利用10份真题探究完形填空解题技巧 课件（21张PPT）
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| 名称 | 利用10份真题探究完形填空解题技巧 课件（21张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.2MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-17 15:53:31 | ||
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文档简介
(共21张PPT)
三大解题步骤：
1. 通读全文，掌握文章大意
完形填空是一种障碍性阅读，解题时只有通读全文，明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解。通读全文，掌握文章大意的要领是注意文中暗示，努力找出关键词：
(1) 记叙文：时间、地点、人物是关键，抓住故事的线索；
(2) 夹叙夹议：故事线索、作者的观点或立场是关键；
(3) 说明文：所介绍的事物的特征是关键。
2. 瞻前顾后，先易后难
通读全文后，从词义、语法、搭配和语义逻辑等方面反复推敲，选出最佳答案。碰到一时不会的题目，先跳过去，继续往下做，有时前面的空格很有可能要到文章后面才能找到答案。
对于很难确定答案的题目，记得要瞻前顾后，既要结合空格前后句子，又要根据上下文提示的线索，确定答案。有时，四个选项放入句中都通顺，但结合文章主题和上下文提供的信息，就能迅速排除错误选项。
3. 复核全文，消除疏漏
全部题目完成后，须再通读一遍，检查是否前后语义连贯，内容清晰，主题突出。复核过程中但凡有不通之处，必有待推敲的疑点。这时应从语义、语法、语篇的角度仔细权衡，加以核对，从而消除疏漏。对于个别难度较大的题目，可以凭着自己的语感，根据第一感觉选择答案。
五大解题技巧：
完形填空题综合考查学生的语言理解和运用能力。这个题型做得好不好，基本上取决于考生平时积累的词汇的广度和深度，语法水平以及逻辑推理能力。
技巧1：利用上下语义答题
完形填空主要考察词语在相关语境中的运用，因此考生做题时一定要结合文意进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。当题目的四个选项读符合空格的语法要求时，就需要把选项放到特定的语境里进行区分、判断，从而选出正确答案。
真题（2018年全国卷1）
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I _________ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to save a few dollars More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess.
A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
【详解】四个选项都能与the idea of…搭配，此处需要结合语境选出正确答案。根据句中who doesn't want to…a few dollars (谁不想……几美元 )以及I'd always wanted to learn chess. (我一直想要学象棋)，可知作者得知有免费象棋课程时，是很想参加的，故选B项jumped at “迫不及待地接受，欣然接受（机会等）”。put forward “提出”、try out “试验”、turn down “拒绝” （用排除法代入句中均不符合上下文语义）。
2019年Z20卷
We have missed watching each of them grow up; we have missed the normal, ________ households that have young people in them. Our home, while very comfortable, is also very quiet.
A. comfortable B. single C. noisy D. private
【详解】结合上下文语义，我们已经错过了看着他们长大；我们错过了家中有小朋友的那种正常的，……的家庭生活。我们的家，虽然很舒服，但是却太安静了。
while的三种用法：1. 当……时候
2. 虽然
3. 表示对比 （I am doing my homework, while my parents are reading their favorite books.）
2019绍兴卷
When it rains, my mother and I like to sit in the car, neither of us waiting to brave the rain to get to the house. We always have our best__________ in her little blue Honda, watching raindrops race down the windscreen and listening to the rain strike the car roof. I don't know why, but sitting in the car, we always talk more than normal.
A. debates B. conversations C. memories D. comments
【详解】结合上下文语义，我和母亲在下雨天的时候喜欢呆在车里聊天，看着雨滴打在车窗上，听着雨滴敲打车顶。我也不知道为什么，但是在车里我们会比平时聊得多。
技巧2：利用逻辑关系
一个完整的语篇一定有严密的逻辑，而逻辑纽带主要是表示时间与空间、列举与例证、比较与对比、引申与递进、让步与转折、原因与结果等逻辑概念的过渡词组成。抓住这些暗示上下文语义关系的过渡词，解题事半功倍。
真题
For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about playing with their new toys. But their ____soon wears off…
A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
【详解】上一句提到孩子们对玩新玩具很兴奋（are excited about）。连词but表转折，因此本句说的是孩子们对新玩具的兴趣很快消退（soon wears off）。
七彩阳光卷
Here I was at the front desk of the hotel, and those old uninvited guests, fear and worry, were sneaking in. But I _____them just in time. I stood porter. I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.
A. caught B. welcomed C. needed D. inored
【详解】结合逻辑关系来解题。前文讲到：我站在酒店前台，那些不速之客，比如恐惧和担忧，正在悄悄溜进来。连词but表转折。后面提到：我仍是个门卫，我站在我思想的门口，将恐惧打包遣走。
2019金华十校卷
My brother Ken was born with a brain disease. Though Mama was extremely ________, she never babied Ken. She expected him to do whatever we did.
A. loving B. generous C. selfless D. considerate
【详解】结合逻辑关系来解题。前文讲到：我的弟弟Ken出生时就有脑部疾病，空格后讲到母亲从来不娇纵他。根据连词though“虽然”可知，空格所填入的词与“baby”应形成转折的意味。
技巧3：利用固定搭配
答题时通过分析选项单词的用法、固定搭配、习惯表达，这对确定题目答案，巧抢答题时间很有帮助。
真题
Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck. Another time, he_____ a friend money to buy a house.
A. paid B. charged C. lent D. owed
【详解】动词lend常用于lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.的搭配。
pay的搭配：pay sb./ pay for sth./ pay sb. sth. (pay的意思：支付；偿还)
charge的搭配：charge some money for sth. “为某事收取费用” 或charge sb. for sth. “为某事向某人收费” (charge的意思：要价；开价）
owe的搭配：own sb. sth. “欠某人什么东西”
新高考研究卷
_____the years to come I learned something else. Each of us has a special beauty as well. Each of us hs our own unique talents and abilities.
A. With B. As C. Over D. Away
【详解】over the years to come是固定搭配，“在未来的岁月里”。
湖衢丽卷(1模)
Enevry time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a bite until all the dishes we ordered were on the table. Then, she would spend five minutes on_____the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact arranged order.
A. cooking B. washing C. setting D. collecting
【详解】setting the dishes是习惯表达，“把菜摆好”。联想记忆“set the table”
2019嘉兴卷
…the professor asked, “How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding ” Students shouted out answers _______from eight ounces (盎司) to a couple pounds.
A. judging B. ranging C. coming D. transforming
【详解】range from …to 是固定搭配，“从……到……不等”。
技巧4：利用词语复现关系
词语复现指空格处待填的词在空格之前出现过或在空格之后再次出现，可能是待填词的原词、同义词、反义词、近义词或同根词等。
真题（2017年全国卷1）
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this (searching) process and found something that has changed my _____ at college for the better. I discovered ASL—American Sign Language (美式手语)…What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced.
A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion
【详解】本题可用词汇复现原则答题，根据后面的句子unlike anything I had experienced “不像我经历过的其他任何事情”确定B项为答案。空格后的句意为：作者发现了一件让大学学习的经历变得更加美好的事情。
湖衢丽卷(1模)
They find it hard to be confident and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their real life on social media. What they are trying to prove is exactly what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any change to reality, as they still follow the same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life, they should put more effort into achieving it rather than fabricating (伪造) it. Being more confident __________themselves and trying their best to be better is much more meaningful than beautifying their life on social media.
A. identifying B. accepting C. persuading D. amusing
【详解】此题用到了词汇复现中的“原词复现”。上文中的confident和accept和下文中的confident，accept形成了呼应。但是此题难点在于，前文的提示信息离空格太远，需要学生有很强的整体意识，才能快速想到正确答案。
原词复现
2019金华十校卷
Though I often feel I fall short when I compare my_______to hers, it gives me great comfort to know that her spirit is within me, somewhere—preparing me to make “mothering magic” of my own.
A. mothering B. schooling C. sufferings D. belongings
【详解】此题用到了词汇复现中的“原词复现”。整句话意思：虽然当我把自己的母亲精神与她的精神相比，我经常会觉得不够，但是也给了我足够的安慰，让我明白她的精神就在我身体内部的某个地方——让我准备着去实现自己的“母亲魔力”。由词汇复现可知，空格处应填入的是mothering。
技巧5：利用背景常识
完形填空的选材大多有一定的故事情节，这些短文贴近生活，有时甚至渗透文化、历史等知识。考生在做题时，可根据自己的文化背景知识和生活常识做出正确的选择。
Actually Chen's life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for ____.
A.months B. years C. hours D. days
【详解】Chen喜欢拍照，喜欢摆拍。但其实她的真实生活并没有那么美好。比如说洗碗这件事，根据生活常识，她应该是把碗放在水池里好几天不洗。
湖衢丽卷(1模)
真题（2018年6月浙江卷）
So, try filling up your time with other work. This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a _____ person to do it.
A.careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind
【详解】本文讲的是作者在大学的时候养成了“拖延”的坏习惯，后来偶遇一位老同学——他的主业很无聊，副业很赚钱，作者就不解，为什么他不把主业辞掉，专心做副业。对方的回答是，如果主业辞去了，他就会因为“太闲”而有可能养成跟作者在大学里时候一样的坏习惯。所以最后一段，根据文意，并且结合生活实践，我们知道，任务要分配给“忙人”去做才能做得好，“闲人”是办不好事情的。
2019十校联盟
United Hatzalah has a call center staffed entirely by volunteers. When someone calls to tell them of an emergency, they answer it in three_____ or less. Then Beer's technology calculates which volunteer is closest to the scene.
A. days B. hours C. minutes D. seconds
【详解】Beer的这个组织完全是由志愿者充当员工。当有人打电话告知他们有紧急情况时，他们会在……甚至更短的时间内回复。由生活常识可知，3秒内就接电话才能体现出高效，也因此能体现出这个组织的价值。
三大解题步骤：
1. 通读全文，掌握文章大意
完形填空是一种障碍性阅读，解题时只有通读全文，明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解。通读全文，掌握文章大意的要领是注意文中暗示，努力找出关键词：
(1) 记叙文：时间、地点、人物是关键，抓住故事的线索；
(2) 夹叙夹议：故事线索、作者的观点或立场是关键；
(3) 说明文：所介绍的事物的特征是关键。
2. 瞻前顾后，先易后难
通读全文后，从词义、语法、搭配和语义逻辑等方面反复推敲，选出最佳答案。碰到一时不会的题目，先跳过去，继续往下做，有时前面的空格很有可能要到文章后面才能找到答案。
对于很难确定答案的题目，记得要瞻前顾后，既要结合空格前后句子，又要根据上下文提示的线索，确定答案。有时，四个选项放入句中都通顺，但结合文章主题和上下文提供的信息，就能迅速排除错误选项。
3. 复核全文，消除疏漏
全部题目完成后，须再通读一遍，检查是否前后语义连贯，内容清晰，主题突出。复核过程中但凡有不通之处，必有待推敲的疑点。这时应从语义、语法、语篇的角度仔细权衡，加以核对，从而消除疏漏。对于个别难度较大的题目，可以凭着自己的语感，根据第一感觉选择答案。
五大解题技巧：
完形填空题综合考查学生的语言理解和运用能力。这个题型做得好不好，基本上取决于考生平时积累的词汇的广度和深度，语法水平以及逻辑推理能力。
技巧1：利用上下语义答题
完形填空主要考察词语在相关语境中的运用，因此考生做题时一定要结合文意进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。当题目的四个选项读符合空格的语法要求时，就需要把选项放到特定的语境里进行区分、判断，从而选出正确答案。
真题（2018年全国卷1）
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I _________ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to save a few dollars More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess.
A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
【详解】四个选项都能与the idea of…搭配，此处需要结合语境选出正确答案。根据句中who doesn't want to…a few dollars (谁不想……几美元 )以及I'd always wanted to learn chess. (我一直想要学象棋)，可知作者得知有免费象棋课程时，是很想参加的，故选B项jumped at “迫不及待地接受，欣然接受（机会等）”。put forward “提出”、try out “试验”、turn down “拒绝” （用排除法代入句中均不符合上下文语义）。
2019年Z20卷
We have missed watching each of them grow up; we have missed the normal, ________ households that have young people in them. Our home, while very comfortable, is also very quiet.
A. comfortable B. single C. noisy D. private
【详解】结合上下文语义，我们已经错过了看着他们长大；我们错过了家中有小朋友的那种正常的，……的家庭生活。我们的家，虽然很舒服，但是却太安静了。
while的三种用法：1. 当……时候
2. 虽然
3. 表示对比 （I am doing my homework, while my parents are reading their favorite books.）
2019绍兴卷
When it rains, my mother and I like to sit in the car, neither of us waiting to brave the rain to get to the house. We always have our best__________ in her little blue Honda, watching raindrops race down the windscreen and listening to the rain strike the car roof. I don't know why, but sitting in the car, we always talk more than normal.
A. debates B. conversations C. memories D. comments
【详解】结合上下文语义，我和母亲在下雨天的时候喜欢呆在车里聊天，看着雨滴打在车窗上，听着雨滴敲打车顶。我也不知道为什么，但是在车里我们会比平时聊得多。
技巧2：利用逻辑关系
一个完整的语篇一定有严密的逻辑，而逻辑纽带主要是表示时间与空间、列举与例证、比较与对比、引申与递进、让步与转折、原因与结果等逻辑概念的过渡词组成。抓住这些暗示上下文语义关系的过渡词，解题事半功倍。
真题
For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about playing with their new toys. But their ____soon wears off…
A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
【详解】上一句提到孩子们对玩新玩具很兴奋（are excited about）。连词but表转折，因此本句说的是孩子们对新玩具的兴趣很快消退（soon wears off）。
七彩阳光卷
Here I was at the front desk of the hotel, and those old uninvited guests, fear and worry, were sneaking in. But I _____them just in time. I stood porter. I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.
A. caught B. welcomed C. needed D. inored
【详解】结合逻辑关系来解题。前文讲到：我站在酒店前台，那些不速之客，比如恐惧和担忧，正在悄悄溜进来。连词but表转折。后面提到：我仍是个门卫，我站在我思想的门口，将恐惧打包遣走。
2019金华十校卷
My brother Ken was born with a brain disease. Though Mama was extremely ________, she never babied Ken. She expected him to do whatever we did.
A. loving B. generous C. selfless D. considerate
【详解】结合逻辑关系来解题。前文讲到：我的弟弟Ken出生时就有脑部疾病，空格后讲到母亲从来不娇纵他。根据连词though“虽然”可知，空格所填入的词与“baby”应形成转折的意味。
技巧3：利用固定搭配
答题时通过分析选项单词的用法、固定搭配、习惯表达，这对确定题目答案，巧抢答题时间很有帮助。
真题
Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck. Another time, he_____ a friend money to buy a house.
A. paid B. charged C. lent D. owed
【详解】动词lend常用于lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.的搭配。
pay的搭配：pay sb./ pay for sth./ pay sb. sth. (pay的意思：支付；偿还)
charge的搭配：charge some money for sth. “为某事收取费用” 或charge sb. for sth. “为某事向某人收费” (charge的意思：要价；开价）
owe的搭配：own sb. sth. “欠某人什么东西”
新高考研究卷
_____the years to come I learned something else. Each of us has a special beauty as well. Each of us hs our own unique talents and abilities.
A. With B. As C. Over D. Away
【详解】over the years to come是固定搭配，“在未来的岁月里”。
湖衢丽卷(1模)
Enevry time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a bite until all the dishes we ordered were on the table. Then, she would spend five minutes on_____the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact arranged order.
A. cooking B. washing C. setting D. collecting
【详解】setting the dishes是习惯表达，“把菜摆好”。联想记忆“set the table”
2019嘉兴卷
…the professor asked, “How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding ” Students shouted out answers _______from eight ounces (盎司) to a couple pounds.
A. judging B. ranging C. coming D. transforming
【详解】range from …to 是固定搭配，“从……到……不等”。
技巧4：利用词语复现关系
词语复现指空格处待填的词在空格之前出现过或在空格之后再次出现，可能是待填词的原词、同义词、反义词、近义词或同根词等。
真题（2017年全国卷1）
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this (searching) process and found something that has changed my _____ at college for the better. I discovered ASL—American Sign Language (美式手语)…What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced.
A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion
【详解】本题可用词汇复现原则答题，根据后面的句子unlike anything I had experienced “不像我经历过的其他任何事情”确定B项为答案。空格后的句意为：作者发现了一件让大学学习的经历变得更加美好的事情。
湖衢丽卷(1模)
They find it hard to be confident and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their real life on social media. What they are trying to prove is exactly what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any change to reality, as they still follow the same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life, they should put more effort into achieving it rather than fabricating (伪造) it. Being more confident __________themselves and trying their best to be better is much more meaningful than beautifying their life on social media.
A. identifying B. accepting C. persuading D. amusing
【详解】此题用到了词汇复现中的“原词复现”。上文中的confident和accept和下文中的confident，accept形成了呼应。但是此题难点在于，前文的提示信息离空格太远，需要学生有很强的整体意识，才能快速想到正确答案。
原词复现
2019金华十校卷
Though I often feel I fall short when I compare my_______to hers, it gives me great comfort to know that her spirit is within me, somewhere—preparing me to make “mothering magic” of my own.
A. mothering B. schooling C. sufferings D. belongings
【详解】此题用到了词汇复现中的“原词复现”。整句话意思：虽然当我把自己的母亲精神与她的精神相比，我经常会觉得不够，但是也给了我足够的安慰，让我明白她的精神就在我身体内部的某个地方——让我准备着去实现自己的“母亲魔力”。由词汇复现可知，空格处应填入的是mothering。
技巧5：利用背景常识
完形填空的选材大多有一定的故事情节，这些短文贴近生活，有时甚至渗透文化、历史等知识。考生在做题时，可根据自己的文化背景知识和生活常识做出正确的选择。
Actually Chen's life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for ____.
A.months B. years C. hours D. days
【详解】Chen喜欢拍照，喜欢摆拍。但其实她的真实生活并没有那么美好。比如说洗碗这件事，根据生活常识，她应该是把碗放在水池里好几天不洗。
湖衢丽卷(1模)
真题（2018年6月浙江卷）
So, try filling up your time with other work. This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a _____ person to do it.
A.careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind
【详解】本文讲的是作者在大学的时候养成了“拖延”的坏习惯，后来偶遇一位老同学——他的主业很无聊，副业很赚钱，作者就不解，为什么他不把主业辞掉，专心做副业。对方的回答是，如果主业辞去了，他就会因为“太闲”而有可能养成跟作者在大学里时候一样的坏习惯。所以最后一段，根据文意，并且结合生活实践，我们知道，任务要分配给“忙人”去做才能做得好，“闲人”是办不好事情的。
2019十校联盟
United Hatzalah has a call center staffed entirely by volunteers. When someone calls to tell them of an emergency, they answer it in three_____ or less. Then Beer's technology calculates which volunteer is closest to the scene.
A. days B. hours C. minutes D. seconds
【详解】Beer的这个组织完全是由志愿者充当员工。当有人打电话告知他们有紧急情况时，他们会在……甚至更短的时间内回复。由生活常识可知，3秒内就接电话才能体现出高效，也因此能体现出这个组织的价值。