UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The customers could select the __appropriate__(合适的) product from this full list.
2．The past ten years has __witnessed__(见证) the achievements of developing sports business.
3．The company has many branches and e __mploys__ 2,000 people nationwide.
4．Somewhere in the depths of the pine forest an __identical__(相同的) sound reverberated.
5．The waitress spoke little English, so her husband came with her to __interpret__(口译).
6．Judging from his expression, I knew he was not in f __avour__ of my plan.
7．As is known to all, lack of confidence is a psychological __barrier__(障碍) to success.
8．I woke up with a __slight__(轻微的) headache.
9．His bad behaviour was just an isolated __incident__(发生的事情).
10．He made a rude __gesture__ (手势)at the driver of the other car.
Ⅱ．选词填空
break down，by contrast，make inferences，figure out，feel down，get through
1．Optimism, __by contrast__, can make you happy, healthy and successful.
2．In order to __make inferences__, he looked into the matter many times and asked many people.
3．Let’s __break down__ the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.
4．When you __feel down__ or lost, this notebook can be your source of inspiration.
5．I was glad to hear that she __got through__ the exam, which she had been preparing for a long time.
6．I could hear them talking but I couldn’t __figure out__ what they were saying.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
As you know, different countries have different customs. Also there are many gestures showing many meanings in many countries. Here are a few examples of gestures.
A fisherman in Britain will show the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms (手掌) facing each other, the right distance apart in front of him. But the one from certain parts of Africa will measure off the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to show the number “one” is made holding up the index finger (the second finger), but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up. Some people point at objects with fingers, others by sticking out the lips. The gesture for “come here” is made in Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and bent towards the body; in Egypt the hand is held at arm’s length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then bent.
The difference between the movements is very important, and the meanings of the same gestures may be opposite in different countries. It may bring trouble to those who do not know it well.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要是说不同国家的不同手势所代表的意义。
1．This passage is mainly about __C__.
A．different people in different countries
B．how to understand the gestures in Britain
C．the different meanings of gestures in different countries
D．how to show a gesture in Egypt
解析：主旨大意题。全文都在介绍不同的身势语在不同国家的含义。故选C。
2．Sometimes differences between the movements in different countries may bring __B__ to you.
A．good luck B．trouble
C．convenience D．happiness
解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知答案为B项。故选B。
3．According to the passage we should __D__.
A．look before we leap B．pick and choose
C．strike while the iron is hot D．do as the Romans do while in Rome
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，我们应入乡随俗。故选D。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A school in Sarajevo is making headlines for not only accepting a deaf student，but also teaching his entire class sign language to allow them to better communicate with him.
The story began in September last year when Mirzana Coralic requested the primary school in her neighborhood to enroll her 6－year－old son，Zejd. __1．D__ The teacher，Sanela Ljumanovic, accepted almost immediately, but on the first day of school，she noticed Zejd sitting all by himself. __2．F__
Sanela, determined to find a solution, tried developing a few tricks and signs of her own. But a parent of another child came up with an even better idea—getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd. __3．A__ Three months later, Zejd was happily able to communicate with all his classmates about regular things like homework and games.
__4．E__ “I like this language and I also think it will be useful when I grow up，”said Anesa Susic, one of his classmates. Now, sign language is getting quite popular at Osman Nakas primary school，with kids from other classes trying to learn as well.
Although Bosnia has laws in place that allow children with disabilities to attend all schools, there aren’t many teachers like Sanela. __5．G__ The parents of the children in Zejd’s class offered to contribute money to pay for the lessons. Of course, not all parents can afford to，but Sanela maintains confidentially about which parents pay and how much.
A．So they got an sign language teacher.
B．Therefore, Zejd’s pay is not a problem.
C．As a result, many troubles started to appear.
D．Honestly speaking, Zejd has a hearing disability.
E. The other kids in Zejd’s class are quite happy as well.
F. Zejd was unable to communicate with any of his schoolmates.
G. That’s because the Ministry of Education doesn’t pay for sign language classes.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一所学校中一个班级的学生为了更好地与一位聋哑学生沟通，全部学会了手势语。
解析：
1．由上文中的“a deaf student”可知，Zejd有听力障碍。故选D。
2．根据空前语境“… she noticed Zejd sitting all by himself. ”可判断，Zejd不能与他的同学交流。故选F。
3．前面提到“getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd”，后面又说“Three months later, Zejd was happily able to communicate with all his classmates… ”，说明学习手势语奏效，由此可判断，他们找到了一位手势语老师。故选A。
4．第四段提到了一位同学的话，又根据“Now，sign language is getting quite popular at Osman Nakas primary school… ”可判断，班里的其他孩子也很高兴。故选E。
5．根据上文提到的“there aren’t many teachers like Sanela”可知，G项“那是因为教育部不支付手语课程的费用。”是其原因。故选G。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are many different taboos (禁忌) around the world. A taboo is a social action that is not __1．allowed__(allow). Almost every culture in the world has __2．its__(it) own taboos. When you meet people from different cultures, it is important __3．to understand__(understand) what you can and cannot do. If we are not aware __4．of__ these differences, some unusual __5．things__(thing) might happen. For instance, in China, it __6．is__(be) rude to put the chopsticks into a bowl of rice straight as it is often done for the dead. If you visit Nepal, you will find Nepalese often greet each other with the hands pressed together instead of shaking hands, while in North America and the UK, people greet one another by __7．shaking__(shake) hands. If you will do business with a South American, it seems __8．impolite__(impolitely) to be dressed in the light colors. What about Japanese They __9．dislike__(like) the lotus and do not give it as a gift to Japanese because they regard it as the mourning flower. While these different customs might seem strange to you, remember that __10．what__ you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。世界上有许多不同的禁忌。当你遇到来自不同文化的人时，如果你不知道这些差异，就会发生一些不寻常的事情。
解析：
1．考查动词的语态。先行词是a social action，关系词that和谓语动词allow是被动关系，所以谓语动词用 is not allowed。故填allowed。
2．考查代词。代指主语Almost every culture in the world，用形容词性物主代词 its。故填its。
3．考查非谓语动词。it作形式主语，用动词不定式to understand作主语，表示“了解……很重要”。故填to understand。
4．考查介词。表示“意识到”，用固定短语be aware of。故填 of。
5．考查名词的数。根据修饰词 some可知用名词，且这里thing是可数名词。故填things。
6．考查系动词。根据上文可知本句用一般现在时态，且be动词要和主语 it一致。故填is。
7．考查非谓语动词。介词by 的宾语用动名词 shaking。故填shaking。
8．考查形容词。作it seems的表语，用形容词 impolite“不礼貌的”。故填impolite。
9．考查动词。根据and do not give it as a gift to Japanese可知他们不喜欢莲花。故填dislike。
10．考查连接代词。根据remember that 结构可知后面“you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others”是宾语从句，what在that宾语从句中又引导主语从句作consider的宾语。故填what。(共154张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．_________vt. 揭示；显示；露出
2．__________vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3．___________n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家
→____________n. 教育
→__________vt. 教育
4．_______vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n. 钩号
5．___________n. 趋势；倾向
reveal
clarify
educator
education
educate
tick
tendency
6．________vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的
7．________vt. 意味着；暗示
8．_________adv. 几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
9．_______n. 下巴
10．_________vt. 占据；占用
→_____________n. 职业；占据
11．________vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视
lower
imply
barely
chin
occupy
occupation
stare
12．__________n. 天花板；上限
13．___________vt. 分散(注意力)；使分心
14．___________vt. 察觉；看待；理解
15．______________vi. & vt. 区分；辨别
16．__________n. 焦虑；担心；害怕
→__________adj. 焦虑的；担心的
17．________n. 胸部；胸腔
18．______________adj. 难堪的；尴尬
ceiling
distract
perceive
distinguish
anxiety
anxious
chest
embarrassed
19．__________adj. 羞愧的；惭愧的
20．_________adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过
21．_________vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便
22．_______vi. & vt. 哭泣；流泪
23．___________n. & vi. 矛盾；冲突
24．__________vi. & vt. 询问；打听
25．_____________adv. 最终；最后
ashamed
merely
bother
weep
conflict
inquire
ultimately
26．_________vt. 调整；调节 vi. & vt. 适应；(使)习惯
→_____________n. 适应；调整
27．____________vi. 干预；介入
28．________vi. (对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应
→___________n. 反应；回应
29．____________n. 组成部分；零件
30．_______n. 语气；腔调；口吻
adjust
adjustment
intervene
react
reaction
component
tone
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．make _________有道理；讲得通
2．go ______进行；发生
3．_____ the same time同时；然而
4．_____ other words换句话说；也就是说
5．call ______(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
6．_____ work有某种影响；在工作
sense
on
at
in
on
at
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．①People have a tendency to lean towards ____________ they are interested in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
②____________ it is, I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.
不管是什么，我知道我需要调查和评估所发生的事情。
whatever
Whatever
2．Of course, _____________ who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，并不是每个抬头的学生都在专心听讲。
3．_____________ they are asleep ___________________.
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
4．________ it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
not everyone
It is as though
with their eyes open
While
5．Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may _________________________ in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies.
(那些)生气、害怕或正处于焦虑的学生可能会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，好像是在保护他们的身体一样。
have their arms crossed
Ⅳ．语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).
1．It’s easy for a teacher to know when students are interested in a lesson. ( )
2．If a student keeps looking at his watch, it means the class will come to an end. ( )
T
F
3．A student who is interested in the ceiling will stare at it for a long time. ( )
4．Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether a student is troubled or not. ( )
5．Talking to students individually can help them get the most out of school. ( )
F
T
T
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．How does a teacher know his students may have a problem？ _____
A．By talking to them individually.
B．By telephoning their parents.
C．By watching their behaviors.
D．By analysing their facial expressions.
C
2．What will students do if they are interested in a lesson？ _____
A．Look out of the window.
B．Hide their faces in their hands.
C．Lower to look at the books.
D．Lean forward and look at the teacher.
D
3．If a student has serious conflicts with other students, what should a teacher do？ _____
A．Remind him/her to forget the conflicts.
B．Inquire and assess what is going on.
C．Adjust class activities.
D．Punish all of them for the conflicts.
B
4．Knowing the students’ body language helps a teacher know the following EXCEPT _____.
A．when to start his class
B．when to talk to them face to face
C．when to intervene
D．when to adjust class activities
A
课内要点探究
The report reveals (that) the company made a loss of ￡20 million last year.
报告显示，公司去年亏损2 000万英镑。
It was revealed that important evidence had been hidden.
据透露，重要的证据被隐瞒了。
The police could not reveal how he died.
