2021-2022学年人教版英语九年级全册_Unit9 SectionA 定语从句专项讲解 （34张PPT）课件

(共34张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
定 语 从 句
定语:是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的，主要有形容词或相当于形容词的词语。the handsome boy ;
定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 She is a beautiful girl.
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面.There is nothing to do today.
The boy in blue is Tom.
The girl who is strong is Mary.
定义：在复合句中，修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
关系词
两个重要专有名词：
关系代词: that,which, who,whom,whose
关系副词: when, where, why
指物：that which
指人：who (主/宾语) that (主\宾语)
whose (定语) whom(宾语)
1）I like a sandwich that is really delicious.
2）He is one of the most popular singers who come from Taiwan.
定语从句中谓语动词的人称与数应与先行词保持一致。
定语从句谓语动词的确定
关系代词that, which引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系词应用that、which. 在定语从句中作主语和宾语.
①I like the dog which /that can watch doors.
②The car which /that my father bought last month is very beautiful.
This is a dream.
The dream will never come true.
This is a dream which \that never come true.
The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.
The dog which was lost has been found.
The book is mine.
The book is lying on the floor.
which / that 作主语. (不能省)
（作主语）
The book which is lying on the floor is mine.
which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）
This is the card.
I’ve just received the card.
This is the card (which / that ) I’ve just received.
Exercise:
This is the mistake which /that I always make.
I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.
I lost the pen which my father bought me.
（作宾语）
这是我经常犯的错误。
我丢掉了我父亲买给我的那支笔。
我一直保留着她写给我的那些信。
只用 which ,不用that 的情况：
1. 关系代词前有介词时。
This is the cage that / which Polly lives in.
= This is the cage in which Polly lives .
in that ( )
= This is the cage where Polly lives.
2. 先行词本身为 that.
The clock is that which tells the time.
3. 在非限制性定语从句中。
His English , which used to be poor , is exellent now.
有时只能用 that 不用 which的情况
当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none,
anything, everything, nothing , everybody,
nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。
That’s all that I know.
Is there anything that I can do for you
He answered few questions that the teacher asked.
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that I can do now.
These are the very words that he used.
4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.
Who is the girl that spoke to you just now
Which is the pen that you lost
5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.
6. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that it was.
Tom is not the boy that it was.
关系代词who, that引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词可用 who, whom, whose, that，
用法区别：
who /that 作定语从句的主语或宾语
whom只能作宾语
whose 作定语
①The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
②The woman who/that my father is talking with is Mrs. Zhang.
whom
who / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is the film star.
The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语)
The boy who broke the window is called Roy.
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday
The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.
/ that
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
The man is a famous writer.
He described the man just now.
The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）
The thief has been sent to prison.
The police caught the thief last night.
Whom 作定从的宾语;介词提前，只能whom.
The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.
1).先行词是 one, ones, anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who.
The ones who study hard will probably get good grades.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall are our friends.
2). 在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
who、that在指人时,可以通用, 但下列 宜用 who, 不用 that
难用的 关系词whose
①The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.
whose =the student’s
②The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose=the house’s
归纳：Whose 的先行词可以是人或物，whose实际上是先行词的所有格，在定从中作定语。
whose 作定语,表示所属关系。
The boy is my classmate.
The boy’s father is a detective.
The boy whose father is a detective
is my classmate.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
小结：
that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.
who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
The girl in a hat is Lucy.
= The girl who / that is in a hat is Lucy.
The cup filled with water was put on the table.
= The cup that / which was filled with water
was put on the table.
介词短语作后置定语与定语从句的互换：
_________________
___________________________
She is one of those women
who
have cars.
定语从句中的关系副词：
when, where, why
归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,关系副词why 指原因，在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间、地点，原因，若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which，why.
关系副词
先行词 关系副词 在定从中充当的成分
时间
名词
地点
名词
when =
at / in / on +which
时间状语
地点状语
where =
at / in / on+which
原因
名词
why = for +which
原因状语
关系副词和先行词的关系
I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like
traveling.
on the day =when
in the house= where
for the reasons =why
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
when 作时间状语:
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day.
She will never forget the day when
(=on which)she was married.
It was the year.
The World War I broke out in the year.
It was the year when (= in which)
the World War I broke out.
When = 介词 + which
where 作地点状语
I want to know the place.
I was born there.
I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.
why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason.
why = for which
That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.
I know the reason why he said it.
where = 介词 + which
Her bag ,in ________ she put all her money,has been stolen.
This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.
Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.
which
which
whom/who
在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。由动词和介词构成的词组，介词通常不提前。 This is the dog which/that should be taken good care of.
词 形 先行词 在句中作用
关
系
代
词 that 人或物 主,宾语
which 物 主,宾语
who 人 主,宾语
whom 人 宾语
Whose(=of whom/ of which) 人或物 定语
关
系
副
词 When(=介词+which) 时间 状语
Where(=介词+which) 地点 状语
Why(=for which) 原因 状语
Summary
1.I’ll never forget the days___________we worked
together.
2.I’ll never forget the days______we spent together.
1.I went to the place I worked ten
years ago.
2.I went to the place _______ I visited ten years ago.
1.This is the reason __________he was late.
2.This is the reason ______________ he gave.
when /
on which
which
where/
in which
which
why/
for which
that/which
几种易混的情况
及物动词
及物动词
及物动词
不及物动词
1) A plane is a machine _____________ can fly.
2) The car ____________my uncle bought last week was stolen.
3) The students __________don’t study hard
will not pass the exam.
4) The woman ___________you saw in
the park is our English teacher.
5) He talked happily about the men and book ______ interested him greatly in the school.
which/that
which/that
who/that
whom/that
that
练习1: 填上适当的关系代词
练习2：用关系代词填空
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle
_______ were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in
front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.
5.Is this the library from you borrow books
that
that
that
that
which
练习3：填上适当的关系词
1. I still remember the day _________ we spent in
the forest.
2. I still remember the day ____________ I first
came to Beijing.
3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.
5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work
on the farm.
6. This is the house ____________ we lived last year.
that/which
when/on which
that/which
where
when/at which
where/in which
Exercises:
1. The radio set _____ has gone wrong.
A. I bought it last week B. I bought last week
C. which I bought it last week
D. what I bought last week
2. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what
C. that all D. all
B
D
3. This is the biggest lab _____ we have ever built in our school .
A. which B. what C. where D. /
4. Is Oxygen (氧气）the only gas _____ helps fire burn
that B. / C. which D. it
A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).
A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which
A
B
D
6. The house ____ we saw at the foot of the hill was built a century ago.
which B. where C. what D. in which
7. Is that the reason _____ you are for the plan.
which B. what C. why D. for that
8. Is this the museum _____ some German friends visited last week.
that B. where C. the one D. in which
9. October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.
A. which B. when C. that D. on that
A
C
A
B
Thank you
very much !