人教版（2019）必修二Unit 1 Culture Heritage单元重点知识检测（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修二Unit 1 Culture Heritage单元重点知识检测（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-18 17:02:13 | ||
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Unit 1 Culture Heritage
一、阅读理解
1. If it had not been for Fan Jinshi and her team，the world cultural heritage at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in a remote Chinese desert might have long been destroyed by sand, weather or humans.
Born and raised in Shanghai, Fan has spent half a century fighting an uphill battle to preserve the ancient Buddhist wall painting at Dunhuang, in Northwest China s Gansu Province. The 1,651-year-old Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are a huge collection of Buddhist art—more than 2,000 buddha figures and 45,000 square meters of paintings spread among 735 caves. It is China's first UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Archaeologist Fan was sent to Dunhuang after graduation from Peking University in 1963. While in Dunhuang, a remote village in the desert then, Fan lived in an abandoned temple. At firsts she did not even dare to go out to the toilet at night. To protect the treasures from sand and dampness, Fan and other workers put doors on the caves, planted trees and started monitoring temperature and humidity in the caves. They also controlled the number of visitors.
In the late 1990s, with tourism booming nationwide since national holidays were extended, the local government planned to go public with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, but found Fan firmly in their way. "The heritage would have been destroyed if it had been listed," she said.
Dunhuang Academy has now photographed and cataloged online all the sculptures and paintings. "Despite our efforts to minimize damage, we can't completely stop them from being eroded. But the digital database will last."
Fan was grateful when her husband joined her in Dunhuang in 1986 after 19 years of separation. Her two sons grew up in Shanghai with their aunt. "I have not been a good mother or wife. With regard to my family, I'm full of guilt," she said. Fan, 79, retired two years ago as the director of Dunhuang Academy but continues her efforts as a national political adviser.
1.Which of the following measures didn't Fan Jinshi take to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
A.Opening Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes to the public extensively.
B.Planting trees and stopping the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes being eroded.
C.Picturing and classifying all the sculptures and paintings online.
D.Putting doors on the caves and monitoring temperature and humidity.
2.When was Fan separated from her husband
A. In 1963.
B. In 1967.
C. In 1986.
D. In the late 1990s.
3.The phrase "in their way" in Paragraph 4 means _______.
A.Go to a place.
B.Be in favor of something.
C.Reject something.
D.Give in to something.
4.What kind of person do you think Fan is
A.Considerate and easy-going.
B.kind and intelligent.
C.Humorous and sweet-tempered.
D.Devoted and persistent.
二、七选五
2. The Aswan High Dam was designed to control the Nile River. ① These benefits, however, do not come without a price tag. Hussein M. Fahim, who has been studying the influences of the Aswan Dam since 1963, writes "I view dams as engineering works, supposedly built to serve people; they, of course, have their technical specifications and requirements, but their potential humanistic implications should neither be overlooked nor underestimated." Engineers and governments must carefully balance the benefits and the cost of any new technology. Huge environmental projects such as dams need even more thought and consideration than a new car engine or a faster microprocessor.
The High Dam was actually the second dam at Aswan, the first having been built in 1889. ② Due to the irregular flooding pattern of the Nile river and increased water demands, the dam had to be raised on 2 occasions (1912 and 1933) in order to ensure its continued usefulness and safety. When debates began again over raising the dam a third time, suggestions were made to possibly build a new super dam.
③ The new dam, the Aswan High Damm, was a technical wonder, being 5 kilometres long at its crest, and 1 kilometre thick at its base, and rising 107 metres above sea level. With the dam's hydroelectric capabilities, the Egyptian government tries to obtain the maximum benefits available from every gallon of water that flows down the Nile.
④ When the Aswan Dam was built, Nubia(努比亚) was flooded. The Egyptian government made arrangements for the Nubians to be relocated, but their lifestyle was destroyed. In fact, many of the nomadic(游牧的) tribes(部落) in the area were not warned of the changes that would be happening to the river, which affected their routines in caring for their livestock. More important than the appearance of Lake Nasser, as the northern part of the reservoir created by the dam is known, the Nubians grew crops in small pieces of land along the shore. ⑤ Many people have left the settlements that were created for them and returned to the lake's edge, trying to recreate their lost culture.
