable success. 在这些方针的指引下,他们取得了可喜的成就。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) I didn't find a room_____.
A. to live B. to live in C. living D. living in
(2) We_____meet you at the station when you come.
A. willn't B. shalln't C. will not D. shan't
(3) That boy_____be Tom. He has gone to England.
A. can't B. mustn't C. won't D. may not
(4) My sister_____to stay at home and studies English.
A. have B. will have C. had D. has
(5) Let's go to the shop together,_____
A. shall we B. will you C. shall you D. will we
2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1) Tom_____(play) the guitar very well.
(2) My father_____(agree) to buy me a present yesterday.
(3) The rabbit_____(run) faster but he slept on the half way.
(4) We_____(see) a film now.
(5) The dog is_____(die). We're feeling unhappy.
3. 完形填空。
Jimmy likes(1)_____meat. Yesterday he(2)_____some meat and wanted to cook it, but a friend came to (3)_____him. Jimmy needed (4)______some time with him. They (5)_____for about two hours. Then his friend (6)______. Jimmy (7)______to cut his meat, but the meat (8)_____him. Most of the meat (9)_____. He didn't understand what happened. He looked for the meat in the kitchen. At last, he found some rats were having a meeting under the table. It seemed the meat was (10)_____.
(1) A. eats B. eating C. ate D. eaten
(2) A. buy B. buying C. bought D. buys
(3) A. drop B. drop in C. drop in on D. drop in at
(4) A. spend B. spent C. spending D. to spend
(5) A. said B. talked C. told D. spoke
(6) A. visited B. went away C. went over D. went in
(7) A. returned B. returned back C. returned from D. gave back
(8) A. was surprised B. surprise C. surprised D. surprising
(9) A. went B. going C. gone D. was gone
(10) A. show B. showed C. on show D. on shown
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) In this seasi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de resort, you can_____all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.
A. enjoy B. apply C. receive D. achieve
(2) Lucy has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.21·世纪*教育网
A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved
(3) Don't r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )espond to any e-mails_____personal information, no matter how official they look.
A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning
(4) At minus 130℃, a living cell can be_____for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
(5) Mum_____to us, “Be quiet! Your little sister's sleeping.”
A. whispered B. shouted C. explained D. replied
(6) —Look! He's running so fast!
—Hard to_____his legs were once broken.
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find
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参考答案
【基础练习】
1. (1) B (2) D (3) A (4) D (5) A
2. (1) plays (2) agreed (3)ran (4) are seeing (5) dying21*cnjy*com
3. (1) B (2) C (3) C (4) D (5) B (6) B (7) A (8) C (9) D (10) C
【能力提升】
1. (1) A (2) D (3) C (4) C (5) A (6) B (7) B (8) D (9) D (10) A
(11) B (12) A (13) A (14) C (15) C (16) D (17) A (18) D (19) B (20) C
2. (1) for—of (2) 在announced之后加上to (3) 去掉writer之前的a
(4) checked—examined (5) included—including (6) 把for改为on
(7) 去掉out (8) damaged—destroyed (9) 在country之后加上against
(10) with—to
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