高中英语语法之4代词　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·代词
目 录
话说代词
A 人称代词
B 物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
C 反身代词
D 相互代词
E 指示代词
This，these，that，those的用法
That和those的用法
Such的用法
F 疑问代词
G 连接代词
H 关系代词
Who，whom和whose
That和which
I 不定代词
合成不定代词
Some，any与no
Many，much，little，a little，few，a few
All，each和none
Both，either，neither
The other / others，another
every
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 4代 词
　　代词是代替名词以及起名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词可以分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词。21世纪教育网版权所有
A. 人称代词
　　人称代词表示人称范畴以及它们的变化形式，有人称、性、数与格之分。
　　单数
　　人称　　 一　　 二　　 　三
　　主格　　 I　　 you　　 he / she / it
　　宾格　　 me　　 you　　 him / her / it　　　　
　　复数
　　人称　　 一　　 二　　 　三
　　主格　　 we　 you　　 they
　　宾格　　 us　　 you　　 them
(1) 人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语及介词宾语时则需用宾格。如：
　　We both started as we saw each other. 我们两人一见面，都惊讶起来。
　　I saw you in the street. 我在大街上看见你了。
　　This pen is bad. I cannot write with it. 这支钢笔坏了，我没法用它写字。
(2) 人称代词作表语，在口语中都用宾格。如：
　　—Who is it 是谁呀？
　　—It's us. 是我们。
　　Don't blame Tom. It's me who broke it. 别怪汤姆，是我打破的。www.21-cn-jy.com
　　If I were her, I would stay. 如果我是她，我就留下。
(3) it指具体或抽象的事物，也可代替单个名词或整句概念。如：
　　[it指代vase]
　　That vase is very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) valuable. It is over 200 years old. 这个花瓶很珍贵，已有200多年的历史了。
　　[it指swimming]
　　She loves sw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imming. It keeps her fit. 她喜欢游泳。游泳可使她保持身体健康。　　[it指整句You have saved my life.]
　　You have saved my life; I shall never forget it. 你救了我的命，我永远不会忘记。
　　相关试题解析
　　—Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father
　　—Accident No, I haven't. Tell me about_____.(中考题)
　　A. it 　　B. her　　　　C. him 　　D. them
　　【选A】 译文：——你听说过有关露西和她父亲的那起事故吗？
　　 　　　——事故？没有，告诉我吧。
(4) them可以指人，也可指物或动物。如：
　　I'm really sorry for them. 我的确为他们感到难过。
　　Here are the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rabbits Auntie brought us. Take good care of them. 这是姑姑送来的兔子，好好照顾它们。
　　“Who did you come with ”“Them.” “你和谁一起来的？”“他们。”
(5) 宾格的人称代词用在极短的句子中，可作主语。如：
　　—Who wants a ride on my bike 谁想骑我的自行车？
　　—Me! 我想！
　　—You can tell him. 你可告诉他。
　　—Me tell him Not likely. 我告诉他？不太可能。
　　He has more time than me. 他的时间比我多。
(6) we和you可用来泛指一般人。如：
　　We / You have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be cautious under such circumstances. 在这种情况下大家都得小心。
　　We are all a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pt to believe what we wish to believe. 人们常常爱相信他们愿意相信的东西。
　　You have to be careful with people you don't know. 对不认识的人你得当心。
(7) 祖国、大地、月亮、船只及人格化的动物都可以用she来表示。如：
　　Our country needs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) strong leaders: may she always have them! 我们的国家需要强有力的领导人物：但愿祖国永远有这样的领导人！
　　The“Esteranca” is due in tomorrow, isn't she 伊斯特朗卡号轮船明天进港，对吧？
　　My car's not fast ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), but she does 50 miles to the gallon. 我的车不快，但每加仑油能跑50英里。
　　It's the far ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mer's best cow; she gives lots of milk. 那是这位农民最好的奶牛，因为她可以产很多奶。
B. 物主代词
　　物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也称为代词属格。它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两大类。见下表：
　　 我的　你的　　 他(她，它)的　　我们的　　你们的　　他们的
　形容词性物主代词　　my　　your　　his，her，its　　 our　　 your　　 their
　名词性物主代词　　 mine　 yours　 his，hers，its　　ours　　 yours　　 theirs
(1) 形容词性物主代词主要用作定语。如：
　　My office is on the 3rd floor. 我的办公室在三楼。
　　What's your name 你叫什么名字？
　　相关试题解析
　　1. ______camera is not so expensive as______, but it works well, too.(中考题)
　　A. My; his　　B. Mine; him　　 C. My; him　　D. Mine; his
　　【选A】译文：我的照相机没有他的贵，但是性能也很好。
　　2. I don't mind______the decision as long as it is not too late. (四级题)
　　A. you to delay making　　　　 B. your delaying making
　　C. you delaying to make 　　 D. you delay to make
　　【选B】 译文：我不介意你推迟做决定，只是不要太迟就可以。
(2) its用来表示“动物的，物件的，婴儿的”。如：
　　Here is my dog. Its name is Tom. 这是我的狗，它的名字叫汤姆。
　　He dropped the teapot and broke its spout. 他把茶壶摔了，壶嘴摔破了。
(3) their表示“某些动物的”或“某些东西的”。如：
　　Dogs should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have their own kennels outside the house. 狗应当在房子外面有它们自己的狗屋。
　　Cars with their engines at the back are very noisy. 发动机在后面的汽车很吵人。
(4) her用来表示“某雌性动物的、某国家的”。如：
　　The cuckoo lays her eggs in other birds' nests. 杜鹃把自己的蛋生在别的鸟的窝里。
　　In 1941 Am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erica assumed her role as a world power. 1941年美国开始发挥其世界大国的作用。
(5) 形容词性物主代词可与own连用，表示“……自己的”。如：
　　She saw it with her own eyes. 这是她亲眼看到的。
　　Our cat has its own corner. 我们的猫有它自己的角落。
　　Every cook praises his own broth. 每个厨子都说自己做的汤好。
　　作表语、宾语等。如：
　　The house is my own. 这房子是我自己的。
　　Raid had res ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erved a seat for me, beside his own. 雷德给我留了一个座位，就在他座位旁边。
　　与of连用。如：
　　We have no children of our own. 我们没有自己的孩子。
　　They had opinions of their own. 他们有他们自己的看法。
　　I want a book of my own. 我要一本属于我自己的书。
2. 名词性物主代词
(1) 名词性物主代词可以在句中作表语、主语、宾语或介词的宾语。如：
　　[作表语]
　　Is that coffee yours or hers 这咖啡是你的还是她的？
　　[作主语]
　　Our flat is on th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e first floor and theirs (is) on the third. 我们的公寓在一楼，他们的公寓在三楼。2-1-c-n-j-y
　　[作宾语]
　　Let's clean their room first and ours later. 咱们先打扫他们的房间，我们的房间稍后再打扫。
　　[作介词的宾语]
　　What's the diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erence between your ideas and theirs 你们的想法和他们的想法有什么不同？
(2) 名词性物主代词也可和of连用，表示“某人的”。如：
　　Two relatives of theirs came to visit them. 他们的两位亲戚来拜访他们了。
　　This is no fault of yours. 这不是你的错。
C. 反身代词
　　反身代词也称自身代词，表示动作反射回该动作执行者本身的一种代词，有时也用来加强名词和代词的语气，表达“亲自、本人”的概念。
　　反身代词通常是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格加-self(或-selves)构成的，有人称和数的区分。(见下表)