警察们不能透露他的死因。
重 点 单 词
1．reveal vt. 揭示；显示；露出
revealing adj. 发人深省的；揭露性的；暴露的
单句语法填空
①Details of the murder ______________(reveal) by the local paper.
②Some of her comments during the interview were _____________ (reveal).
完成句子
③It is normal practice not to _______________(透露细节) of a patient’s condition.
were revealed
revealing
reveal details
Your explanation has clarified this difficult sentence.
你的解释使这个难句的意思清楚了。
I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.
我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况。
He is expected to clarify his position today.
预计他今天会阐明自己的立场。
2．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
(1)clarify one’s position阐明某人的立场
clarify a situation/problem澄清情况/问题
(2)clarification n. 澄清；阐明
clarify是以后缀-ify结尾的动词，-ify意为“使得，使……变成”。以后缀-ify结尾的动词还有：simplify使简化；beautify美化；classify将……分类等。
单句语法填空
①It is important to clarify ________ the change in the law will mean.
②She ______________(simple) the instructions so that the children could understand them.
完成句子
③The reporter asked the minister to ________________________ (阐明他的立场) on welfare reform.
what
simplified
clarify his situation
Nowadays many people have a tendency to give up smoking due to its bad effects.
由于吸烟有不良影响，现如今许多人倾向于戒烟。
There is a tendency for unemployment to rise in summer.
夏季的失业率有上升的趋势。
3．tendency n. 趋势；倾向
(1)have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
a tendency to/towards… ……的倾向/趋势
(2)tend vt. 往往会 vi. 趋向 vi. & vt. 照管，护理
tend to do sth. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事
tend towards… 有……的趋势，倾向于……
Women tend to live longer than men. 女人往往比男人长寿。
His views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。
单句语法填空
①I have a tendency __________(talk) too much when I’m nervous.
②There is a growing ____________(tend) among employers to hire casual staff.
to talk
tendency
句型转换
③I tend to make mistakes when I am angry.
→I _______________ to make mistakes when I am angry.
完成句子
④There is __________________(日益增长的趋势) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
have a tendency
a growing tendency
She lowered her newspaper and looked around.
她放低报纸，往四下看了看。
It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood.
结果证明仅仅是看看绿色的、生长的东西就能减少压力，降低血压，让人心情变好。
Nina chewed her lower lip anxiously.
妮娜焦虑不安地咬着下唇。
4．lower vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的
lower可以作动词和形容词，同时也可作low的比较级。
Temperatures will be lower over the weekend.
周末气温会下降。
单句语法填空
①It is predicted that prices will be _________(low) than usual this year.
完成句子
②Many studies have shown that the company of pets can help _______________________(降低血压).
③He belongs to the __________________(中下层阶级).
④Helen _________________(降低了声音) as they approached.
lower
lower blood pressure
middle lower class
lowered her voice
Later I went to a café to have lunch, but all the tables were occupied.
随后我来到一家咖啡屋吃午餐，但桌子全都有人了。
He occupied himself with various social activities.
＝He was occupied with various social activities.
他使自己忙于各种社会活动。
5．occupy vt. 占据；占用
(1)occupy oneself with sth. /in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的
be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业， 工作
Please state your name, age and occupation below.
请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达有：be busy/engaged with sth. ；be busy/engaged (in) doing sth. 等。
单句语法填空
①She is occupied ___________ (write) a novel.
②For all these years Tom has been occupied ________ volunteer activities.
③I can’t meet you on Sunday. I’ll be otherwise ____________(occupy).
④In many of the caves there is evidence of human ______________ (occupy).
writing
with
occupied
occupation
句型转换
⑤I have been so busy with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
→I have been so ______________ work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
⑥The bed seems to occupy most of the room.
→The bed seems to __________ most of the room.
occupied with
take up
Hearing the news, he stared at me in disbelief.
听到这个消息他不相信地盯着我。
I stared at the door and wondered why she didn’t turn up.
我盯着门看，想知道她为什么没有出现。
She gave him a blank stare.
她面无表情地直视着他。
6．stare vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视
(1)stare at凝视，盯着看
(2)gaze at凝视
glare at怒视
glance at瞥一眼
look at看
fix one’s eyes on盯着看
stare at，glance at，glare at，look at
易混词 区别 例句
stare at 指长时间盯着某个目标看，且常常有粗鲁、茫然或不礼貌的意味 It’s impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street. 在大街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。
glance at 指匆匆一看或瞥一眼，强调看的时间短暂 She glanced at the envelope and recognized her uncle’s handwriting. 她看了一眼信封就认出了她叔叔的笔迹。
易混词 区别 例句
glare at 指怒视，强调敌对或威胁的态度 He didn’t shout; he just glared at me silently. 他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。
look at 看着，无感彩，强调动作 The men all turned to look at her as she entered the room. 她走进房间时，所有男士都转过来朝她看。
单句语法填空
①There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ___________ (stare) at the night sky.
②Stop ___________(stare) out of the window and do some work.
③She ignored the __________(stare) of everyone around her and left without saying anything.
staring
staring
stares
完成句子
④He _________________________(盯着试卷) blankly, not knowing what to write.
辨析填空：stare at/glance at/glare at
⑤The mother was trembling with anger. She ____________ her son and said nothing.
⑥______________ the clock on the wall, Alice found that she was late.
⑦With the audience _____________ her, the little girl felt nervous on the stage.
stared at the exam paper
glared at
Glancing at
staring at
People tend to perceive television as entertainment.
人们倾向于将电视视为娱乐。
New technology was perceived to be a threat to employment.
新技术被认为是对就业的威胁。
They perceived that the enemy was trying to wear down their resistance.
他们明白敌人试图削弱他们的抵抗力。
7．perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解
(1)perceive sb. /sth. as视为；把……当作
(2)perceive＋sb. /sth. ＋to be/ have sth. 认为/发现……是……的
(3)perceive＋that从句或what/where/who等从句
完成句子
①小偷被看到溜进房间。
The thief __________________________________.
②我意识到我不能使她改变主意。
I perceived that ________________________________.
was perceived to steal into the house
I could not make her change her mind
We should distinguish between right and wrong.
我们应辨别是非。
This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
这种任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。
8．distinguish vi. & vt. 区分；辨别
(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish… from… 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself as作为……而出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for… 因……而出名
be distinguished as… 作为……而出名
(3)distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能区分的
It’s hard to distinguish the twins.
＝It’s hard to distinguish one twin from the other.
这对双胞胎很难区分。
单句语法填空
①They can even distinguish their mother’s voice ________ that of a female stranger.
②He could not distinguish between cotton _______ wool.
③As is known to us, Mo Yan is a _______________(distinguish) novelist.
from
and
distinguished
同义句转换
④He distinguished himself by winning four prizes.
→He ________________________ winning four prizes.
完成句子
⑤Speech _______________ human beings ________(使……有别于……) animals.
was distinguished for
distinguishes
from
The old woman was waiting for the return of her relatives with anxiety.
那位老妇人焦虑地等待亲人归来。
If you’re worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor.
你要是担心自己的健康，就把你的忧虑告诉医生吧。
9．anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕
(1)with anxiety焦虑地
anxiety about/over… 对……的焦虑/忧虑
anxiety to do sth. 做某事的渴望
anxiety for sth. 对某物的渴望
(2)anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious about sth. 担心某事
be anxious for sb. 为某人担心
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that… (that 从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略)急切希望……
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；渴望地
His anxiety for knowledge is to be praised.
他对知识的渴望应该受到称赞。
He seemed anxious about the meeting.
他似乎对这次会议忧心忡忡。
She lost her job last month. She is anxious to get a new job now.
她上个月失业了。她现在渴望得到一份新工作。
单句语法填空
①He waited ________ anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.
②Children normally feel a lot of anxiety ______________ the new environment on the first day of school.
③ _____________(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
with
about/over
Anxiously
④—Jack still can’t help being anxious _________ his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his Achilles’ heel, I am afraid.
⑤According to the expert, as children grew, they became more anxious _________(get) more public approval.
⑥Parents are naturally anxious _______ their children.
about
to get
for
They were too embarrassed to ask someone to help.
他们觉得太难为情了，所以没有请人帮忙。
I felt so embarrassed about my mistake.
我为自己的错误感到尴尬。
10．embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的
(1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 尴尬于做某事
be/feel embarrassed about/at sth. 因为某事而尴尬
(2)embarrass vt. 使难堪，使局促不安
(3)embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的
(4)embarrassment n. 难堪，困窘
to one’s embarrassment使某人难堪的是
Don’t ask others questions that may embarrass them.
不要问可能会让他人尴尬的问题。
It can be embarrassing for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents.
让孩子们向素不相识的人讲述这样的事情可能是难为了他们。
To his embarrassment, he couldn’t answer the simple question.
让他感到尴尬的是，那么简单的问题他都答不上来。
用embarrass的适当形式完成句子
①Her questions about my private life _____________ me.
②She was _____________ about her weight and decided to lose it.
③It was so ______________ having to sing in public.
④He could not hide his _______________ at his children’s rudeness.
⑤Are you trying _____________ me by saying that
⑥The _____________ look on his face suggested he was in an ______________ situation.
embarrassed
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
to embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
I’m ashamed of myself for being so stupid.
我因自己这么愚蠢而感到惭愧。
I am ashamed to ask for help.
我不好意思请人帮忙。
He was ashamed that he couldn’t give an answer.
他因回答不出来而感到羞耻。
11．ashamed adj. 羞愧的；惭愧的
(1)be ashamed of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 以做某事为耻；羞于做某事
be ashamed that… 对……感到惭愧
(2) shame n. 羞愧或遗憾之事
with/in shame羞愧地
to one’s shame使某人感到惭愧的是
It’s a shame that… 令人惋惜的是……
ashamed，shameful
易混词 辨析
ashamed “感到羞耻的”，用来修饰人，多作表语
shameful “可耻的，丢脸的”，用来指事物或行为，多作定语
He was ashamed of his shameful behaviour.
他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。
完成句子
①她羞于告诉父母自己考试不及格。
She __________________ her parents she had failed the exam.
②真遗憾，我多年没有收到你的信了。
________________ I haven’t heard from you for years.
③你应该为自己的不礼貌感到羞耻。
You should _____________ your bad manners.
was ashamed to tell
It’s a shame that
be ashamed of
辨析填空：ashamed/shameful
④The boy was ___________ to tell his mother that he had failed.
⑤You should be ___________ of your ____________ behaviour at the opening ceremony.
ashamed
ashamed
shameful
I don’t want to bother you with my hardship.
我不想让你因为我的苦难而担心。
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella—the minibus is just outside.
