2022届高三英语二轮专题复习：虚拟语气 课件-(41张ppt)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高三英语二轮专题复习：虚拟语气 课件-(41张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 227.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-18 13:49:12 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共41张PPT)
中考虚拟语气
在英语表达中，说话人的口气即语气，它是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。
英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气
陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中，日常生活中 大多使用这种语气。
祈使语气（the Imperative Mood)我们提出劝告、请求、命令等时，就用祈使语气。用于祈使句。
虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
虚拟语气的用法
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；
2、宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法；
条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的。
非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。
If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma.
If I were a bird, I would fly to America.
if引导的虚拟条件句
如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事
If he comes here tomorrow, I will tell him about it.
If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it, but he is too busy.
If he should come here tomorrow, I would tell him about it, but he is too busy.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him, but he is too busy.
，但他
太忙了。
1. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
(通常有时间状语)
If he came/should come/were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him about it, but he is too busy.
If + 主 + did(were to do/should do),
主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
注：be动词在虚拟语气中，只能用were。
1. 如果明天不上班，我就可以去打篮球了。
If I _______________ tomorrow, I ______________ basketball.
2. 要是人不会死，世界会怎么样？
What ________ the world ______ like if people
_____________
3. 如果明天是世界末日，你想做什么？
If it _____________ doomsday tomorrow, what _________ you _____
could play
didn't work
would
be
didn't die
were to be
would
do
1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
If I were you, I would try it again.
2. 如果我现在有一百万美元，我会买下这辆车。
If I had one million dollars now, I would buy the car.
3. 要是我瘦一点，就能穿上这件外套了。
If I were thinner, I could put on the coat.
2. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If I were you, I would try it again.
If I had one million dollars now, I would buy the car.
If I were thinner, I could put on the coat.
If + 主 + did(were),
主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
1. 如果你是一只鸟，你就能去任何地方了。
If you _______ a bird, you ___________ wherever you want to.
2. 要是我家离学校近一点，我就能多睡一会了。
If my home _______ near school, I _______________ more.
3. 如果我学习足够好，就不用补课了。
If I ______ well at school, I ____________-___ to the training school.
could go
were
were
could sleep
did
wouldn't go
1. 如果我早到那儿，我应该会见到她。
If I had got there earlier，I should have met her.
2. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
If he had taken my advice，he could not have made such a mistake.
3. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If I had got there earlier, I should have met her.
If he had taken my advice, he could not have made such a mistake.
If +主 +had done,
主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）
1. 如果我够努力的话，考试就能及格了。
If I _______________ hard, I _______________________ the exam.
2. 要是我早到十分钟，就不会错过火车了。
If I _______________ ten minutes early, I ____________________________ the train.
3. 如果当时不放弃，就不会后悔了。
If I ___________________, I _____________________________ it.
had studied
could have passed
wouldn't have missed
had arrived
hadn't given up
wouldn't have regreted
主从句的谓语形式
从句 主句
将来
现在
过去
主语+过去时(were)
+ were to do
+should do
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+过去时(were)
主语+had done
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+should/ would/might/ could+have done
1. If you __________tomorrow, you _________
find the new manager working in the office.
A. should come; would B. would come; would
C. will come; should D. comes; might
2. If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.
A. arrives B. arrive
C. had arrived D. has arrived
3. --If he _________ he ___________ that food.
--Luckily he was sent to the hospital
immediately.
A. was warned; would not have taken
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
4. I am not free today. If I _____ free today , I _____ and visit some of my friends .
A. am will go B. were , would go
C. shall be D. be , must go
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going .
A. had been , would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent
C. were, would have prevented
如何区别真实条件句和虚拟语气
1. 看假设的条件是否真实
2. 看时态是否与过去相关
If it _____ (be) a fine day tomorrow, we ___________ (play) football.
If it _______ (be) summer now, we could go
swimming in the river.
is
will play
were
注：if虚拟语气中的倒装和省略
把句子中的谓语动词的部分(助、情、be动词)或全部提前到主语前，句子结构发生变化，这样的句子叫倒装句。
Tom does well at school.
Does Tom do well at school
A tall tree stands in front of our school.
in front of our school stands a tall tree.