　　 第一人称　　 第二人称　　 第三人称
　　单数　　 myself　　 yourself　　 himself / herself / itself
　　复数　　 ourselves　　 yourselves　　 themselves
(1) 反身代词作及物动词的宾语。如：
　　I can't express myself in English. 我不能用英语表达思想。
　　Please help yourself to some tea. 请随便用茶。
　　反身代词和介词连用作状语。如：
　　Hunk was pleased with himself. 汉克他对自己很满意。
　　You must let us answer for ourselves. 你必须让我们对自己的行为负责。
　　There was an invitation to my wife and myself. 有一份给我妻子和我的请帖。
　　用在复合宾语中。如：
　　They could not bring themselves to believe it. 他们不能让自己相信这一点。
　　Jane found herself in agreement with both sides. 简发现自己对双方的意见都赞同。
　　Suddenly I found my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )self face to face with the young man. 突然我发现自己和那青年面对面地站着。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
(2) 作主语或宾语的同位语。如：
　　The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。
　　Randall himself was a doctor. 兰德尔本人是一位医生。
　　We had better ask the president himself about it. 我们最好问问校长本人。
　　注意
　　在很多情况下，反身代词可起强调作用，具有状语的性质，这时可以放到句子后部去。如：
　　They must make investigation themselves. 他们应当亲自做调查。
　　I prefer the supper yourself. 你自己去拿晚饭。
　　She must decide that herself. 这必须由她自己来决定。
(3) 作表语和主语。如：
　　That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。
　　I hope Miss Green ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and yourself (=you) are keeping well. 我希望格林小姐和你的身体都好。
(4) 用于某些固定习语中。如：
　　among themselves / ourselves 他们/我们之间相互
　　They were busy arguing among themselves. 他们忙着互相争论。
　　We were always quarrelling among ourselves. 我们之间老是互相争吵。
　　between ourselves 咱们私下说说
　　Between ourselves, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I think Mr Holmes had not quite got over his illness yet. 我们私下说说，我认为福尔摩斯先生的病还没完全好。
　　All this is—er—you know—between ourselves. 这一切，呃，你知道，都是咱们私下说说的。
　　by oneself 独自一人；自己
　　You'd have to go by yourself. 你得一个人去。
　　I studied by myself for an hour. 我自己学习了一个小时了。
　　for oneself 替自己，为自己
　　Brandon made no complaint for himself. 布兰登没为自己诉苦。
　　You can judge for yourself. 你可以自己作出判断。
　　in oneself 本身
　　The idea is not bad in itself. 这主意本身不错。
　　They were good in themselves. 他们本身都是善良的。
　　to oneself 给自己用
　　Mayme had a room to herself. 梅米自己有一间房。
　　I want a little time to myself. 我希望有一点由自己掌握的时间。
D. 相互代词
　　相互代词只有one anoth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er和each other。通常来说，each other指两人间的相互关系；one another指几个人之间的相互关系，但二者也可互换使用。21教育名师原创作品
(1) 作宾语。如：
　　The three women looked at each other. 这三个女人相互看了看。
　　The birds fought each other over the bread. 那些鸟儿为了面包相互打斗。
　　We can help one another. 我们可以互相帮助。
(2) 作介词的宾语。如：
　　They sat down opposite to each other. 他们面对面地坐了下来。
　　We don't see much of each other. 我们不常见面。
(3) 相互代词的's所有格作定语，表示所有关系。如：
　　They have great concern for each other's work. 他们很关心彼此的工作。
　　They often stay in one another's house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。
　　We should point out each other's shortcomings. 我们应指出彼此的缺点。
　　有时each other和one another还可分开用，但意义不同。如：
　　Each wished the other to answer first. 每个人都希望对方先回答。
　　We each know how the other is getting along. 我们每人都知道对方的情况。
　　The passengers embarked one after another. 乘客一个接一个地上了船。
　　注意
　　有些情况下，在汉语里没有“相互”“彼此”等词，译成英语时却要用相互代词。如：
　　Did you know each other at that time 你们那时候认识吗？
　　We don't often see each other now. 我们现在不常见面了。
　　Do you often write to each other 你们常通信吗？
E. 指示代词
1. this, these, that, those的用法
　　常用的指示代词有this，these，that，those，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。其用法如下：
(1) 作主语。如：
　 This placed him in a difficult position. 这使他处境困难。
　　How is that 这样做如何？
　　Those are easy questions to answer. 那些问题很容易回答。
　　注意
　　在电话里或在介绍人时，this和that可以指人。如：
　　Who is that 你是谁？(打电话用语)
　　Was that Helen on the phone 是海伦打电话来吗？
　　This is Mary. 我是玛丽。
(2) 作宾语。如：
　　I don't like this. 我不喜欢这个。
　　I've brought you these. 这些是我带给你的。
　　Better take those with you. 最好把那些带着。
(3) 作介词的宾语。如：
　　It would be quicker if you did it like this. 如果你这样做会快一些。
　　You'll have to pay for that. 你将为此付出代价。
　　Without these we can't possibly succeed. 没有这些我们不可能成功。
(4) 作表语。如：
　　My idea is this. 我的想法是这样的。
　　The winning numbers are these... 中奖号码是……
　　注意
　　日常说话时，对于前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that或those表示，而汉语中却常用“这”表示。如：21cnjy.com
　　That's where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
　　We have no time to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do it and that's our trouble. 我们没有时间去做这件事，这就是我们的问题。
　　Those are the problems we face. 这些就是我们面对的问题。
(5) 作定语
　　与“of+物主代词”连用。如：
　　This girl of m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ine wrote to say that she was coming from Paris. 我的这个姑娘给我写信说要从巴黎来。
　　I like these books of yours. 我喜欢你的这些书。
　　Have you seen those sonnets of Hawkshaw's 你看到霍克休那些十四行诗了吗？
　　this可和某些名词连用，表示“今天”“今年”等。如：
　　I don't feel like going out this evening. 我今晚不想出去了。【出处：21教育名师】
　　To this day the best blankets come from Witney. 直到今天最好的毯子还是威特尼产的。
　　可用于this day week 这类短语中。如：
　　He will be here this day week. 他一星期后到这里来。
　　We've arranged to meet this day week. 我们已安排好一星期后见面。
　　these days可表示“近来”“现在”。如：
Edna annoyed him these days. 埃德娜近来让他不高兴。　　
One must be firm these days. 现在我们必须坚强。
　　A pound doesn't go far these days. 现今一英镑不耐用。
2. that和those的用法
(1) that可代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。如：
　　Had they f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ailed, their fate would have been that of Robespierre. 如果他们失败了，他们的命运就会和罗伯斯比尔一样。2·1·c·n·j·y
　　The potato cro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p in 1984 was inferior to that of 1982. 1984年的土豆收成比1982年的差。
　　相关试题解析
　　1. Few pleasures can equal______of a cool drink on a hot day.(高考题)
　　A. some　　　　B. any　　　　C. that　　　　D. those