不必打伞——小型公共汽车就在外面。
12．bother vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便
Why bother to go to Italy and Denmark, when there are so many nice places here
这里有这么多好地方，为什么还要费劲去意大利和丹麦呢？
Does it bother you that she differs with you on that
在那一点上她与你意见不一致，你感到苦恼吗？
(1)bother sb. with sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about/with sth. 为某事烦恼
bother to do sth. 费心做某事
It bothers sb. to do sth. /that… 使某人苦恼的是……
(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱
without any bother 毫不费力地
bother，disturb，trouble，annoy
这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。
(1)bother 指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。
(2)disturb 指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比 bother 弱。
(3)trouble 常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的要求。
(4)annoy 通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。
What’s troubling you—money problems
什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗？
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇一直在烦我。
单句语法填空
①Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ___________ (bother) us.
②—You’re lucky that she’s so thoughtful and devoted to you.
—In fact, I don’t want to bother her ________ my problems all the time.
bothers
with
完成句子
③He didn’t even ___________________(费心让我知道) he was coming.
④I don’t want to _______________(因为……而麻烦她) my children at the moment.
⑤—I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
—Sorry! I hope ___________________ (我没有打扰到你).
bother to let me know
bother her with
I didn’t bother you
Mary often comes into conflict with her boss.
玛丽经常和她的老板发生争执。
If so, your points of view are bound to be in conflict with his.
如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的相冲突。
My interest doesn’t conflict with yours.
我的利益与你们的并不冲突。
13．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 vi. 冲突；抵触
(1)come into conflict with与……冲突；与……战斗
in conflict with与……冲突，与……矛盾
a conflict of interest利益冲突
armed conflicts武装冲突
(2)A conflicts with B＝A and B conflict A和B相冲突
(3)conflicting adj. 矛盾的
单句语法填空
①My husband and I hold _____________(conflict) opinions on the matter.
②The UN plays an important role in dealing with some urgent problems, such as armed _____________ (conflict) and wars in the world.
conflicting
conflicts
完成句子
③These results ______________(相矛盾) earlier findings.
④She often __________________________(与……发生冲突) her mother-in-law.
⑤She found herself ________________(与……矛盾) her parents over her future career.
conflict with
comes into conflict with
in conflict with
I usually adjust my watch before I go to work in the morning.
我通常早上上班前校准我的表。
It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust to the dark.
几秒钟后，他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
14．adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi. & vt. 适应；(使)习惯
As a teacher, you have to adjust your teaching methods to the needs of different children.
作为一名教师，你应该调整你的教学方法去适应不同孩子的需求。
She must learn to adjust herself to the new life.
她必须学着适应新的生活。
(1)adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应……
adjust to sth. /doing sth. 适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to… 使自己适应于……
(2) adjustment n. 调节；调整
make an adjustment/adjustments to对……作出调整
(3) adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的
单句语法填空
①You can adjust the seat ______ the height of the child.
②He had to make a few _____________(adjust) to his original plan.
③The height of these seats is ______________(adjust).
④_____________ (adjust) to a new environment is more difficult than we expected.
to
adjustments
adjustable
Adjusting
完成句子
⑤They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should __________________________(根据……调整他们的网站) the needs of younger users.
⑥_________________________________________________(他已经适应了国外学校的生活).
adjust their websites to
He has adjusted himself to the school life abroad
People can react badly to certain food.
人们对某些食物可能会严重过敏。
Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水、空气起化学反应而生成锈。
Will young people react strongly against tax increases
年轻人会强烈反对增税吗？
15．react vi. (对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应
(1)react to对……作出反应
react with与……起化学反应
react against反对；反抗
(2)reaction n. [C，U]反应；[U]反动
单句语法填空
①What was the ____________ (react) of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision
②They reacted ___________(angry) to the news.
③If I find anyone who looks like the suspect, my immediate ____________(react) will be to tell the police.
④I have no idea _______ he is going to react.
reaction
angrily
reaction
how
完成句子
⑤Hearing how others ___________(对……作出反应) the book you have just read creates added pleasure.
⑥___________________________ (他父母对……的反应) the news was surprisingly calm.
react to
His parents’ reaction to
He has achieved his aim. In other words, his ambition has come true.
他已经实现了他的目标。也就是说，他的梦想实现了。
He is good at all subjects. In other words, he does well in his studies.
各门学科他都擅长。换句话说，他的功课很优秀。
重 点 短 语
1．in other words换句话说；也就是说
in a word总之，简言之
in words用语言
break one’s word食言
eat one’s words收回前言
keep one’s word遵守诺言
word for word逐字逐句
have words with sb. 与某人争吵
have a word with sb. 和某人说几句话
Word came that… 有消息说……(word在此作“消息”讲，其前无冠词)
Could I have a word with you after the meeting
会后我们可否谈谈？
I had words with Gwen after the meeting.
会后我和格温吵了一架。
单句语法填空
① ______ a word, our life will be much richer and more colorful.
②She never questioned him about his trouble or expressed any sympathy ______ words.
③We haven’t expected his winning. In _________ words, we are surprised at his winning.
In
in
other
句型转换
④They asked him to leave; that was to say, he was fired.
→They asked him to leave; ______________, he was fired.
用word的相关短语完成句子
⑤经理让他不要再来了。换句话说，他被解雇了。
The manager asked him not to come again. ______________, he was fired.
in other words
In other words
⑥她一字不差地把他们的谈话向我复述了一遍。
She repeated their conversation _____________ to me.
⑦(2020·辽宁沈阳东北育才学校期中)一旦我们食言，就不会再有人相信我们了。
Once we ______________, nobody will trust us again.
⑧有消息说郊游要推迟了。
_____________ the outing would be put off.
word for word
break our word
Word came that
Why don’t you call on my sister while you are in Brighton
你在布莱顿时为何不顺便探望一下我姐姐呢？
They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against pollution.
他们号召人们和政府采取措施来对抗污染。
2．call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；号召
call on sb. to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事
call back回电话；召回；回想起
call in召来，叫……进来
call for要求，呼吁；需要
call off取消……
call up打电话；回忆起
call at拜访某地
I’m sorry, nobody answers. Would you please call back later
对不起，电话无人接听。请您过一会儿再打好吗？
Since the weather is bad, let’s call off the trip.
既然天气不好，那我们取消旅行吧。
Do you think we should call at Bob’s while we are in London
你认为我们在伦敦时应该去鲍勃家拜访吗？
The sound of happy laughter called up memory of his childhood.
这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。
除call on/upon sb. 之外，表示“拜访”的事还有以下这些：
call at a place拜访某地
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at a place顺便拜访某地
pay a visit to sb. /a place拜访某人/某地
单句语法填空
①He’s not in. Please call ________ later.
②He insisted that we should call ______ a doctor at this point.
③The President called ___________ the people to work hard to make the country rich and strong.
back
in
upon/on
用call的相关短语完成句子
④(2020·福建厦门外国语学校开学考)The passengers were angry for the train being _____________ without a notice in advance.
⑤Let us __________ the bakery (面包店) on the way home.
⑥Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ____________ a clear road map and timetable.
⑦Not knowing his address, I can’t __________ him.
called off
call at
calls for
call on
The teacher saw that her conversation with Bob was at work and he was more confident.
那位老师看到她与鲍勃之间的谈话起作用了，他更加自信了。
They were at work when the fire broke out.
火灾爆发时，他们正在工作。
The computer has been repaired and now is at work normally.
电脑已经修好了，现在正常工作了。
3．at work有某种影响；在工作
(1)get (down) to/ set to work开始，着手工作
out of work失业
before/after work上班前/下班后
(2)“at＋n. ”型的其他短语：
at play玩耍
at war在交战
at peace处于和平状态
at table在吃饭
at school在上学
at risk有危险，冒风险
at sea在海上(尤指乘船)；困惑，茫然，不知所措(此时常与with搭配)
单句语法填空
①The report suggested that the same trend was ______ work in politics.
用at的相关短语完成句子
②那两个国家过去处于交战状态，但现在它们已经和平共处了。
The two countries used to be _________, but now they are ___________.
at
at war
at peace
③他开始新工作时，茫然不知所措。
He was all _________ when he began his new job.
④我在工作的时候接到一个电话，说有人要来我办公室。
I was __________ when I got a phone call saying someone was coming to my office.
at sea
at work
这是一个主从复合句。who looks up是who引导的定语从句修饰先行词everyone。本句中，not与everyone连用表示部分否定意义，意为“不是……都”。
重 点 句 型
1．Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，并不是每个抬头的学生都在专心听讲。
部分否定
表示全体意义的词(如all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，always等)与否定副词not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都……，并不总是……”。
All the people didn’t arrive on schedule.
＝ Not all the people arrived on schedule.
并非所有的人都按时到达。
Both of them are not reliable.
＝Not both of them are reliable.
他们两个人并非都可靠。
Actually, everyone isn’t fond of living in big cities.
＝ Actually, not everyone is fond of living in big cities.
事实上，并非每个人都喜欢住在大城市。
不定代词none，nobody，nothing，no one，neither等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语连用，构成全部否定。
I know none of them.
他们我全都不认识。
I like neither of the books.
这两本书我一本也不喜欢。
No student goes to the farm on Sunday.
周日没有学生去农场。
句型转换
①All students don’t like the film.
→_______________ like the film.
选出意义表达不同的句子
②_____
A．Both of us don’t like the film.
B．One of us likes the film.
C．One of us doesn’t like the film.
D．Neither of us like the film.
Not all students
D
翻译句子
③All that glitters (闪光) is not gold.
________________________
④Not everything goes well.
________________________
完成句子
⑤_______________________________________________(并非所有毕业生都能) find a proper job after graduation.
⑥Niki is always full of ideas, but ______________(没有一个有用) to my knowledge.
发光的未必都是金子。
并非每件事都很顺利。
Not all graduates can/All graduates can not
none is useful
这是一个主从复合句。句中的as though引导表语从句。
本句中，with their eyes open属于with复合结构。
2．It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
with复合结构
(1)with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋宾补”构成。
(2)用作宾补的常有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语和非谓语动词。
She likes to sleep with the windows open.
她喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补)
He left the classroom with the lights on.
他离开教室了，灯却亮着。(副词作宾补)
He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还是个学生。(名词作宾补)
Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.
站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。(介词短语作宾补)
With everything done, we went home.
把所有的事做完以后我们就回家了。(过去分词作宾补)
He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking to the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。(现在分词作宾补)
With so much homework to do, he had to stay at home.
有许多的作业要做，他不得不留在家里。(不定式作宾补)
①现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，和宾语之间是主动关系；
②过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成，和宾语之间是被动关系；
③动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作暂时没有发生，有将来的含义。
单句语法填空
①The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _____________(follow) them.
②John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
③I couldn’t put my heart into my lessons with all that noise _________ (go) on outside.
