(共79张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
情态动词
情态动词主要用以表明说话者对某一动作或状态的态度，主要包括推测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。每个情态动词都有多个意义。
一、can和could
情态动词 用法 例句
can could 表示能力。 Some of us can use the computer now，but we couldn’t last year.
表示客观的可能性。 It will be sunny in the daytime，but it could rain later on this evening.
表示请求和允许。 —Can I go now？
—Yes，you can.
情态动词 用法 例句
can could
表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更婉转。 Could you wait a few days for the money？Could you please show me how I can get to the railway station？
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用于否定句、疑问句和惊叹句中) Can this news be true？It can’t be our headmaster.He’s gone to Beijing.
How can you be so foolish！
特别说明：
1．can表示推测，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，cannot/can’t译为“不可能”。
can用于肯定句时，表达 “理论上的可能性”，即事件或情况可能发生，但并不涉及是否真的会发生。有时指一时的情况，常常译为 “有时会”。
Keith can be really annoying at times.
凯斯有时候的确很令人恼火。
It can be very hot in our city in summer.
我们城市的夏天有时候会很热。
Anybody can make mistakes.
任何人都可能犯错误。
2．could have done表示过去有能力做但未做到。常译为“原本可以做某事”。
I could have passed the exam，but I didn’t.
我本可以通过考试的，但是我没有。
—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
我在纽约时住在一家旅馆。
—Oh，did you You could have stayed with Barbara.
噢，是吗？你本可以与巴巴拉住在一起的。
3．表示许可
(1)征求许可：can和could都可以表示征求许可，但could比can更加迟疑不决，没有把握得到允许或需要委婉表达时，就用could。
Can you help me with this trunk
你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？
Could you give me a hand with this box
你能否帮我搬一下这个箱子？
(2)给予许可：当表示允许别人做什么事时，用can，而不用could。
—Can I use a calculator while at an exam
考试过程中我可以用计算机吗？
—Yes，of course you can.
当然可以。
(3)表示提议和请求：在语气上，could没有can肯定，但听起来更加客气，更含有尊重之意。这种用法常见于陈述句和疑问句中。
Can/Could you make a little less noise，please？I’m trying to work.
我要工作，你能否小声点？
I could/can do the paper work for you，if you are too busy.
如果你太忙，我为你写这些东西。
4．习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分”，“越……越好”。有时cannot可用can never替代。
We can’t thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
对于你为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你都不过分。
You can never be too careful to cross the road.
过马路时怎么小心都不过分。
You can never do the work too well.
这项工作你做得越出色越好。
二、may和might
情态动词 用法 例句
may might 在表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。用May I．..征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常口语中，用Can I．..征询对方意见更为常见。 —Might I use your teleph one？
—Yes，please.
—May/Can I go home
now？
—Yes，you may/can.
情态动词 用法 例句
may might
表示可能性的推测，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意，用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。 It may be true. She may come tomorrow.
He might have some fever.
may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 May you succeed！May you have many more days as happy as this one.
特别说明：
1．表示给予许可时，用may，不用might；may not用来表示拒绝或禁止。
A reader may borrow up to six books at a time.
读者一次可以借多达六本书。
You may not make so much noise here.
不允许你在这里喧哗。
—Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning
明天早上我可以用一下你的自行车吗？
—Yes，you can/may.行，可以。 (否定：No，I’m afraid not.)
不可说：Yes，you could/might.回答允许时，用could/might表委婉是不恰当的。
2．might一般不表示过去，但是在间接引语中可作may的过去式，转述已经给予的许可。
Father said that I might play football before supper.
爸爸说可以在晚饭前踢足球。
3．may和might表示推测时，通常用于肯定句和否定句，may not译为“可能不”。
might不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may表示的可能性(现在或将来的可能性)小一些。
The cause of the accident may never be discovered.
这次事故的原因可能永远查不出。
Peter might phone.If he does，could you ask him to ring later
彼得或许会打电话。如果他打电话的话，能否告诉他晚些时候再打？
4．might have done表示说话人因某人还没做某事而生气或惊奇，常译为“本来可以/可能……的”。
You might have cleaned up before you left!
离开之前你应该收拾一下！
5．may/might as well表示有礼貌的劝告，常译为“还是……的好”。
It’s too late.You might as well not go.
天太晚了，你最好不要走了。
There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed.
没事可做了，我还是睡觉好了。
6．在so that，in order that引导的表示目的的句子里常用may/might，也可用can/could。其中might，could用以表示过去的情况。
We work hard so that we may live a happy life.
我们努力工作以生活得更幸福。
I raised my voice in order that I might be heard clearly.
我提高声音以让别人听得更清楚。
三、must和have to
情态动词 用法 例句
must 表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准”“不应该”“禁止”等意。 You must come to school on time. Everybody must obey the law.
You mustn’t drive so fast in the street.
We mustn’t waste any more time.
在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t。 —Must I come back before ten？—Yes，you must.
—No，you needn’t (don’t have to)．
情态动词 用法 例句
must 表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、想必”，只用于肯定句中。 It must be our head teacher. You must be hungry after a long walk.
There must be a hole in the wall.
情态动词 用法 例句
have
to “必须”“不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。 The film is not interesting.I really must go now. I have to go now，because my mother is in hospital.
情态动词 用法 例句
have
to must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而have to则涉及人称、时态等方面的变化形式。 I had to work hard when I was your age. I will have to learn how to use a computer.
In order to take the exam，we’ll have had to finish the whole book by the end of this month.
两者的否定意义不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”，don’t have to表示“不必”。 You mustn’t go there. You don’t have to go there.
特别说明：
must表示“偏要，偏偏”。这种用法常用于疑问句，偶尔也见于陈述句。If you must(do sth.)如果你非要(做某事)。
Why must you always be so suspicious
你为什么偏偏这么多疑？
—Can I borrow your car，Mum
妈妈，我可以借用一下你的汽车吗？
—If you must.
如果你非借不可那就借吧。
四、shall与should
情态动词 用法 例句
shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，用来征询对方意见或请求指示。 Where shall I wait for you？Shall he come at once？
要他马上来吗？
Shall we start the meeting now？
情态动词 用法 例句
shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告”、“威胁”、“强制”、“允诺”等意思。 You shall do as I say. Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.