　　【选C】本题考查指示代词的用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法。pleasure作为可数名词，意为“乐趣”“快乐的事”，a cool drink on a hot day是众多乐趣中的一项，选D显然不当。that作为替代词，既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词，在此用于指代pleasures中的一项。
　　2. The number of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) registered participants in this year's marathon was half______. (考研题)
　　A. of last year's　　　　　　 B. those of last year's21*cnjy*com
　　C. of those of last year　　　 D. that of last year's　　　　
【选D】 that指代前面的the number。译文：报名参加今年马拉松赛的人数是去年的一半。
(2) those可代表前面的复数名词，以避免重复。如：
　　His views are close ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to those (=the views) of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近于社会党的观点。
　　Compare Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opin's waltzes with those (=the waltzes) of today. 把肖邦的华尔兹舞曲和今天的华尔兹舞曲比一比。
　　Their objectives ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were not so drastic as those (=the objectives) of the republicans. 他们的目标没有共和党人的那样激进。
(3) that 可代表前句所说的情况。如：
　　Van Gogh suc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceeded in selling only one painting in his life time, and that to his brother. 梵高一生只卖出一张画，这张画还是卖给他哥哥的。
　　We see him w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hen he comes to town, but that isn't often. 他进城时我们就能见到他，不过他不常进城。
　　I knew I was u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seless, and that until I qualified myself to do something. 我知道我百无一用，直到我有资格做一些事情。
(4) that也可用于某些固定的成语中。如：
　　that is 这就是说
　　John is a New ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Yorker, that is, he lives in New York. 约翰是纽约人，这就是说，他住在纽约。
　　that's all 就这些，如此而已
　　—How are you feeling 你觉得怎样？
　　—Fine, a little tired, that's all. 挺好的，只是有点累，如此而已。
　　That's all for today. 今天就讲这些。
　　That's it. 你说对了。
　　That's it. Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u've described exactly what I felt about the film. 你说对了，你正好说出了我对这部影片的感受。
　　that's that 情况就是这样
　　I won't marry Peter, and that's that. 我不会嫁给彼得，情况就是这样。
　　He has said that we can't do it, so that's that. 他说我们不能这样做，情况就是这样。
　　that's to say 这就是说
　　Rupert and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Archie lived together. That is to say, Archie lived in Rupert's room. 鲁帕特和阿基住在一起，这就是说阿基住在鲁帕特的房间里。
　　What's that 你说什么？你……是什么？
　　—What's that 你说什么？
　　—He refuses to come. 他不肯来。
　　What's that you've got in your hand 你手上拿的是什么？
　　(Who) is that ……是谁
　　—Who is that 这是哪位？
　　—That's the managing director. 这是总经理。
　　Do go and see who that is at the door. 去看看门口是谁。
　　注意
　　this和that有时还可以用来表示程度。如：
　　I can only promise you this much. 我只能答应你这么多。
　　Oh, she is not that foolish. 啊，她也没那么傻呀。
　　If it is that bad, we can't use it. 假如它是那么差，我们就不能用它了。
3. such的用法
　　such作为指示代词，在句中可作定语、主语或表语。如：
(1) 作定语。如：
　　We have had such a busy day. 我们今天忙得真够呛。
(2) 作主语。如：
　　Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。
(3) 作表语。如：
　　His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。
F. 疑问代词
　　疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。常见的有：who，whom，whose，what和which。
(1) who是主格，作主语或表语。如：
　　Who has borrowed my pen 谁借了我的钢笔？
　　—Who is that girl 那女孩是谁？
　　—She's my cousin. 她是我表妹。
　　Who do you think is the best player this year 你认为今年谁是最佳运动员？
(2) whom是宾格，作宾语或介词的宾语。如：
　　Whom do you mean by them 你说他们是谁？
　　Whom are you writing to 你在给谁写信？
　　You saw whom 你见到谁了？
　　在口语中可用who代替whom。如：
　　Who did you choose for the team 你们选了谁参加这个队？
　　Who did you dance with 你和谁一起跳舞的？
　　—I'm writing a letter. 我在写信。
　　—Who to 给谁写？
　　与介词连用时，只能用宾格whom。如：
　　To whom did you give it 你把它给谁了？
　　With whom did you go 你是和谁一起去的？
　　To whom shall I speak 我要和谁说呢？
(3) whose是所有格，表示“谁的”，可作主语、表语和宾语。如：
　　[作主语]
　　Whose won the first prize 谁的获得了一等奖？
　　[作表语]
　　Whose is this 这是谁的？
　　[作宾语]
　　Whose are you going to borrow 你准备借谁的？
(4) what和which可在句中作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。如：
　　[作主语]
　　What happened 发生了什么事？
　　[作宾语]
　　Which do you prefer 你更愿意要哪一个？
　　[作介词的宾语]
　　Which of them should we rely on 他们中间我们应当依靠谁？
　　what和which与名词连用，可以转化为限定词或定语。如：
　　What things happened after we left 我们离开后发生了什么事？
　　Which seats are ours 哪些是我们的座位？
　　what作表语，表示“职业”。如：
　　What's your father 你父亲是干什么的？
　　注意
　　whoever，whatever是who和what的强调形式。如：
　　Whoever said that 谁说的这个话？
　　Whatever is the matter 到底出了什么事？
　　相关试题解析
　　_____difficulties we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) may come across, we'll help one another to over-come them. (四级题)
　　A. However　　B. Whatever　　C. Wherever　　D. Whenever
　　【选B】 译文：无论我们遇到什么困难，都会相互帮助克服困难。
(5) 这些代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由它们所代表的人或事是单数还是复数来定。如：
　　Who live(s) in this room 谁住在这个房间？
　　What's ('re) on today's agenda 今天日程上有些什么？
　　如果不清楚代表的东西是单数还是复数，则动词多用单数形式。如：
　　—What's on the desk 桌子上有什么？
　　—There are some books on it. 桌子上有些书。
G. 连接代词
　　连接代词指连接主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的代词，包括who，whom，what，where，when，why，how。
(1) 引导主语从句。如：
　　It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
　　It hasn't been announced which side won. 哪边赢还没宣布。
(2) 引导宾语从句。如：
　　I don't know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
　　Ask him which he wants. 问他想要哪一个。
　　Reed began to think about how he should do. 列得开始思考他应当怎样做。
(3) 引导表语从句。如：
　　The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。
　　What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
(4) 连接代词可引起不定式，作宾语或介词的宾语。如：
　　Show me what to do. 告诉我怎样做。
　　I can't decide which to choose. 我不能决定选哪个好。
　　They exchanged vie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws on the question of whom to elect. 他们就该选谁的问题交换了意见。
(5) 有时what的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作用接近于关系代词，可引起从句，表示“the thing which...”，相当于一个“名词+定语从句”。这种what可称为关系代词型的what。用法见下表：
　　作主语：
　　What I say goes! 我说了算。　　　　What will be, will be. 该发生的事总要发生的。
　　作宾语：