④You have no idea how she finished the race with her foot ___________ (wound) so much.
following
finished
going
wounded
句型转换
⑤Because our lessons were over, we went to play football.
→___________________, we went to play football.
⑥As time goes on, computers become smaller and smaller.
→________________, computers become smaller and smaller.
With our lessons over
With time going on
这是一个主从复合句。it is sometimes much harder… 是主句，while引导的是让步状语从句，两个when引导的都是宾语从句。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于although或though，常用于句首。
3．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
while作连词时的用法：
(1)作从属连词，意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为延续性动词；
(2)作从属连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，从句常位于句首；
(3)作并列连词，意为“而，却”，常位于句首或句中，表示前后两种情况的对比。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了。(时间状语从句)
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许这样做。(让步状语从句)
I went swimming while the others played tennis.
我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了。(并列连词)
写出下列句中while引导的是哪种从句
①While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ______________
②While many people are puzzled at the negative side of the voting, Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. ______________
③The northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. __________
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
并列句
单句语法填空
④_________ I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.
⑤You can go swimming _________ I’m having lunch.
⑥_________ I admit he is not perfect，I still like him.
While
while
While
4．Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies.
(那些)生气、害怕或正处于焦虑的学生可能会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，好像是在保护他们的身体一样。
这是一个主从复合句。who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词students。句中的“have their arms crossed”以及“(have) their legs closed or crossed”均使用了“have sth. done”结构。
have sth. done
“have sth. done”结构主要表示以下含义：
①使某事被做(强调被动意义，以上句子就是此种含义)；
②请别人做某事；
③主语遭遇到某种不幸的事。
He managed to have the work finished yesterday.
他昨天努力把这项工作做完了。
With the new year approaching, you should have your hair cut.
新年快到了，你应该理发了。
My uncle was depressed because he had his car stolen.
我叔叔很难过，因为他的车被偷了。
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sth. to do有某事需要做
can’t/won’t have sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事
单句语法填空
①She will have a busy weekend. She has a lot of housework ________ (do).
②—Excuse me, where is Room 301
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ________(show) you to your room.
to do
show
③—Did Peter fix the computer himself
—He had it _________(fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers.
④Claire had her luggage ___________(check) an hour before her plane left.
fixed
checked
翻译句子
⑤He had his camera repaired yesterday.
__________________________
⑥He repaired his camera yesterday.
___________________
他昨天让人修了照相机。
他昨天修了照相机。
5．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
这是一个并列句。so连接两个并列的句子。在前句中使用了“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
“疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构
该结构用法浅析：
①疑问词常用的有：who，what, which, how, when, where 等。
②在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。注意：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
③通常用在tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, discuss 等动词后作宾语。
④相当于一个名词性从句，所以常常可以用相应的从句来替换。
I don’t know how to explain it to my parents.
我不知道该如何向父母解释这件事。(作宾语)
When to start(＝When we shall start)has not been decided.
何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)
The problem is where to put this computer.
问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。(作表语)
单句语法填空
①I don’t know whether ____________(accept) her gift or not.
②When and where __________(have) the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
③I have worked in a kindergarten so I know what ____________ (expect) in the job.
to accept
to have
to expect
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．During a fight, a true friend will remain loyal and will not r _________ your secrets.
2．The teacher’s smile i __________ that she had forgiven me for my rudeness.
3．There is no need to b _________ yourself about small things because they can only waste your time and energy.
4．You can ___________(阐明) this question if you make a careful study of British history.
eveal
mplied
other
clarify
5．To _________(降低) the house prices, several measures have been adopted in the last two years.
6．Ken gave me an _____________(尴尬的) smile when I asked where he had been.
7．I wasn’t blaming anyone; I __________(只是) said errors like these could be avoided.
8．If something bad happens on a particular day, people will have a ____________(倾向) to associate that day with the negative events.
9．Trust is a vital _____________(组成部分) in any relationship.
10．“Is something wrong？” he ____________(询问).
lower
embarrassed
merely
tendency
component
inquired
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Before birth, babies can distinguish their mother’s voice ________ that of a female stranger.
2．My Chinese teacher is possibly one of the most inspiring _____________ (educate) I’ve ever met.
3．(2021·黑龙江双鸭山一中段考)Attending an exam late is the last thing you need, for the embarrassment will cause you to be ______________ (distract) and lose valuable time.
from
educators
distracted
4．To be honest, I __________(bare) slept last night. No wonder that I feel so sleepy today.
5．(2019·黑龙江哈六中期末)Nowadays, anyone who is trying to reduce pain or ___________(anxious) can try a treatment which is known as flotation therapy (疗法).
6．Tom’s mother was ashamed ______ her rude remarks on Tom because they only resulted in his losing confidence in himself.
barely
anxiety
of
7．After a while, my eyes gradually adjusted ______ the darkness in the cave.
8．Each tree reacts differently ______ the change of the season.
9．(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries _____________(recognize) its role in international affairs.
10．They couldn’t see or hear each other and, by mistake, Simon ___________(lower) his friend over the edge of a precipice (峭壁).
to
to
recognizing
lowered
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．我从未真正弄懂她为什么这么做。(make sb. tick)
I’ve never really understood __________________.
2．对于我们许多人来说，很容易看到他人(的错误)并责怪他们，而不是从自身找原因。
For many of us _____________________________________ instead of ourselves.
what makes her tick
it is easy to look at others and blame them
3．我们由于害怕不完美，而有了一个将事情无止境地延期的倾向。
We _______________________________________, because we’re afraid of imperfections.
4．或者你对工作充满恐惧，只是熬时间等下班？
Or do you dread doing the work, and just ______________________ ________
5．并非所有的竹子都会长得高。
_________ bamboo grows tall.
have a tendency to put things off endlessly
count the minutes until
time off
Not all
6．她的眼睛探究着他的脸好像在寻找一些线索。
Her eyes searched his face ______________________________.
7．我要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
I can’t go out ______________________________.
8．无论他给出什么理由，那只可能是借口。
__________________________, they can only be excuses.
as though looking for some clues
with all these clothes to wash
Whatever reasons he gives
Ⅳ．翻译句子
1．I think coffee tastes good, but not everybody likes drinking it.
_______________________________________________________
2．He sounds as though he has the weight of the world on him.
_________________________________________________
3．While some see the bright side of the policy, others worry that it will lead to a baby boom in China.
________________________________________________________________________
我认为咖啡品尝起来不错，但是并非每个人都喜欢喝。
他让人听着好像全世界的重量都压在他身上。
一些人看到了政策的光明面，另一些人则担心这会导致中国的生育高峰。
4．She sensed that mastering a foreign language and programming skills could be the key to a good programming job.
________________________________________________________________________
5．You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of the book.
________________________________________________________________________
她意识到掌握一门外语和编程技能可能是找到一份好的编程工作的关键。
你知道读书必须要阅读“字里行间的言外之意”，以求得最充分的理解。
Ⅴ．课文与语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a teacher, I try to know 1.______ each student is thinking by watching their body language. Recognising whether students are 2.____________ (interest) in a lesson is easy. Most students tend to look up and make eye contact and sometimes they lean forward and look at me. If a student has his head lowered to look 3.____ his watch, it implies he is bored.
what
interested
at
If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are 4.________ (probable) writing notes to each other. Some students are easy to be 5.__________ (distract). Instead of looking at me, they spend all their time looking anywhere. Then again, some students prefer daydreaming. 6.______ their chins on their hands, they occupy 7.____________(they) by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. In these cases, they should be reminded to concentrate.
probably
distracted
With
themselves
Distinguishing when students are troubled is much 8.________(hard). If students have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs 9.________(close) or crossed, it shows they are angry，afraid, or experiencing anxiety.
Finally, it is my duty to help every student to learn. I adjust class 10.____________(activity) according to students’ body language. In my opinion, reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.
harder
closed
activities
解析：
1．考查名词性从句。所填的词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，所以填what。
2. 考查形容词。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。
3．考查固定搭配。look at… “低头看……”。
4．考查副词。修饰动词要用副词形式。
5．考查形容词。所填的词作表语，所以用distracted，意为“分心的”。
6．考查介词。此处是“with＋名词＋介词短语”结构。
7．考查反身代词。此处反指句子的主语，所以用反身代词。
8．考查形容词的比较级。根据空格前的much可知，此处要用比较级。
9．考查非谓语动词。此处是“have＋sth. ＋done”结构， close和legs之间为被动关系。所以填closed。
10．考查名词的数。activity是可数名词，前面没有单数修饰语。所以用复数形式。
夯基提能作业(共33张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
语法专题练习
单元语法精析
语法精讲
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．动词-ing形式作动词宾语。
I suggest doing it in a different way。
我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事。
Would you mind opening the door 打开门你介意吗？
I enjoy chatting with them. 我喜欢和他们聊天。
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：
喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy，consider，imagine)
停止冒险可避免(stop，risk，avoid)
要求完成不推延(require，finish，delay)
承认建议勤操练(admit，suggest，practise)
逃避介意可原谅(escape，mind，excuse)
忍受保持不喜欢(stand，keep，dislike)
其他还有advise，allow，permit，miss，appreciate等。
单句语法填空
①The girl has to practice ________ (play) the piano for 2 hours per day.
②When he heard the news, he couldn’t help ___________ (jump) with joy.
③They are considering _________ (go) to Hainan for the summer holiday.
④She didn’t mind ___________ (work) overtime.
⑤Some employers often delay __________ (pay) their employees.
playing
jumping
going
working
paying
2．“动词＋介词”构成的动词短语，只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语。这些动词短语有：think of, give up, aim at，put off，insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond)of, set about等。
其中to作介词的动词短语有：be used to, object to，devote oneself to, stick to, keep to, respond to, look forward to, see to, be accustomed to, adapt to, apply to，get to，get down to，prefer… to，adjust to，owe… to, react to等。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦，希望能成为一名著名的画家。
The old couple have got used to living in the countryside.
这对老夫妇已习惯生活在乡下了。
单句语法填空
①I think I’ll have to give up ___________ (play) football because of the coming examination.
②Let’s get down to _________ (do) the work.
③He cares little about ____________ (spend) money on himself and ___________ (lead) a comfortable life.
playing
doing
spending
leading
3．有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动词-ing作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do(作目的状语) 停下来去做某事
doing 停止做某事
Try to write better in your exam.
考试时尽量要写得更好些。
Since the front door won’t open，why not try opening the back door
前门打不开，为何不试一试后门呢？
What do you like doing in the evening
你晚上喜欢干些什么？
Would you like to see a film this evening
今天晚上你想看电影吗？
单句语法填空
①Don’t forget __________ (send) my regards to your parents!
②Don’t hesitate any more. Why not try ___________ (walk) this way
③I still remember ______________ (take)to Beijing for the first time.