Dams, like any other technical "advancement", need to be analyzed not only on the basis of their perceived economic benefits and their dollar cost, but also on their environmental and social influence as well. The question we should consider as we strive to better the world is not "Can we " but "Should we "
A. Although most people would agree the flood control and the electricity the dam provided helped economic growth, the cost of these benefits must also be examined.
B. Those areas are now completely underwater.
C. How to keep the balance between development and protection of the environment remains a problem.
D. It wasn't until Egypt experienced a revolution in 1952 that the political climate allowed the possibility of a new dam to be properly studied.
E. At the time Egypt was controlled by the British and they were interested in increasing irrigation capabilities for cash crops, such as cotton.
F. With the advanced techniques, the construction of a new dam was on the way.
G. The huge dam controls flooding and stores water for times of drought(干旱), it is equipped to provide hydroelectric(水电的) power.
三、完形填空（15空）
3.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It is a blue, cotton shirt. The shirt belonged to my 1 David. On his birthday before he left college, his mother bought him the shirt. 2 I gave him free use of my bike, he let me wear the shirt, occasionally.
We shared the shirt, and as days 3 , we shared more of our 4 . David was in school by scholarships and grants(助学金). He 5 to keep his scholarships, because without even one of them, he would have to 6 and back on the farm. And in David’s home, there was always only enough money to cover the expense. His father died when he was twelve.
At times David also talked about his father. Usually it was late at night, in the dormitory just before bed, and the 7 always ended with tears that flowed from a river of memories and longings: memories of a father suffering from 8 when his son was just a teenager; longings for opportunities to cure his father’s disease missed, because disease does not understand about the 9 between father and son. Nor does it care.
Time passed and we had to say goodbye to each other. After lots of hugging, and words of thanks, we eventually departed. It was on my 10 trip upstairs to our dorm that I saw a package on my bed. I 11 the wrapping paper. It was the blue cotton shirt in a box with a card 12 to it, reading “Thomas, I can’t thank you enough for your 13 . This has been tough years and you have been 14 a friend. Thank you for listening. Thanks for everything.—David”.
I put aside the note, with 15 tears dropping on the shirt. I still have the shirt today, though it has faded and wrinkled with age.
1.A.colleague B.brother C.roommate D.professor
2.A.Because B.Unless C.While D.Even if
3.A.came across B.went by C.ran out D.came up
4.A.victories B.belongings C.scholarships D.stories
5.A.happened B.refused C.struggled D.failed
6.A.turn out B.stand out C.figure out D.drop out
7.A.interview B.discussion C.conversation D.debate
8.A.failure B.depression C.poverty D.illness
9.A.connection B.distance C.difference D.conflict
10.A.first B.last C.next D.second
11.A.touched B.pulled C.removed D.folded
12.A.attached B.applied C.adjusted D.admitted
13.A.guidance B.devotion C.friendship D.mercy
14.A.less than B.other than C.more than D.rather than
15.A.sympathetic B.grateful C.joyful D.moving
四、语法填空
4.The_____ (image) of the moon’s surface were transmitted back to earth and printed out.
5.It is difficult to make a ____________ (compare) with her previous book.
6.When you send a _____ (digital) signed message you are sending your certificate and public key.
7.Scientists can _____ (identity) trends for the future,but accurate predictions are almost impossible.
8.The houses fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists have reconstructed the _____ (roof).
9.She and her family bicycle to work, _____ helps them keep fit.
10.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the future.
11.The man _____ _____ I sat at the meeting has been my friend for life.
12.I’ve studied happiness and well-being, _____ _____ we now know a great deal.
13.Tom stayed with me for two weeks __________ time we learned music together.
14. Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1._______(distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is devoted to 2._______(keep) the art of sugar painting alive.
Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3._______ mine closed down. Li turned 4._______ housing decoration until he 5._______(force) to give that up clue to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.
Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6._______(he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make 7._______(vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8._______(melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9._______(basic) paints animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the sugar cools down, 10._______ appears is a piece of sugar art.