1. Should I meet her,I would tell her.
2. Were I in your position, I might do it
better.
3. Had you taken my advice, you could have passed the examination.
倒装和省略的条件
1.必须是虚拟条件句，真实条件句不可以省略if.
2.只有当虚拟条件句中有were、had、should等词时，才可以省略if.
3.省略if时，主语与were、had、should的位置必须相互调换.
4. if省略和倒装是同时进行的。
If I were you, I would try it again.
I were you, I would try it again.
Were I you, I would try it again.
If he had been there yesterday, he would
have seen the film.
he had been there yesterday, he would
have seen the film.
Had he been there yesterday, he would
have seen the film.
1. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
2. If I were to set off tomorrow, I would be late.
Were I to set off tomorrow, I would be late.
3. ____________ the exam, he would have attend a college.
A. If he passed B. Had he passed
C. Were he passed D. If he should pass
4. ___________ five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.
A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive
C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive
5. ________ it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.
A. Were B. should C. would D. will
6. ________ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were
C. Were I D. Was I
主从句的谓语形式
从句 主句
将来
现在
过去
主语+过去时(were)
+ were to do
+should do
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+过去时(were)
主语+had done
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+should/ would/might/ could+have done
1. If I ______ (be)invited, I would go to the dinner.
2. If he _________________(be)ill and missed many classes, he _______________________(make) greater progress.
3. If she ___________(see) you yesterday ,she _______________________ (ask) you about it.
4. If you __________________ (follow)the doctor's advice then,you would have been all right then.
were
hadn’t been
would have made
had seen
would have asked
had followed
5.The rice ______ if you had been more careful.
A. would not be burning
B. would not burn
C. would not have burnt
D. would not burnt
6. If I ______ you, I would not do it.
A. am B. were C. was D. being
C
B
7.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If
she ______ she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had come
8. ______ for the free tickets, I would not
have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. If it had not been D. If they have not
D
C
9. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn,
you ______ so tired.
A. drove ; didn’t get
B. drove ; wouldn’t get
C. were driving ; wouldn’t get
D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
10. If it ______ tomorrow, they will not go
there by bike.
A. will rain B. rains
C. would rain D. should rain
B
D
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
1. 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用：
我希望和你一样高。
I wish (that) I were as tall as you.
他希望他没讲那样的话。
He wishes (that) he hadn't said that.
我希望明天下雨就好了。
I wish (that) it would rain tomorrow.
我真希望吴老师不是的英语老师。
I wish Mr. Wu were not my English teacher.
我真希望有一辆车。
I wish I had a car.
现在的虚拟：主语+过去时(were)
1. 真希望我很能再尝试一次。
I wish I could/would try it again.
2. 真的很想能赢得这次比赛。
I wish I could/would win the game.
将来的虚拟：主语+could/would +动原
1. 你要是来我的生日聚会就好了。
I wish you had come to my birthday party.
2. 真想不那么粗心。
I wish I had been so careless.
过去的虚拟：主语+had done
1.I wish that I ______________________ (go)with you last night.
2.I wish it ______ (be) not so cold outside.
3.I didn’t go to the party, but I do
wish I _____________ (be) there.
4.I wish we __________ (go)with my brother
when he flies to England next week.
5. He is not a pilot, but he wishes he _______ (be).
could have gone
had been
could go
were
were
6. I wish I ___________(meet) him yesterday.
7. --You have made some mistakes.
--I wish I _______ mistakes every day.
A. don’t make B. haven’t made
C. wouldn’t make D. didn’t make
had met
C
2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
一些表示命令、建议、要求的动词：
一个坚持
两个命令
三项建议
四项要求
宾语从句中当主句的谓语动词为以上动词时，
从句要是用虚拟语气。
insist
order, command
advise, suggest, propose
request, ask, require, demand
宾语从句要用虚拟语气，(should) + 动原
1. 我建议下周开会。
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting
next week.
2. 他坚持努力学习。
He insists that I (should) study hard.
1.The doctor suggested that he ___________
(try) to lose his weight.
2.he insisted that we _______________ (tell)
him the news.
3.He ordered that it _____________ (be) sent back.