④—Look! The light is on!
—But I remember ___________ (turn) it off!
to send
walking
being taken
turning
完成句子
这些花需要浇水。
These flowers ___________________________________.
require/need watering/to be watered
5．在allow，advise，encourage，forbid，permit，recommend等动词后面直接跟宾语时，要用动名词；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
We don’t allow smoking.
我们不允许吸烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke.
我们不允许学生吸烟。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语通常可以交换位置。
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.
＝In the ant city, laying eggs is the queen’s job.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
2．动词-ing形式作表语，可以表示主语的某种性质或特征，这类词可以看作形容词。
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
正在电影院上演的电影很激动人心。
The present situation is inspiring.
当前的形势鼓舞人心。
作表语的动词-ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这类词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
单句语法填空
①Climbing mountains was __________, so we all felt _________. (tire)
②It was a really ______________(terrify) experience. Afterwards, everybody was very ___________(shock).
③You may find it _____________(astonish) that Charlie Chaplin was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
tiring
tired
terrifying
shocked
astonishing
④For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _____________(connect).
⑤The news was ____________(shock), and there was a _____________ (frighten) look on her face.
connected
shocking
frightened
语法专题练习
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．__________(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
2．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______________ (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
3．It’s no use _____________(complain) without taking action.
4．Lydia doesn’t feel like ____________(study) abroad. Her parents are old.
Knowing
being reduced
complaining
studying
5．We found it no good __________(make) fun of others.
6．___________(learn) new words is very useful to me.
7．We have to prevent the air from _______________(pollute).
8．He remained ____________(stand) beside the table.
9．The flowers need _________________________(water).
10．In some parts of London, missing a bus means ___________(wait) for another hour.
making
Learning
being polluted
standing
watering/to be watered
waiting
Ⅱ．翻译句子
1．Would you mind turning down your computer a little, please
______________________________
2．Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.
__________________________________
3．It is said that the missing students were last seen playing near the river.
_______________________________________________________
你介意把电脑调小点声音吗？
她的工作是洗衣、打扫和照顾孩子。
据说那些失踪的学生最后一次被见到时正在河边玩耍。
4．We all believe that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the readers.
_________________________________________________________
5．Mr White, tired of the boring TV play, started to read a novel.
__________________________________________________________
6．When the girl got back home from work she saw a message pinned to the door reading “Sorry to miss you; I will call later. ”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
我们都认为如果一本书有趣的话，它就一定能吸引读者。
怀特先生，厌倦了看令人生厌的电视剧，开始读一本小说。
女孩下班回到家，她看到门上别着一个留言，上面写着：很遗憾与你错过，之后我会打电话给你。
7．The purpose of new teaching method is making study easier，not making it more difficult.
__________________________________________________________
8．The problem is worth discussing.
___________________
新的教学方法的目的是让学习更简单，而不是使它更困难。
这个问题值得讨论。
Ⅲ．语法主题应用
阐述讲好中国故事、学好中国文化的重要性(尽量多地使用动词-ing形式)
1．传播中国传统文化已经成为一种流行趋势；
2．许多外国人喜欢学中文；
3．了解中国传统文化使他们能够更好地了解中国；
4．作为一名中国的高中生，讲好中国故事、学好中国文化是我们的责任；
5．我们要让世界更好地了解中国。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Spreading Chinese traditional culture has become a popular trend. Many foreigners enjoy learning Chinese. Learning Chinese traditional culture enables them to understand China better. As a Chinese high school student, telling Chinese stories and learning Chinese culture well should be our responsibility. We should let the world know China better.
夯基提能作业UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．After __thinking__(think) for some time, I finally made up my mind to give up.
2．One learns a language by making mistakes and __correcting__ (correct) them.
3．Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to __setting__ (set) up some schools for poor children.
4．—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret __doing__ (do) that.
5．Keep on __trying__(try) and you will succeed.
6．It took the workmen only two hours to finish __repairing__ (repair) my car.
7．Though it sounds a bit too expensive, it is worth __buying__(buy).
8．Have you forgotten __borrowing__(borrow) $1,000 from me last month Will you please remember __to bring__(bring) it tomorrow
9．She is very busy __writing__(write) her papers. She is far too busy __to receive__ (receive) callers.
10．Jack said that he wouldn’t mind __waiting__(wait) for us.
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．我承认犯了一个严重的错误。
I __admitted making a serious mistake__.
2．我发现和他争论没用。
I found __it useless arguing with him__.
3．在教育上多花钱是值得的。
It is worthwhile __spending much money on education__.
4．每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。
__Remembering some new words every day__ can enlarge your vocabulary.
5．我难以想象那个男孩对他的父母说话那么粗鲁。
I can’t imagine __the boy speaking so rudely to__ his parents.
6．被邀请去参加聚会是这个家庭的荣耀。
__Being invited to the party__ was a great honour to the family.
7．琼斯先生决定步行去大学而不坐出租车。
Mr. Jones decided to walk to the university __instead of taking a taxi__.
8．在购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去买他们不需要的东西。
While going shopping, people sometimes can’t help __being persuaded into buying something they don’t need__.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited. About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seemed all at sea and looked embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.
Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn’t agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章以一个小故事作为开头，向我们介绍了英国人的乘车习惯，并进一步向我们介绍了不同国家肢体语言的内涵。
1．The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen __D__.
A．were foreigners B．didn’t have tickets
C．made a loud noise D．didn’t line up for the bus
解析：细节理解题。由第一段的“No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that… on the bus. ”可知，英国人因为这三位外国人没有排队而将他们推到一边。故选D。
2．According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should __B__.
A．learn the language of the country
B．understand the manners and customs of the country
C．have enough time and money
D．make friends with the people there
解析：细节理解题。由第二段第二句话“If you want to have a pleasant… your host country. ”可知，当我们到国外旅行时，应该对目标国的风俗有所了解。故选B。
3．What does the underlined phrase “at sea” probably mean？ __D__
A．Tired. B．Disappointed.
C．Pleased. D．Confused.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的一句话可知，这三位外国人对英国的风俗并不知情，由此可知，当他们面对英国人当时的反应时会感到迷惑。故选D。
4．In India it is considered impolite to __B__.
A．use the right hand for passing food at table
B．pass food with the left hand
C．eat food with your hands
D．help yourself at table
解析：细节理解题。由第二段的“A visitor to India would do well… left hand for passing food at table. ”可知，在印度用左手递食物被认为是不礼貌的。故选B。
Ⅱ．完形填空
When we want to tell other people what we think about, we can do it with the help of words or with the help of signs. We sometimes move our __1．C__ up and down when we want to say “ __2．A__”， and from side to side when we want to say “no”.
People, who cannot hear or speak, talk to each other with the help of their fingers. People who do not understand each other’s language have to do the same. This story shows __3．A__ they sometimes do it.
A man who could not speak __4．B__ was once in Canada. One day he went to a __5．B__ and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, the man opened his mouth, put his __6．D__ in it. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat. ”
The waiter soon brought him a cup of __7．D__. The man moved his head from side to side. The waiter understood him and __8．A__ the tea. In a moment he brought a cup of coffee and put it on the table. The man moved his head from side to side. He was very hungry but he did not want to drink. He __9．D__ his head when the waiter brought him a lot of __10．B__ drinks, but drinks are not __11．D__,_of course.
The man was about to __12．A__ when another man came in. When this man saw the waiter, he put his hand on his __13．C__. That was enough. In a few minutes, a large plate of meat and vegetables was brought in front of him.
Now you may __14．B__ people can not understand the __15．D__ of signs so well as the language of words.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。我们可以用话语告诉别人自己的所想，也可以用一些手势用语。文中讲述了一个不会说英语的人在加拿大的餐馆吃饭的时候，和服务员用手势交流的故事。
1．A．arms B．necks
C．heads D．bodies
解析：根据下文内容可知，此处是指上下移动“脑袋(head)”。故选C。
2．A．yes B．no
C．this D．that
解析：此处与下文“from side to side when we want to say ’no’”中的no形成对比，故选A。
3．A．how B．why
C．when D．where
解析：根据下文可知，这个故事说明人是如何用身势语进行交流的。how表示方式。故选A。
4．A．Japanese B．English
C．Russian D．Chinese
解析：根据常识和选项内容可知，加拿大的主要语言为“英语(English)”。故选B。
5．A．hotel B．restaurant
C．shop D．school
解析：根据下文可知，那个人到“餐馆(restaurant)”就餐。故选B。
6．A．pen B．hair
C．hands D．fingers
解析：根据上文“opened his mouth”可知，那个人把“手指(finger)”放进嘴里，表达想吃东西的意思。故选D。
7．A．milk B．wine
C．coffee D．tea
解析：根据下文的“the tea”可知，此处服务员给那个人端来的是一杯“茶(tea)”。故选D。
8．A．took away B．broke down
C．turned off D．held up
解析：服务员明白了那个人的意思，端走了那杯茶，后来又端来了一杯咖啡。take away“带走”。故选A。
9．A．shot B．nodded
C．moved D．shook
解析：那个人很饿，服务员端上来的全是饮料，他对此摇了摇头，shake“摇动”，符合语境。故选D。
10．A．similar B．different
C．pleasant D．rare
解析：由下文可知，服务员为那个人端上来多种“不同的(different)”饮料。故选B。
11．A．product B．vegetables
C．experiences D．food
解析：那个人饿了，所以他想要的是“食物(food)”。故选D。
12．A．leave B．cry
C．leap D．shout
解析：那个人始终不能得到他想要的东西，所以准备“离开(leave)”。故选A。
13．A．mouth B．nose
C．stomach D．back
解析：另一个人也来餐馆吃饭，而且他点的菜很快上来了，故他的身势语用得正确。他把手放在“腹部(stomach)”，表示自己饿了。故选C。
14．A．argue B．see
C．observe D．find
解析：通过上文的这个故事读者可以明白身势语的重要性。see在此处意为“明白”。符合语境。故选B。
15．A．information B．drawing
C．meaning D．language
解析：后面的“the language”给出了提示。此处为身势语，故选D。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The day before yesterday, my friend and I were going home __1．when__ I found a smart phone by the pavement. After picking it up, I suggested that we __2．go__ (go) to the store near __3．which__ we found the smart phone. And we did so. There were two young women there. However, neither of them __4．had lost__ (lose) their phones. But as I referred __5．to__ some names on the name list in the phone, one of them said she also had those __6．names__ (name) and that it must be the phone of one of their friends. With a second check I finally handed over the smart phone. She took the phone and said how wonderful it was that I took the time __7．to find__ (find) the owner. Afterwards, I left without __8．leaving__ (leave) my name or address. I never considered keeping the smart phone. Instead, I immediately tried to find the owner. And I believed that it was __9．exactly__ (exact) what I would want someone to do if I lost my phone. It couldn’t have been __10．nicer__(nice). Sometimes, helping others is just doing the right thing.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者捡到了一部智能手机后没有据为己有，而是寻找失主。这告诉我们助人为乐是一件好事。
解析：
1．考查连词。前天，“我”和“我”的朋友正准备回家，忽然在人行道上发现了一部智能手机。“be going to… when正准备……的时候，忽然……”。故填when。
2．考查动词。“suggest＋从句”作“建议”讲时从句用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。故填go。
3．考查定语从句。“我”建议“我们”去发现手机处附近的那家商店。near后的句子是修饰store的定语从句，near是介词，其后只能用which引导定语从句，代替先行词store。故填which。
4．考查动词的时态。她们都没有丢手机。“丢手机”发生在“发现手机”之前，因此这里表示“过去的过去”，所以需要用过去完成时。故填had lost。
5．考查固定搭配。“我”查阅了手机上联系人的姓名列表。refer to“提到；查阅”。故填to。
6．考查名词的数。name是可数名词，又因其前是those，所以应用复数。故填names。
7．考查非谓语动词。“我”花费时间去找失主。sb. take(s) the time to do sth. “某人花费时间做某事”。故填to find。
8．考查非谓语动词。without是介词，其后跟动词要用v. －ing形式。故填leaving。
9．考查副词。“我”相信如果“我”丢失了手机，那也正是“我”想让别人做的。exact“精确的”；exactly“正是”。故填exactly。
10．考查形容词的比较级。这不能再好了(这是最好的)。“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级。故填nicer。UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A simple gesture can be formed into a child’s memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture. A new finding suggests that parents, social workers, psychologists and lawyers should be careful with their hands as well as their words.
