课程主题：B1 U3知识点梳理（下）
学习目标 1．掌握本单元出现语法—定语从句，并能灵活运用。
教学内容
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1．_______ n．恐怖→_______ adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 2．_______ vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.重新获得；恢复→_______ n．痊愈；复苏；重获 3．________ n．道歉；谢罪→________ vi.道歉，谢罪 4．________ vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→_______ n．行为，举止，态度 5．understand v．理解→_________vt.& vi.误解；误会→__________ n．误解；误会 6．_______ adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的→_______adv.慷慨地；不吝啬地→_____ n．慷慨；大方 7．_______ n．起源→_______ adj.起初的→_________ adv.起初地 8．________ adj.坦率的→_______ adv.坦率地 9．________ vt.&vi.评价→_________ n．看法；评价 10．________ adj. 肯定的→________ adv. 肯定 课文语法填空 Amy has been close with her 1______(good) friend since primary school.They always stay together，2.______(do) many things.They 3.______(plan) to go to the cinema together last Saturday afternoon，but in the morning her friend said she had a cold and couldn't make 4._____．She believed 5.______ her friend said.However，someone told her that her friend 6.______(chat) with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.Her friend's “illness” was a complete lie，which made her very 7._______(anger)．Cindy thinks that she should find an opportunity 8.______(talk) with her friend 9.______(frank) and solve the problem together，while David thinks she can decide whether their friendship will last 10.______not. A true friend can always be trusted，loved and respected.If you tell a friend your secrets，he or she won't tell anyone else. Friends share each other's joys and sorrows.They help each other when they are in trouble，and cheer each other up when they are sad.The most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion，when you have made a good friend，don't forget him or her. 知识梳理 1. count on依赖，依靠，指望 (教材P34) A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 真正的朋友是我们可以信赖的人。 [例1] If I got into trouble，I could always count on Rose. 如果我有麻烦，我总是可以依靠罗丝。 [例2] You can count on them to do good，important things most of the time. 你可以指望他们在大多数时间做正确且重要的事情。 [造句] 你可以信赖我的支持。 You can count on my support. [归纳拓展] count vi. 认为；算作；重要 vt. 数数 count...in 包括……在内 count...out 不包括…… count...as/to be... 把……视为…… count among 把……计算在内；包括 count up 计算，算出总数 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 I count him ______ my closest friend. ②If you're having a party，count me _______． 2. quality n．品德，素质；质量；特征 adj.优质的，高质量的 (教材P37) In my opinion，the following qualities form the basis of a friendship. 在我看来，以下品质构成了友谊的基础。 [例1] Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are used for cooking. 每天他确保新鲜蔬菜和高质量的食用油用于烹调。 [例2] This product looks nice，but poor in quality. 这种产品表面看起来很好，质量却很差。 [造句] 我们的产品质量好。 Our products are of high/good/top quality. [归纳拓展] (1)quality n． 质量；品质；品德 of high/good/top quality 质量高 of low/bad/poor quality 质量差 (2)quantity n. 数量 a large quantity of＝large quantities of 许多，大量 [名师点津] quality作“质量”讲时通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时多用作可数名词。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 Wine_____ high quality costs more than that poor in quality. All the tractors except this are good_____quality. Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good _______(quality)． [小片段助记] Nowadays there are large quantities of people of high quality in the world，which contributes to our harmonious society. 3. respect vt.尊敬；尊重 n．尊敬；敬意；重视 (教材P37) I must respect and support the choices he makes. 我必须尊重和支持他的选择。 [例1] Everyone has a right to be treated with respect. 人人有权受到尊重。 [例2] I have the greatest respect for your brother. 我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 [造句] 他根本不尊重她的感受。 He has no respect for her feelings. [归纳拓展] (1)respect sb./sth. 尊敬某人/某物 respect sb.as... 尊敬某人为…… respect sb.for... 因……而尊敬某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 out of respect 出于尊重 send/give one's respects to sb. 代某人向某人致敬/问候 in this respect 在这方面 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 Please give my _______(respect) to your parents. I want him to respect me ______a career woman. ③We should show respect_______ our parents. 4. bring out使显现，使表现出 (教材P37) To me，a good friend brings out the best in a person. 对我来说，好朋友能激发出一个人最好的一面。 [例1] Next month they will bring out a new edition of the book. 下个月他们将出版这本书的一个新版本。 [例2] The band have just brought out their second album. 这个乐队刚刚推出了他们的第二张专辑。 [造句] 那件衣服果真能衬托出你眼睛的颜色。 That dress really brings out the colour of your eyes. [归纳拓展] bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring in 引进；获利；赚钱 bring about 引起；导致 bring down 使倒下；减少；降低(价格、温度等) [即学即练] 单句语法填空 His new suggestion_____________(bring) up at the meeting yesterday. ②Computers have brought _________ many changes in the workplace. ③We need to bring in a lot more new business. 5. benefit n．优势，益处；成效 vt.使受益；vi.得益于 (教材P39) As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. 由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。 [例1] China has been pushing the reform for the benefit of all its citizens. 中国一直在为了全体公民的利益而推行改革。 [例2] The sea air will benefit you. 海边的空气对你有益。 [造句] 阅读使我受益匪浅。 I have benefited a lot from reading. [归纳拓展] (1)for the benefit of 为……的利益 be of benefit to 对……有益 (2)benefit from/by... 从……受益；得益于 benefit sb. 