五、书面表达
15.假设你是李华。你和美国笔友David经常有电子邮件往来,相互了解中美学生的学习、生活情况。近期他来信向你了解你们学校学生的体育开展情况请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件,内容包括:
1.你们学校受学生欢迎的体育项目;
2.你所喜欢的体育项目。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
1.答案：1-4 ABCD
解析：1.细节理解题。A项不是保护敦煌的举措，也不是樊锦诗采取的。根据文章第三段和第五段段意得出植树、拍摄并分类这些遗迹、给洞穴安上门，监测温度和湿度，都是保护敦煌的措施。故选A。
2.细节理解题，根据文章最后一段Fan was grateful when her husband joined her in Dunhuang in 1986 after 19 years of separation，可知1986年的19年前是1967年，故选B。
3.词义猜测题。下文"The heritage would have been destroyed if it had been listed," she said.可知"如果这份遗产被列入名录，它早就被毁了。"由此可知她坚决反对当地政府将敦煌莫高窟 公诸于众的计划，"in their way"的意思是"反对某事"，故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章可知樊锦诗放弃照顾家庭，一生守卫敦煌的事迹，可判断出樊锦诗具有奉献的和坚持不懈的精神，故选D。
2.答案：1-5 GEDAB
解析：1.根据上文的信息"The Aswan High Dam was designed to control the Nile River."可知，所谓的控制就是有水灾时蓄水，干旱时放水，故本题选G项。
2.分析上文的信息"the first having been built in 1889"可知，本句应该讨论建设第一个水坝时的情况，故本题选E项。
3.下文的信息"The new dam, the Aswan High Dam, was a technical wonder"涉及新水坝，本句应该和新水坝有关，故本题选D项。
4.下文的信息"When the Aswan Dam was built, Nubia(努比亚) was flooded."表明新水坝对周边产生的影响，这是必须要考虑的，故本题选A项。
5.分析上文的信息可知，新水坝的建成使得Lake Nasser形成，造成当地人耕作的湖边小块土地被水淹没，故本题选B项。
3.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.B; 5.C; 6.D; 7.C; 8.D; 9.A; 10.B; 11.C; 12.A; 13.C; 14.C; 15.B
4.答案：images
5.答案：comparison
6.答案：digitally
7.答案：identify
8.答案：roofs
9.答案：which
解析：句意为:她和她的家人骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为前面整个句子，故填which。
10.答案：to which
解析：先行词为an ancient source of energy, 指物, 根据return to的搭配, 故用to which。
11.答案：with whom
12.答案：about which
13.答案：during which
14.答案：1.distant 2.keeping 3.the 4.to 5.was forced 6.himself 7.varieties 8.melted 9.basically 10.what
解析： 1.考查形容词。后文memory为名词，形容修饰名词，应该使用distance的形容词形式，故填distant。
2.考查非谓语动词。be devoted to"致力于"是固定搭配，to是介词，后跟动词-ing作宾语，故填keeping。
3.考查冠词。此处特指Li所在的矿井关闭之后，他转向房子装修。根据句意可知此处用定冠词the。
4.考查介词。turn to意为"转向;致力于",是固定搭配，故填to。
5.考查时态和语态。根据上文turned可知此处用一般过去时，且谓语force与主语he之间构成被动关系，故填一般过去时的被动语态was forced。
6.考查反身代同。短语 learn/study by oneself自学，可知此处用反身代词，故填himself。
7.考查名词复数a variety 为可数名柯，varieties of/a variety of 意为"多样的"，故用复数形式varieties。
8.考查形容词。sugar为名词，需要形容词修饰，表示“融化的糖”，故填 melted。
9.考查副词。paint为动词，需要副词修饰，故填basically。
10.考查连词。分析句式可知，此处是what引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故使用what。
15.答案：
Dear David,
I'm really glad that you asked about sports in my school, which is a popular topic among the students here. Here's some information for you.The most popular sport in my school is basketball. Not only boys but also many girls will play basketball when they can find time. Second only to basketball is table tennis. As you know, Chinese people are good at ping-pong.As for me,I like badminton best.I started playing badminton in Grade One and have been practicing for almost ten years.