Gestures can be as informative as speech, but hand gestures are so common that we rarely notice we’re using them.
While the recall of both adults and children are easy to react to suggestion, the memories of children are known to be particularly influenced, said lead researcher Sara Broaders of Northwestern University. Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally (故意地).
Previous research, for example, has shown that detail－loaded questions often cause false answers; when asked, say “Did you drink juice at the picnic？” the child is likely to say “yes” even if no juice had been available. It is not that the child is consciously lying, but rather the detail is quickly formed into his or her memory.
To avoid this problem, social workers have long been advised to ask children only open－ended questions, such as “What did you have at the picnic？” But an open－ended question paired with a gesture, briefly meaning a juice box, is treated like a detailed question. That is, children become likely to answer falsely.
And it isn’t just a few kids: 77% of children gave at least one piece of false information when a detail was suggested by an ordinary gesture. Gestures may also become more popular when talking with non－fluent language users, such as little kids, Broaders said as hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases. “It certainly seems reasonable that adults would gesture more with children. ”
In general, Broaders advises parents and other adults to “Try to be aware of your hands when questioning a child about an event. Otherwise, you might be getting answers that don’t reflect what actually happened. ”
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。手势语在一定程度上会增加相互间的理解。然而，它也有消极作用，即误导对方，尤其是会误导孩子，本文就介绍了这一研究结果。
1．According to the text, gestures __C__.
A．have not any function at all B．are rarely used by people
C．have a certain effect on children D．are often used by social workers
解析：细节理解题。文章第一段第一句“A simple gesture can be formed… by that gesture. ”可知手势语对孩子有影响，而全文都在说这一观点。故选C。
2．Why are kids easy to be misled by gestures according to Sara Broaders？ __B__
A．These gestures are very attractive.
B．Their memories are affected easily.
C．Children are easy to tell lies.
D．These gestures are used frequently.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段首句“A simple gesture can be formed into a child’s memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture. ”和第三段可知，主要原因是孩子的记忆很容易受到外界的影响。故选B。
3．The underlined word “impart” in Paragraph 6 means “ __D__”.
A．separate B．tell apart
C．confuse D．pass on
解析：词义猜测题。由本段最后一句“it certainly seems… ”可知，大人对孩子使用更多的手势语是有原因的，其原因就是前一句话“hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar… ”即手势语能够传达那些不熟悉的单词和短语的含义。故选D。
4．What would be the best title for the text？ __B__
A．Gestures—a Useful Way of Education
B．Gestures Can Mislead Children
C．Gestures Mean Adult’s Directions
D．Gestures Affect Children Much
解析：标题归纳题。短文主要介绍了一项研究结果：手势语会对孩子产生误导作用。D项表达内容太宽泛。故选B。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·广东佛山一中高一期末)
Much meaning can be conveyed clearly through our eyes，so it is often said that eyes can speak.
__1．B__ On a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he senses that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.
The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. __2．G__ Eyes do speak, right
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. __3．F__ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her.
However, when two persons are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking. __4．C__ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if he’s trying to control you，you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. __5．A__
Actually, eye contact should be made based on a specific relationship and situation.
A．On the contrary, it will give him away.
B．Do you have such a kind of experience
C．That’s what normal eye contact is all about.
D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.
E. After all，everybody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.
F. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.
G. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们的眼睛能清楚地表达很多意思，所以常说眼睛会说话。但是用眼睛交流要根据两人之间的关系和你们所在的位置而定。
解析：
1．上下文衔接题。结合第一段：许多意思都可以用我们的眼睛清楚地表达，所以经常说眼睛会说话。再根据空格后句举例说明：在公共汽车上，你可以看一个陌生人，但时间不能太长。此句起着承上启下的作用。故B项“你有这样一种经历吗？”符合语境。故选B。
2．上下句衔接题。根据上句可知，如果你被盯着看超出了必要的时间，你会上下打量自己，看看有什么不妥。G项“如果没有什么问题，你会对别人那样盯着你看感到恼火。”与上句衔接紧密。故选G。
3．上下句衔接题。结合上句可知，长时间看某人可能是不礼貌的且有攻击性的。再根据空格下句可知，如果一位男士盯着一位女士超过10秒，拒绝转移目光，那么他的目的很明显。他想吸引她的注意，让她知道他仰慕她。此处表示一种转折且承接下文。故F项“但是，当谈到盯着异性时，情况就不同了。”符合语境。故选F。
4．上句衔接题。结合上句可知，然而，当两个人在对话时，说话人不时地盯着听者的眼睛就是为了确保听者确实在听自己说话。此处是对上一句的进一步解释。故C项“那就是正常的目光接触。”符合语境。故选C。
5．上句衔接题。根据上句可知，他错误地认为直视对方的眼睛是真诚交流的一个标志。此处是对上一句表达的观点的评价。故A项“正相反，它出卖了他。”符合语境。故选A。
Ⅲ．完形填空
Body language is quiet and secret and it is the most powerful language of all! It speaks louder than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __1．D__ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really __2．D__. And body language is particularly __3．C__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so __4．C__ a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. __5．A__，different societies treat the distance between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __6．C__ contact (接触)even with friends, and certainly not with __7．A__. People from Latin American countries, __8．B__，touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in __9．B__，it may look like a Latino is __10．D__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino，trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __11．C__—which the Latino will in return regard as __12．D__.
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __13．A__. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of __14．C__. But whatever the situation, the best __15．D__ is to obey the golden rule: treat others as you would like to be treated.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。主要讲了肢体语言的重要性，并且举例说明了不同社会对肢体语言的理解是不同的，所以在交流时会有误解。
1．A．sounds B．invitations
C．feelings D．messages
解析：专家称，我们的身体发出的信息比我们意识到的更多。sound 声音；invitation 邀请；feeling 感觉；message 信息。故选D。
2．A．hope B．receive
C．discover D．mean
解析：实际上，非语言交际约占据了我们真正想表达的意思的50%。hope 希望；receive 接收；discover 发现；mean 表达……意思。故选D。
3．A．immediate B．misleading
C．important D．difficult
解析：当我们进行跨文化交流时，身势语显得尤为重要。immediate 立刻的；misleading 误导的；important 重要的；difficult 困难的。故选C。
4．A．well B．far
C．much D．long
解析：身势语占据我们自身的很大一部分，但事实上常常被我们忽视。well健康的；far远的；much多的，大的；long长的。故选C。
5．A．For example B．Thus
C．However D．In short
解析：下文以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例，说明不同的社会群体对待距离的态度是不同的，所以此处用For example “例如”。故选A。
6．A．eye B．verbal
C．bodily D．telephone
解析：即使是朋友间，北欧人通常也不喜欢身体的接触，更不用说陌生人了。eye 眼睛；verbal 言辞的； bodily 身体的；telephone 电话。故选C。
7．A．strangers B．relatives
C．neighbours D．enemies
解析：句意同上题。stranger 陌生人；relative亲戚；neighbour 邻居；enemy 敌人。故选A。
8．A．in other words B．on the other hand
C．in a similar way D．by all means
解析：然而，拉丁美洲国家的人们相互接触就很多。on the other hand 意为“然而，在另一方面”。故选B。
9．A．trouble B．conversation
C．silence D．experiment
解析：在对话过程中，拉丁美洲人可能跟着挪威人满屋子转。trouble 麻烦；conversation 对话；silence 沉默；experiment 实验。故选B。
10．A．disturbing B．helping
C．guiding D．following
解析：句意同上题。follow 意为“跟着……走”。故选D。
11．A．stepping forward B．going on
C．backing away D．coming out
解析：挪威人将不断地后退。step forward 前进；go on 继续；back away 后退；come out 出来。故选C。
12．A．weakness B．carelessness
C．friendliness D．coldness
解析：拉丁美洲人反过来认为他们很冷淡。weakness 虚弱；carelessness 粗心；friendliness 友好；coldness 冷淡。故选D。
13．A．talk B．travel
C．laugh D．think
解析：很显然，当人们谈话时，许多事情都在发生。talk 讲话；travel 旅行；laugh 笑；think 思考。故选A。
14．A．curiosity B．excitement
C．misunderstanding D．nervousness
解析：误解的可能就会很大。curiosity好奇；excitement激动；misunderstanding误会，误解；nervousness紧张。故选C。
15．A．chance B．time
C．result D．advice
解析：不管什么样的情况，最好的建议是遵守这样的黄金规则：用自己想被对待的方式对待别人，就是己所不欲，勿施于人。chance 机会；time 时间；result 结果；advice 建议。故选D。
Ⅳ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that a smile is usually a sign __1．that__ people feel friendly and happy, but what if we don’t know who the new person is What if we are not introduced by a friend What if we are meeting a stranger in __2．an__ unfamiliar place Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect __3．themselves__(they). We have to make sure we can trust people we do not know，and we have to show that we are not dangerous. Showing our hands __4．means__(mean) that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of shaking hands __5．is used__(use). We use our right hand，which is usually stronger than the left one. If we are using our hand this way，it cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we trust the other person，and that the other person can trust us.