告诉他明天他就会有这本书了。
情态动词 用法 例句
shall
用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“就”、“必须”。 The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day，unless accompanied by an adult. 学校制度规定在白天孩子没有成人陪同不允许离开校园。
情态动词 用法 例句
should 作为shall的过去式，用于第一、第三人称，多用在间接引语中，以征求对方意见。 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。
情态动词 用法 例句
should
表示“劝告”、“建议”时，可译为“应该”，此时与ought to同义。还可表达义务、职责等，这种用法往往表示说话者的观点。 You should keep your promise. We should be strict in all our work.
我们应该严格对待我们所有的工作。
You shouldn’t be so careless.
情态动词 用法 例句
should 表示很大的可能性，常译为“按理应该”。 They should be home by now. 他们现在应该到家了。
It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack should be here at any moment.
现在快要七点了，杰克随时会到。
情态动词 用法 例句
should 与why，who，how等连用，表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。 Why should you be so late today？你今天怎么来的这么晚？
I don’t know why you should think that I did it.
我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
情态动词 用法 例句
should 还可以用在if引导的条件从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should加动词原形构成，主句不一定用虚拟语气。 Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. 你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话。
Should I be free tomorrow，I’ll come.
万一我明天有时间，我就过来。
If things should change suddenly，please let me know.
万一情况突变，请通知我。
特别说明：
1．shall用于第一、第三人称，用来征问对方意见或请求指示。
Shall Mr.Smith come to see you
要不要史密斯先生来看你？(征询对方意见)
2．should have done表示“原本应该做某事”而没做，含责备或遗憾之意，此时与ought to have done同义。
You should have invited me to the party yesterday.I had expected you to.
昨天你应该邀请我来参加宴会的。我本预料你会的。
Jim shouldn’t have done all the work within one day.There was still time.
吉姆本不该把那活儿一天全做完的。当时还有时间。
3．should用在in order that，so that，for fear that，in case，lest引导的目的状语从句中。
I took my umbrella so that I shouldn’t get wet.
为了防止淋湿，我带着伞。
五、will与would
情态动词 用法 例句
will 表示“意志”、“意愿”，可用于各种人称。 I will tell you all about it. We’ll help him if he asks us to.
He won’t go.
在疑问句中用于第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。用won’t you加强邀请的语气。 I’m going to the shop after school.Will you go with me？Will you please give him a message when you see him？
Won’t you sit down？
情态动词 用法 例句
will 表示习惯性动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的意思。 Fish will die out of water. He’ll talk for hours if you give him the chance.
would 表示过去时间的“意志”、“愿望”，用于各种人称。 They said that they would help us. I promised that I would do my best.
情态动词 用法 例句
would 委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。指的是现在时间。 Would you like some bananas？I’d like her to be at tomorrow’s meeting.
—Would you like to see a film？
—Yes，I’d like to.(Thanks.I’m afraid I won’t be able to.)
表示过去的习惯动作。 She would sit like that for hours. We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.
情态动词 用法 例句
would 表示预料或猜想，译为“大概，想必是……”。 That would be in spring in 1964. 那也许是在1964年春天的事情。
I suppose the writer would have been about thirty when he published his first work.
特别说明：
would与used to的区别：
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“She would be a quiet girl.”而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不复如此之意，动作或状态都可表示。
He used to be a naughty boy.He used to make a lot of troubles.
他过去是个淘气的孩子，总是惹很多麻烦。
六、ought to否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to，疑问形式是将ought置于主语前。
表示应该做的事情(和should差不多，只是口气稍重一些)或非常可能的事。
You ought to follow your father’s advice.
你应该听从你父亲的意见。
Ought he to go
他该走了吗？
Yes，I think he ought (to)．
是的，我想他该走了。
Humans ought to stop polluting nature.
人类应停止污染大自然了。
特别说明：
1．ought to have done相当于should have done，表示“本该做而实际上未做”的事。
2．should与ought to表示“应该”时的区别：
should表示自己的主观看法，而ought to语气重，含有“按道理应该……”之意，如要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定时一般用ought to。
You should help them with their work.
You are his father.You ought to get him to receive good education.
Ⅰ.阅读下面句子，按照句子结构的语法性和意义连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个最恰当的情态动词
1．Just be patient，you ________ expect the world to change so soon.
答案：can’t
语法专练
2．—I haven’t got the reference book yet，but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry.You ________ have it by Friday.
答案：shall
3．It ________ be quite windy in the north of China，especially in spring.
答案：can
4．Jack described his father，who ____________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strong willed man.
答案：must have been
5．—May I smoke here
—If you ________，choose a seat in the smoking section.
答案：must
6．I’m afraid Mr.Harding ________ see you now.He’s busy.
答案：can’t
7．You ____________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
答案：don’t have to
8．—Could I have a word with you，mum
—Oh dear，if you ________.
答案：must
9．—Good morning，I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah，good morning.You ________ be Mrs.Peter.
答案：must
10．There ________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
答案：shouldn’t
11．I can’t leave.She told me that I ________ stay here until she comes back.
答案：must
12．Why ________ I help him？He’s never done anything for me.
答案：should
13．—Jack took the 8∶30 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
—Really？He ________________ 8∶20 Express.It is much more comfortable and faster to travel by train.
答案：could have taken
14．—________ I invite Jack to the party
—Yes，it’ll be nice if you ________.
答案：Shall；will
15．How ________ I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me
答案：can
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．You ________________________(本应到达) earlier.(arrive)
答案：should have arrived
2．She ________________________(一定擦了) the table，for the table is very clean.(clean)
答案：must have cleaned
3．________________________(你能屏住呼吸) for 5 minutes？(breath)
答案：Can you hold your breath
4．The guide suggested that we ________________________(出发)tonight.(set)
答案：should set off/out
5．You ________________(应该原谅)her，for it is not her fault.(forgive)
答案：should forgive
6．We ________________________(一定不要嘲笑) the old people.(laugh)
答案：mustn’t laugh at
7．Oil ________________(漂浮) on water.(float)
答案：will float
8．She ________________(不可能来了)，for her boss asked her to finish a lot of work today.(turn)
答案：can’t turn up
9．It ________________________(可能是种习俗)．(custom)
答案：may be a custom
10．She __________________________(过去常开别人玩笑) others.(trick)
答案：used to play a trick on
11．(2011年高考北京卷改编)—I don’t really like James.Why did you invite him
—Don’t worry.He ________________(可能来不了)．He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
答案：might not come
12．(2011年高考福建卷改编)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
—I am afraid you ____________(必须)，in case he comes late for the meeting.
