2022届高考英语定语从句 课件 （18张ppt)

(共28张PPT)
定语从句
改错
定语从句在近年高考中的一览表
that which who whom whose where when why
2017 I
II
III
2018 I
II
III
2019 I
II
III
2020 I
II
III
语填
1.【桂柳金卷1 】The work was difficult and challenging , but the students had two teachers ____________helped them.
2. 【桂柳金卷1 改错】I have just been returned from a holiday break, when lasted nearly a week .
3. 【贵港一模】It is hoped that jellyfish mucus will hold the key to a future free of microplastics polluted oceans, __________is a big prize for the cost of a few jellyfish stings.
which
which
that/who
4.【北海一模】When reflecting storytelling from as
far back as the mid-Qing Dynasty, the actors and actress, _________ keep the history of China alive, usually wear fantastic costumes and use wonderful voice.
5. 【信息卷＆ 押题卷四】There are some things that people can do to reduce the amount of damage _________
is left by earthquake.
6. 【信息卷＆ 押题卷四】My grandma, whose seemed
to be full of vivid memories, always shared her stories
with me.
that/which
who
who
语法回顾
1. 什么是定语从句？
2. 定语从句三要素
3. 如何选择恰当的关系词？
4. 只能使用that或which做关系词的情况
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
6. which和as引导的非限制定语从句的区别
7. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做
定语从句，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ”。
引导定语从句的词叫“ 关系词 ”。
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
定语从句
先行词
关系代词
定语从句
2定语从句三要素？
1. Do you know the man who is talking with your mother
2. The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.
3. There was a time when I hated to go to school.
先行词
关系词
从句
定语从句的引导词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语)
that (主语, 宾语)
whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
where (地点状语)
when ( 时间状语)
why (原因状语)
基础知识回顾
3如何选择定语从句恰当的关系词？
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
找到先行词
先行词代指人还是物
从句中缺少什么成分
选定恰当的关系词
一看空前人物时地原 二看空后是否缺主宾
1.The book which / that was on the desk was bought by my father. (主语)
2.The book which / that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）
3.He runs every day, which helps him keep fit.(which指代前面一句话的内容)
关系代词的用法
1. that在定语从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语时，可省略）、表语。可指人或物；指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which，一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.（主语）
2.Do you know the gentleman (that / whom) she spoke to just now
(宾语)
2. which指物；在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (主语)
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. （宾语）
关系代词who, whom, whose, as的用法
who 主格，在从句中作主语，只可指人
whom 宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人
whose 在从句中作定语，后要跟名词，可指人也可指物
4. as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
I like the students who / that work hard.（主语）
She is the girl whom you saw in school.（宾语）
I’d like a room whose window faces south. (定语，指物）
I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
关系副词when, where, why的用法
注意：高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有stage, case, position, atmosphere, situation, point, occasion, activity等。
1. when 指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time, day, week, year, month等
2.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。
The house where he lives is near the river.
3. why 指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语, 可用for which来代替。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。
Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.
1. 【2020新课标Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almost lifelike.
2. 【2019·新课标I卷·改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
whose
when
3.【2019·新课标III卷 】They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
who
4.【2019·新课标III卷· 改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
5.【2018·新课标I卷· 改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
that/which
where/in which
6.【2018·新课标I卷 】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______________showed
a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes .
7. 【2018·新课标II卷 】The Chinese Ministry of
Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ____________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
that/which
that/which
8.【2018·新课标II卷 】Many westerners _____________
come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
that/who
9. 【2020新课标I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
where
“介词+关系代词”的引导定语从句
1. The topic about which we are talking is quite meaningful.
2. I will never forget the spring of 2020, during which I have to stay at home and learn online.
3. We shouldn't spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.
4. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.
关系代词怎么选； 介词怎么确定？
1. 看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配
It was a prison ________ which no one escaped.
He was generous with his time, _________which I was grateful.
2. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配；
I’ll never the day ________ which she said goodbye to me.
可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断。
Is that the newspaper ________ which your father wrote articles
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,介词的选择
介词+关系代词：which(指物) whom (指人)
地点介词 in / at / on.. + which = where
时间介词 in / on / during…+ which = when
原因介词 for + which = why
for
on
for
from
只用that引导的定语从句的情况
用法 例句
1. 不定代词（如everything, nothing, anything, all, much, few, little等）做先行词时 Is there anything that you don't know
2. 先行词被all, every, any, no, little, much等词修饰时 All the people that we invited are coming.
3. 先行词前有序数词，数词，形容词最高级时 It's the first time that my mother left home.
只用that引导的定语从句的情况
用法 例句
4. 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the one修饰时 He is the only person that is for you.
5. 先行词既有人又有物时 She told me many interesting things and person that I had never heard.
6. 当主句时以which 或 who开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that you went to the park with
7. 关系代词在从句中做表语时 You are not the girl that you used to be.
只用which的情况
用法 例句
1. 引导非限制性定语从句 The house, which has a history of 500 years, is very famous.
2. 当关系代词之后有插入成分时，只能用which。 I have received your letter which, as I have told you, was being expected by me.
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中， 只能用which指物。 This is a tree in which there is a bird.
as引导的定语从句
1) as引导限制性定语从句
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
My mother bought me the same pen as I lost yesterday.
2) as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，在从句中做主语或宾语
As is known to all, Edison invented the electric lamp.
Edison invented the electric lamp, as is known to all.
当先行词被 the same, such, as, so 修饰时，从句的引导词要用as
1. However, having struggled , I failed in getting up, _____is expected.
2. …Eve didn't go to the lecture that afternoon, ______made me feel very sorry for her.
as
which
which 和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1. 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的;同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词。
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
（同位语从句）
（定语从句）
2. 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等；同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系。
The news that they won the match is true.
The news that you told us yesterday is true.
（同位语从句，news 和从句没有逻辑关系）
（定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语）
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
3.定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导;同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导。
Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.
Do you know the place where he was born
（同位语从句）
（定语从句）
引导词前面的名词是对应的时间，地点，原因，则为定语从句；
引导词前面的名词不是相应的时间，地点，原因，则为同位语从句
This is the factory where my father worked.
I have a question where your father worked.
（定语从句）
（同位语从句）
2.【2020新课标Ⅲ卷】Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
that
1. 【2020新课标II卷】thank you for your letter, what really made me happy .
which
3. 【2019·新课标II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________
she opened with her late husband Les.
which
5.【2020江苏高考 】Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
which
4.【2020天津高考 】Dr. Rowan, _________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
whose