Not all __6．cultures__(culture) use the handshake, and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. The traditional greeting in China was to cover the left hand __7．with__ the right and bow. Japanese people might cover one hand with the other and, __8．depending__(depend) on whom they are greeting, bow __9．slightly__(slight)or quite low. In India, Hindu people join their hands in front of their faces and bow their heads. Some people will touch his heart, mouth and forehead __10．to show__(show) respect. Even young people in the West now give each other the “high five”，when they slap(拍) each other’s hands high in the air. They are all keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand means, “Welcome, you are safe with me. ”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了肢体语言中一些手势代表的含义。
解析：
1．考查名词性从句。 ________people feel friendly and happy是同位语从句，修饰sign，从句不缺成分，意义完整。故填that。
2．考查冠词。an unfamiliar place“一个不熟悉的地方”。 故填an。
3．考查反身代词。protect themselves“保护他们自己”。故填themselves。
4．考查主谓一致。本句中Showing our hands是单个的动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填means。
5．考查动词的语态和主谓一致。本句中，主语是custom而不是hands，所以谓语动词用单数，且custom和use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is used。
6．考查名词的数。句意：并非所有的文化都采用握手的形式……。故填cultures。
7．考查介词。cover… with… 意为“用……覆盖……”。故填with。
8．考查非谓语动词。本句的两个谓语是might cover和bow, ________ on whom they are greeting是非谓语用作状语，此处表示主动含义，因此用现在分词。depend on“取决于”。故填depending。
9．考查副词。修饰动词bow用副词。故填slightly。
10．考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知 ________ respect用作目的状语。故填to show。
Ⅴ. 应用文写作
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom将来中国旅游，发邮件向你询问中英日常生活中肢体语言的异同。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．不同点：在中国，与长辈交谈时，低头避免直视等；
3．相似点：见面握手、微笑等。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
Hearing that you will come to China, I’d like to express my warmest welcome.
Body language varies from culture to culture. For instance, when talking to the elderly in China, we usually look down to avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. At the same time, some gestures have the same meaning—we favour shaking hands, smiling or nodding the head to greet someone—just as you do.
I hope my introduction can be helpful to you. Wish you a good journey.
Yours，
Li Hua(共130张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
单元核心素养
语篇解读：手势语是一种通俗易懂的表达方式。每种文化都有自己的肢体语言，由于文化的不同，相同的手势语在不同的国家有着不同的含义。
单元话题导读
Hand Gestures
Hand gestures are a quick and quiet way for people of all cultures to express, both negatively and positively, a particular feeling or word. Every culture has its own gestures, and they do not always mean the same things universally.
Making the “OK” gesture with the thumb and index finger is a positive hand gesture in the United States. It is made by touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger. The other three fingers are extended above the thumb and index finger. However, this hand gesture is considered insulting in France and Latin America.
The “victory” hand gesture is made by bending the third and fourth fingers to touch the tip of the thumb and extending the index and middle finger upward, separating them by about an inch to form the letter V. Facing the palm outward to the person finishes the victory gesture. Allied leaders and hippies (嬉皮士) used this gesture at different times. The Allied leaders used it to show the symbol of victory during World War II. Hippies used it during the Vietnam War to express their anti-war feelings.
The thumb-up hand gesture is made by extending your thumb into the air while curling the other four fingers inward. The meaning behind this gesture, at least in Western cultures, is “well done” or “things are great”. However, in such places as Latin America, Sardinia, Greece, and southern Italy, the gesture has the opposite meaning. In these places, this gesture is viewed as negative and insulting.
词海拾贝
①negatively adv. 消极地 ②universally adv. 普遍地
③extend v. 扩展 ④insult v. 侮辱
⑤separate vt. 分离；分开 ⑥symbol n. 象征
⑦opposite adj. 相反的
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．______________n. 交流；相互影响
→___________vi. 交流；相互影响
2．_______ vi. (根据情况)变化；改变
→__________adj. 多样的，各种各样的
→__________n. 变化；多样化
3．______________adj. 合适的；恰当的
→______________adj. 不合适的；不恰当的
interaction
interact
vary
various
variety
appropriate
inappropriate
4．________vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过
→__________n. 赞成；批准
5．____________vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明
→_____________n. 集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明
6．________n. 手势；姿势；姿态
7．________vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人
8．________vt. 使用；应用；雇用
→__________n. 雇主
→__________n. 雇工
approve
approval
demonstrate
demonstration
gesture
witness
employ
employer
employee
9．____________adj. 相同的
10．____________vt. 把……理解(解释)为 vt. & vi. 口译
→_______________n. 理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式
→______________n. 口译工作者；口译译员
11．_________vi. 相异；不同于
→____________adj. 相异的；不同的
→_____________n. 不同；相异
12．________n. 面颊；脸颊
identical
interpret
interpretation
interpreter
differ
different
difference
cheek
13．_________vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
→_____________adj. 给人好印象的；肯定的；赞同的；支持的；有利的
14．______vi. 鞠躬；点头 vt. 低(头) n. 弓；蝴蝶结
15．________n. 腰；腰部
16．__________n. 隔阂；障碍
17．_______adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的
18．________n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒
→________adj. 生气的
favour
favourable
bow
waist
barrier
fake
anger
angry
19．___________adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
→_______vi. 信赖；依靠
20．___________n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
21．________n. & v. 审讯；审判；试验；试用
22．_________adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的
→___________adv. 略微；稍微
23．_______adj. 双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n. 孪生之一；双胞胎之一
reliable
rely
incident
trial
slight
slightly
twin
24．_____________n. 评价；评定
→_________vt. 评估；评价
25．___________adj. 内部的；里面的
26．_______n. 故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi. 摆好姿势 vt. 造成(威胁、问题等)
27．_______vt. & vi. (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
→_______(过去式)
→_______(过去分词)
assessment
assess
internal
pose
bend
bent
bent
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．_______ language 身势语；肢体语言
2．vary ________… ______… 从……到……变化
3．look ________ someone’s eyes 直视某人
4．_____ contrast相比之下
5．look ________俯视；向下看
6．_____ comparison(与……)相比较
7．make ______________推理；推断
8．figure _______想出；理解；弄清
body
from
to
into
by
down
by
inferences
out
9．get ___________完成，干完(尤指难做的任务或工作)；度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期)；通过电话联系上；接通……的电话；通过(考试)
10．break ________消除；分解；打破
11．feel ________感到沮丧；情绪消沉
12．in __________ of支持
13．tend ________ sth. 易于；往往；倾向于
14．straighten ______直起来；整理；收拾整齐
15．end ______(通常指意外地)最终到达；最终；结果
through
down
down
favour
to do
up
up
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．①In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down _____________ to an older person.
在日本，和年长的人说话时目光向下以表示尊敬。
②Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head ______________ your eyes means “sleep”.
双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
2．In countries like France and Russia, people may _______________ ______________ when they meet.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，朋友见面时可能会亲吻脸颊。
when talking
while closing
kiss their friends
on the cheek
3．And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is ___________________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
4．Can you describe a situation _________ you might smile when you don’t mean it
你能描述一个你可能不是真心微笑的情况吗？
nothing better than
where
Ⅳ．语篇解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．What does the passage mainly talk about？ _____
A．Communication. B．Spoken language.
C．Body language. D．Different cultures.
C
2．Match each part with its main idea.
Para. 1 A．The same gesture may have different
meanings in different countries.
Para. 2 B．Smiling has many different uses.
Paras. 3—4 C．Body language varies from culture to culture.
Para. 5 D．Both words and body language are of importance in interactions with others.
Para. 6 E. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
答案：Para. 1 D Para. 2 C Para. 3-4 A Para. 5 E Para. 6 B
Step 2 Careful-reading
Choose the best answer.
1．In which countries are men and women not permitted to make eye contact？ _____
A．China and Japan.
B．Middle Eastern countries.
C．Brazil and Germany.
D．Bulgaria and southern Albania.
B
2．How does the passage develop (展开)？ _____
A．By giving examples.
B．By giving data.
C．By giving definition (定义).
D．By analysing facts.
A
3．What can we learn from the passage？ _____
A．In all countries, shaking the head means “No”.
B．A smile can get a person into difficult situations.
C．In Russia, people favour bowing from the waist when they meet someone else.
D．If a person moves his hand in circles over his stomach after a meal，that means he is full.
D
4．Which proverb can best describe the main idea of the passage？ _____
A．Never too old to learn.
B．When in Rome，do as the Romans do.
C．Four eyes see more than two.
D．Every country has its own customs.
B
5．Which of the following can NOT be conveyed (传达) through the gesture of “smiling”？ _____
A．Apology. B．Greeting.
C．Anger. D．Asking for help.
C
课内要点探究
The prices of some goods vary with the season.
某些货物的价格随着季节的变化而变动。
Typing patterns vary from person to person.
打字模式因人而异。
重 点 单 词
1．vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变
The diamonds vary in size, so they have different prices.
钻石大小不同，所以价格也不同。
The wires’ lengths vary between 25 cm and 50 cm.
这些电线的长度从25厘米到50厘米不等。
(1)vary with随……而变化
vary in在……方面不同
vary from… to… 由……到……变化
vary between… and… 在……与……之间变化
(2)various adj. 各种各样的
(3)variety n. 种类；多样化
a variety of(＝varieties of＝various)各种各样的
单句语法填空
①People’s clothes usually vary ________ the season and taste.
②Generally, pulse rates vary slightly ________ person ______ person.
③These shoes vary ______ size and colour.
④In these open spaces are numerous plants in ___________ stages of growth that attract a ___________ of other plant-eaters. (vary)
with
from
to
in
various
variety
完成句子
⑤Opinions on various social questions ________________________ (因人而异).
一句多译
他们已经找到了各种各样的方法来满足客人的需求。
⑥They have found ___________ ways to meet the customers’ needs.
⑦They have found _____________ ways to meet the customers’ needs.
⑧They have found ______________ ways to meet the customers’ needs.
vary from person to person
various
varieties of
a variety of
She was so delicate that the tough job was not appropriate for her.
她那么纤弱，那项艰苦的工作不适合她。
It is not appropriate (for me) to make adjustments to the plan now.
现在(我)对计划作出调整是不合适的。
It is appropriate that you draw a conclusion with enough evidence.
有足够的证据，所以你下结论是合适的。
2．appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
(1)be appropriate for/to适合……
It is appropriate (for sb. ) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that sb. (should) do… 某人做……是合适的。
(2)appropriately adv. 合适地；恰当地
(3)inappropriate adj. 不合适的
单句语法填空
①The book was written in a style appropriate __________ the age of the children.