　　I can't do what you ask of us. 我不能做你要求我们做的事。
　　He could not express what he felt. 他没法表达内心的感受。
　　作介词的宾语：
　　I don't care about what people call position. 我对人们所谓的地位并不在意。
　　She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他的话感到不快。
　　作表语：
　　Power is what they are out for. 他们追逐的是权力。
　　That's what we should always keep in mind. 这是我们经常要牢记在心的。
(6) 由ever构成的连接代词。
　　who，which，what都可和ever构成连接代词，多引起状语从句，表示“不管……”。如：
　　Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. 不管你是谁都不能从这里通过。
　　Whatever happened, I must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，我都必须镇静。
　　Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢，我都会很高兴。
　　表示“任何……的人(或物)”。见下表：
　　作主语：Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。
　　Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize. 你们中间谁先到谁获奖。
　　作宾语：They could marry whoever they might desire. 他们可以和他们喜欢的任何人结婚。
　　I'll do whatever you wish. 无论你让我做什么事，我都愿意做。
　　作介词的宾语：Give it to whomever you like. 把它送给你愿意送的任何人。
　　I always succeed in whatever I try. 我试图做的任何事总会成功。
　　They may vote in whichever district they choose. 他们可以在他们挑选的任何地区投票。
H. 关系代词
　　关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：who，whom，whose，that，which。这类代词通常起着纽带的作用，即把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来，同时又在从句中担任一个句子成分。如：
　　The man wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om I bought it from told me to oil it. 卖它给我的人告诉我要给它擦油。 (whom修饰the man，在从句中作from的宾语)
　　He that would eat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the fruit must climb the tree. 想吃果子的人就得爬树。 (that修饰he，在从句中作主语，代表he)
　　Keith is no lon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger the man that he was. 凯斯已经不是过去的那个凯斯了。 (that指the man，在从句中作表语)
　　I know a g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irl whose father is working at that steel mill. 我认识一个女孩子，她父亲在那个钢铁厂工作。 (whose指代the girl's，在从句中作定语)
1. who,whom和whose
(1) who和whom代表人，who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语。如：
　　He is a good physician who cures himself. 能给自己治病的医生是好医生。
　　I wanted to fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd someone with whom I could discuss music. 我想找一个能和我谈音乐的人。
　　She had been th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e one person whom I looked for guidance. 她是我唯一能寻求指点的人。
　　在作从句中的宾语且该从句是定语从句时，则whom常可省略。如：
　　I've just met a lady (whom) I saw last week. 我刚才碰到一位我上星期见到过的女士。
　　This is the man (whom) I gave it to. 我就是把东西拿给这个人的。
　　在介词后只能用whom。如：
　　The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 和我谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。
　　This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。
(2) whose表示“(某人)的”，在从句中作定语。如：
　　The men whose hou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses were damaged will be compensated. 房子被损坏的人将得到赔偿。
　　The girl whose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )umbrella you took is very angry about it. 你拿了这个女孩的伞，她为此很生气。
　　whose还可指动物或无生命的东西。如：
　　The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。
　　It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛，名字我忘了。
　　相关试题解析
Beer is the most p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opular drink among male drinkers,______overall consumption significantly higher than that of women. (四级题)
　　A. whose　　B. what　　 　　C. so　　　　D. as
　　【选A】 译文：啤酒最受男性饮酒者的欢迎，男性在啤酒上的消费总量远远超过女性。
2. that和which
(1) that可代表人或东西，它在从句中作宾语时，常常可以省略。如：
　　They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。
　　Those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。
　　Ellen has everything (that) she could wish for. 爱伦想要的东西全有了。
　　相关试题解析
The hou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs______the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.(四级题)
　　A. in which　　B. on which　　C. when 　　 D. that
　　【选D】 译文：毫无疑问，孩子们花在与电视中人物的单向关系上的时间，影响了他们与现实生活中人的关系。
(2) which只能代表东西或动物，它在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略。如：
　　Fiona lives in the h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouse which (that) is opposite ours. 菲奥纳住在我们对面的那栋房子里。
　　The dog which was lost has been found. 丢失的狗找到了。
　　That is the house (which) we built. 那就是我们盖的房子。
　　Have you anything (which) you'd like to sell 你有什么东西想卖吗？
(3) which也可用在从句中作介词的宾语。如：
　　This is a su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能会长时间争论的问题。www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　注意
　　在这种从句中，只有which可以跟介词，that则不可以。如果which不跟介词，则通常可换为that，也可以省略。如：
　　This is the house (which / that) I went into. 这就是我进去过的那座房子。
　　The chair (w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hich / that) you are sitting on is an antique. 你坐的这把椅子是一件古董。
　　who，that，which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有相似之处，也有不同之处。通常情况下，代表人时多用who或whom；代表东西时多用that，有时也用which；在跟介词时只能用which，不能用 that。在从句中作宾语时，这些关系代词常可省略。
I. 不定代词
　　不明确指代某个人、某个事物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。英语中的不定代词有：all，each，every，both，either，neither，one，none，little，few，many，much，other，another，some，any，no等，还有一些由some-，any-，every-，
no-与-one，-body，-thing构成的合成不定代词。
　　这些不定代词多数都能作主语、宾语、表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语或定语，但代词none和以上所说的合成不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，而every和no只能作定语。
1. 合成不定代词
(1) somebody，someone，anybody，anyone
　　somebody和someone表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“某人”。肯定句中用somebody，someone，否定句及疑问句中用anybody和anyone。其用法如下：
　　作主语：
　　There is somebody in the room. 房里有人。
　　Someone has opened the letter. 有人把这封信拆开了。
　　Has anyone / anybody anything more to say 还有谁有话要说吗？
　　作宾语或介词宾语：
　　If you don't know the answer, ask somebody / someone. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　如果你不知道答案可以问人。
　　I saw somebody / someone pass, but I don't know who it was.