If you want to know more, just tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua
一、阅读理解
1. If it had not been for Fan Jinshi and her team，the world cultural heritage at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in a remote Chinese desert might have long been destroyed by sand, weather or humans.
Born and raised in Shanghai, Fan has spent half a century fighting an uphill battle to preserve the ancient Buddhist wall painting at Dunhuang, in Northwest China s Gansu Province. The 1,651-year-old Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are a huge collection of Buddhist art—more than 2,000 buddha figures and 45,000 square meters of paintings spread among 735 caves. It is China's first UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Archaeologist Fan was sent to Dunhuang after graduation from Peking University in 1963. While in Dunhuang, a remote village in the desert then, Fan lived in an abandoned temple. At firsts she did not even dare to go out to the toilet at night. To protect the treasures from sand and dampness, Fan and other workers put doors on the caves, planted trees and started monitoring temperature and humidity in the caves. They also controlled the number of visitors.
In the late 1990s, with tourism booming nationwide since national holidays were extended, the local government planned to go public with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, but found Fan firmly in their way. "The heritage would have been destroyed if it had been listed," she said.
Dunhuang Academy has now photographed and cataloged online all the sculptures and paintings. "Despite our efforts to minimize damage, we can't completely stop them from being eroded. But the digital database will last."
Fan was grateful when her husband joined her in Dunhuang in 1986 after 19 years of separation. Her two sons grew up in Shanghai with their aunt. "I have not been a good mother or wife. With regard to my family, I'm full of guilt," she said. Fan, 79, retired two years ago as the director of Dunhuang Academy but continues her efforts as a national political adviser.
1.Which of the following measures didn't Fan Jinshi take to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
A.Opening Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes to the public extensively.
B.Planting trees and stopping the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes being eroded.
C.Picturing and classifying all the sculptures and paintings online.
D.Putting doors on the caves and monitoring temperature and humidity.
2.When was Fan separated from her husband
A. In 1963.
B. In 1967.
C. In 1986.
D. In the late 1990s.
3.The phrase "in their way" in Paragraph 4 means _______.
A.Go to a place.
B.Be in favor of something.
C.Reject something.
D.Give in to something.
4.What kind of person do you think Fan is
A.Considerate and easy-going.
B.kind and intelligent.
C.Humorous and sweet-tempered.
D.Devoted and persistent.
二、七选五
2. The Aswan High Dam was designed to control the Nile River. ① These benefits, however, do not come without a price tag. Hussein M. Fahim, who has been studying the influences of the Aswan Dam since 1963, writes "I view dams as engineering works, supposedly built to serve people; they, of course, have their technical specifications and requirements, but their potential humanistic implications should neither be overlooked nor underestimated." Engineers and governments must carefully balance the benefits and the cost of any new technology. Huge environmental projects such as dams need even more thought and consideration than a new car engine or a faster microprocessor.
The High Dam was actually the second dam at Aswan, the first having been built in 1889. ② Due to the irregular flooding pattern of the Nile river and increased water demands, the dam had to be raised on 2 occasions (1912 and 1933) in order to ensure its continued usefulness and safety. When debates began again over raising the dam a third time, suggestions were made to possibly build a new super dam.
③ The new dam, the Aswan High Damm, was a technical wonder, being 5 kilometres long at its crest, and 1 kilometre thick at its base, and rising 107 metres above sea level. With the dam's hydroelectric capabilities, the Egyptian government tries to obtain the maximum benefits available from every gallon of water that flows down the Nile.
④ When the Aswan Dam was built, Nubia(努比亚) was flooded. The Egyptian government made arrangements for the Nubians to be relocated, but their lifestyle was destroyed. In fact, many of the nomadic(游牧的) tribes(部落) in the area were not warned of the changes that would be happening to the river, which affected their routines in caring for their livestock. More important than the appearance of Lake Nasser, as the northern part of the reservoir created by the dam is known, the Nubians grew crops in small pieces of land along the shore. ⑤ Many people have left the settlements that were created for them and returned to the lake's edge, trying to recreate their lost culture.