答案：must
13．(2011年高考浙江卷改编)—How’s your new babysitter
—We ____________(不可能找到)for a better one.All our kids love her so much.(ask)
答案：couldn’t ask
14．(2011年高考上海卷改编)—I ____________(不必担心)about my weekend.I always have my plans ready before it comes.
答案：needn’t worry
15．(2011年高考辽宁卷改编)If you ________________(一定要走)，at least wait until the storm is over.
答案：must go
Ⅲ.选用合适的情态动词翻译下列句子
1．马克没必要那么匆忙。以最快的速度开车，他早到了半个小时。
______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
2．她的自行车还在这儿，她不可能离开学校。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：She can’t have left school，for her bike is still here.
3．她说：“你肯定弄错号码了，这儿没有叫这个名字的。”
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：“You must have a wrong number.”She said.“There’s no one of that name here.”
4．几天前我本不该对你大喊大叫的。
___________________________________________
答案：I shouldn’t have shouted at you the other day.
5．你不能在这里停车！这里是紧急出口。
___________________________________________
答案：You mustn’t park here！It’s an emergency exit.
6．两小时前你刚吃过午饭，你不可能已经饿了！
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：You can’t be hungry already—you had lunch only 2 hours ago!
7．三月份，我的家乡通常比较温暖，但有时也非常寒冷。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：It’s usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.
8．从煤矿事故中吸取的教训是安全措施如此重要我们再怎么认真对待也不过分。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：The lesson drawn from the coal mine accidents is that safety measures are so important that we can’t take them too seriously.
写作专题突破
突破话题——The Dragon Boat Festival
【写作内容】
世界各国都有许多传统的节日，大多数蕴含着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。其中尤以中国的传统节日特别丰富多彩、文化底蕴深厚，这也引起了很多国外友人的注意。假如你是某中学的学生李华，你的美国笔友Robert给你发来一封电子邮件，想了解一下我们的传统节日端午节，请你根据表格中的提示内容给他写一封电子邮件，向他简单介绍一下端午节。
时间 中国农历五月初五
目的 为了纪念我国古代伟大的诗人——屈原
庆祝活动 吃由糯米(glutinous rice)、肉等和竹叶或芦苇叶(bamboo or reed leaves)做成的粽子，在南方还有龙舟比赛
参考词汇：
农历the traditional Chinese calendar；包，裹wrap
【写作要求】
1．只能使用5个句子来表达全部内容：
2．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总句数。
Dear Robert，
It’s great to receive your email.I’d like to tell you something about the Dragon Boat Festival in my country.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope you’ll come to China and enjoy it if you are free in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
【要点词汇】
1．庆祝，祝贺____________________
2．根据，依据 ____________________
3．中国农历 ____________________
4．纪念 ____________________
5．诗人 ____________________
6．尤其，特别 ____________________
7．包，包裹 ____________________
答案：1.celebrate
2．according to
3．the traditional Chinese calendar
4．in honor of
5．poet
6．especially
7．wrap
【句式结构】
1．龙舟节也叫端午节，是在农历的五月初五。
The Dragon Boat Festival ________________ the Duanwu Festival，
________________________________________ according to the traditional Chinese calendar.
答案：is also called；which is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month
2．端午节是为了纪念我国古代伟大的诗人——屈原。
We ________ the festival ________________ Qu Yuan，________ was a great poet in ancient China.
答案：celebrate；in honor of；who
3．人人都吃由糯米、肉等和竹叶或芦苇叶做成的棕子。
People usually eat zongzi，
____________________ glutinous rice and meat ________ in bamboo or reed leaves.
答案：which is made of；wrapped
【连句成篇】
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear Robert，
It’s great to receive your email.I’d like to tell you something about the Dragon Boat Festival in my country.The festival is also called the Duanwu Festival，which is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the traditional Chinese calendar.It is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.We celebrate the festival in honor of Qu Yuan，who was a great poet in ancient China.
On the Dragon Boat Festival，people usually eat zongzi，a kind of traditional food，which is made of glutinous rice and meat wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves.The festival is also known for dragon boat races，especially in the southern places where there are many rivers and lakes.
I hope you’ll come to China and enjoy it if you are free in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
【名师点评】
1．作者用电子邮件的形式向外国友人介绍了中国的传统节日——端午节。条理比较清楚，既没有逐字翻译，又没有落下要点。
2．大量地使用了一些较为复杂的句式，这些句子既显示了作者扎实的语言功底，也提高了文章的档次。
【佳句背诵】
1．The festival is also called the Duanwu Festival，which is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the traditional Chinese calendar.
2．It is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.
3．We celebrate the festival in honor of Qu Yuan，who was a great poet in ancient China.
课时训练
词语串串练
Carla and Hari decided to buy a book about festivals to learn about their ①origins and ②customs.They would meet at the gate of the biggest bookshop at 2 p．m..Carla ③set off about 1∶30 p．m.，and arrived there twenty minutes later.She waited until 2∶10，but Hari didn’t ④turn up. Carla was angry that Hari didn’t ⑤keep his word.It was ⑥obvious that she was ⑦fooled.
Carla was ⑧weeping when she heard “April ⑨fool！”，which ⑩reminded her of April Fool’s Day.It wasn’t wrong to play tricks on others this day or not necessary for Hari to apologize to her.Seeing her tears，Hari held his breath to stop himself laughing.They spent half an hour choosing a book they wanted.
From the book，they have learnt there are different kinds of festivals and celebrations.Their origins are different，some are religious，some are seasonal，some are in memory of their ancestors or some special people or events.
卡拉和哈利决定去买本关于节日的起源和风俗的书。他们约在下午两点钟在最大的书店门口见面。卡拉一点半就从家里出发了，二十分钟后到了那里。她一直等到两点十分，但哈利还是没出现。卡拉非常生气，因为哈利不守信用。很明显她受骗了。她正在哭泣，突然听到“四月愚人！”，这使她想起了今天是愚人节。
在这一天里愚弄别人是没错的，而且哈利也没必要向她道歉。看见她的眼泪，哈利屏住呼吸，不让自己笑。他们花了半小时挑选了一本想要的书。
从这本书里，他们了解到了很多不同的节日和庆典。它们的起源也不同，有些是宗教上的，有些是季节性的，有些是为了纪念他们的祖先或某些特殊的人或事。他们知道了春节是中国最富有生气而又重要的节日。它经常发生在一月份或二月份，是人们团聚的时候。孩子们盼望着春节，因为他们可以身着盛装，日日夜夜地和别人一起欢度这个节日。但如果父母不允许，他们是不能燃放爆竹的。在除夕之夜，整个国家的人们看起来都似乎疯狂了，沉浸于欢乐之中。
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共62张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点难点探究
速效提能演练
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.Read the text and choose the best answer.
