高中英语语法之6·介词　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·介词
目 录
话说介词
A 介词的分类
根据词形分类
根据意思分类
B 介词的宾语
C 介词的构成
由介词构成的成语动词
介词成语
D 介词短语的作用
作状语
作定语
作宾语补足语
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 6 介 词
话说介词
　　介词又称前置词，它通常置于名词之前，用来表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的结构与其他句子成分的关系。21*cnjy*com
　　介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，只能用在名词、代词或相当于名词的结构之前，与后面的词一起构成介词短语，简称介宾。
A. 介词的分类
1. 根据词形分类
　　从词形上看，介词可分为：
　　类别　　　　 说明　　　　　　 　例证
　　简单介词　　　　 即由一个介词构成 　before，at，of,since...
　　合成介词　　　　 由两个介词组成　 　inside，outside，onto，into,out of...
　　带-ing词尾的介词　 由现在分词构成 　 considering，following，including，regarding21教育名师原创作品
　　成语介词　　　　 由两个词、三个词，甚至四个词合成的介词短语　　
　　 along with，in front of，according to，because of，except for
2. 根据意思分类
(1) 表示时间的介词。如：
　　Prior to her marriage she was a nurse. 结婚前她是一个护士。
　　Around nine o'clock he came back. 九点左右他回来了。
　　The Grand Pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ix is to be held here on the 5th of April. 汽车大奖赛四月五日将在这里举行。
(2) 表示地点的介词。如：
　　Are you going to the post office 你去邮局吗？
　　Sean sometimes runs through the park on weekends. 周末，肖恩有时跑步穿过公园。
　　We went ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und and round the town looking for the hotel. 我们在城里转来转去一直在找这家旅馆。
　　相关试题解析
　　Shenyang lies______the north of Dalian.(中考题)
　　A. in 　　　　B. to　　　　C. on　　　　D. over
　　【选B】译文：沈阳位于大连的北面。
(3) 用于其他意思的介词。如：
　　Jane usually goes to work by bike. 简通常骑自行车上班。
　　In spite of his efforts he failed. 尽管他做了极大的努力，但还是失败了。
　　Brandon arrived late owing to the storm. 由于暴风雨，布兰登迟到了。
　　相关试题解析
　　The boy______a white jacket is waiting at the bus stop.(中考题)
　　A. on　　　　B. in　　　　C. of　　　　D. for
　　【选B】译文：穿白夹克的那个男孩在车站等车。
B. 介词的宾语
　　介词之后出现的名词、代词或其他相当于名词的结构、短语或从句称为介词宾语即介词补足语。能充当介词宾语的主要有：
(1) 名词：
　　They dived into the water. 他们跳入了水中。
　　I wandered round the orchard. 我在果园里转了转。
(2) 代词：
　　There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人。
　　Ashley clasped his hand in both of hers. 艾许莉用双手握住他的手。
(3) 动名词：
　　Steven is keen on fishing. 史蒂文喜欢钓鱼。
(4) 连接副词或连接代词引起的从句或不定式：
　　Think of what I said. 想想我说的话。
　　I'll think over how I can convince them. 我要想一想怎样能说服他们。
　　Thomas gave a lecture on how to improve soil. 托马斯做了一个关于如何改良土壤的报告。
　　 The discussi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on centred on how to increase production. 讨论围绕着如何增产的问题。
(5) 有时在介词后可用另一个介词短语、复合结构或that引起的从句作介词宾语：
　　Zoey won't go home until after the exam. 佐伊要考完试之后再回家。
　　Philip had no objection to Dinny marrying him. 菲利普不反对丁妮和他结婚。
　　Neil has no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) special faults except that he doesn't try hard to learn from others. 尼尔没有什么特殊的缺点，只是他不虚心向别人学习。
C. 介词的构成
1. 由介词构成的成语动词
(1) 动词+介词。如：
　　The miners were digging for gold. 矿工在挖掘找金子。
　　How do you get round this problem 你怎样解决这个问题？
　　The wish to go to California grew upon Miss Lee. 李小姐去加州的愿望越来越强烈。
　　相关试题解析
　　—Victor, your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )radio is too loud. Your partner is writing her composition.