Dams, like any other technical "advancement", need to be analyzed not only on the basis of their perceived economic benefits and their dollar cost, but also on their environmental and social influence as well. The question we should consider as we strive to better the world is not "Can we " but "Should we "
A. Although most people would agree the flood control and the electricity the dam provided helped economic growth, the cost of these benefits must also be examined.
B. Those areas are now completely underwater.
C. How to keep the balance between development and protection of the environment remains a problem.
D. It wasn't until Egypt experienced a revolution in 1952 that the political climate allowed the possibility of a new dam to be properly studied.
E. At the time Egypt was controlled by the British and they were interested in increasing irrigation capabilities for cash crops, such as cotton.
F. With the advanced techniques, the construction of a new dam was on the way.
G. The huge dam controls flooding and stores water for times of drought(干旱), it is equipped to provide hydroelectric(水电的) power.
三、完形填空（15空）
3.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It is a blue, cotton shirt. The shirt belonged to my 1 David. On his birthday before he left college, his mother bought him the shirt. 2 I gave him free use of my bike, he let me wear the shirt, occasionally.
We shared the shirt, and as days 3 , we shared more of our 4 . David was in school by scholarships and grants(助学金). He 5 to keep his scholarships, because without even one of them, he would have to 6 and back on the farm. And in David’s home, there was always only enough money to cover the expense. His father died when he was twelve.
At times David also talked about his father. Usually it was late at night, in the dormitory just before bed, and the 7 always ended with tears that flowed from a river of memories and longings: memories of a father suffering from 8 when his son was just a teenager; longings for opportunities to cure his father’s disease missed, because disease does not understand about the 9 between father and son. Nor does it care.
Time passed and we had to say goodbye to each other. After lots of hugging, and words of thanks, we eventually departed. It was on my 10 trip upstairs to our dorm that I saw a package on my bed. I 11 the wrapping paper. It was the blue cotton shirt in a box with a card 12 to it, reading “Thomas, I can’t thank you enough for your 13 . This has been tough years and you have been 14 a friend. Thank you for listening. Thanks for everything.—David”.
I put aside the note, with 15 tears dropping on the shirt. I still have the shirt today, though it has faded and wrinkled with age.
1.A.colleague B.brother C.roommate D.professor
2.A.Because B.Unless C.While D.Even if
3.A.came across B.went by C.ran out D.came up
4.A.victories B.belongings C.scholarships D.stories
5.A.happened B.refused C.struggled D.failed
6.A.turn out B.stand out C.figure out D.drop out
7.A.interview B.discussion C.conversation D.debate
8.A.failure B.depression C.poverty D.illness
9.A.connection B.distance C.difference D.conflict
10.A.first B.last C.next D.second
11.A.touched B.pulled C.removed D.folded
12.A.attached B.applied C.adjusted D.admitted
13.A.guidance B.devotion C.friendship D.mercy
14.A.less than B.other than C.more than D.rather than
15.A.sympathetic B.grateful C.joyful D.moving
四、语法填空
4.The_____ (image) of the moon’s surface were transmitted back to earth and printed out.
5.It is difficult to make a ____________ (compare) with her previous book.
6.When you send a _____ (digital) signed message you are sending your certificate and public key.
7.Scientists can _____ (identity) trends for the future,but accurate predictions are almost impossible.
8.The houses fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists have reconstructed the _____ (roof).
9.She and her family bicycle to work, _____ helps them keep fit.
10.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the future.
11.The man _____ _____ I sat at the meeting has been my friend for life.
12.I’ve studied happiness and well-being, _____ _____ we now know a great deal.
13.Tom stayed with me for two weeks __________ time we learned music together.
14. Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1._______(distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is devoted to 2._______(keep) the art of sugar painting alive.
Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3._______ mine closed down. Li turned 4._______ housing decoration until he 5._______(force) to give that up clue to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.
Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6._______(he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make 7._______(vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8._______(melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9._______(basic) paints animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the sugar cools down, 10._______ appears is a piece of sugar art.