1．What happened to Li Fang on Valentine’s Day
A．His girlfriend said goodbye to him.
B．His girlfriend cheated him.
C．His girlfriend didn’t appear as expected.
D．He didn’t see his girlfriend at all.
2．Why did the manager of the coffee shop turn on the TV
A．Because he knew what Li Fang needed.
B．Because he was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
C．Because he lost his love.
D．Because he wanted to comfort Li Fang.
3．Why couldn’t Niulang follow Zhinü to the Heaven
A．Because he lost his way.
B．Because he lost heart.
C．Because he had to take care of the babies.
D．Because the Milky Way stopped him.
4．Why didn’t Li Fang meet Hu Jin earlier
A．Because Hu Jin didn’t want to see him without a gift.
B．Because Li Fang was watching TV at a coffee shop.
C．Because they waited for each other in different places.
D．Because Hu Jin lied to him.
5．What would be the end of the story
A．Li Fang apologized to Hu Jin.
B．Hu Jin said sorry to Li Fang.
C．They quarreled with each other.
D．They said goodbye to each other.
答案：1～5. CBDCA
Ⅱ.Read the text(P7)carefully and fill in the blanks.
What
happened
to Li Fang Li Fang’s girlfriend Hu Jin had promised to meet him at the coffee shop on Valentine’s Day but failed to 1.____________.
Li Fang felt so heart broken that he decided not to wait for her to 2.____________and drink coffee to forget his sadness.
About
Qiqiao Festival Zhinü from Heaven visited the earth.She met the herd boy Niulang and they 3.____________.
They got married 4.____________ and were very happy.
Hearing about this，the Goddess of Heaven was so 5.____________ that she separated Zhinü from Niulang with 6.____________.
Zhinü was 7.____________，so her grandmother finally allowed her to meet Niulang once a year on 8.____________ of the seventh lunar month.
After
the TV program On the way home，Li Fang threw the 9.____________ away in order not to let them remind him of Hu Jin. Then he heard Hu Jin calling him：She complained that he had made her wait for a long time.
Li Fang thought she wouldn’t 10.____________ him because he had thrown away her Valentine gifts.
答案：1.turn up 2.apologize 3.fell in love 4.secretly 5．angry 6.the Milky Way 7.heart broken 8.the seventh day 9.flowers and chocolates 10.forgive
1You want to ask your mum for permission to go with your friends to the cinema.
你想请求你母亲允许你和朋友一起去看电影。
词汇精研
重点难点探究
品味经典
①Nobody can get into the room without my permission.
没有我的允许，任何人不得进入这个房间。
②The headmaster gave me permission to do this thing.
校长允许我做这件事。
自我探究
permission n．许可；允许。
归纳拓展
③You must get a permit if you want to keep a gun.
如果你想持有一支枪，你必须得到一张许可证。
④Mary’s father will not permit her to stay up late.
玛丽的父亲不允许她熬夜。
牛刀小试
完成句子
据宣布，只有在火势被控制住的时候，居民们才被允许回到家中。
It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________________________________________ to return to their homes.
答案：would the residents be permitted
2She said she would be there at seven o’clock，and he thought she would keep her word.
她说她会在七点到达，他认为她会守信用的。
品味经典
①Thomson is a man worth trusting.He always keeps his word.
汤姆森是个值得信赖的人，他一直很守信用。
②We Chinese people always keep our word.
我们中国人说话是算数的。
归纳拓展
keep one’s word守信用，履行诺言，其反义词是break one’s word，即“失信，食言”。
自我探究
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Everybody was touched ________________(难以用语言表达) after they heard her moving story.
答案：beyond words
(2)He ________________________(留下口信) my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would ________________________(遵守诺言)．
答案：left word with；keep his word
3Well，he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.
好吧，他不想屏息等她来道歉。
品味经典
(1)hold one’s breath
①The boys are holding their breath when they are listening to the old man’s story.
男孩们都屏息听这位老人讲故事。
②How long can you hold your breath
你能屏住气多长时间？
自我探究
hold one’s breath 屏息，屏气。
归纳拓展
③She was out of breath when she arrived at the airport.
当她到达机场时，上气不接下气。
牛刀小试
翻译句子
(1)要是你跑得非常快，你就会气喘吁吁。
________________________________________
答案：If you run very fast，you must lose your breath.
(2)他深吸一口气，跳入水中。
答案：He took a deep breath and jumped into the water.
(2)apologize
品味经典
①We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
本航班延误离境谨致歉意。
②I apologize for what I said.
我为我所说过的话道歉。
自我探究
apologiz(s)e vi. 道歉；辩白。
归纳拓展
③He made a sincere apology to his friends for his being late.
他为自己来晚了真诚地向朋友们道歉。
牛刀小试
用适当的词填空或根据汉语提示完成句子
(3)I must apologize ________ him ________being so rude/my rudeness.
答案：to；for
(4)I ____________________(因……向她道了歉)stepping on her foot.
答案：made an apology to her for
4He would drown his sadness in coffee.
他要用咖啡来解愁。
品味经典
①The man drowned in the well.
那人淹死在井里。
②The man drowned himself in the river.
那人跳河自杀了。
③The great flood drowned many houses.
洪水淹没了许多房子。
④He turned up the radio to drown the noise of the traffic.
他把收音机的音量调大以压过来往车辆的嘈杂声。
自我探究
drown vt.& vi.淹死；淹没；(声音)掩盖。
归纳拓展
(1)drown...in...埋头于……，专心于……
drown one’s sorrows/troubles in drink借酒消愁，使忘掉烦恼
(2)drowning adj.快要淹死的
drowned adj.已淹死的
⑤He drowned himself in work.
他埋头工作。
⑥When Fred lost his job，he drowned his troubles in drink.
弗莱德失业时，他借酒消愁。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)He had attempted to rescue the ________________(溺水的) woman.
(2)She tried to ________________(自杀) in the river.
(3)He ________________(借酒浇愁) in wine.