对某人有益 (3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的 be beneficial to 对……有益；对……有利 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 He considered that the change would be _________(benefit) to her health. Reading more books is _______ great benefit to children. A large number of students will benefit _______the new teaching method. ④For ________benefit of those people who arrived late，I'll just go over the plan again. 6. comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.宽慰；抚慰 (教材P39) Generally speaking，close friendships have three “fruits”：they may comfort the heart，... 一般来说，亲密的友谊产生三个“成果”：它们可以安慰心灵…… [例1] The man is working hard to make his family live in comfort. 为了使家人舒适地生活，这个人拼命地干活。 [例2] My parents often comfort me with some inspiring words. 我的父母经常用一些令人鼓舞的话安慰我。 [造句] 得知他们都很安全，对我来说是个安慰。 It is a comfort to me to know that they are all safe. [归纳拓展] (1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰 It's a comfort to do sth. 做……是令人安慰的事。 (2)comfort sb.＝give comfort to sb. 安慰某人 (3)comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的 (4)comfortably adv. 舒适地 [名师点津] comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy等。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 He had to save enough money so that he could live ________(comfortable)． Were it not for science，we could not live a _________(comfort) life. My mom always ________(comfort) me when I am sick. ④A hot cup of milk on a cold night is______ real comfort. 7. take on 呈现，具有 (教材P39) Here，friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！ [例1] No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 没有任何其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。 [例2] He has taken on some bad habits. 他有一些坏习惯。 [造句] 这家老厂换了新面貌。 This old factory has taken on a new look. [归纳拓展] take off 脱(衣服、鞋帽)；(飞机)起飞； (事业)起步，腾飞 take in 吸引；欺骗；包括；理解 take over 接收；接管 take up 占据；继续；拿起；从事 take down 拆除；取下；写下，记下 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 I heard that the club took ______ a new member last week. Take _____your coat because it is hot here. I'm going to take_______ the company one day. ④I won't take ______ much of your time. 8. admire vt.钦佩，欣赏 (教材P41) They admired each other and quickly became friends. 他们互相欣赏，很快就成了朋友。 [例1] He is admired for his good knowledge of French. 他因精通法语而受到推崇。 [例2] We took time to stop and admire the view. 我们特意停下来欣赏风景。 [造句] 我很钦佩你。 I admire you very much. [归纳拓展] (1)admire vt. 钦佩；赞美，羡慕 admire sb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事钦佩某人 (2)admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 admiration for sb./sth. 赞赏某人/某物 with/in admiration 钦佩地 (3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 I have great ______ (admire) for her as a writer. The school is widely admired ______ its excellent teaching. This essay is________(admire) in all respects. I don't agree with her，but I admire her for _______(stick) to her view. 语法梳理 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。 先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。 [观察例句] 1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside. 2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an. 3．Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen. 4．I like the way (that/in which) she smiles. 5．The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 6．Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 7．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 8．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. [归纳用法] 一、定语从句的先行词 先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布： [即学即练1] 找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词 Is this the book which your father bought for you？_______ ②Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？_______ They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.______ ④Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields._______ 二、关系代词的用法 1．that的用法 that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。 This is the book.I want to read it. →This is the book (that)I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语) [即学即练2] 使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分 This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house. →This is the house (that) Lu Xun once lived in．(________) Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy. →Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he used to be．(_________) The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom. →The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(_________) I don't like the way.He looks at me in the way. →I don't like the way (that) he looks at me．(________) 2．which的用法 which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。 The houses overlook the lake.They cost more. →The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which指代the houses，在定语从句中充当主语) [即学即练3] 单句语法填空 Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy. ②Finally he reached a lonely island__________was completely cut off from the outside world. 3．who的用法 who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball. →The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming. 正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语) [即学即练4] 写出下面句子中who作什么成分 Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly.______ ②The boy who is standing there is my cousin.______ 4．whom的用法 whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 This is the girl.I met the girl in the street. →This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语) [即学即练5] 翻译句子 大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。 __________________________________. 杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。 ___________________________________________ 5．whose的用法 whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时，相当于of which the。 I have read the book.I like its characters very much. →I have read the book whose/of which the characters I like very much. 我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语) [即学即练6] 用定语从句合并句子 This is the scientist.His achievements are well known. →This is the scientist _____________________________． Don't stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair. →Don't stand close to the house _____________________． 6．关系代词that与which的区别 情况用that还是which先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰that先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰that先行词前有the very，the only等修饰that先行词既指人也指物that先行词前有疑问代词which时thatthere be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词that句中已经出现过that或which交替使用先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语that关系代词前面有介词which关系代词后面带有插入语which
[即学即练7] 选词填空：which，that The scientist and his achievements_____ you told me about are admired by us all. Here is the book about _______ I told you yesterday. This is the best way ______ is to be used against pollution. ④Here is the English grammar book ______，as I've told you，will help you improve your English. All the presents______ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. ⑥This is the very book _______ I have been looking for. 三、关系代词的省略 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。 The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager. 你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。 Is there anything(that)I can do for you 有什么我能为你效劳的吗？ [即学即练8] 请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词 This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read. This is the person _______story surprised everybody. He often helps the students ______ he thinks are not quick at their study. ④Who was the woman_______ you were talking with 【例题精讲】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I still remember the earthquake _______happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 2．Have you read the book ________was written by Anne Frank 3．The first thing ______ he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 4．Is this the teacher _______rescued several students from the burning building 5．Do you know the lady ________our English teacher is talking with under the big tree 6．It is the tallest building _______ Daming has ever seen since he came here. 7．My father bought a new bike for me _______ price added up to more than 1，000 yuan. 8．She said she would do anything_______ could help her mother recover from the disease. 9．Anyone________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 10．The boy and the dog _______ are in the picture are very lovely. 【巩固练习】 Ⅱ.短文语法填空 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，1._______ is a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 2._______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 3._____ fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city. Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 4._______ was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 5._______ are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 6._______ are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，7._______ is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 8._________ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Once in a while，you will need to come across sentences that make you smile as you will need more inspiration and motivation(动机)to go on with your life.Which sentence do you think will make you smile the most？ 16 ●Yes，today，everything is going to be great! Your thoughts can heavily influence your actions and also your mood for the day.Choose to read sentences that make you smile.Be grateful for another day that you're alive.Choose to spend your life with optimistic thoughts and refreshing beliefs，and get rid of any thought that says otherwise. 17 ●You are here in this world to make a positive difference. You were given a gift，a talent or a skill that you can use to help encourage yourself and finally inspire others.Make the most out of it by touching lives and influencing people to change for the better. ●It doesn't matter how many times you fail；what matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 18 Learn from the successful people and use failures as life's way of teaching us valuable lessons.Want to know a secret？Successful people fail a lot more than unsuccessful ones. ● 19 Past arguments，physical wounds，broken hearts－all of these can be healed in time. 20 You just need to wait for the right time for all the pain to be forgotten and for all the scars to fade away. A．Don't be discouraged by your failures! B．You have the power to spend your life with people who truly matter to you. C．