　　—Sorry, Miss Gao. I'll turn it______a little.(中考题)
　　A. on 　　 　　B. up 　　　　 　　C. off 　　　　　　D. down
　　【选D】 turn on 打开； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turn up调高；turn off关掉；turn down调低。根据句子意思，应该用turn down。
(2) 动词+副词+介词。如：
　　The company came out with three new models. 这家公司推出了三种新型号的机器。
　　Not many criminals get away with their crimes. 没有多少罪犯犯了罪而不受惩罚的。
2. 介词成语
　　英语中有大量成语是由介词构成的。如：
(1) at：
at a time 每次　　　　　 at first 最初，开始时　　　at home 在家，随便　　　　
at last 最后 at least 至少　　　　　 at most 至多　　　　
at once 立即；同时　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　　 at present 现在，目前　　at the same time (与此)同时　　　 at times 有时，偶尔　　　 at the time 那时，当时
at all events 无论如何　　 at length 长时间，详尽　　
at large 总体上；逍遥法外 at sunrise 日出时　　　　　　
at sundown / sunset 落日时分
　　相关试题解析
　　John became a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) football coach in Sealion Middle School_______the beginning of March.
(高考题)
　　A. on　　　　 B. for　　　　 C. with　　　　 D. at
　　【选D】at the beginning of“在……的开始”。
(2) by：
　　by accident 偶然　　　　　　 by chance 偶然，碰巧　　
　　by choice 出于自愿　　　　 by day 白天
　　by far 最……(修饰最高级)　　　　 by means of 借助于
　　by mistake 错误地　　　　　　 by surprise 突然攻击；撞见　　　　
　　by the way 顺便说　　　　　　 by oneself 独自
　　相关试题解析
　　We hadn't planned to meet. We met_______chance.(高考题)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　A. of　　　　B. in　　　　C. for　　　　D. by
　　【选D】by chance意指“偶然”。
(3) in：
　　in a row 成一行，一排　 in a sense 从某种意义上说　　　　
　　in all 总共　　　　　　 in case of 万一……　　
　　in conclusion 最后，总之　　　　 in the control of 在……控制之下
　　in fact 实际上　　　　　　 in full 全部地，全文地　　　　　　
　　in one's opinion 在某人看来　　　　in order to (that) 为了……　　
　　in other words 换句话说　　　　 in short 简而言之
　　相关试题解析
　　They have had a good harvest for three years______succession.(考研题)
　　A. on　 B. after　　　　C. at　　　　D. in
　　【选D】in succession 意为“连续”。
(4) on：
　　on average 平均　　 on board 在船上　　 on duty 值班　　　on fire 着火了　　
on foot 步行　 on holiday 在休假 on sale 在出售　　on the way 在路上
on time 准时　　 on top of 在……上面
　　相关试题解析
1. The conference ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has been held to discuss the effects of tourism______the wildlife in the area.(高考题)
　　A. in　　 　　B. on　　　　C. at　　　　D. with
　　【选B】effect...on意为“对……产生影响”。
2. I was_______the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oint of telephoning him when his letter arrived.(四级题)
　　A. to　　　　B. at　　　　C. on　　　　D. in
　　【选C】on the point of“当……的时候”。
(5) out of：
　　out of control 无法控制　　　　 out of breath 气喘吁吁
　　out of danger 脱险　　　　　　 out of date 过时　　
　　out of fashion 不时兴　　　　 out of order 坏了
　　out of sight 看不见了　　　　 out of the question 不可能　　　　
　　out of touch 失去联系　　　　 out of work 失业
(6) 介词与名词之间构成的成语介词：
　　day after day 日复一日地　　　　 year after year 年复一年地　　　　
　　step by step 一步一步地　　　　 one after another 一个接一个地　　
　　face to face 面对面　　　　　　 hand in hand 手牵手地　　
　　day by day 一天一天地　　　　 heart-to-heart 互相交心的
(7) 包含两个介词的成语介词：
　　from beginning to end 从头到尾　　 from bad to worse 越来越糟　　
　　from time to time 不时地 　　　　 from head to foot 从头到脚，浑身
　　from morning to night 从早到晚　　 from place to place 到各地
　　from generation to generation 一代一代地　　
(8) “be+形容词+介词”构成的成语：
　　be fond of 喜欢　　　　　　 be full of 充满
　　be interested in 对……感兴趣　　 be confident in 对……有信心　　
　　be busy with 忙于某事　　　　 be different from 和……不同　　
　　be married to 和……结婚　　　　 be worried about 为……担心
　　be good at 擅长于　　　　　　 be absent from 未出席
D. 介词短语的作用
1. 作状语
(1) 介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。如：
　　Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 水在100摄氏度沸腾。
　　You can see it with your own eyes. 你可以亲自去看看。
　　Why don't we go there by car instead 我们怎么不坐小汽车去呢？
(2) 在“be+形容词”结构后也常可跟介词短语。如：