答案：(1)drowning (2)drown herself (3)drowned his sorrows
(4)汤姆森想要救那个溺水的女孩，不幸的是，自己却淹死了。
Thomson tried to save the ____________ girl in the river，but unfortunately he was ____________.
答案：drowning；drowned
5As Li Fang set off for home，he thought，“I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me...”
李方动身回家，心里想：“我想胡瑾是不爱我了……”
品味经典
①You’d better set off for the station immediately.
你最好立刻动身去车站。
②The villagers set off firecrackers to celebrate the New Year’s coming.
村民们燃放爆竹来庆祝新年的到来。
③His advice set me off doing morning exercises every day.
他的建议使得我每天晨练。
④His answer set all reporters off laughing.
他的回答引起记者们哄堂大笑。
自我探究
set off出发；动身；使爆炸；引起。
归纳拓展
⑤She set about preparing supper.
她着手准备晚餐。
⑥Parents should set a good example to their children.
父母应该为孩子树立好的榜样。
⑦Set down your heavy bags and take a rest.
放下沉甸甸的包裹，休息一下吧。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ________________(把……放在一边) his own work and translated it into German.
答案：set aside
(2)Be careful! The slightest spark(火花)could ________________(燃放) the fireworks.
答案：set off
6“...I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.
“……我不想因它们而想起她来。”于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。
品味经典
①The film reminded me of Paris.
那部电影让我想起巴黎。
②Remind me to get up early tomorrow.
明天早上提醒我早起。
③He reminded me that I must go home before 10 o’clock.
他提醒我10点以前必须回家。
自我探究
remind vt.提醒；使想起。
归纳拓展
remind sb.of/about sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that...提醒某人……；使某人想起……
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Travelers ________________(被提醒) climbing the hill is dangerous.
(2)He ________________(提醒我) take an umbrella along.
(3)The photo __________________(使那老人想起) what he had suffered in the war.
(4)I may forget to return the book unless you ________________(提醒我) it.
答案：(1)are reminded that (2)reminded me to (3)reminded the old man of (4)remind me of
7She would never forgive him.
她恐怕永远不会原谅他了。
品味经典
①He forgives me for losing his notebook.
他原谅我弄丢了他的笔记本。
②I cannot forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died.
母亲临终前我未去看她，为这件事我永远不能原谅自己。
③Tom can’t forgive Mary’s cheating.
汤姆无法原谅玛丽的欺骗。
自我探究
forgive vt.原谅，饶恕。其过去式和过去分词分别为forgave；forgiven。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
我想他一直不曾原谅我那次叫错了他的名字。
I don’t think he has ever ________________________________________________________________________
his name wrong that time.
答案：forgiven me for getting
8“...I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.
“……我不想因它们而想起她来。”于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。
句型巧析
品味经典
①—She is a cute girl.她是个可爱的女孩。
—So she is.确实是。
②—It is very hot today.今天很热。
—So it is.的确如此。
自我探究
So he did.意为“他的确这样做了。”“So＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词”用来表示同意上文所述的内容。意为“的确如此，确实如此”。
归纳拓展
“So＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”这一倒装结构用来表示上文所述的肯定的内容也适用于另一个人或物，意为“……也一样”。
③John likes to listen to music.So do I.
约翰喜欢听音乐。我也喜欢。
④Tom can sing well.So can his sister.
汤姆唱歌唱得很好。他妹妹也一样。
⑤Lucy has finished her homework.So have I.
露西已经做完作业了。我也做完了。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—My room gets very cold at night.
—________(我的也是如此)．
答案：So does mine
(2)The famous singer promised me to come to the party and ________________(的确如此)．
答案：so he did
(3)他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。
They love having lots of friends；________________________________________________________________________
disabilities.
答案：so do those with
译文助读
A SAD LOVE STORY
Li Fang was heart broken.It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.But she didn’t turn up.She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.She said she would be there at seven o’clock，and he thought she would keep her word.
He had looked forward to meeting her all day，and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates，like a fool.Well，he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.He would drown his sadness in coffee.
It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave－he wiped the tables，then sat down and turned on the TV－just what Li Fang needed！A sad Chinese story about lost love.
The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth.Her name was Zhinü，the weaving girl.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(“Just like me and Hu Jin，”thought Li Fang.)They got married secretly，and they were very happy.(“We could be like that，”thought Li Fang.)When the Goddess of
Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human，she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven.Niulang tried to follow her，but the river of stars，the Milky Way，stopped him.Finding that Zhinü was heart broken，her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.
Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day，becase if it is raining，it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.
The announcer said，“This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.When foreigners hear about the story，they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story.It’s a fine day today，so I hope you can all meet the one you love.”
As Li Fang set off for home，he thought，“I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me.I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away.I don’t want them to remind me of her.”So he did.
As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home，he heard a voice calling him.There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling，“Why are you so late？I’ve been waiting for you for a long time！And I have a gift for you！”
What would he do？He had thrown away her Valentine gifts！She would never forgive him.This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day！
一段伤心的爱情故事
李方的心都碎了。这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面的。可她却不见人影。也许她这会儿跟朋友在一起，正在取笑他呢。她说她会在七点到达，他(李方)认为她会守信用的。他一整天都期盼着见到她，而现在他拿着玫瑰花和巧克力独自一人守候着，像个傻瓜一样。他不想屏息等她来道歉。他要用咖啡来解愁。
很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开——他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视机。这正合了李方的意！正在播出的是流传在中国的一个悲伤的爱情故事。
王母娘娘的外孙女下凡来到人间。她的名字叫织女，做纺织活的女孩。她在人间遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。(李方想“这正像我和胡瑾。”)于是他们秘密地结了婚，并且生活得十分幸福。
(李方想，“我们也可以像他们那样幸福的。”)当王母娘娘知道自己的外孙女跟一个世上的凡人结了婚，她勃然大怒，强行把织女带回到天宫。牛郎试图追随上去，却被银河阻挡住了。看到织女伤心欲绝，最后王母娘娘决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。阴历七月初七，喜鹊们会展翅搭桥，让这对恋人过河相会。中国人都希望这天天气晴朗，因为如果碰到下雨，这就意味着织女在哭泣，这对恋人不能见面。
主持人说道：“这就是乞巧节的故事——外国朋友听到这个故事就将它称作中国的情人节。今天天气晴朗，我希望你们都能见到所爱的人。”
李方动身往家走，心里想：“我想胡瑾是不爱我了，把这些鲜花和巧克力都扔了吧。我不想因它们想起她来。”于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。
在回家路上，他神情失落地走过拐角处的一家茶馆，听到有人叫他的名字。那是胡瑾在向他招手，她喊着：“你为什么这么晚才来呢？我一直在这儿等你好久了！这是我送给你的礼物！”
他怎么办呢？他把给她的情人节的礼物都扔了！她恐怕永远也不会原谅他了。这个情人节快乐不起来啦！
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共22张PPT)
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
1．What kinds of festivals in China do you know about
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
答案：The Spring Festival；The Lantern Festival(元宵节)；The Tomb-Sweeping Day(清明节)；The Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)；The Mid-Autumn Festival(中秋节)；The Double Ninth Festival(重阳节)
2. What festivals of foreign countries do you know about
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：Easter；Valentine’s Day；Halloween；Thanksgiving Day；Christmas
Step Two：Fast Reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Festivals have many origins.
B．Festivals are held to honour the dead and famous people.
C．Festivals are held for happy events.
D．Festivals are happy times for people to get together.
答案：A
2．In ancient times，people would
celebrate________.
A．when winter began
B．when winter ended
C．if food was difficult to find
D．during the cold winter months
答案：B
3．Which of the following is NOT the festival to honour the dead
A．The Japanese festival Obon.
B．The Day of the Dead in Mexico.
C．The Western holiday Halloween.
D．Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival.
答案：D
4．Which of the following festivals is not mentioned in the text
A．Columbus Day.
B．Mid Autumn Festival.
C．Easter.
D．Christmas Day.
答案：D
5．What can we infer from the passage
A．People would have feasts，sing and dance at all festivals.
B．People celebrate festivals because they don’t want to work.
C．By celebrating festivals，people are developing the culture and customs.
D．Festivals have only four kinds of origins.
答案：C
Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text carefully again and try to answer the following questions.
1．What are festivals of the dead usually for
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：Festivals of the dead are for honouring or satisfying dead ancestors or others，who some people believe might return to help or harm living people.
2．What makes autumn festivals happy events
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：Autumn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food is ready for the winter and the hard farm work is finished.
3．What do people usually do at Spring Festivals
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：At Spring Festivals，people usually have dances，carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring.
4．What is one important reason to have festivals and celebrations
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：It is important to have festivals and celebrations so we can enjoy life / be proud of our customs / forget our work for a little while.
Step Four：Summary
Festivals and celebrations are common to people all over the world.The following are some examples of different important holidays in many countries.
Some festivals honour the dead or satisfy the 1.____________.For the Japanese festival Obon，people clean 2.____________，light 3.____________，and play music because they
think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In 4.____________ in Mexico，people celebrate the Day of the Dead with food shaped like 5.____________ and cakes with “bones” on them.They offer food，flowers and gifts to 6.____________.
Some festivals honour 7.____________.China has 8.____________ to honour the famous ancient 9.____________，Qu Yuan.
The USA has Columbus Day to celebrate Christopher Columbus’ coming to the New World.India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi，the leader who helped India become 10.____________ from Britain.
Some countries celebrate harvests in the autumn.China and Japan have 11.____________ festivals.
Some festivals are held near the 12.____________ of winter to celebrate the coming of spring.China’s Spring Festival is an important festival for families to celebrate the Lunar New Year together.In some other countries there are exciting 13.____________ with parades，music，dancing and colourful clothing.Finally，Easter is an important 14.____________ festival for Christians around the world to celebrate the return of Jesus from the dead and 15.____________ and new life.
答案：1.ancestors 2.graves 3.incense and lamps 4．early November 5.skulls 6.the dead 7.famous people 8.the Dragon Boat Festival 9.poet 10.independent 11．mid autumn 12.end 13.carnivals 14.religious and social 15.the coming of spring
Step Five：Discussion
Should we，Chinese students，celebrate western festivals like Christmas？Why or why not
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共77张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
1Discuss when they take place，what they celebrate and what people do at that time.
讨论它们(中国节日)在什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么事件，人们在那天做什么事。
品味经典
①In 1919，the May 4th Movement took place in China.
1919年，中国发生了“五四”运动。
②Great changes have taken place in this village.
这个村庄发生了巨大的变化。
词汇精研
③The meeting will take place soon.
会议即将举行。
自我探究
take place“发生；进行”，不及物动词短语，无被动形式。
易混辨析
take place，happen，occur，come about
take place 通常指有计划，或事先安排的事情发生，没有偶然性。
happen 是普通用语，常用来指偶然事件的发生。其后常接不定式或用于“It happens that...”句型，表示“碰巧干某事”。
occur 用法较正式。它可以指偶然事件的“发生”，也可以指一定时间“出现”的一定事情，还可以指抽象事物如思想、想法的“产生”，常用结构sth.occurs to sb.或It occurs to sb.that...表示“某人突然想起某事”。
come about “发生”，多用于解释或说明事情发生的缘由。常与how连用。
④The accident occurred/happened early this morning.
事故发生在今日清晨。
⑤It happened that I was out when you came here.
＝I happened to be out when you came here.
你来时我碰巧出去了。
⑥A good idea occurred to me.
我突然想到一个好主意。
⑦How did this come about
这件事是怎么发生的？
牛刀小试
用take place，happen，occur，come about，break out的适当形式填空
(1)When will our school sports meet ____________？
(2)A terrible traffic accident ____________ last night.
(3)It suddenly ____________ to me that we could use a computer to do the job.
(4)Copenhagen Climate Summit __________ in December 2009.
(5)When the Libya crisis(利比亚危机)________________，China acted quickly by evacuating(撤离)35,860 Chinese citizens out of Libya.
答案：(1)take place (2)happened/occurred (3)occurred (4)took place (5)broke out
2At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.
在那时，尤其是在寒冷的冬季，如果找不到食物，人们就会挨饿。
品味经典
①They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。
②She’s starving herself trying to lose weight.
她为了减轻体重正在忍饥挨饿。
自我探究
starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，极需。
归纳拓展
(1)starve to death饿死
starve to do渴望/急需做某事
starve for...渴望/急需某物
starvation n．挨饿；饿死
(2)渴望得到……
be thirsty for... be hungry for...
be dying for... be eager for...
long for...
牛刀小试
选用上述单词或短语完成下列片段
In Hatti，millions of people are facing (1)________，many people have (2)________ to death and thousands of homeless children are (3)________ for food and love.
答案：(1)starvation (2)starved (3)starving
完成句子
(4)The explorers ________________(饿死)in the desert.
(5)She was anxious for her fiancé and ________________(渴望)any news from him.
(6)What’s for dinner I’m ________________(饿死)!
答案：(4)starved to death (5)starved for (6)starving
3For the Japanese festival Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.
在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。
品味经典
①He wrote a long moving poem in memory of his good friend.
为纪念他的挚友，他写下了一首感人的长诗。
②The library built last year was in memory of the great scientist.
去年建的这个图书馆是为了纪念这位伟大的科学家。
自我探究
in memory of意为“为纪念……”，介词短语，在句子中通常作状语、定语或表语。
归纳拓展
in ＋n.＋of短语
in praise of歌颂
in honour of纪念；为向……表示敬意
in place of代替
in favour of赞同 in support of支持
in charge of负责 in search of寻找
in possession of拥有 in need of需要
③There is a party tonight in honour of our English teacher，Ms.Jane.
今晚有一个为纪念我们英语老师简女士的聚会。
④The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
中国人用筷子代替刀叉(吃饭)。
⑤She was in favor of his going abroad.
她赞成他去国外。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students ________________(需要) financial aid.
答案：in need of
(2)This monument was built ________________(为纪念……) the little hero.
答案：in memory of
(3)(2011年高考湖北卷改编)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________________(更赞成)younger men.
答案：in favour of
4It is now a children’s festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets.
万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮到邻居家要糖吃。
品味经典
①You’d better dress up for the concert.
你最好打扮得正式些去听音乐会。
②She was busy dressing up when we arrived.
我们到的时候她正忙着打扮呢。
③The little girl tried to dress herself up as a fairy.
小姑娘极力将自己装扮成仙女。
④The bride was dressed up in a white wedding dress.
新娘穿上了白色的结婚礼服。
自我探究
dress (sb.) up (in...) (使)穿上盛装；_打扮。
归纳拓展
(1)dress up in...穿……衣服
dress up as打扮成……
dress sb./oneself给某人或自己穿衣服
dress sb.in...给某人穿上……
be dressed in＋衣服/颜色，穿……衣服
dress ＋adv.穿得……
(2)dress n．服装，连衣裙
evening dress晚礼服
⑤The woman dressed in red (skirt) is John’s aunt.
那个穿红裙子的妇女是约翰的姑姑。
⑥The children were dressed up as pirates.
孩子们被装扮成海盗。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)The boy likes________________ his brother’s clothes.
答案：dressing up in
(2)The children ________________ policemen to play a game.
答案：dressed up as
(3)The girl ________________ red today and so she looks more beautiful than ever.
答案：is dressed in
(4)Mother ________________ her baby when the house began to shake.
答案：was dressing
(5)The boy is old enough to ________________ now.
答案：dress himself
5If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.
要是邻居什么糖也不给，孩子们会捉弄他们。
品味经典
①It’s wrong to play a trick on the disabled.
捉弄残疾人是不对的。
②It’s acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st.
4月1日那天和你的朋友开玩笑是可以接受的。
自我探究
play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)孩子们总喜欢调皮捣蛋寻开心。
The children are always up to ________________.
答案：amusing tricks
(2)他骗去了那可怜女孩的钱。
He ________ the poor girl ________________ her money.
答案：tricked；out of
(3)他假装有钱而骗她与他结婚。
He ____________________ him by pretending that he was rich.
答案：tricked her into marrying
6India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi，the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
印度在10月2日有个全国性的节日，纪念莫罕达斯·甘地。他是帮助印度脱离英国而获得独立的领袖。
品味经典
①To his parents’ satisfaction，he gained full marks in English exam again.
令他父母满意的是，他英语考试又得了满分。
②I have gained a lot of friends since I arrived here.
我到这里以后结识了许多朋友。
③My watch gains five minutes a day.
我的表一天快5分钟。
自我探究
gain vt.获得；得到；(钟表等)走快；增加。
归纳拓展
④No pains，no gains.[谚]不劳无获。
易混辨析
get，gain
get 意为“得到；获得；收到”，是常用词，指以某种方法或手段得到某种东西，这种东西可能是需要的或企图得到的，也可能不是。 ⑤Did you get my e mail？你收到我的电子邮件了吗？
gain 意为“收获；获得”，指付出很大努力后获取，含有强有力地夺取之意，还表示增加已有的东西。 ⑥He has gained weight and looked much better. 他胖了，脸色也好看多了。
牛刀小试
用gain，earn，get的适当形式填空
(1)I’m new in the job but I’m already ____________ experience.
(2)Please ____________ me a glass of water.
(3)If you always work like this，how can you ____________ money to support your family
答案：(1)gaining (2)get (3)earn
7Some people might win awards for their farm produce，like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加评选)而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。
品味经典
①She showed us the handwriting awards she had won.
她给我们看她获得的书法奖。
②She won the second award.
她获得了二等奖。
③They awarded John the first prize.
他们授予约翰一等奖。
④The judge awarded him a large sum of money as damages.
法官判给他一大笔伤害赔偿金。
自我探究
award n．奖；奖金；奖品(可数) vt.授予；判定，常用于award sb.sth.( ＝award sth.to sb.)这一结构。
易混辨析
award，prize，reward
award “奖；奖金；奖品”，既可以作名词也可以作动词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。 ⑤He won the award for the best student of the year. 他获得本年度优秀学生奖。
prize “奖赏；奖金；奖品”，多指在各类竞赛、竞争、抽奖或者工作学习中的优胜者获得的奖励，可以是钱也可以是物；作动词，意为“珍视……，对……高度重视”。 ⑥A prize was given to the person who had the winning number. 奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。
reward “奖金；报酬；回报”既可以作名词也可以作动词。指对某人的工作、帮助或服务等的报答或酬金。reward sb.with sth.用……酬谢某人；短语in reward“作为回报”。 他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。
牛刀小试
用award，reward的适当形式填空
(1)The university ________ her a scholarship.
答案：awarded
(2)She started singing to the baby and was ________ with a smile.
答案：rewarded
(3)The government ________ the Olympic winner a large amount of money as an ________.
答案：awarded；award
8China and Japan have mid autumn festivals，when people admire the moon and in China，enjoy mooncakes.
在中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。
品味经典
①We all admired her for her courage.
我们都很佩服她的勇气。
②His cleverness is much admired.
他的聪明才智令人十分羡慕。
③She much admires your works.
她非常欣赏你的作品。
自我探究
admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Jane got up at 7，dressed and made herself up，and then _________________________ (在镜子里自我欣赏) before going to work.
答案：admired herself in the mirror
(2)We ________(钦佩)the old scientist ________ his contribution ________the country.
答案：admire；for；to
9The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富有生气且又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的节日。
品味经典
①I have been looking forward to having a chance to pay a visit to Huangshan.
我一直盼望能有机会去黄山观光。
②The days we had been looking forward to came at last.
我们盼望已久的日子终于到来了。
自我探究
look forward to期望；期待；盼望 。to为介词，后接名词、代词、名词性从句和doing。
归纳拓展
stick to坚持
pay attention to注意
make contributions to为……作贡献
be/get used to习惯于
devote...to致力于
the key to关键是
object to反对
注意：这些词组中的to都是介词，其后要求跟名词、代词或动名词。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Our company ________________ dealing with the disagreement between the company and the customers.
答案：is devoted to
(2)_________________ to solving the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers.
答案：The key
(3)Mr.Reed ________________ setting up some schools for poor children.
答案：made contributions to
10People love to get together to eat，drink and have fun with each other.
人们喜欢聚在一起吃喝玩耍。
品味经典
①I had fun with my friends at the party.
我和我的朋友们在晚会上玩得很开心。
②The children were having a lot of fun with each other.
孩子们一起玩得很开心。
自我探究
have fun with sb.(＝enjoy oneself) 玩得开心。fun是不可数名词，意为“玩笑；有趣的人或事；娱乐；嬉戏”，前面不加冠词。
归纳拓展
③She said it just for fun.
她只是说着玩。
④What fun it is to jump into the river to swim in summer!
夏天跳进河里游泳是多么快乐的事啊！
注意：have fun可客观描述玩得开心的状态，也可用来表示对即将度假旅游的人的祝愿，意为“祝你玩得开心”。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—I’m going to Hainan to spend the holiday.
—____________(尽情地玩吧)!
答案：Have fun
(2)上周末皮特和家人在公园里放风筝，玩得很开心。
Last weekend Peter ________________________________________ with his family ________ kites in a park.
答案：had a great deal of fun；flying
11At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.
在那时，尤其是在寒冷的冬季，如果找不到食物，人们就会挨饿。
句型巧析
品味经典
①The book is easy to understand.
这本书容易理解。
②The problem is difficult to settle.
这个问题难以解决。
③He is hard to work with.
同他共事是很难的。
自我探究
food was difficult to find是一个“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”的句式，在这一句式中，主语food与不定式to find之间在逻辑上是被动关系，但形式上却用主动形式表示被动意义。
归纳拓展
在“sb./sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型中，动词不定式作方式状语，表示某人或某物在某方面所存在的特征。常用于该结构的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，good，comfortable，dangerous等。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2011年高考福建卷改编)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 ______________(拿着更舒服)．
答案：more comfortable to hold
(2)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air ____________(空气闻起来好极了)．
答案：is so good to breathe
12On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.
在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。
品味经典
①She saw a small river with green grass on both sides.
她看到一条两岸长满绿草的小河。
自我探究
with“bones”on them是with复合结构作定语，修饰cakes。
归纳拓展
②He likes to sleep with the window open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
③She came in with a baby in her arms.
她抱着孩子进来了。
④With the problem settled，we went on smoothly.
由于问题得到了解决，我们进展得很顺利。
⑤With a lot of homework to do，Tom didn’t want to go out with me.
因为有许多作业要做，所以汤姆不想和我一起外出。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2010年高考山东卷改编)The living room is clean and tidy，_____________________(餐桌已摆好) for a meal to be cooked.(with)
答案：with a dining table already laid
(2)You have no idea how she finished the relay race ________________________(脚受伤如此严重)．(with)
答案：with her foot wounded so much
(3)The girl ________________________ (背着书包的)is my sister.(with)
答案：with a bag on her back
(4)________________________(所有工作都完成以后)，he went home.(with)
答案：With all the work finished
13The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
(樱花节里)整个国家都是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
品味经典
①It looks as though it is going to rain.
看上去天要下雨。(事实上可能要下)
②It looks as though it were going to rain.
看上去天要下雨。(事实上不下)
③He talks as if he knew all about it.
他说话的口气好像他知道所有的事情。
④He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
自我探究
as though ＝as if “好像，仿佛”，既可以引导表语从句也可以引导方式状语从句。
归纳拓展
as if从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当其所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。
(1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
(2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时(如果从句有过去时间，则谓语动词用一般过去时)。
(3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/ might ＋动词原形。
(4)as though/if后还可接不定式。
⑤He opened his mouth as though/if to say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2011年高考湖南卷改编)Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him ________________________(好像他做了很明智的事)．
答案：as if he had done something very clever
(2)(2011年秦皇岛高一检测改编)____________________(看起来似乎) the world was at ________ end.
答案：It seemed as if；an
用所给动词的适当形式填空
(3)Liu Mei remembers everything exactly as if it ____________(happen) yesterday.
(4)They talk in a way as if they ____________(be) really good friends.
答案：(3)happened (4)were
译文助读
FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.Today’s festivals have many origins，some religious，some seasonal，and some for special people or events.
Festivals of the Dead
Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico，people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.
On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.They offer food，flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children’s festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets.If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.
Festivals to Honour People
Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet，Qu Yuan.In the USA，Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi，the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
Harvest Festivals
Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.In European countries，people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit，and will get together to have meals.Some people might win awards for their farm produce，like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.China and Japan have midautumn festivals，when people admire the moon and in China，enjoy mooncakes.
Spring Festivals
The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.At the Spring Festival in China，people eat dumplings，fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.There are dragon dances and carnivals，and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals，which take place forty days before Easter，usually in February.
These carnivals might include parades，dancing in the streets day and night，loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
People love to get together to eat，drink and have fun with each other.Festivals let us enjoy life，be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
节日和庆典
自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收获。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。
现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人或事件的。
亡灵节
有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要上坟扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。
在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。
纪念名人的节日
也有纪念名人的节日。中国的端午节是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫罕达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。
庆丰收的节日
收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加各种评选)而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。
春天的节日
最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。(他们)舞龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。复活节是全世界基督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。
它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用