Time heals almost everything，so give time some time to work. D．Life is too precious to waste time hating anyone. E．Don't be in such a rush，and don't force things to heal immediately. F．I hope these sentences will be useful and helpful in your life. G．Indeed，every day can be a great day if you want it to be. 回顾B1U3语法和词汇。 .短语填空 on the rocks；out of one's sight；make it；at a loss；in the wrong；hang out；in any case；instead of 1．Stick to it and you'll ______ in time. 2．In attacking a smaller boy，he was plainly_______． 3．He found himself ________for words. 4．She ________ the wet clothes on the line to dry. 5．_________，this was a matter for debate，not for war. 6．Their marriage has been ________ for a couple of months. 7．She never lets her daughter________． 8．Now I can walk to work _________ going by car. C Dear Mr.Expert， I grew up in an unhappy and abusive home.I always promised myself that I'd get out as soon as possible. Now，at age 20，I have a good job and a nice house，and I'm really proud of the independence I've achieved(获得)． Here's the problem：several of my friends who still live with their parents wish they had places like mine－so much that they make mine theirs. It started out with a couple of them spending the weekends with me.But now they seem to take it for granted(认为理所当然)that they can show up any time they like.They bring boyfriends over，talk on the phone and stay out forever. I enjoy having my friends here sometimes－it makes the place feel comfortable and warm－but this is my home，not a party house.I am old enough to move out on my own，so why can't I seem to ask my friends to respect my privacy(私人空间) Joan Dear Joan， If your family didn't pay attention to your needs when you were a child，you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now. And if you've gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛)，you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with－or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.You need to understand that in true friendship it's okay to put your own needs first from time to time. Be clear about the message you want to send.For example，“I really love your company but I also need some privacy.So please call before you come over.” Edward 8．We can learn from the first letter that Joan ________． A．lives away from her parents B．takes pride in her friends C．knows Mr.Expert quite well D．hates her parents very much 9．We can infer from the first letter that ________． A．Joan considers her friends more important than her privacy B．Joan's friends visit her more often than she can accept C．Joan doesn't like the parties at all D．Joan dislikes the boyfriends her friends bring over 10．According to Mr.Expert，why can't Joan tell her friends her feelings A．She is afraid of hurting her friends. B．She does not understand true friendship. C．Her family experience stops her from doing so. D．She does not put her needs first. C [细节理解题。从第二封信的第一段得知，她从小就没有把自己的需要告诉他人的习惯，因此在第三段中专家告诉她应该怎样委婉的表达。故选C。] 11．The underlined word“conflict”in the second letter means ________． A．dependent life B．fierce fight C．bad manners D．painful feeling D Once upon a time a teacher and his student lay down under a big tree near a big grass area.Then suddenly the student asked the teacher，“Sir，I'm confused.How do we find our soul mate？Can you please help me？” Silent for a few seconds，the teacher then answered，“Well，it's a pretty hard and an easy question.”The teacher continued，“Look that way.There is a lot of grass，and why don't you walk there？Please don't walk backwards.Just walk straight ahead.On your way，try to find a blade(叶片)of beautiful grass and pick it up and then give it to me.But just one.” The student said，“Well，OK，then...wait for me...”and walked straight ahead to the grassy field. A few minutes later the student came back.The teacher asked，“Well，I don't see a beautiful blade of grass in your hand.”The student said，“On my journey，I found quite a few beautiful blades of grass，but I thought that I would find a better one，so I didn't pick them.But I didn't realize until I was at the end of the field，and I hadn't picked any because you told me not to go back.”The teacher said，“That's what will happen in real life.” What is the message of this story？In the story，grass is the people around you，the beautiful blade of grass is the people that attract you and the grassy field is time. In looking for your soul mate，please don't always compare and hope that there will be a better one.By doing that，you'll waste your lifetime. 12．Why was the teacher silent for a few seconds A．Because he thought the student wanted to trouble him. B．Because he didn't want to help the student. C．Because he didn't know the answer. D．Because he felt the question was difficult to answer immediately. 13．How did the student feel like finding a beautiful blade of grass A．Hard. B．Easy. C．Boring. D．Interesting. 14．The teacher asked the student to walk to the grass so that ________． A．he could get a beautiful blade of grass B．the student couldn't ask him questions C．the student could understand the question better D．the student could find the answer himself 15．What can we infer from the passage A．Never miss the soul mate you meet. B．Time never goes back. C．Every dog has his lucky day. D．All roads lead to Rome.