　　我看见有人经过，但不知是谁。
　　somebody还可表示“有出息的人”。如：
　　“Don't you want you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r son to become somebody ”said the boss. 老板说：“你难道不想你儿子有出息？”
　　相关试题解析
　　_____in the of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fice had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience. (六级题)
　　A. Someone　　B. Some　　 　　C. Anyone 　　 　　D. One
　　【选A】 译文：办公室有人出错，公司对于给顾客带来的不便表示遗憾。
　　anybody和anyone表示“任何人”。用法如下：
　　作主语。如：
　　Anybody / An ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yone will tell you where the bus stop is. 任何人都可以告诉你公共汽车站在哪里。
　　Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。
　　作宾语或介词的宾语。如：
　　We don't have to be dependent on anybody / anyone. 我们不必依靠任何人。
　　That was t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he first encouragement he had ever received from anyone. 这是他从别人那儿得到的第一次鼓励。
　　可用它的所有格作定语。如：
　　I like his music more than anybody's music. 我喜欢他的音乐胜过任何人的音乐。
(2) everybody，everyone，everything
　　everybody和everyone表示“人人”，everything表示“一切”，这些代词都是单数。其用法为：
　　作主语。如：
　　I can't read or write and everyone cheats me. 我不识字，人人都骗我。
　　Everyone laughed, me included. 大家都笑了，我也笑了。
　　Everything goes well with me. 我一切都很顺利。
　　作宾语。如：
　　In a small village everybody knows everybody also. 在一个小村子里，人们相互都认识。
　　Edwin told everyone that he was a lord. 艾德文告诉大家他过去是个贵族。
　　I've forgotten everything I learnt at school. 我把在学校里学的东西全忘了。
　　everything可作表语。如：
　　Money isn't everything. 金钱不是一切。
　　I think that's everything. 我想就这些。
　　everybody和everyone可用于所有格。如：
　　Everybody's business is nobody's business. 众人负责等于没人负责。
　　相关试题解析
　　I agree with most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of what you said, but I don't agree with_______.(高考题)
　　A. everything　　　　B. anything　　　　C. something　　D. nothing
　　【选A】 B项为完全否定； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )D项为双重否定；C项不用于否定。everything与not连用，则是部分否定。从上句“你说的大部分内容我都同意”可推知下句意思是“但我并非同意你说的一切”，显然是部分否定。
(3) something，anything，nothing
　　 something和anyth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing表示“某物(事)”，something用于肯定句，anything用于疑问句和否定句，nothing表示“没什么”。这三个代词的用法如下：
　　作主语。如：
　　There is something missing. 里面缺了点东西。
　　There isn't anything I can do for you. 我帮不了你什么忙。
　　Nothing could make her alter her views. 没有什么东西能使她改变看法。
　　作宾语。如：
　　I will tell you something of my own experiences. 我想给你谈一些我自己经历的事。
　　I can't do anything like that. 我不能做那样的事。
　　Henry had nothing to say about it. 亨利对此没有话说。
　　作表语。如：
　　It's something to be home again without an accident. 平安无事地回家了，真是幸运。
　　—What's that strange noise 这奇怪的声音是什么？
　　—Don't worry, it isn't anything. 别担心，没事。
　　Oh, that's nothing. 啊，这没什么。
　　注意
　　not anything和nothing的意思一样。如：
　　—Do you know anything about it 你知道什么情况吗？
　　—No, I don't know anything (=I know nothing). 不，我什么也不知道。
　　I haven't got anyth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing more to say (=I have nothing more to say). 我再没有什么话要说了。