4.The doctor advised that he ____________
(change) his job.
should try
should tell
should be
change
中考虚拟语气
在英语表达中，说话人的口气即语气，它是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。
英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气
陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中，日常生活中 大多使用这种语气。
祈使语气（the Imperative Mood)我们提出劝告、请求、命令等时，就用祈使语气。用于祈使句。
虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
虚拟语气的用法
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；
2、宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法；
条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的。
非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。
If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma.
If I were a bird, I would fly to America.
if引导的虚拟条件句
如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事
If he comes here tomorrow, I will tell him about it.
If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it, but he is too busy.
If he should come here tomorrow, I would tell him about it, but he is too busy.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him, but he is too busy.
，但他
太忙了。
1. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
(通常有时间状语)
If he came/should come/were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him about it, but he is too busy.
If + 主 + did(were to do/should do),
主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
注：be动词在虚拟语气中，只能用were。
1. 如果明天不上班，我就可以去打篮球了。
If I _______________ tomorrow, I ______________ basketball.
2. 要是人不会死，世界会怎么样？
What ________ the world ______ like if people
_____________
3. 如果明天是世界末日，你想做什么？
If it _____________ doomsday tomorrow, what _________ you _____
could play
didn't work
would
be
didn't die
were to be
would
do
1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
If I were you, I would try it again.
2. 如果我现在有一百万美元，我会买下这辆车。
If I had one million dollars now, I would buy the car.
3. 要是我瘦一点，就能穿上这件外套了。
If I were thinner, I could put on the coat.
2. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If I were you, I would try it again.
If I had one million dollars now, I would buy the car.
If I were thinner, I could put on the coat.
If + 主 + did(were),
主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
1. 如果你是一只鸟，你就能去任何地方了。
If you _______ a bird, you ___________ wherever you want to.
2. 要是我家离学校近一点，我就能多睡一会了。
If my home _______ near school, I _______________ more.
3. 如果我学习足够好，就不用补课了。
If I ______ well at school, I ____________-___ to the training school.
could go
were
were
could sleep
did
wouldn't go
1. 如果我早到那儿，我应该会见到她。
If I had got there earlier，I should have met her.
2. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
If he had taken my advice，he could not have made such a mistake.
3. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If I had got there earlier, I should have met her.
If he had taken my advice, he could not have made such a mistake.
If +主 +had done,
主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）
1. 如果我够努力的话，考试就能及格了。
If I _______________ hard, I _______________________ the exam.
2. 要是我早到十分钟，就不会错过火车了。
If I _______________ ten minutes early, I ____________________________ the train.
3. 如果当时不放弃，就不会后悔了。
If I ___________________, I _____________________________ it.
had studied
could have passed
wouldn't have missed
had arrived
hadn't given up
wouldn't have regreted
主从句的谓语形式
从句 主句
将来
现在
过去
主语+过去时(were)
+ were to do
+should do
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+过去时(were)
主语+had done
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+should/ would/might/ could+have done
1. If you __________tomorrow, you _________
find the new manager working in the office.
A. should come; would B. would come; would
C. will come; should D. comes; might
2. If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.
A. arrives B. arrive
C. had arrived D. has arrived
3. --If he _________ he ___________ that food.
--Luckily he was sent to the hospital
immediately.
A. was warned; would not have taken
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
4. I am not free today. If I _____ free today , I _____ and visit some of my friends .
A. am will go B. were , would go
C. shall be D. be , must go
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going .
A. had been , would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent
C. were, would have prevented
如何区别真实条件句和虚拟语气
1. 看假设的条件是否真实
2. 看时态是否与过去相关
If it _____ (be) a fine day tomorrow, we ___________ (play) football.
If it _______ (be) summer now, we could go
swimming in the river.
is
will play
were
注：if虚拟语气中的倒装和省略
把句子中的谓语动词的部分(助、情、be动词)或全部提前到主语前，句子结构发生变化，这样的句子叫倒装句。
Tom does well at school.
Does Tom do well at school
A tall tree stands in front of our school.
in front of our school stands a tall tree.
1. Should I meet her,I would tell her.
2. Were I in your position, I might do it
better.