第17页 共17页课程主题： B1U3知识点梳理（下）
学习目标 1．掌握本单元的语法—定语从句，并能灵活运用。
教学内容
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1．horror n．恐怖→horrible adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 2．recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.重新获得；恢复→recovery n．痊愈；复苏；重获 3．apology n．道歉；谢罪→apologize vi.道歉，谢罪 4．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour/behavior n．行为，举止，态度 5．understand v．理解→misunderstand vt.& vi.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会 6．generous adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的→generously adv.慷慨地；不吝啬地→generosity n．慷慨；大方 7．origin n．起源→original adj.起初的→originally adv.起初地 8．frank adj.坦率的→frankly adv.坦率地 9．judge vt.&vi.评价→judgement n．看法；评价 10．definite adj.肯定的→definitely adv.肯定 课文语法填空 Amy has been close with her 1.best(good) friend since primary school.They always stay together，2.doing(do) many things.They 3.had planned(plan) to go to the cinema together last Saturday afternoon，but in the morning her friend said she had a cold and couldn't make 4.it．She believed 5.what her friend said.However，someone told her that her friend 6.was chatting(chat) with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.Her friend's “illness” was a complete lie，which made her very 7.angry(anger)．Cindy thinks that she should find an opportunity 8.to talk(talk) with her friend 9.frankly(frank) and solve the problem together，while David thinks she can decide whether their friendship will last 10.or not. A true friend can always be trusted，loved and respected.If you tell a friend your secrets，he or she won't tell anyone else. Friends share each other's joys and sorrows.They help each other when they are in trouble，and cheer each other up when they are sad.The most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion，when you have made a good friend，don't forget him or her. 知识梳理 1. count on依赖，依靠，指望 (教材P34) A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 真正的朋友是我们可以信赖的人。 [例1] If I got into trouble，I could always count on Rose. 如果我有麻烦，我总是可以依靠罗丝。 [例2] You can count on them to do good，important things most of the time. 你可以指望他们在大多数时间做正确且重要的事情。 [造句] 你可以信赖我的支持。 You can count on my support. [归纳拓展] count vi. 认为；算作；重要 vt. 数数 count...in 包括……在内 count...out 不包括…… count...as/to be... 把……视为…… count among 把……计算在内；包括 count up 计算，算出总数 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①I count him as my closest friend. ②If you're having a party，count me in． 2. quality n．品德，素质；质量；特征 adj.优质的，高质量的 (教材P37) In my opinion，the following qualities form the basis of a friendship. 在我看来，以下品质构成了友谊的基础。 [例1] Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are used for cooking. 每天他确保新鲜蔬菜和高质量的食用油用于烹调。 [例2] This product looks nice，but poor in quality. 这种产品表面看起来很好，质量却很差。 [造句] 我们的产品质量好。 Our products are of high/good/top quality. [归纳拓展] (1)quality n． 质量；品质；品德 of high/good/top quality 质量高 of low/bad/poor quality 质量差 (2)quantity n. 数量 a large quantity of＝large quantities of 许多，大量 [名师点津] quality作“质量”讲时通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时多用作可数名词。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①Wine of high quality costs more than that poor in quality. ②All the tractors except this are good in quality. ③Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good qualities (quality)． [小片段助记] Nowadays there are large quantities of people of high quality in the world，which contributes to our harmonious society. 3. respect vt.尊敬；尊重 n．尊敬；敬意；重视 (教材P37) I must respect and support the choices he makes. 我必须尊重和支持他的选择。 [例1] Everyone has a right to be treated with respect. 人人有权受到尊重。 [例2] I have the greatest respect for your brother. 我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 [造句] 他根本不尊重她的感受。 He has no respect for her feelings. [归纳拓展] (1)respect sb./sth. 尊敬某人/某物 respect sb.as... 尊敬某人为…… respect sb.for... 因……而尊敬某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 out of respect 出于尊重 send/give one's respects to sb. 代某人向某人致敬/问候 in this respect 在这方面 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①Please give my respects(respect) to your parents. ②I want him to respect me as a career woman. ③We should show respect for our parents. 4. bring out使显现，使表现出 (教材P37) To me，a good friend brings out the best in a person. 对我来说，好朋友能激发出一个人最好的一面。 [例1] Next month they will bring out a new edition of the book. 下个月他们将出版这本书的一个新版本。 [例2] The band have just brought out their second album. 这个乐队刚刚推出了他们的第二张专辑。 [造句] 那件衣服果真能衬托出你眼睛的颜色。 That dress really brings out the colour of your eyes. [归纳拓展] bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring in 引进；获利；赚钱 bring about 引起；导致 bring down 使倒下；减少；降低(价格、温度等) [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①His new suggestion was brought(bring) up at the meeting yesterday. ②Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace. ③We need to bring in a lot more new business. 5. benefit n．优势，益处；成效 vt.使受益；vi.得益于 (教材P39) As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. 由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。 [例1] China has been pushing the reform for the benefit of all its citizens. 中国一直在为了全体公民的利益而推行改革。 [例2] The sea air will benefit you. 海边的空气对你有益。 [造句] 阅读使我受益匪浅。 I have benefited a lot from reading. [归纳拓展] (1)for the benefit of 为……的利益 be of benefit to 对……有益 (2)benefit from/by... 从……受益；得益于 benefit sb. 对某人有益 (3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的 be beneficial to 对……有益；对……有利 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①He considered that the change would be beneficial(benefit) to her health. ②Reading more books is of great benefit to children. ③A large number of students will benefit from the new teaching method. ④For the benefit of those people who arrived late，I'll just go over the plan again. 6. comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.宽慰；抚慰 (教材P39) Generally speaking，close friendships have three “fruits”：they may comfort the heart，... 一般来说，亲密的友谊产生三个“成果”：它们可以安慰心灵…… [例1] The man is working hard to make his family live in comfort. 为了使家人舒适地生活，这个人拼命地干活。 [例2] My parents often comfort me with some inspiring words. 我的父母经常用一些令人鼓舞的话安慰我。 [造句] 得知他们都很安全，对我来说是个安慰。 It is a comfort to me to know that they are all safe. [归纳拓展] (1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰 It's a comfort to do sth. 做……是令人安慰的事。 (2)comfort sb.＝give comfort to sb. 安慰某人 (3)comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的 (4)comfortably adv. 舒适地 [名师点津] comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy等。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortably(comfortable)． ②Were it not for science，we could not live a comfortable(comfort) life. ③My mom always comforts(comfort) me when I am sick. ④A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort. 7. take on 呈现，具有 (教材P39) Here，friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！ [例1] No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 没有任何其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。 [例2] He has taken on some bad habits. 他有一些坏习惯。 [造句] 这家老厂换了新面貌。 This old factory has taken on a new look. [归纳拓展] take off 脱(衣服、鞋帽)；(飞机)起飞； (事业)起步，腾飞 take in 吸引；欺骗；包括；理解 take over 接收；接管 take up 占据；继续；拿起；从事 take down 拆除；取下；写下，记下 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①I heard that the club took in a new member last week. ②Take off your coat because it is hot here. ③I'm going to take over the company one day. ④I won't take up much of your time. 8. admire vt.钦佩，欣赏 (教材P41) They admired each other and quickly became friends. 他们互相欣赏，很快就成了朋友。 [例1] He is admired for his good knowledge of French. 他因精通法语而受到推崇。 [例2] We took time to stop and admire the view. 我们特意停下来欣赏风景。 [造句] 我很钦佩你。 I admire you very much. [归纳拓展] (1)admire vt. 钦佩；赞美，羡慕 admire sb.for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事钦佩某人 (2)admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 admiration for sb./sth. 赞赏某人/某物 with/in admiration 钦佩地 (3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①I have great admiration (admire) for her as a writer. ②The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. ③This essay is admirable(admire) in all respects. ④I don't agree with her，but I admire her for sticking(stick) to her view. 语法梳理 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。 先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。 [观察例句] 1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside. 2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an. 3．Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen. 4．I like the way (that/in which) she smiles. 5．The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 6．Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 7．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 8．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. [归纳用法] 一、定语从句的先行词 先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布： [即学即练1] 找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词 ①Is this the book which your father bought for you？the book ②Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？the man ③They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.the man ④Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.Some people 二、关系代词的用法 1．that的用法 that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。 This is the book.I want to read it. →This is the book (that)I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语) [即学即练2] 使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分 ①This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house. →This is the house (that) Lu Xun once lived in．(that在定语从句中作宾语) ②Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy. →Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he used to be．(that在定语从句中作表语) ③The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom. →The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(that在定语从句中作主语) ④I don't like the way.He looks at me in the way. →I don't like the way (that) he looks at me．(that在定语从句中作状语) 2．which的用法 which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。 The houses overlook the lake.They cost more. →The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which指代the houses，在定语从句中充当主语) [即学即练3] 单句语法填空 ①Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy. ②Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world. 3．who的用法 who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball. →The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming. 正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语) [即学即练4] 写出下面句子中who作什么成分 ①Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly.宾语 ②The boy who is standing there is my cousin.主语 4．whom的用法 whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 This is the girl.I met the girl in the street. →This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语) [即学即练5] 翻译句子 ①大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。 The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. ②杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。 Jack is no longer the person(that/who/whom)I met five years ago. 5．whose的用法 whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时，相当于of which the。 