　　anything表示“任何东西或事情”。如：
　　I'll do anything for you. 我可以为你做任何事情。
　　You can take anything you want. 你可以拿你想要的任何东西。
(4) nobody，no one
　　nobody和no one表示“没有人”，其用法如下：
　　作主语。如：
　　There's nobody in the room. 房里没人。
　　There was no one / nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这个孩子。
　　作宾语。如：
　　I had no one / nobody to talk to. 我没人可以交谈。
　　I saw nobody in the room. 我在屋里没看到人。
　 nobody还可表示“无关紧要的人”，用作表语或宾语。如：
　　Mr Provey was a nobody. 波维先生是个无关紧要的人。
　　Don't marry a nobody like James. 不要嫁给一个像詹姆斯那样没地位的人。
　　相关试题解析
　　_____can help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by science fiction.
(考研题)
　　A. Everybody　　B. Anybody　　C. Somebody　　D. Nobody
　　【选D】 译文：没有人能不着迷于科幻小说把人带入的科幻世界。
2 . some，any与no
(1) some和any表示不定数量的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词，相当于“一些”，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句及疑问句。它们可以指人或其他可数的东西，也可指不可数的东西，在句中主要作主语或宾语。如：
　　I hadn't any cigarette, so I went out to buy some. 没有香烟了，因此我出去买了一些。
　　Some of the milk has turned sour. 有些奶酸了。
　　Did she give you any 她给了你一点没有？
(2) some，any，no都可作定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，some和any表示“一些”，no表示“没有”，no=not any。它们都是限定词，即形容词，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：
　　Ask some boys to help you. 找几个男孩帮助你。
　　Now you can give me some advice. 现在你可以给我出点主意。
　　There is no fire without some smoke. 无风不起浪。
　　We haven't had any rain for days. 好些日子没下雨了。
(3) any既可作主语也可作定语，均表示“任何一个”。如：
　　Any are at liberty to express his opinion. 任何人都可以自由发表自己的意见。
　　They are all free; take any (of them) you like. 它们是免费的，你可以任意拿取。
　　Any one of the plans will do. 这些计划中的任何一个都行。
　　Come any day you like. 你哪天想来就来。
　　You can buy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this book at any bookstore in our city. 在我们市里你可以在任何书店买到这本书。
　　相关试题解析
　　The medici ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne is on sale everywhere. You can get it at______chemist's.(四级题)
　　A. each　　　　B. some　　　　C. certain　　 D. any
　　【选D】 译文：这种药到处都卖。你在任何一个药店都能买到。
(4) no可表示“没有任何……”。如：
　　Oh, it's no trouble at all. 啊，不麻烦。
　　Time and tide wait for no man. 时不待我。
　　在修饰表语时，no有时有特殊的意思：
　　I'm no singer. 我不善于唱歌。(比较：I'm not a singer. 我不是一个歌唱家)。
(5) some有时也可用在疑问句中，表示说话者希望对方给予肯定的回答、邀请或料想对方会作出肯定的回答，也可表建议。
　 some用于表示请求中：
　　I have run out of p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rinting paper. Will you get me some 我的打印纸用完了，你能给我找点儿吗？
　　I bought a cheese cake. Will you have some 我买了奶酪饼，你要不要吃点儿？
　　相关试题解析
　　There's______cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get______ (高考题)
　　A. little; some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　　B. little; any　　 C. a little; some　　D. a little; any
　　【选A】 little表示否定内容，修饰不可数名词。some用于表示征询意见并希望得到肯定回答。
　　some用于反问句中：
　　—Where are the stamps 邮票在哪儿？
　　—Aren't there some in that drawer 那个抽屉里不是有吗？
　　—Lend me some money. 借点钱给我。
　　—Didn't he give you some 难道他没给你一点？
(6) some与可数名词的单数形式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )连用，表示“某一个”，相当于“a certain”，常暗含不认识、不知道、不感兴趣、不重视等意思。如：
　　We'd better go to some hotel. 我们最好到一家旅馆去。
　　Some day I'm going to take a long motor trip. 将来某一天我要骑摩托车作一次长途旅行。
　　3. many，much，little，a little，few，a few
　　这几个代词都是表示数量的，many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，much表示“多”；few，little表示“少”。many，few修饰可数名词；much，little修饰不可数名词。
(1) many表示“许多”，用来修饰可数名词，它在句中既可充当名词，也可充当形容词，还可和too，so等词连用。如：
　　Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。
　　Many have been asked, but few are able to answer. 问了很多人，但很少有人能够回答。
　　I never saw so many swans on the lake. 我从未见过湖上有这么多的天鹅。
(2) much表示“多”，用来修饰不可数名词，它在句中既可充当名词，也可充当形容词，也可与too，so等词连用。如：
　　Do you have much money left 你剩的钱多吗？
　　The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多葡萄酒。
　　So much money has been wasted. 那么多钱浪费掉了。
　　Much remains to be done. 还有很多工作要做。
(3) few表示“很少”，修饰可数名词。如：
　　Few words are best. 少说话最好。
　　There were few people in the streets. 街上人很少。
(4) a few表示“几个”，修饰可数名词。如：
　　Could I have a few words with you 我能和你说几句话吗？
　　I still have a few things to pack. 我还有几样东西要包装。
(5) little表示“很少”，修饰不可数名词。如：
　　Gino could get little help from them. 基诺不能从他们那里得到什么帮助。
　　Jane had little affection for him. 简对他没有什么感情。
(6) a little表示“一点”，“有些”。如：
　　A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解是危险的事情。
　　Mamie had a little conversation with me. 玛米和我谈了一会儿话。
　　相关试题解析
　　—What do you usually do after dinner
　　—I usually listen to______music.(高考题)
　　A. little　　　　B. few　　　　C. a few　　　　D. a little
　　【选D】 译文：——你饭后通常做什么？
　　 ——我通常听听音乐。
4. all，each和none
(1) all作代词，表示可数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的人、事物或不可数的事物，分别译为“所有的(人)”和“一切”。all也可作同位语，后面跟一个定语从句。如：
　　It's all for one and one for all. 这就是人人为我，我为人人。
　　Grasp all, lose all. 什么都抓，什么也抓不住。
　　Take it all. 把这全拿走。
　　 That's all I want to say. 我要说的话就这些。
(2) all 作定语，表示“所有的”或“整个的”，也可与某些名词连用作表语。如：
　　 All money is spent. 所有的钱都花光了 。
　　We worked hard all year. 我们整年都努力工作。
　　 Isaac was all eye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s as the train sped through the country. 火车驶过田野时艾萨克凝神注视。
　　相关试题解析
　　_____ballet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet. (托福题)
　　A. All of　　　　B. Of every　　C. All　　　　D. Every
　　【选C】 译文：所有的芭蕾舞演员都要掌握胳膊和脚的五种基本位置。
(3) all也可用在all day( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )整天)，all night(整夜)，all the year round (整年)，all day long (一天到晚)，all this (所有这些)，all the time (一直)等词组中。
　　注意：
　　all可用作副词。如：
　　She was all covered with dust. 她身上尽是尘土。
　　I was all wrong. 我全错了。
　　My hands are all wet. 我的手全湿了。
　　相关试题解析
　　I had to buy__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___these books because I didn't know which one was the best.(高考题)
　　A. both　　　　B. none　　　　C. neither　　D. all
　　【选D】 信息词the best表达的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是三者及以上的概念，所以只有none和all可以考虑；再根据代词的使用规则：none后面不可以接指示代词these。　　
(4) each作代词，表示“每一个(人)”，用作可数名词的单数形式，可作主语、宾语和同位语。如：
　　Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个小伙子走了进来，每人提着一只箱子。
　　Bill gave two to each. 比尔给了每个人两个。
　　I fine you each five dollars. 我罚你们每人五美元。
(5) each作定语，称为限定词或形容词。如：
　　Brant went to see her each afternoon. 布兰特每天下午都去看她。
　　Each boy gets a prize. 每个男孩得了一份奖。
　　I try to put by a little each week. 我每星期存一点钱。
(6) none常指可数的东西，表示“没有一个(人)”，在句中作主语、宾语和同位语。如：
　　[作主语]
　　—How many books are there on the table 桌上有几本书？
　　—None. 一本也没有。
　　[作宾语]
　　—How many fish did you catch 你捕到多少鱼？
　　—None. 一条也没捕到。
　　[作同位语]
　　We are none of us under any obligation to do it. 我们谁都没有义务这样做。
(7) none可指不可数的东西，表示“一点也不”，在句中作主语或宾语。如：
　　[作主语]
　　None of the money was ever recovered. 这笔钱一点也没找回来。21*cnjy*com
　　[作宾语]
　　She had none of her brother's beauty. 她弟弟的美她一点也没有。
(8) none作主语时，如果谈论所有人的情况，动词多用复数形式；如果谈论每个人的情况，则用单数形式。如：
　　None of us are perfect. 我们谁也不是完人。
　　None of them like it. 他们谁也不喜欢它。
　　None of us has got a bike. 我们谁也没有自行车。
　　None of them has had that kind of experience. 他们没有一个人有过这样的经历。
5. both，either，neither
　　这三个词都指两个人或两样东西。
(1) both指“两人(两者)都”，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如：
　　[作主语]
　　Both of them wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e men of the highest position in England. 他们两人都是英国地位最高的人。
　　[作宾语]
　　I wish both of you well. 我希望你们俩都好。
　　[作同位语]
　　I took photographs of them both. 我给他们两人都照了相。
　　[作定语]
　　Angus has bought both her books. 安格斯把她的两本书都买了。
　　That was the trouble with both his children. 他两个孩子都有这问题。
　　注意：
　　both和and可构成连词。如：
　　Both she and myself were pleased with the result.她和我自己对结果都感到满意。
(2) either表示“两者中的任何一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个”，可作主语、宾语和定语，either作主语时后面通常跟谓语动词的单数形式，在口语中如后面有复数名词，也可跟谓语动词的复数形式。如：
　　[作主语]
　　Either of the plans is equally dangerous. 两个计划中的任何一个都存在同样的危险。
　　Are either of the boys ready 两个男孩都准备好了吗？
　　[作宾语]
　　You may take either of the roads. 两条路你走哪一条都行。
　　[作定语]
　　You may go by either road. 你走哪条路都行。
　　Either one will suit me. 哪个对我都合适。
　　相关试题解析
　　—There's coffee and tea, you can have______.
　　—Thanks.(高考题)
　　A. either　　　　B. each　　　　C. one　　　　D. it
　　【选A】根据语境，这里应用代词either表示“两者中的任何一个 / 种”，其他各项不合语境要求。
(3) neither表示“两者中哪个也不”，在句中可作主语、宾语和同位语。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，有时也可用复数形式。如：
　　[作主语]
　　Neither of my friends has come yet. 我的两个朋友都还没来。
　　[作宾语]
　　If you run aft ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er two hares, you will catch neither. 如果你同时追赶两只野兔，就哪一只也抓不住。
　　[作同位语]
　　They've neither of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两个谁也没赢得她的信任。21·cn·jy·com
　　相关试题解析
　　I made a call to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ______of them answered it.(高考题)
　　A. either　　　　B. none　　　　C. neither　　D. nobody
　　【选C】either表示“两者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中哪一个都不”；none多用于泛指(或是一定范围内的确指)，这个范围用其后接的“of+名词或代词(三个以上)”来表示；nobody用于泛指(或是一定范围内的确指)，其后不能接of。
6. the other/others，another
(1) the other / others表示“另外那个(些)”，是指定的一个或一些，可用于可数或不可数名词，作主语或宾语。如：
　　What I say to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) him goes in at one ear and out at the other. 我的话他是一只耳朵进，另一只耳朵出。
　　This book of his d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oesn't approach his others in quality. 他的这本书在质量上赶不上他的另外那几本。
(2) others表示“别人”“其他人”。如：
　　Some like mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lk chocolate, others prefer plain chocolate. 有些人喜欢奶油巧克力，其他的人则喜欢不带奶油的巧克力。
　　Joan thinks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )only of others' good. 琼只想到别人的优点。　　Show me some others. 再拿一些别的给我看。
(3) other作定语，表示“另外的”“别的”“其他的”。如：
　　There are other ways of doing this exercise. 还有别的办法做这个练习题。
　　I'm busy now. Please come at some other time. 我现在很忙，请找另外的时间来。
(4) another表示“另一个”，用于非限定情况。如：
　　There was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rainbow in the sky, and another in his heart. 天上有一道彩虹，他心里则有另一道。
　　Lynn had forwarded another of your letters to Kunt. 林恩把你的另一封信转给了昆特。
(5) another作定语，是限定词或形容词，表示“另一(个)”“又一(个)，再”。如：
　　There is another way of looking at the question. 还可以用另一种方法来考虑这个问题。
　　Have another cup of tea. 再喝一杯茶。
(6) another可和某些数词连用，表示“还”“再”等。如：
　　I've got another three minutes. 我还有三分钟。
　　Where shall we be in another ten years 再过十年我们会在哪里呢？
7. every
(1) every是“每一个”的意思，只能作定语。如：
　　Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。
　　They helped us in every way. 他们从各方面帮助我们。
(2) every可与body，one，thing等词构成合成代词，主要用作主语、宾语、表语等。如：
　　[作主语]
　　Everybody is interested in the subject. 谁对这个问题都有兴趣。
　　[作宾语]
　　You can't please everybody. 使人人都高兴是办不到的。
　　[作表语]
　　Money isn't everything. 金钱不是一切。
(3) every还可用在eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry little while (每隔一会儿)，every other day (每隔一天)，every three days (每隔两天或每三天)，every fourth week (每隔三周)，every ten miles (每十英里)，every now and then (时时)等词组中。如：
　　Please write on every other line. 请隔行写。
　　The bus runs every five minutes. 汽车每五分钟开一趟。
　　Elections take place every four years. 选举每四年举行一次。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 改正下面句子中的错误。
(1) —May I speak to Betty
　　 —This is her speaking.