五、书面表达
15.假设你是李华。你和美国笔友David经常有电子邮件往来,相互了解中美学生的学习、生活情况。近期他来信向你了解你们学校学生的体育开展情况请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件,内容包括:
1.你们学校受学生欢迎的体育项目;
2.你所喜欢的体育项目。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
1.答案：1-4 ABCD
解析：1.细节理解题。A项不是保护敦煌的举措，也不是樊锦诗采取的。根据文章第三段和第五段段意得出植树、拍摄并分类这些遗迹、给洞穴安上门，监测温度和湿度，都是保护敦煌的措施。故选A。
2.细节理解题，根据文章最后一段Fan was grateful when her husband joined her in Dunhuang in 1986 after 19 years of separation，可知1986年的19年前是1967年，故选B。
3.词义猜测题。下文"The heritage would have been destroyed if it had been listed," she said.可知"如果这份遗产被列入名录，它早就被毁了。"由此可知她坚决反对当地政府将敦煌莫高窟 公诸于众的计划，"in their way"的意思是"反对某事"，故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章可知樊锦诗放弃照顾家庭，一生守卫敦煌的事迹，可判断出樊锦诗具有奉献的和坚持不懈的精神，故选D。
2.答案：1-5 GEDAB
解析：1.根据上文的信息"The Aswan High Dam was designed to control the Nile River."可知，所谓的控制就是有水灾时蓄水，干旱时放水，故本题选G项。
2.分析上文的信息"the first having been built in 1889"可知，本句应该讨论建设第一个水坝时的情况，故本题选E项。
3.下文的信息"The new dam, the Aswan High Dam, was a technical wonder"涉及新水坝，本句应该和新水坝有关，故本题选D项。
4.下文的信息"When the Aswan Dam was built, Nubia(努比亚) was flooded."表明新水坝对周边产生的影响，这是必须要考虑的，故本题选A项。
5.分析上文的信息可知，新水坝的建成使得Lake Nasser形成，造成当地人耕作的湖边小块土地被水淹没，故本题选B项。
3.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.B; 5.C; 6.D; 7.C; 8.D; 9.A; 10.B; 11.C; 12.A; 13.C; 14.C; 15.B
4.答案：images
5.答案：comparison
6.答案：digitally
7.答案：identify
8.答案：roofs
9.答案：which
解析：句意为:她和她的家人骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为前面整个句子，故填which。
10.答案：to which
解析：先行词为an ancient source of energy, 指物, 根据return to的搭配, 故用to which。
11.答案：with whom
12.答案：about which
13.答案：during which
14.答案：1.distant 2.keeping 3.the 4.to 5.was forced 6.himself 7.varieties 8.melted 9.basically 10.what
解析： 1.考查形容词。后文memory为名词，形容修饰名词，应该使用distance的形容词形式，故填distant。
2.考查非谓语动词。be devoted to"致力于"是固定搭配，to是介词，后跟动词-ing作宾语，故填keeping。
3.考查冠词。此处特指Li所在的矿井关闭之后，他转向房子装修。根据句意可知此处用定冠词the。
4.考查介词。turn to意为"转向;致力于",是固定搭配，故填to。
5.考查时态和语态。根据上文turned可知此处用一般过去时，且谓语force与主语he之间构成被动关系，故填一般过去时的被动语态was forced。
6.考查反身代同。短语 learn/study by oneself自学，可知此处用反身代词，故填himself。
7.考查名词复数a variety 为可数名柯，varieties of/a variety of 意为"多样的"，故用复数形式varieties。
8.考查形容词。sugar为名词，需要形容词修饰，表示“融化的糖”，故填 melted。
9.考查副词。paint为动词，需要副词修饰，故填basically。
10.考查连词。分析句式可知，此处是what引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故使用what。
15.答案：
Dear David,
I'm really glad that you asked about sports in my school, which is a popular topic among the students here. Here's some information for you.The most popular sport in my school is basketball. Not only boys but also many girls will play basketball when they can find time. Second only to basketball is table tennis. As you know, Chinese people are good at ping-pong.As for me,I like badminton best.I started playing badminton in Grade One and have been practicing for almost ten years.
If you want to know more, just tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua