(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1.Read the following statements.
阅读下列说明。
品味经典
①Clearness of statement is more important than beauty of language.
表述清晰比言辞优美更重要。
②Before we begin，I’d like to make a statement about my ideas.
在我们开始之前，我想把我的想法说明一下。
自我探究
statement n．[U，C]陈述；说明。
归纳拓展
make/issue a statement 陈述；发表声明state vt.& vi. 陈述；声明 n.状态，状况；州，政府
be in a...state (of) 处于……的状态
③Having witnessed the accident I felt it my duty to make a statement to the police.
由于亲眼目睹了那次事故，我觉得向警察陈述是义不容辞的义务。
④He should be given an opportunity to state his opinions.
应该给他陈述意见的机会。
⑤Please state as what it was.请陈述事实。
⑥She was in a terrible state when we arrived.
我们抵达时，她情绪很不好。
完成句子
(1) ________________(按照上述规定)，the worker who breaks the rule will be fired.
(2)The police_________________________ (已经发表声明) urging the public to cooperate in this inquiry.
牛刀小试
As is stated above
have made/issued a statement
2.Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university’s student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.
昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会去首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。
品味经典
①Mr.Wang was chosen to represent our school at the meeting.
王老师被选出代表我们学校去参加会议。
②You can select five things that represent Chinese culture.
你可以选五件代表中国文化的东西。
自我探究
represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描绘；声称。
归纳拓展
(1)represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be... 自称是……
(2)representative n.代表 adj.典型的；有代表性的
(3)representation n.代表；代表团
③This painting represents a hunting scene.
这张油画展现了打猎的情景。
④He represents himself as an expert. 他自称专家。
⑤They represented their concerns to authorities.
他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。
易混辨析
represent，on behalf of，stand for
(1)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”、“某种标志代表什么”、“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。
(2)on behalf of只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”。
(3)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。另外，stand for还可以表示“拥护；容忍”。
⑥X represents the unknown. X表示未知数。
⑦On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.
我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意。
⑧What does“VIP” stand for VIP代表什么？
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)You must____________________
_________(向他们说明危险).
(2)He__________________________
(代表同学) at the school meeting.
(3)The dove____________________
(象征和平)．
represent the danger
to them
represented his classmates
represents peace
3.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
在等了他们的航班半个小时后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地张望
品味经典
①I see his eyes curiously stare at me.
我看见他的眼睛好奇地盯着我。
②Curiously，I had met John’s new friend before.
真怪，约翰的新朋友我从前见到过。
自我探究
curiously adv.好奇地。
归纳拓展
(1)curious adj.好奇的；好求知的
be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇be curious to do sth. 极想做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇心
from/out of curiosity出于好奇meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
③He was very curious about the people who lived upstairs.
他对住在楼上的人感到好奇。
④The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.
这个记者很想知道那位官员是否涉及此案。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2010年高考天津卷)人们一直对于地球生命的起源感到好奇。
People have always been _____________________________________________.
earth began
curious about exactly how life on
(2)游客们第一次出国时会对一切充满
好奇心以至于禁不住会买很多东西。
The first time they went abroad，the tourists were___________________
_________________________________
______________many goods.
(3)出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。
She decided to follow him______________.
so curious about
everything that they couldn’t help
purchasing
out of curiosity
4. Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸！
品味经典
①We approached the school. 我们走近学校。
②The time for graduation is approaching.
毕业的日子近了。
③We heard the approach of the train.
我们听见火车开过来了。
④The approach to the house was blocked by snow.
通往那所房子的路已经被大雪阻塞了。
自我探究
approach vt.& vi.走近；接近；靠近 n．[U] 接近 [C]方法；途径；通路。
归纳拓展
(1)an approach to sth./doing sth.
解决……的方法；通向……的路
(2)表达“(做)……的方法”的其他搭配常见的有：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do/of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth.
(3)表达“用这种方法”分别与不同的介词搭配。
with this method/in this way/by this means)
【注意】 approach作名词表示“方法，途径；通路”之意时，其后常接介词to。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)____________________________
(寒假即将来临)，I can’t wait to go back home.
(2)At the meeting they discussed
_______________________________
__________
Winter vacation is approaching
three approaches to the study
of maths
(三种学数学的方法)．
(3)________________________(当我靠近房子的时候)，I noticed a light on upstairs.
As I approached the house
5.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像在自卫。
品味经典
①The forest will act as a defence against desert dust.
森林能起防御沙漠灰尘的作用。
②A thick overcoat is a good defence against cold.
一件厚大衣足以御寒。
③They took up arms in defence of their country.
他们拿起武器保卫祖国。
自我探究
defence n．防御 ；保卫，防护。
归纳拓展
in defence of... 保卫……；为……辩护
defend vt. 防御；保卫；保护；以言语或文字为……辩护
defend...against... 保卫……以免受……；捍卫defend...from... 保护……以防……
易混辨析
defend，protect，guard
这三个词都有“保护”之意，但强调的重点不同。
defend 指抵御或击退外来威胁或攻击。
Protect 指采取保护措施，使之不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、寒冷、烈日、疾病或保护经济、法律权益等。
guard 指小心谨慎地对可能的危险进行防御，以维护安全，含警戒之意。
④A modern navy will defend our seas.
一支现代化的海军将会保卫我们的领
海。
⑤He raised his arms to protect his child from hurt.
他伸出手去，保护他的孩子免受伤害。
⑥The dog guarded the house against strangers.
狗守卫着房屋，不让陌生人进去。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)她在法庭上成功地为自己作了辩护。
She________________successfully in court.
defended herself
(2)他的防守优于进攻。
He’s better at______________ than__________.
(3)她不得不保护自己免受看门狗的袭击。
She had to_____________________
the guard dog.
defending
attacking
defended herself against
6.I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.
我觉得很可能有大误会。
品味经典
①There are two major political parties in the US.
美国有两大政党。
自我探究
major adj.主要的；(数量、价值、程度)较大的。
归纳拓展
major n. 主修科目；某专业的学生 vi.主修(与介词in连用)
majority n. 大多数
minor adj. 小的；不很重要的
②Her major is French.她的主修科目是法语。
③My sister is majoring in English at Shandong University.
我姐姐现在正在山东大学主修英语。
牛刀小试
翻译句子
(1)The major part of the job is done by machine.
_______________________________
那项工作的大部分由机器来做。
(2)Daisy is majoring in Russian.
_______________________________
(3)His major is history.
_______________________________
黛西是学俄语的。
他主修的科目是历史。
7.When we met yesterday，he moved very close to me as I introduced myself.
我们昨天见面，我进行自我介绍时他靠我很近。
品味经典
①The two farms lie close together.这两个农场靠在一起。
②This success brings us closer to final victory.
这个成功使我们离最后的胜利越来越近。
自我探究
close adv.离……很近。
归纳拓展
close to相当于prep.意为“几乎，差不多”。
③He is close to a master at this.
他在这个方面几乎堪称大师。
④He came close to losing his temper.
他当时几乎要大发脾气了。
易混辨析
lose，closely
(1)close作副词用时，意思是“离……很近”相当于near，常和to连用。
(2)closely 副词“离……很近”时，语气较强，相当于very near。此外，用于比喻的用法，意思是“亲密地；仔细地；严密地”，相当于carefully。
⑤We’ll follow the war closely.
我们将密切注意这场战争的进展情况。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)徒步旅行，人们可以接近大自然，经历不同的生活。
By hiking, people can ________________nature and experience a different kind of life.
get close to
(2)他们秘密地讨论这两个相互紧密地联系在一起的事物。
They talked about the two things that________interconnected behind________doors.
closely
closed
8.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地
方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。
品味经典
①Are we likely to arrive on time
我们会按时到达吗？
②Is it likely that he will arrive so late
他可能会来得很晚吗？
③An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.
如不小心，你就可能出事故。
④He will very likely pass the exam.他可能会通过考试的。
自我探究
likely adj.可能的adv.或许，大概。
易混辨析
likely，possible，probable
likely likely是指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生；既可以用人也可以用物作主语，常用句型是：It is likely that...或Sb./Sth.is likely to... ⑤She is very likely to ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。
⑥It’s very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.我父母很可能不会让我去。
possible possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味；不能以人作主语，常用句型是：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that... ⑦It’s possible for him to come today.他可能今天来。
⑧It’s possible that the train is late.
火车可能晚点了。
probable probable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”，也不能以人作主语；常用句型是：It is probable that... ⑨It is probable that he will arrive before dusk.他有可能黄昏前到达。
巧学助记
牛刀小试
用probable，likely，possible填空
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more ___________
to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
likely
(2)His health is________to get worse.
(3)It is________，though not probable，that he will come tomorrow.
(4)The________cause of his failure was that he had been too tired.
likely
possible
probable
(5)If you grow up in a large family，you are more________to develop the ability to get on well with others.
(6)It is very late.I will come back as soon as________.
likely
possible
9.In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。
品味经典
①In general, your speech is good.
总的来说，你的演讲很好。
②Children in general are fond of candy.
孩子们通常都喜欢吃糖。
③I like games in general, and especially football.
我通常喜欢各种运动，尤其喜欢足球。
自我探究
in general表示“ 总的来说；通常”，相当于generally (speaking)。
归纳拓展
on the whole 总的来说
generally speaking 一般说来
as a whole 就整体上来看
in a word 总之
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)_____________________________(总的来说)，his work is very good，but this essay is really unacceptable.
(2)I like meat ________________
(总的来说)，and mutton ________________(尤其)．
In general/Generally speaking
in general
in particular
(3)___________________________
(一般来说)，the more you pay for the equipment，the better the system is.
In general/Generally speaking
10.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
句型巧析
品味经典
①She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位获奥运会金牌的女子。
②He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
自我探究
名词前若有序数词、形容词最高级等修饰，其后常常跟不定式作后置定语。
归纳拓展
(1)动词不定式作定语时，通常位于被修饰词之后，而且与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓、动宾或限定关系。
(2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动
词，不定式后面就要有必要的介词。
(3)不定式短语作定语修饰time，place，way等名词时，介词习惯上要省去。
③She has a lot of things to do today.
她今天有许多事情要做。
④He is not a man to bow before difficulties.
他不是一个在困难面前低头的人。
⑤She has only a little room to live in.
她只有一个小房间居住。
【注意】 不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果不定式的动作是主语发出来的，不定式常用主动形式；如果不是主语发出的动作，用被动形式。
⑥I have got some letters to post.我有一些信要寄。(由主语I完成post)
⑦I’ll go to the post office.Do you have any letters to be posted
我去邮局，你有信要寄吗？(post的动作不是由主语you完成的)
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2010年高考山东卷)这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读练习要完成。
I have a lot of readings ____________before the end of this term.
to complete
(2)屠呦呦，81岁的药物学家，成为中国大陆第一位荣获拉斯克奖的科学家。
Tu Youyou，the 81 year old Pharmacoligist，has become the first scientist on the Chinese mainland____________a Lasker Award.
to win
11.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下的相互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。
品味经典
①I never saw him again，nor did I hear from him.
我再也没有见到他，也没有收到过他的信。
自我探究
“nor ＋ 动词＋主语”表示“也不……”。该句中nor are they...是部分倒装句，其前的Not all cultures greet each other the same way是部分否定句。
归纳拓展
否定词或短语放在句首经常引起部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语的前面去。常见的否定词和短语还有：
neither，no，not，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way等。
②Hardly could I believe the news.
我几乎不能相信这个消息。
③In no way do I blame you for what happened.
我绝不会因为发生的事责怪你。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2011年高考福建卷)——真不错。我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料。
—我很高兴你喜欢。
—It’s nice.Never before ____________such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
have I had
(2)我们从没想过丽莎能到，但她在最后一刻出现了。
Never ________________Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.
did we think
(3)如果你不想去，我也不想去。
If you don’t want to go，________________.
(4)我不喜欢住在闹市区，她也不喜欢。
_______________________________
_____________________
neither/nor will I
I don’t like living downtown，and
neither/nor does she.
译文助读
COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM
Yesterday, another student and I，representing our university’s student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. They
were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached
Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling，
together with George Cook from Canada.As they were introduced，George reachedd his hand out to the Japanese student.Just at that moment，however，Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand.They both apologized—another cultural mistake!
Ahmed Aziz，another international student，was from Jordan.When we met yesterday，he moved very close to me as I introduced myself.I moved back a bit，but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand.When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing
through the door，she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face.They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek，since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.Ahmed Aziz，on the contrary，simply nodded at the girls.Men from Middle Eastern and
other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.
As I get to know more international friends，I learn more about this cultural“body language”．Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the
same way with touching or distance between people.In the same way that people communicate with spoken language，they also express their feelings using unspoken “language”through physical distance，actions or posture.English people，for
example，do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.Most people around the
world now greet each other by shaking hands，but some cultures use other greetings as well，such as the Japanese，who prefer to bow.
These actions are not good or bad，but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I have
seen，however，that cultural
customs for body language are very general—not all members of a culture behave in the same way.In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads！
交际：没有问题了吗？
昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。他们是来北京大学留学的。我们将先带他们去宿舍，然后带他们去学生餐厅。等待了半个小时之后，他们的航班到达，我看到几个年轻人进入了等候区好奇地四处张望。我站在那儿观察了一会儿，然后走过去向他们打招呼。
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，紧随其后的是来自英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。我与他们碰面并把他们介绍给对方认识，我(对看到的情景)非常吃惊。托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸！朱莉娅看上去很吃惊，往后退了退，并抬起双手，像是防卫。我猜想这其中可能有个大
的误会。接下来来自日本的永田明和来自加拿大的乔治·库克笑着走过来了。当我介绍他们的时候，乔治对这个日本学生伸出了手。然而，就在这时，永田明向他鞠躬，因此他的鼻子触到了乔治伸过来的手。他们都向对方道歉——又一个文化上的差错！
另一位国际学生叫艾哈迈德·阿齐兹，来自约旦。我们昨天见了面，当我进行自我介绍时，他靠我很近。我往后退了一点，但他又靠前一点，问了一个问题，然后和我握手。当来自法国的达琳·库隆匆忙走进门时，她认出了托尼·加西亚的微笑的面孔。他们握手，然后在彼此脸颊上吻了两下，这是法国成年人在见到熟人时的礼俗。相反，艾哈迈德·阿齐兹
只是朝女孩们点了点头。中东和其他穆斯林国家的男士通常和男士谈话时站得非常近，但是他们通常不和女士身体接触。
随着我认识的国际朋友越来越多，我也了解到更多不同文化背景下的身势语。各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度
也并不一样。用口头语言进行交流的同时，他们也通过身体间距、动作和姿态等非语言来表达情感。例如，英国人通常不和别人站得太近，也不会刚见面就和陌生人有身体接触。不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)
接触对方。现在世界上多数人见面都会相互握手问候，但有些文化(背景的人)会采取另外一些寒暄方式，比方说，日本人更喜欢鞠躬。
这些行为没有好坏之分，只不过是文化发展的不同方式。然而，我发现身势语的文化礼俗很广泛，并不是一种文化中的所有人都行为一
致。但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！
速效提能演练
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Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
1．There are many different ways to greet someone using words. How many ways can you think of greeting someone if you can’t speak
______________________________________
Body language and written language.
2. What are they trying to tell us
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________
(1)OK！(2) A little.(3) I’m listening
carefully! (4) Pray! (5) Nice to meet
you! (6) I don’t know!
Step Two：Fast Reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1. Why did the writer go to the airport ( )
C
A．To take an airplane to study in a foreign country.
B．To meet his parents from a foreign country.
C．To meet some international students.
D．To help the workers.
2. What is the main idea of the text ( )
A．There are different customs in different countries.
B．Foreigners should follow the customs of the country where they are visiting.
C．People use body language to send messages and people from different countries have different customs.
D．The importance of knowing customs.
C
3. Why did Tony approach Julia，touch her shoulder and kiss her on the cheek ( )
A．Because he wanted to hurt her.
B．Because he wanted to meet her.
C．Because he loved her.
D．Because he wanted to play a joke.
B
4. From the passage we know, most international students greet others by________.
A．shaking hands
B．bowing
C．kissing
D．touching shoulders
A
5. It can be learned that________.
A．only Chinese students can study in Beijing University
B．we should do as the Romans do when we are in Rome
C．only Chinese customs are the most important
D．not knowing foreign customs may cause a cultural mistake.
D
Step Three：Careful Reading
1．Read the passage carefully and then answer the following questions.
(1) How many international students are mentioned in the story
_______________________________
Six.
(2)Is the author male or female How do you know
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Male. Because Ahmed Aziz who is
from Jordan only shakes hands
with men.
(3) How did Tony and Darlene greet each other
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
They shook hands and then kissed
each other twice on each cheek,
which is the French custom when
adults meet people they know.
2．Read the text carefully and then match the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1( )
A. To suggest studying international customs.
Paragraphs 2 &3 ( )
B
C
B. To meet the international students at the Capital International Airport.
Paragraph 4 ( )
C．To introduce the students to each other and explain their different ways of greeting.
Paragraph 5 ( )
D. To explain different cultural “body language”in some countries.
D
A
3．Read the text and then try to write down the main idea of the text.
The text is mainly about different _____________in different countries. In order to avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural
crossroads，we had better
____________________________.
body language
study international customs
Step Four：Summary
Yesterday, another student and I, ____________our university’s student ____________， went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students to Beijing University.
representing
association
After half an hour of waiting for their_______to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around____________.
flight
curiously
The first person who arrived was Mr. Garcia from Colombia, closely ________ by Julia Smith from Britain. When they were introduced to each other, Mr. Garcia approached Ms Smith，________ her shoulder and ____________ her on the cheek. Ms Smith stepped
followed
touched
kissed
back appearing surprised. The visitor from Japan came in smiling at the same time as George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, Mr. Cook __________ his hand out to the
Japanese who _______. His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand，and they both _______________.
reached
bowed
apologized
These are examples that I’ve learned about cultural “body language”. Not all cultures ____________ each other the same way, nor are they comfortable with touching
greet
____________ or being too close or too far away. In the same way that people ____________ with spoken language, they also ____________ their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance, actions or ____________.
strangers
communicate
express
posture
Step Five：Discussion
“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”What do you think this famous saying means
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
This saying means that when we are
in a certain place, we should follow
the customs of the people who live
in that place，not our own customs.
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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
动词的 ing形式作状语
讲解归纳
作状语的动词的 ing形式是现在分词。
用法 举例
动词的 ing形式可作状语。表示时间、原因或条件时， Walking in the street，I saw her.正在街上走着时，我看见了她。
(时间状语)
Not knowing her phone number，we couldn’t get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的电话号码，我们无法与她取得联系。(原因状语)
用法 举例
通常位于句子的前面；表示方式、伴随或结果时，通常位于句子的后面。 She came riding a brand new bike.她是骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的。(方式状语)
The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一周，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。(结果状语)
用法 举例
动词的 ing作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致；且必须与句子的主语有 Be careful when(you are)crossing the street. 过马路的时候要小心。He was very ill while travelling in Africa.
他在非洲旅行时病得很严重。
用法 举例
逻辑上的主谓关系，分词表示的动作是次要动作。有时可在分词前面加when，while，if，unless等连接词。 He cannot finish the task on time unless asking for her help.
他无法按时完成这项任务，除非请求她的帮助。
用法 举例
若分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，分词应使用完成式，强调时间先后关系。 Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it. 被蛇咬了之后，她就怕蛇了。
Having finished his homework，he went fishing.
做完作业之后，他就去钓鱼了。
用法 举例
有些现在分词短语没有明确的逻辑主语，是固定的结构，不受上下文的影响，称作独立 Frankly speaking，I don’t like the job.
坦率地说，我不喜欢这份工作。
用法 举例
成分，例如，generally/frankly/exactly speaking；judging from/by；considering... Exactly speaking，this room is three times the size of that one.
准确地说，这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
Judging from his accent，he is from Britain.
从他的口音判断，他是英国人。
用法 举例
动词的 ing的否定形式是在动词的 ing形式之前加not。 Not having received his reply，I rang him up again.
没有收到他的回音，我又给他打了一个电话。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Sarah假装很高兴，没有对这次争论进行评论。
Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ________nothing about the argument.
语法专练
saying
2．(2011年高考陕西卷)中国又建了很多公路，这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。
More highways have been built in China，________________________
________ to travel from one place to another.
making it much easier for
people
3．(2011年高考北京卷)坐下，Emma。站着只会让你更加疲劳。
Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ____________________.
keeping on your feet
4．(2011年高考湖南卷)你每天早上醒来都精力充沛，准备好开始新的一天吗？
Do you wake up every morning __________________________________________？
feeling energetic and ready to start
a new day
5．(2011年高考辽宁卷)游客们和当地人围着篝火跳起了舞蹈。
___________ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
Gathering
6．(2010年高考江西卷)这位女士在商店周围闲逛，注意看有没有特价商品。
The lady walked around the shops, ________an eye out for bargains.
keeping
7．(2010年高考安徽卷)他有一个快乐的童年，那时他经常和他的母亲周游世界。
He had a wonderful childhood, ______________________________________________________________.
traveling with his mother to all
corners of the world
8. (2010年高考福建卷)地震之后，许多救援人员正在夜以继日地工作，为青海玉树地区发送物质。
Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，__________________________， Qinghai province after the earthquake.
sending supplies to Yushu
9．(2010年高考北京卷)看着同学们的面孔，我从他们的眼神中读出了同样的兴奋。
_____________________________， I read the same excitement in their eyes.
Looking at my classmates’ faces
10．(2010年高考天津卷)南方的大雨造成了多个省份的洪灾。
It rained heavily in the south, _________________________________________.
causing serious flooding in several
provinces
11．The scientist was rewarded by the government for
_________________________________
(做出了如此巨大的贡献) to the country.
having made such a great contribution
12．At the age of 29，Dave was a worker，________________________
(住在一所小公寓里) near Boston and wondering what to do in his future.
living in a small apartment
13．The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and___________________________
(体重不足40磅) must be in a child safety seat.
weighing less than 40 pounds
14．It’s not easy to learn English well._________________________
(尽可能多读) is necessary.
15．____________________(没有被给予) a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university.
Reading as much as possible
Not having been given
16.Bill_________________________
(建议举行一个会议) on what to do for London Olympic Games.
17．They made a great effort to prepare the exhibition，___________________________(希望获得巨大的成功)．
suggested holding a meeting
hoping to achieve a big success
18．____________________________
(被告知多次)，he finally understood it.
Having been told many times
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. Hearing the good news, the boys jumped with joy.
_____________________________， the boys jumped with joy.
When they heard the good news
2．Being ill, Susan didn’t take the final examination.
__________________， Susan didn’t take the final examination.
Because she was ill
3．Father was busy writing a report, stopping once in a while to smoke.
Father was busy writing a report________________________ _______________________________.
once in a while to smoke
and stopped
4. Walking down the street the other day, I saw a terrible accident.
_____________________________________________， I saw a terrible accident.
When I was walking down the street
the other day
5. When he had waited for half an hour in the queue, he realized that he had left the money at home.
____________________________________________， he realized that he had left the money at home.
Having waited for alf an hour in the
queue
写作专题突破
【写作例题】
肢体语言丰富多彩，含义广泛。日常生活中学会一些肢体语言将大大有利于你与别人的交流。与人用肢体语言交流时要注意以下问题：
1．不同的国家有不同的肢体语言；
2．不同国家肢体语言的含义是不同的；
3．要正确运用肢体语言。
【写作内容】
请根据以上信息，写一篇英语短文，并
包括以下内容：
1．肢体语言的概念；
2．用肢体语言与人交流时的注意事项；
3．懂一些基本的肢体语言是一项技能。
【写作要求】
1．只能使用5个句子来表达全部内容。
2．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。
【要点词汇】
1．肢体语言________________
2．表达情感________________
3．运输，运送，传达____________
4．注意________________
5．不同，有别于________________
6．增加________________
body language
express feelings
convey
pay attention to
differ...from
enhance
【句式结构】
1．肢体语言，不是使用声音传达意思就可以表达我们的情感和思想。
Body language，______________________________________________，is a language
__________sound to_______________.
which we use to express our feelings
and thoughts
instead of
convey meanings
2．不同的国家有不同的肢体语言。
Body language___________one country ___another.
3．因为不同国家肢体语言的含义是不
同的，所以要正确地使用。
Different countries___________________
_________of the same body language，so we must____body language________.
differs from
to
may have different
meanings
use
correctly
【连句成篇】
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Body language，which we use to express our feelings and thoughts，is a language instead of sound to convey meanings，and sometimes body language will let others understand us easily.When we use body language，
We must pay much attention to the following things.Firstly，like spoken language，body language differs from one country to another.Secondly，different countries may have different meanings of the same body language，so we must use body language
correctly.Lastly，understanding body language is a skill that can enhance our life and we can know what a perso thinks and feels by examining their subconscious body language.
【技巧点拨】
范文能根据写作内容和写作要求，从肢体语言的概念、运用肢体语言时的注意事项以及懂得肢体语言的好处三个方面对肢体语言进行了介绍。作者运用了较复杂句式和较高级词汇，显示了作者对语言的良好的驾驭能力，提高了文章的档次。另外，文章用词准确，语法结构正确，行文连
贯，是一篇优秀的说明文。
课时训练
Ever since humans lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. ①In general, the ②major form of expressing thoughts and feelings has been ③spoken language. When there is a language barrier, that is, people ④misunderstand each other,
词语串串练
communication is completed through body language where motions ⑤represent letters, words and ideas. Here are many forms of body language in the world，each having its own ⑥function. Smile is the most universal
⑦facial expression, which shows happiness and puts people ⑧at ease. But sometimes, it ⑨is likely to hide other feelings, like ⑩anger and worry. When someone loses face, he may smile. When someone gets angry, he may frown, turn his back to others or make a fist and shake it.
There are also different ways to greet someone in different countries. People from Colombia like approaching others and kiss them on the cheek. However, in that case an Englishwoman will put up her hands to defend herself against their sudden attacks. I felt a little
curious and embarrassed when I stepped back while my friend from Jordan came closer to me from time to time. In France, if adults meet people they know, they can kiss each other twice on each cheek.
自从人类在地球上居
住以来，他们就使用
了各种各样的交流形
式。一般说来，表达
思想和情感的主要形
式就是口语。当出现语言障碍时，也就是说人们互相误解时，交流就
通过身势语完成。其中的动作就代表单词、话语或想法。世界上有很多种身势语，每一种都有自己的功能。
微笑是最普遍使用的面部表情，它表示快乐或使人们安静下来。但有些时候，它也可能掩藏如生气、焦虑等情感。有人丢了脸时也会笑。当生气时，他可能会皱眉、背过身对着别人或握紧拳头朝着别人摇晃。
在不同的国家里也有很多不同打招呼的方式。来自哥伦比亚的人喜欢靠近别人并亲吻他们的脸颊。然而，在这种情形下，一个英国女性将举起手保护自己免受袭击。当我来自约旦的朋友时不时地朝我靠过来而我后退时，我感到有点好奇和尴尬。在法国，如果成年人遇到了相识的人，他们可以
互相亲吻对方的脸颊两次。
对别人礼貌是主观的，但最好不要拥抱级别比自己高的人。身势语真是复杂，因此我们应该学习不同国家的风俗以避免在当今文化交融的世界里遇到交往中的困难。
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共67张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
速效提能演练
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks below according to the text(P30)．
Happiness
Smilling
Anger or unhappiness
_________and turning one’s back to someone
making a(n)____and shaking it
Agreement and disagreement
nodding one’s head up and down for agreement
________one’s head from side to side for disagreement
frowning
fist
shaking
Boredom and interest
looking away from people or ____________for boredom
turning toward and ____________someone or something for interest
yawning
looking at
Respect
not giving a(n)____to a boss or teacher
not standing too close to someone of a higher _____
standing at a little distance with ___________hands
hug
rank
open
Ⅱ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Which of the following about body language is true ( )
A．It is more important than spoken language.
B
B．It is as important as spoken language.
C．Neither spoken language nor body language is important.
D．It is less important than spoken language.
2. Why may a person smile if he loses face ( )
A．To show his anger.
B．To hide his embarrassment.
C．To threaten others.
D．To laugh at others
B
3. If you are not interested in others’ talking, you may________.
A．look away from him or yawn
B．turn toward and look at something
C．fix your attention on the speaker
D．stand at a little distance with open hands
A
4. Suppose you are a teacher in America, you’ll tell your students to ________when others are talking.
A．avoid looking at others directly
B．look directly at others
C．glance at others
D．look down at others
B
5. We can infer from the text that________.
A．we can communicate successfully with others using body language
B．people from different countries will not misunderstand each other using body language
C
C．we should try to learn more about other countries’customs
D．all around the world, people express the same ideas using the same body language
1.The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人放松。
(1)function
重点难点探究
词汇精研
品味经典
①The function of a cash machine is to provide people with cash when the bank is shut.
自动提款机的功能是在银行关门后让人们提取现金。
②This organization performs an important function in this country.
这个组织在这个国家起着重大作用。
③The machine does not function properly.
这台机器运转不正常。
自我探究
function n．[C]作用；功能；职能
vi.起作用；运转。
归纳拓展
function as...起到……作用
④This chair can also function as a bed.
这把椅子也可以当作床用。
⑤Some English adverbs function as adjectives.
英语中有些副词可作形容词用。
完成句子
(1)控制房价的政策看起来不是很有效。
The policy to control the building price doesn’t seem to _______________________.
(2)聊天的一个很重要的作用就是在一些不熟悉的人之间或彼此根本就不认识的人之间建立一种关系。
牛刀小试
be functioning very well
_________________________________
is to establish a relationship between people who don’t know each other very well or don’t know each other at all.
(3)这台机器运转不正常。
Themachine________________properly.
(2)at ease
A very important function of small talk
does not function
品味经典
①We were sitting on the sofa at ease.
我们舒适地坐在沙发上。
②Set your mind at ease. 请放心。
自我探究
at ease舒适；快活；自由自在。
归纳拓展
ease n. [U]安逸；舒适 vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
with ease 轻易地，毫不费力地f
eel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松put/set sb.at (one’s) ease 使某人放松、松弛take one’s ease 休息，轻松一下
③The medicine eased her of the pains.
这种药减轻了她的疼痛。
④Try to put the candidate at ease by being friendly and informal.
尽量友好随便点，使求职者感到无拘无束。
巧学助记
⑤Her mind was at ease knowing that the children were safe.
听说孩子们都很安全，她才放心。
⑥He passed the examination with ease.
他轻松地通过了考试。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(4)I never feel completely__________with him
(5)It would________________to know that he settled down in the city and was living a comfortable life.
at ease
ease my mind
(6)He passed the examination____________.
(7)His confident smile quickly________his mother____________and she knew that his son was well prepared for the interview.
with ease
put
at ease
2.In most places around the world，frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger.
在世界上的大多数地方，皱眉或者背对某人都表示发怒。
品味经典
①When you speak to someone，don’t turn your back to him.
当你跟别人谈话时，不要背对着他。
②She did not turn her back to her friends when they needed help.
朋友需要她帮助的时候，她从不拒绝。
③Why did he suddenly turn his back to your agreement
他为什么突然背弃你们的协议？
自我探究
turn one’s back to背对；背弃。
归纳拓展
turn to 转向；求助于
give away 背弃
④He would rather die than give away his country.
他宁死也不出卖他的国家。
牛刀小试
根据语境，写出turn短语的意义
(1)He turned over in bed.____________
(2)The missing boy turned up.____________
(3)Turn to the dictionary if you can’t spell the word.____________
出现
翻身，翻转
查(词典)
(4)If you have some questions，you can turn to your teachers for help._______
(5)Mozart’s music always turns me on.____________
(6)She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.____________
(7)Because the hall was full，many people were turned away.____________
使感兴趣
求助于
转身不看
撵走
3.There are many ways around the world to show agreement，but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide.
世界上有许多种表示赞成的方式，但是用上下点头表示同意几乎是全世界通用的。
①In the street cars are busy rushing up and down.
大街上，车辆急匆匆地来来往往。
②He walked up and down the room and didn’t know what to do.
他在屋里来回走着，不知该怎么办才好。
③Going up and down the stairs will be good exercise for me.
上上下下爬楼梯对我会是很好的锻炼。
品味经典
自我探究
up and down 来来回回；上上下下。
归纳拓展
look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
④Johnson looked her up and down and decided to ask her out.
约翰逊上上下下打量了她一番，决定让她出去。
牛刀小试
翻译句子
(1)He was walking up and down the platform.
_________________________________
(2)The little girl looked at the stranger up and down but didn’t let him in.
__________________________________________________________________
他沿着站台来来回回地走着。
小女孩上上下下地打量着陌生人但
是不让他进去。
4.Looking away from people or yawning will，in most cases，make me appear to be uninterested.
多数情况下，移开视线或者打哈欠会使我显得不感兴趣。
(1)look away
品味经典
①Don’t look away from me when I’m speaking to you.
当我对你说话时不要看向别处。
②She looked away from the tragic scene.
她掉过头，不忍看那一幕惨相。
自我探究
look away 转移视线；看别处。
look down upon 瞧不起
look forward to 盼望
look into 调查
look on...as...把……看作……
look out 小心
look through 仔细查看；浏览
look up 抬头；查阅
look up to 尊敬
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
选用上述词语完成下列句子
(1)I wish you wouldn’t__________________this kind of work because it is very important to us.
(2)We are_________________seeing you again.
look down upon/on
looking forward to
(3)The police have received the complaint，and they______________
it.
(4)In that case we will not_______with folded arms.Instead we’ll do what we can to help.
(5)____________this proposal for me，and tell me what you think of it.
(2)in most cases
are looking into
look on
Look through
①Journalists have a sixth sense of news in most cases.
在多数情况下记者们对新闻有第六感觉。
②All people I know will vote for him and in most cases，me too.
我认识的人都投他的票，我多半也会随大流。
品味经典
自我探究
in most cases 在大多数情况下。
归纳拓展
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in any case 无论如何，总之
in case 假使，如果；万一
in case of 万一……，如果发生
in no case 决不(放句首时，用倒装)
in that/this case 如果是那样/这样的话
just in case 以防(万一)
It/This/That is not the case. 情况不是这样；并非事实。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(6)(2010年高考浙江卷)“我估计我们之前已经谈论过这个问题，但是我想再问你一遍以免失误。”
I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just_____________.
in case
(7)(2011年高考山东卷)他准备好了照相机，以便他看到好的画面就随时拍下来。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something____________ would make a good picture.
that
SHOWING OUR FEELINGS
Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings，wishes and attitudes that they might
译文助读
never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course，body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.