　　Who is responsible for the project 谁负责这项工程？
　　Spike was eager for a quick cure. 斯派克急着赶快治好。
　　She was quite aware of her current situation. 她很清楚她目前的处境。
(3) 介词短语也可修饰非谓语动词。如：
　　Be careful enough while walking across the street. 过街时务必小心。
　　Some people say it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is unlucky to walk under a ladder. 有人说从梯子下走过去是不吉利的。
　　Have you ever seen the mountain covered in snow 你见过白雪覆盖的大山吗？
2. 作定语
(1) 用介词短语作定语修饰名词。如：
　　There are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many colourful clouds of different shapes. 天空中有很多五彩缤纷形状各异的云朵。21cnjy.com
　　Who is the girl in red 穿红衣服的那个女孩是谁？
　　What are the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )major differences between British and American English 英国英语和美国英语有什么主要差别？2-1-c-n-j-y
(2) 一些介词可构成许多不同的介词短语作定语。如：
　　of
　　Four boys sat on the floor of the living room. 四个男孩坐在客厅的地板上。
　　They admired the beauty of the landscape. 他们欣赏风景的美。
　　a professor of phonetics 语言学教授　　an act of friendship 友好的行动
　　with
　　The lamp with the green shade is alight. 罩着绿色灯罩的那盏灯亮了。
　　I painted a girl with a pigtail. 我画了一个梳辫子的姑娘。
　　a boy with red hair 红头发的男孩
　　a wardrobe with a mirror 带穿衣镜的衣柜
　　in
　　The girl in blue is my cousin. 穿蓝衣服的姑娘是我表妹。
　　Paul was a thinnish man in his forties. 保罗是一个偏瘦的四十多岁的男子。
　　a doctor in economics 经济学博士
　　to
　　Have you found an answer to the question 你找到这问题的答案了吗？
　　her contribution to science 她对科学的贡献
　　resistance to the new law 对新法律的阻力
　　for
　　Their desire for expansion has increased. 他们扩张的野心增强了。
　　a thirst for knowledge 求知欲　　regard for others 对别人的关怀【版权所有：21教育】
　　about
　　That's my idea about friendship. 这是我对友谊的看法。
　　I am glad to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hear news about the progress of your book. 我很高兴听到关于你的书的进展情况的消息。2·1·c·n·j·y
　　an agreement about trade 关于贸易的协议
　　a debate about the question 关于这问题的辩论
3. 作表语
(1) 介词短语常可作表语。如：
　　Anthony was below her in intelligence. 安东尼的智力比她差。
　　That's all beside the point. 这都不关正题。
　　Keith is off cigarettes. 凯斯戒烟了。
　　That's not within my jurisdiction. 这不在我的权限范围之内。
(2) 一些介词可构成许多不同的介词短语作表语。如：
　　at
　　Larry felt at ease and confident in the future. 拉里很安心，对未来充满信心。
　　The country was at peace. 国家处于和平时期。
　　Business was almost at a standstill. 商业几乎陷于停顿。
　　beyond
　　They're beyond the government's control. 它们是政府无法控制的。
　　Good advice is beyond price. 有益的忠告是无价之宝。
　　The scene was beyond description. 景色美得无法形容。
　　in
　　The poor girl was in tears. 可怜的姑娘满脸泪水。
　　Keith had never been in love before. 凯斯以前从来没谈过恋爱。21*cnjy*com
　　Martin was wounded and in pain. 马丁受了伤处于疼痛之中。
　　of
　　I have come to know if I can be of any use. 我来看看我是否能有些用处。
　　The work I am doing is not of much value. 我做的工作没有什么价值。
　　Would that be of benefit to her 那对她有好处吗
　　on
　　The students are on strike. 学生们在罢课。
　　Now I'm on tour in Europe. 现在我正在欧洲旅行。
　　The show is on the air at seven o'clock. 这次演出七点播出。21·世纪*教育网
　　out of
　　Allison knew she was out of danger now. 艾莉森知道她已脱离危险。
　　Andy was feeling out of fun. 安迪情绪不佳。
　　The piano is out of tune. 这钢琴走调了。
　　under
　　Benson has been under the doctor for some weeks. 本森由医生照顾了几星期。
　　My office is under repair. 我的办公室正在装修。
　　I'm under instructions not to say anything. 我奉命保持沉默。www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　相关试题解析
　　The survival of civilization as we know is______threat.(高考题)【出处：21教育名师】
　　A. within 　　　　B. under　　　　C. towards　　D. upon
　　【选B】 under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示“在……情况下”或“遭到”，is under threat相当于is experiencing threat；within的意思是“在……里面、在……以内”；towards的意思是“向、对”；upon可表示“在……后立即”，但不能与threat搭配表示“遭到”之意。
4. 作宾语补足语
　　It has put me a little out of breath. 这使我有点气喘吁吁。
　　I always find her at her studies. 我经常发现她在学习。
　　He always considers himself in the right. 他总是认为自己是对的。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) The old man died______cancer.
　　A. in　　　　 B. for　　　　 C. of　　　　 D. from
(2) Who took my schoolbag______
　　A. by accident　B. by mistake　　 C. with accident　　 D. with mistake
(3) Thanks______the Green Great Wall, we live a happy life.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　A. for　　　　 B. of　　　　 C. on　　　　 D. to
(4) The film started at 8：00. We were______for it.
　　A. on time　　 B. in time　　 C. at time　　　　 D. with time
(5) The train runs fast______the speed of 100 kilometres an hour.
　　A. at　　　　 B. in　　　　 C. for　　　　 D. with
2. 用适当的介词填空。
(1) We should learn______each other.
(2) I've learned the poem______heart.
(3) Zoos are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )terrible places for animals to live in. So I am______building a new zoo in our town.
(4) She'll leave___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___England next week. Maybe she'll get there in two days.
(5) This kind of clothes sells______500 yuan each.21·cn·jy·com
(6) The desk is made______wood.
(7) The children were very happy and they jumped______joy.
(8) A mountain is______(在附近)our village.______(靠近) the village, there is a church. A river is______the church______the village(在……之间). We often jump______the river and swim. When we come______the water, we feel very cool.
(9) Light comes in______the window.
(10) Today is very hot. The temperature is about thirty______zero.
3. 用适当的介词填空，完成下面两篇短文。
A
　　When I was waiting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for my train in the station, I found a boy crying(1)______the corner of the station. I went over and asked, “What's the matter(2)______you ” The boy said, “I lost my money.” Then he told me that both of his parents died.
　　Then he lef ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t home(3)_____his own. He decided to make a living(4)______selling newspapers in the train station. He said he couldn't give(5)_____. He hoped to save some money to go to school. He took money with him every day. But now his money was stolen. He couldn't help crying again. How poor a boy!
B
　　Miss Cao is ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r English teacher. She is a beautiful girl and she always dresses herself (6)______red. And all of her clothes are(7)_____fashion. We call her “supergirl”. One day, she was teaching us to read when she found a boy sleeping with a book (8)______his face. She went(9)______him and touched his head gently and asked, “Did you have a wonderful dream ” “Yes! My dream is to open a clothing shop and I sell only red clothes.” The boy said with a smile (10)_____his face.
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) We drove______the direction of Hangzhou______a high speed.
　　A. to; at　　　 B. in; by　　　　 C. in; at　　　　 D. to; with
(2) The train ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was ten minutes______time. They were surely to catch us.
　　A. after　　　 B. behind　　　　 C. ahead of　　 D. in
(3) Books a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re the most important records we keep______man's thoughts, ideas and feelings.
　　A. up　　　　 B. of　　　　 C. for　　　　 D. on
(4) I've given you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my advice, whether or not you act on it is______to you.
　　A. up　　　　 B. from　　　　 C. on　　　　 D. for
(5) We took it_____granted that he would join us.