(2) —I like classical music.
　　 —I too.
(3) —May I call you Mr John Smith
　　 —Sorry, you can't. Our Americans put our family names last.
(4) The flower is pretty and it's fragrance is sweet.
(5) Alice is not quite himself today. Send for a doctor.
2. 将下面的句子译为汉语。
(1) The box is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about this big.　　
(2) I have a ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om of my own.　　
(3) Which ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e heavier, these or those 　　
(4) He went to some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )city in Europe.　　
(5) Much of the time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was spent on learning.　　
3. 用下面词语的适当形式填空
　　one another; a bit; have; they; others
　　In our class, we e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach (1)______a pet. Most students look cats or dogs as (2)______pets. Li Lei likes his dog very much. The dog called Dahuang follows him everywhere. Fu Di's pet is a black cat. He often sleeps in bed with the cat. But I don't like dogs or cats. I keep a parrot. It's easy to look after. It eats (3)______food every day and can find our home easily without (4)______help if goes away. It is one of our family members. All the family members should love (5)______.
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) The book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is of great value.______can be enjoyed unless you digest it.
　　A. Nothing　　 B. Something　　C. Everything　　 D. Anything
(2) The in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )formation on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than_____in the newspaper.
　　A. it　　　　 B. those　　　　 C. one　　　　 D. that
(3) —Which driver was to blame
　　—Why,_____! It w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as the child's fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.
　　A. both　　 B. each　　　　 C. either　　　　 D. neither
(4) We had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have_____one this month.
　　A. the other B. some　　　　 C. another　　 D. other
(5) I appreciat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e_____if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
　　A. that　　　 B. it　　　　 C. this　　　　 D. you
(6) Catherine bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ught a postcard of the place she was visiting， addressed______to______and then posted it at the nearby post office.
　　A. it; her　　 B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it; herself　　 C. herself; her　　 D. herself; herself
(7) If I can help_____, I don't like working late into the night.
　　A. so　　　　 B. that　　　　 C. it　　　　 D. them
(8) ______worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
　　A. This　　　 B. That　　　　 C. What　　　　 D. It
(9) ______felt funny watching myself on TV.
　　A. One　　　 B. This　　　　 C. It　　　　 D. That
(10) As the busie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st woman in Norton, she made_____her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.
　　A. this　　　 B. that　　　　 C. one　　　　 D. it
(11) Of all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the books on the desk,______is of any use for our study.
　　A. nothing　　 B. no one　　 C. neither　　　　 D. none
(12) We haven' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t enough books for_____; some of you will have to share.
　　A. somebody　 B. anybody　　 C. everybody　　 D. nobody
(13) I prefer a flat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in Inverness to_____in Perth, because I want to live near my mom's.
　　A. one　　　　 B. that　　　　 C. it　　　　 D. this
(14) You will f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind as you read this book that you just can't keep some of these stories to_____. You will want to share them with a friend. 【版权所有：21教育】
　　A. itself　　　　 B. yourself　　 C. himself　　 D. themselves
(15) He has made a lot of films, but_____good ones.
　　A. any　　　　 B. some　　　　C. few　　　　 D. many
(16) No pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_____.
　　A. others　　 B. the other　　 C. either　　　 D. another
(17) He did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't make_____clear when and where the meeting would be held.
　　A. this　　　　 B. that　　　　 C. it　　　　 D. these
(18) I hear___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.
　　A. quite a lot　 B. quite a few　 C. quite a bit　 D. quite a little
(19) —Victor certainly cares too much about himself.
　　—Yes. He's never interested in what_____is doing.
　　A. no one else　　B. anyone else　　C. someone else　　 D. nobody else
(20) I intend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_____couldn't spare me even one minute.
　　A. they　　　　 B. one　　　　 C. who　　　　 D. it
2. 阅读短文，用适当的词填空，使上下文意思通顺。
Be a Rainbow
　　Do you know a f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )act People you may never know are depending on you—because they have paid for you. Yes, (1)_____have been paid for by people who had no chance even to know your name. Somehow they paid for you—or you wouldn't be here. So, your responsibility is to prepare (2)_____to offer your help for (3)_____else who has just come, or who is yet to come.
　　It is helpful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to realize that you've been paid for. Sometimes when you hear terrible news, you feel so embarrassed that you forget who you really are and forget how (4)_____you do. (5)_____is important to remember how much you do, not so that you can stop, but so that you are encouraged to do more. So, look at all that you do. Take into account what you give to (6)_____family and the society. You must see all (7)_____things so that you can say,“I'm not too bad; however, my work is still cut out for me. I can give more.”
　　It's in our n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ature to give. We should take“being rainbows in the clouds” naturally. We need to understand not only we've already been paid for but also we've the responsibility to pay for (8)_____who are in need of our help.
　　In daily l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ife, I love to hear people laugh. I never trust people who don't laugh. I also like people who love (9)_____. I don't trust people who don't love themselves and yet tell me, “I love you.” It's like the African saying, “Be careful when a naked person offers you a shirt.”
　　In the cours ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of preparing yourself to be a rainbow in the clouds, you need to make (10)_____going for you because the person, who needs you, will come asking for things you may not even know about.
　　
参考答案
　　【基础练习】
1. (1)her—Betty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (2)I —Me (3)Our—We (4)it's—its　　 (5)himself—herself
2. (1)这个箱子大约这么大。　　(2)我有自己的房间。　　(3)哪些比较重，这些还是那些？
　　(4)他去了欧洲某个城市。　　(5)许多时间用于学习。
3. (1)have　　(2)their (3)a bit of (4)others' (5)one another21教育网
　　【能力提升】
1. (1)A (2)D (3)D (4)C (5)B (6)B (7)C (8)D (9)C (10)D　　
　　(11)D (12)C (13)A (14)B (15)C (16)B (17)C (18)B (19)B (20)A
2. (1)you (2)yourself (3)someone (4)much (5)It
　　(6)your (7)these (8)those　　 (9)themselves (10)everything
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)