The most universal facial expression is,
of course, the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses
face”and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.
From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger.
Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.
There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also
understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.
How about showing that I am bored？Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.However，if I turn toward and look at someone or
something，people from almost every culture will think that I am interested.If I roll my eyes and turn my head away，I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.
Being respectful to people is subjective，based on each culture，
but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher.In almost every culture，it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.
With so many cultural differences between people，it is great to have some similarities in body language.We can often be wrong about each other，so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do！
表达我们的情感
身势语是最强有力的交流手段之一，甚至通常它比口头语言更有力量。世界各地的人要表达各种情感、愿望和态度，他们可能从来不会大声地说出来。“读懂”我们身边的人是有可能的，尽管他们并不想让我们懂他们没有说出来的意思。当然，身势语也会被误读，但是很多手势和举动都是具有普遍性的。
微笑当属最普遍使用的面部表情，它的作用是表示快乐和安人心境。然而它并不总是代表着真正的快乐。世界上的微笑可能是假象，来掩盖像生气、恐惧或担忧的情绪。还有不愉快的微笑，比如说当某人丢脸时，他们用微笑来掩盖。但是，微笑一般是用来表达好的情感的。从婴儿时代开始，我们就用皱眉来表示不悦和生气。在
世界大部分地区，皱眉和背对着某人表示生气。攥拳并晃动拳头几乎总是表示某人很生气并要威胁他人。
世界上有很多表示同意的方式，但是上下点头表示同意几乎在全世界范围内适用。大部分人也明白左右摇头是不同意或拒绝的意思。
怎么表示我很厌烦呢？在多数情况下，把眼光从人们身上移开或打哈欠使我看上去(对某物/人)不感兴趣。然而，如果我转向某人或某物并看着他(它)的话，几乎每种文化背景下的人都会认为我对此感兴趣。如果我转动眼睛，把头扭向一边，很可能就是我不相信或者不喜欢我所听到的。
在每种文化背景下，尊重他人是主观的，但是通常拥抱老板和老师可能会不妥当。在几乎每一种文化背景下，和级别更高的人站得太近通常是不好的。两手伸开，站得有一定距离表明我愿意聆听。
人们之间有那么多的文化差异，而身势语有一些相似之处是很好的。我们经常会彼此误会，因此我们之间能相互理解对方是很令人惊奇的事情！
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谢谢使用(共10张PPT)
Unit 4 Body language
教材背景链接
名言佳句
It is not the fine coat that makes the gentleman.
—Thomas Fuller
并非考究的衣饰使人成为绅士。——托马斯·富勒
Laugh，and the world laughs with you；weep，and you weep alone.—E.W.Wilcox
笑，这世界与你同笑；哭，独自去哭吧。
——E.W.威尔克斯
The test of a man or woman’s breeding is how they behave in a quarrel.—G.B.Show
检验一个男人或女人教养的方法是看他/她在争吵中的表现。——萧伯纳
类文欣赏
Body language for greeting
身体语言，指非词语性的身体符号，包括目光与面部表情等。我们在与人交流沟通时，即使不说话，也可以凭借对方的身体语言来探索他内心的秘密。因此，解译人们的体语密码，可以更准确地认识自己和他人。
Greeting is a custom that helps break the ice and paves the way for communication. When you move from a formal greeting to an informal greeting is an important factor in the development of a friendship. If it’s too early, it is a rudeness. If it’s too late, you may be considered to be too proud or distant.
Handshake
A firm hold shows confidence. At the same time a limp (无力的) hold may indicate nervousness, particularly in men. “Palm down” indicates power and a feeling of advantage.
“Palm sideways”indicates equality.“Palm up” indicates obedience. A long handshake can indicate pleasure and can signal dominance (支
配)，particularly if one person tries to pull away and the dominant person does not hope so.
Salute (敬礼)
The salute is a formal greeting. It is often used in the military in a strictly arranged manner and situation.
Bowing
Bowing is another formal greeting.The lower and longer the bow is, the greater the respect is. Bowing is different in different cultures.
Waving
Waving can be done from a
distance.This allows for
greeting when you first spot
another person. Waving gains attention and a big, overhead wave can attract a person from some distance.
Hugging
Hugging is a closer form of greeting than shaking hands. Hugging is generally more common between friends, although its usage does vary between cultures. Longer, fuller hugs often signal closer relationship and may happen between people who have not seen one another for some time.
Kissing
In some cultures, kissing is a part of social greeting. Social greetings are relatively short, and may involve double or triple kissing. General friendship kissing may be longer and with more body contact.
Questions：
Read the passage and tell the following statements true(T)or false(F)．
1．A proper greeting plays an important part in the development of a friendly relationship.
( )
2．A firm handshake shows dominance.( )
3．Hugging is a form of greeting that is only used in some Western countries.( )
F
F
T