　　A. as　　　　 B. for　　　　 C. in　　　　 D. to
(6) The trees in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat thick forest are so close together that there is hardly any room to move______them.
　　A. between　 B. in　　　　 C. among　　　　 D. across
(7) —When did it begin to snow
　　 —It started______the night.
　　A. during　　 B. by　　　　 C. from　　　　 D. at
(8) They were hunting for a person______him_____a stepping stone.www.21-cn-jy.com
　　A. like; as　　 B. like; like　　 C. as; like　　 D. as; as
(9) He______a sum of money every week for his old age.
　　A. sets up　　 B. sets in　　　　 C. sets along　　 D. sets aside
(10) It was just the set of combs that Helen had longed______.
　　A. to　　　　 B. on　　　　 C. after　　　　 D. for
2. 根据短文内容，选择最佳选项填空。
　　Waiting for the air ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked,“Would you mind(1)_____your seat A couple would like to sit together.” The only(2)______seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts(石膏绷带)，a black-and-blue face, and a sad expression. (3)______am I going to sit there. I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help.”Finally, I(4)______to move to that seat. The girl was named Kathy. She(5)_____wounded in a car accident and now was on her way for(6)______. When the snack and juice arrived, it did not take me long to(7)______that Kathy would not be able to(8)_____herself. I considered(9)_____to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too (10)_____to offer a service to a (11)_____. But then I realized that Kathy's need was more (12)_____than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and (13)_____she was uncomfortable about accepting， she (14)_____. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart (15)_____, and the (16)______was really better spent than if I had just sat by myself.
　　I was very glad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I had reached (17)______my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and feed her. Love (18)______flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us (19)______. When we (20)______to serve another, we grow to live in a larger and more rewarding world.
　　(1)A. losing　　　　 B. changing　　 C. taking　　　　 D. giving
　　(2)A. comfortable　　 B. suitable　　 C. available　　 D. favorable
　　(3)A. No problem　　 B. No way　　 C. Nowhere　　 D. No doubt
　　(4)A. decided　　 B. wanted　　　 C. regretted　　 D. promised
　　(5)A. was　　　　 B. would be　　 C. used to be 　　 D. had been
　　(6)A. treatment　　 B. travel　　　 C. pleasure　　 D. business
　　(7)A. know 　　　　 B. say　　　　 C. realize　　　　 D. recognize
　　(8)A. eat　　　　 B. feed　　　　 C. choose　　　　 D. support
　　(9)A. offering　　 B. needing　　 C. stopping　　 D. trying
　　(10)A. impolite　　 B. far　　　　 C. close　　　　 D. fast
　　(11)A. girl　　　　 B. neighbor　　 C. passenger　　 D. stranger
　　(12)A. unusual　　 B. direct　　　 C. important　　 D. shameful
　　(13)A. when　　　　 B. although　　 C. since　　　　 D. as
　　(14)A. refused　　 B. wondered　　 C. cried　　　　 D. did
　　(15)A. had warmed　　 B. had jumped　 C. had broken　　 D. had cheered
　　(16)A. life　　　　 B. money　　　 C. time　　　　 D. energy
　　(17)A. below　　　　 B. through　　 C. across　　　　 D. beyond
　　(18)A. seldom　　 B. never　　　　C. hardly　　　　 D. sometimes
　　(19)A. separate　　 B. independent　 C. silent　　　　 D. upset
　　(20)A. happen 　　 B. stretch　　　 C. wait　　　　 D. continue
参考答案
【基础练习】
1. (1)C (2)B (3)D (4)B (5)A
2. (1)from (2)by (3)against (4)for (5)for (6)of (7)with
　　(8)near; Next to; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) between; and; into; out of (9)through (10)above
3. A (1)in (2)with (3)on (4)by (5)in
　B (6)in (7)in　　 (8)over (9)towards / to (10)on
【能力提升】
1. (1)C (2)B (3)B (4)A (5)B (6)B (7)A (8)A (9)D (10)D　　
2. (1)B (2)C (3)B (4)A (5)D (6)A (7)C (8)B (9)A (10)A　　(11)D (12)C (13)B (14)D (15)A (16)C (17)D (18)D (19)A (20)B
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)