3. Had you taken my advice, you could have passed the examination.
倒装和省略的条件
1.必须是虚拟条件句，真实条件句不可以省略if.
2.只有当虚拟条件句中有were、had、should等词时，才可以省略if.
3.省略if时，主语与were、had、should的位置必须相互调换.
4. if省略和倒装是同时进行的。
If I were you, I would try it again.
I were you, I would try it again.
Were I you, I would try it again.
If he had been there yesterday, he would
have seen the film.
he had been there yesterday, he would
have seen the film.
Had he been there yesterday, he would
have seen the film.
1. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
2. If I were to set off tomorrow, I would be late.
Were I to set off tomorrow, I would be late.
3. ____________ the exam, he would have attend a college.
A. If he passed B. Had he passed
C. Were he passed D. If he should pass
4. ___________ five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.
A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive
C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive
5. ________ it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.
A. Were B. should C. would D. will
6. ________ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were
C. Were I D. Was I
主从句的谓语形式
从句 主句
将来
现在
过去
主语+过去时(were)
+ were to do
+should do
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+过去时(were)
主语+had done
主语+should/ would/might/ could+动原
主语+should/ would/might/ could+have done
1. If I ______ (be)invited, I would go to the dinner.
2. If he _________________(be)ill and missed many classes, he _______________________(make) greater progress.
3. If she ___________(see) you yesterday ,she _______________________ (ask) you about it.
4. If you __________________ (follow)the doctor's advice then,you would have been all right then.
were
hadn’t been
would have made
had seen
would have asked
had followed
5.The rice ______ if you had been more careful.
A. would not be burning
B. would not burn
C. would not have burnt
D. would not burnt
6. If I ______ you, I would not do it.
A. am B. were C. was D. being
C
B
7.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If
she ______ she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had come
8. ______ for the free tickets, I would not
have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. If it had not been D. If they have not
D
C
9. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn,
you ______ so tired.
A. drove ; didn’t get
B. drove ; wouldn’t get
C. were driving ; wouldn’t get
D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
10. If it ______ tomorrow, they will not go
there by bike.
A. will rain B. rains
C. would rain D. should rain
B
D
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
1. 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用：
我希望和你一样高。
I wish (that) I were as tall as you.
他希望他没讲那样的话。
He wishes (that) he hadn't said that.
我希望明天下雨就好了。
I wish (that) it would rain tomorrow.
我真希望吴老师不是的英语老师。
I wish Mr. Wu were not my English teacher.
我真希望有一辆车。
I wish I had a car.
现在的虚拟：主语+过去时(were)
1. 真希望我很能再尝试一次。
I wish I could/would try it again.
2. 真的很想能赢得这次比赛。
I wish I could/would win the game.
将来的虚拟：主语+could/would +动原
1. 你要是来我的生日聚会就好了。
I wish you had come to my birthday party.
2. 真想不那么粗心。
I wish I had been so careless.
过去的虚拟：主语+had done
1.I wish that I ______________________ (go)with you last night.
2.I wish it ______ (be) not so cold outside.
3.I didn’t go to the party, but I do
wish I _____________ (be) there.
4.I wish we __________ (go)with my brother
when he flies to England next week.
5. He is not a pilot, but he wishes he _______ (be).
could have gone
had been
could go
were
were
6. I wish I ___________(meet) him yesterday.
7. --You have made some mistakes.
--I wish I _______ mistakes every day.
A. don’t make B. haven’t made
C. wouldn’t make D. didn’t make
had met
C
2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
一些表示命令、建议、要求的动词：
一个坚持
两个命令
三项建议
四项要求
宾语从句中当主句的谓语动词为以上动词时，
从句要是用虚拟语气。
insist
order, command
advise, suggest, propose
request, ask, require, demand
宾语从句要用虚拟语气，(should) + 动原
1. 我建议下周开会。
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting
next week.
2. 他坚持努力学习。
He insists that I (should) study hard.
1.The doctor suggested that he ___________
(try) to lose his weight.
2.he insisted that we _______________ (tell)
him the news.
3.He ordered that it _____________ (be) sent back.
4.The doctor advised that he ____________
(change) his job.
should try
should tell
should be
change