I have read the book.I like its characters very much. →I have read the book whose/of which the characters I like very much. 我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语) [即学即练6] 用定语从句合并句子 ①This is the scientist.His achievements are well known. →This is the scientist whose achievements are well known． ②Don't stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair. →Don't stand close to the house whose roof is under repair． 6．关系代词that与which的区别 情况用that还是which先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰that先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰that先行词前有the very，the only等修饰that先行词既指人也指物that先行词前有疑问代词which时thatthere be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词that句中已经出现过that或which交替使用先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语that关系代词前面有介词which关系代词后面带有插入语which
[即学即练7] 选词填空：which，that ①The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. ②Here is the book about which I told you yesterday. ③This is the best way that is to be used against pollution. ④Here is the English grammar book which，as I've told you，will help you improve your English. ⑤All the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. ⑥This is the very book that I have been looking for. 三、关系代词的省略 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。 The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager. 你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。 Is there anything(that)I can do for you 有什么我能为你效劳的吗？ [即学即练8] 请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词 ①This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever read. ②This is the person whose story surprised everybody. ③He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their study. ④Who was the woman (that) you were talking with 【例题精讲】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I still remember the earthquake that/which happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 2．Have you read the book that/which was written by Anne Frank 3．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 4．Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building 5．Do you know the lady who/that/whom our English teacher is talking with under the big tree 6．It is the tallest building that Daming has ever seen since he came here. 7．My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1，000 yuan. 8．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease. 9．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 10．The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 【巩固练习】 Ⅱ.短文语法填空 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，1.which is a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 2.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 3.who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better known city. Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 4.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 5.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 6.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，7.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 8.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Once in a while，you will need to come across sentences that make you smile as you will need more inspiration and motivation(动机)to go on with your life.Which sentence do you think will make you smile the most？ 16 ●Yes，today，everything is going to be great! Your thoughts can heavily influence your actions and also your mood for the day.Choose to read sentences that make you smile.Be grateful for another day that you're alive.Choose to spend your life with optimistic thoughts and refreshing beliefs，and get rid of any thought that says otherwise. 17 ●You are here in this world to make a positive difference. You were given a gift，a talent or a skill that you can use to help encourage yourself and finally inspire others.Make the most out of it by touching lives and influencing people to change for the better. ●It doesn't matter how many times you fail；what matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 18 Learn from the successful people and use failures as life's way of teaching us valuable lessons.Want to know a secret？Successful people fail a lot more than unsuccessful ones. ● 19 Past arguments，physical wounds，broken hearts－all of these can be healed in time. 20 You just need to wait for the right time for all the pain to be forgotten and for all the scars to fade away. A．Don't be discouraged by your failures! B．You have the power to spend your life with people who truly matter to you. C．Time heals almost everything，so give time some time to work. D．Life is too precious to waste time hating anyone. E．Don't be in such a rush，and don't force things to heal immediately. F．I hope these sentences will be useful and helpful in your life. G．Indeed，every day can be a great day if you want it to be. 【语篇解读】 本文讲述的是最能够使你微笑的四个句子。 16．F [根据语境可知，本空应选一个能总领下文的句子，故F项符合语境。] 17．G [根据本段第一句内容可知应选G项，首尾呼应。] 18．A [从上一句中的“how many times you fail”和空后的“use failures as life's way of teaching us valuable lessons”可以推知，应该选A。] 19．C [从下文中的healed可以看出，此处应选C与之呼应。] 20．E [从前面的“in time”和空后的“You just need to wait for the right time.”可以看出，此处应该选E。] 回顾B1U3（Welcome-Reading）的重点单词，短语和句型。 .短语填空 on the rocks；out of one's sight；make it；at a loss；in the wrong；hang out；in any case；instead of 1．Stick to it and you'll make it in time. 2．In attacking a smaller boy，he was plainly in the wrong． 3．He found himself at a loss for words. 4．She hung out the wet clothes on the line to dry. 5．In any case，this was a matter for debate，not for war. 6．Their marriage has been on the rocks for a couple of months. 7．She never lets her daughter out of her sight． 8．Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. C Dear Mr.Expert， I grew up in an unhappy and abusive home.I always promised myself that I'd get out as soon as possible. Now，at age 20，I have a good job and a nice house，and I'm really proud of the independence I've achieved(获得)． Here's the problem：several of my friends who still live with their parents wish they had places like mine－so much that they make mine theirs. It started out with a couple of them spending the weekends with me.But now they seem to take it for granted(认为理所当然)that they can show up any time they like.They bring boyfriends over，talk on the phone and stay out forever. I enjoy having my friends here sometimes－it makes the place feel comfortable and warm－but this is my home，not a party house.I am old enough to move out on my own，so why can't I seem to ask my friends to respect my privacy(私人空间) Joan Dear Joan， If your family didn't pay attention to your needs when you were a child，you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now. And if you've gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛)，you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with－or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.You need to understand that in true friendship it's okay to put your own needs first from time to time. Be clear about the message you want to send.For example，“I really love your company but I also need some privacy.So please call before you come over.” Edward 【语篇解读】 本文是两封关于Joan在生活中遇到问题求助专家并得到回复的书信。 8．We can learn from the first letter that Joan ________． A．lives away from her parents B．takes pride in her friends C．knows Mr.Expert quite well D．hates her parents very much A [细节理解题。从第一封信得知，Joan已经有了工作和房子，并且很自豪她所得到的独立。故选A。] 9．We can infer from the first letter that ________． A．Joan considers her friends more important than her privacy B．Joan's friends visit her more often than she can accept C．Joan doesn't like the parties at all D．Joan dislikes the boyfriends her friends bring over B [推理判断题。从第一封信可以看出，Joan对她的朋友们的经常来访感到了压力，她自己没有了独自的生活空间。故选B。] 10．According to Mr.Expert，why can't Joan tell her friends her feelings A．She is afraid of hurting her friends. B．She does not understand true friendship. C．Her family experience stops her from doing so. D．She does not put her needs first. C [细节理解题。从第二封信的第一段得知，她从小就没有把自己的需要告诉他人的习惯，因此在第三段中专家告诉她应该怎样委婉的表达。故选C。] 11．The underlined word“conflict”in the second letter means ________． A．dependent life B．fierce fight C．bad manners D．painful feeling B [词义猜测题。此题应从破折号后的解释中反馈信息，她不想失去或破坏这个友好的氛围，这样会让她又回到自己孤军奋战的境地中。bring back和destroy是理解conflict的关键。正确答案为B。] D Once upon a time a teacher and his student lay down under a big tree near a big grass area.Then suddenly the student asked the teacher，“Sir，I'm confused.How do we find our soul mate？Can you please help me？” Silent for a few seconds，the teacher then answered，“Well，it's a pretty hard and an easy question.”The teacher continued，“Look that way.There is a lot of grass，and why don't you walk there？Please don't walk backwards.Just walk straight ahead.On your way，try to find a blade(叶片)of beautiful grass and pick it up and then give it to me.But just one.” The student said，“Well，OK，then...wait for me...”and walked straight ahead to the grassy field. A few minutes later the student came back.The teacher asked，“Well，I don't see a beautiful blade of grass in your hand.”The student said，“On my journey，I found quite a few beautiful blades of grass，but I thought that I would find a better one，so I didn't pick them.But I didn't realize until I was at the end of the field，and I hadn't picked any because you told me not to go back.”The teacher said，“That's what will happen in real life.” What is the message of this story？In the story，grass is the people around you，the beautiful blade of grass is the people that attract you and the grassy field is time. In looking for your soul mate，please don't always compare and hope that there will be a better one.By doing that，you'll waste your lifetime. 【语篇解读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。一位教师通过让学生寻找美丽的草叶使学生明白这样的道理：时间一去不复返，要把握住现在所拥有的。 12．Why was the teacher silent for a few seconds A．Because he thought the student wanted to trouble him. B．Because he didn't want to help the student. C．Because he didn't know the answer. D．Because he felt the question was difficult to answer immediately. D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Well，it's a pretty hard and an easy question.”可推知，这位教师没有立即回答学生的问题，是因为他觉得这是一个很难立刻回答的问题。] 13．How did the student feel like finding a beautiful blade of grass A．Hard. B．Easy. C．Boring. D．Interesting. A [推理判断题。根据第四段学生说的话可推知，他觉得要找出一片美丽的草叶很不容易。] 14．The teacher asked the student to walk to the grass so that ________． A．he could get a beautiful blade of grass B．the student couldn't ask him questions C．the student could understand the question better D．the student could find the answer himself C [推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“That's what will happen in real life.”可推知，教师让学生做这件事情后才回答了学生的问题，这样能让学生更好地理解这个问题，故C项正确。] 15．What can we infer from the passage A．Never miss the soul mate you meet. B．Time never goes back. C．Every dog has his lucky day. D．All roads lead to Rome. B [推理判断题。根据短文最后两段可知，作者认为时间一去不复返，要把握住现在所拥有的，否则你就浪费了时间。A项表述太具体，不是推理所得。]
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