②Is it now an appropriate time __________(make) a speech
③She says dressing _______________(appropriate) for interviews helps applicants feel confident.
to/for
to make
appropriately
完成句子
④Plain, simple clothes ___________________(适合) school wear.
⑤_________________________(……是合适的) you should adopt his suggestion.
are appropriate for
It’s appropriate that
He doesn’t approve of my/me taking up the job as an editor.
他不同意我从事编辑这份工作。
The president approved the building plans you submitted.
董事长批准了你递交的建筑计划。
3．approve vi. 赞成，同意 vt. 批准；通过
(1)approve of sth. 同意/赞同某事
approve of one’s/sb. doing sth. 同意/赞同某人做某事
be approved by被……批准
(2)approval n. 批准；认可；赞同
give one’s approval to批准
win/earn one’s approval得到某人的赞成
(3)disapprove vi. 不赞成，反对
disapproval n. [U]不赞成
单句语法填空
①Her mother doesn’t approve ______ her going to study in the United States alone.
②Alan is someone who always needs the ____________(approve) of other people.
③After a lot of hard work and efforts, the project _____________ (approve) eventually by the government.
of
approval
was approved
完成句子
④令我非常高兴的是，我的父母同意我出国旅游。
Much to my delight, my parents have ____________________________ for a trip.
approved of me/my going abroad
She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.
她被亲眼看见的暴虐场面震惊了。
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.
他作证看到那个人进入这座大楼。
The police are looking for witnesses to the accident.
警方正在寻找这个事故的目击者。
4．witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人
(1)witness to (doing) sth. 为(做)某事作证
(2)be (a) witness to作为……的证明
bear/give witness to sth. 为……作证，证明
vt. 目击←witness →n. 证人
witness意为“见证；目击”时，其主语可以是时间、地点等。
witness作“见证”讲时，同see等词一样，可以用时间或地点名词作主语，使用拟人化的手法。
The last forty years have witnessed great changes in our country.
过去的40年见证了我们国家的重大变化。
单句语法填空
①One witness ______ the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
②It was an extraordinary experience _____________(witness) the first sunrise of the new millennium.
to
to witness
完成句子
③The police found ______________(一个……的目击证人) the accident and asked her to _____________(作证).
④Many people _________________________(目睹了那场事故) because it happened during the rush hour.
翻译句子
⑤这所大学多年来经历了很多变革。
__________________________________________________________
a witness to
give witness
witnessed the accident
This university has witnessed quite a few changes over the years.
The children should be taught how to employ their spare time properly.
孩子们应该被教会如何正确利用他们的空闲时间。
His elder brother is employed as a cook in a big restaurant.
他的哥哥受雇于一家大饭店当厨师。
Every autumn, they employ casual workers to pick the fruit.
每年秋天，他们雇用临时工摘水果。
She was employed in making a list of all the work to be done.
她忙着把所有要做的工作列一个清单。
5．employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用
(1)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employ sb. as sth. 雇用某人当……
be employed in (doing) sth. ＝employ oneself in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事，从事某活动
(2)employee n. [C]雇员，受雇者
employer n. [C]雇主，老板
employment n. 雇用；就业；受雇
out of employment失业
unemployment n. 失业，失业人数
单句语法填空
①For the past three years he has been employed ______ a firefighter.
②More than 3,000 local workers _____________(employ) in the tourism industry at present.
③The report examined teaching method ____________(employ) in the classroom.
④Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ______________ (employ).
as
are employed
employed
employment
完成句子
⑤She’s not yet old enough _________________________________ a position of trust.
to be employed in/employ herself in
My younger brother and I differ from each other in many ways.
我和我弟弟在许多方面都不同。
French and English differ in this respect.
在这方面法语和英语不同。
I’m sorry to differ with you on that question.
对不起，在那个问题上我与你的看法不同。
6．differ vi. 相异；不同于
(3)difference n. 不同；差异
make a difference有影响，有关系
tell the difference between A and B区分/辨别A和B
the difference between A and B (in sth. ) A和B(在某方面)的区别
用differ的适当形式填空
①British English is _____________ from American English. They __________ in many minor aspects, such as spelling and pronuciation. All English speakers understand each other, but it is helpful to know about some of the _____________.
different
differ
differences
用适当的介词填空
②The two leaders differed ________ each other _______________ several issues (问题).
③That two nations differ ______ the culture and climate.
④That fashion in different countries differs ________ each other reflects the cultural differences.
with
about/on/over
in
from
Chances always favour those who make adequate preparations.
机会往往垂青那些有充分准备的人。
The warm climate favours many kinds of plants.
温暖的气候有利于多种植物的生长。
Could you do me a favour and take this pile of books to the classroom
你能帮个忙，把这摞书搬到教室去吗？
I’m all in favour of equal pay for equal work.
我完全支持同工同酬。
7．favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
(1)do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
owe sb. a favour欠某人一个人情
in favour of支持，赞同
in one’s favour对某人有利
(2)favourite adj. 最喜欢的
favoured adj. 受到优待的；得到偏爱的
favourable adj. 赞成的；同意的；有利的；给人好印象的
单句语法填空
①The young girl left a ______________(favour) impression on him.
②It used to be my _____________(favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently.
favourable
favourite
完成句子
③My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______________ (赞成) it.
④Could you _____________(帮我个忙) and pick up Sam from school today
翻译句子
⑤Opportunity favours prepared people.
________________________
in favour of
do me a favour
机会青睐有准备的人。
A man who is dead to the justice is not reliable.
一个没有正义感的人是不可信的。
Currently, investors do not always have access to reliable information when they need it.
目前，投资者在需要的时候并不总是能够获得可靠的信息。
A reliable car is worth its weight in gold.
靠得住的汽车就是很有价值的。
8．reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
(1)reliable person可靠的人(可以信任)
reliable data/information可靠的数据/信息(信息准确)
reliable quality/service可靠的质量/服务(正常运转)
(2)rely vi. 依赖；依靠
rely on sb. to do sth. 依赖某人做某事
rely on it that… (＝depend on it that… )相信……
I rely on him because he is reliable.
我依靠他是因为他很可靠。
You may rely on it that she won’t change her mind.
你可以放心，她不会改变主意的。
单句语法填空
①My car’s not as ____________(rely) as it used to be.
②I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and ______________ (reliable) than television.
③As long as one doesn’t come to rely ______ it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
reliable
more reliable
on
完成句子
④You can ________________________(相信) Peter would like to accept the suggestion.
rely/depend on it that
The trick is to bend your knees as you catch the ball.
窍门是你接球时要屈膝。
You have to bend down to go through the door.
你得弯腰才能穿过这扇门。
9．bend vt. & vi. (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向(bent，bent)
bend一词多义：
单句语法填空
①There are several sharp _________(bend) in the roads.
②He bent ________ to pick up the book.
完成句子
③ _______________(要屈膝) when you pick up something heavy.
④The accident happened _____________(在拐弯处).
⑤As a journalist, he refused to ______________(扭曲事实).
bends
down
Bend your knees
at the bend
bend the truth
She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well.
她考试差点不及格，而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。
The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central plains become extremely cold.
沿海地区的冬天天气暖和，可是相比之下中部平原却异常寒冷。
重 点 短 语
1．by contrast相比之下(＝in contrast)
in contrast to与……形成对比
The situation when we arrived was in marked contrast to the news reports.
我们到达时的局势与新闻报道的截然不同。
完成句子
①When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned ______________(相比之下).
②Mary was short and fat, ______________(与……形成对比) her sister who was tall and slim.
by contrast
in contrast to
By comparison, this house has the advantage of low price and that house has the advantage of convenient transportation.
相比较起来，这幢房子的优点是价格低，而那幢房子的优点是交通便利。
By comparison, British artists seemed to lack imagination and invention.
相比之下，英国艺术家似乎缺乏想象力和创造力。
2．by comparison相比之下；比较起来；通过比较
(1)by/in comparison with… 与……相比较
make a comparison作比较
(2)compare vt. 比较，对比；将……比作
compare A with B 把A和B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compared with/to与……相比
单句语法填空
①The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains ____________(compare) with other animals.
②The tallest buildings in London are small in ______________ (compare) with New York’s skyscrapers.
compared
comparison
完成句子
③After months of being in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool ______________(相比之下).
④You can’t _________________(作比较) between American schools and Chinese schools; they are very different.
by comparison
make a comparison
A smile can break down barriers.
微笑能消除隔阂。
Their car broke down halfway the day before yesterday.
前天他们的汽车半路上抛锚了。
3．break down消除；分解；打破；(机器或车辆)坏掉，出故障；(讨论、谈判等)失败；(健康或精神等方面)垮掉，崩溃
Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
与商界领导人的谈判昨晚破裂了。
He finally breaks down under the four-hour’s strain.
在四个小时的辛劳下，他终于垮了。
break up解散；破碎；结束
break through突破；冲破
break away (from)脱离；逃脱
break in强行进入；插话
break into强行进入(某处)；突然开始(笑、唱等)
break out(战争、火灾等)爆发
判断下列句子中break down的含义
①If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll break down sooner or later. ___________________________
②What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes. __________
③One night in the pouring rain, Tawny Nelson’s car broke down on the road. __________
④Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two communities. ________
(健康或精神等方面)垮掉
使分解
出故障
消除
单句语法填空
⑤Their study in college would break up the next month, so they decided to break ______ their band.
⑥A big fire broke _______ last night and its cause is being looked into.
⑦When he got home, he found his house broken ________.
⑧See, your computer has broken ________ again! It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
up
out
into
down
Please straighten up and imagine that your head is touching the sky.
请直起身来，并想象着你的头触碰着天空。
After so many years of hard work, she is tired out and can not straighten up at all.
经过这么多年的努力工作，她累得腰都直不起来了。
You should straighten up your room before going out.
出门前你应该把房间收拾整齐。
4．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
straighten out(使)变直；(使)变正；理清，整顿(混乱的局面)
straight away立刻；马上
单句语法填空
①Never lose heart. Dry your tears and ______________(straight) up.
完成句子
②我们在他们到达之前匆忙把房子整理好。
We hurried to _________________________ before they arrived.
straighten
straighten up the house
重 点 句 型
1．①In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
在日本，和年长的人说话时目光向下以表示尊敬。
②Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”.
双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
在以上两个句子中，when talking和while closing都采用了省略的形式。完整的形式是when they are talking和while you are closing。
状语从句中的省略
状语从句的省略是指在时间、条件、比较、让步状语从句中，将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。通常需要具备以下条件：
(1)从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it；
(2)从句中含有be动词。
Video games can be a bad influence if (they are) left in the wrong hands.
电子游戏如果落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生不良影响。
It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless (you are) fully covered in thick clothes.
外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。
While (you were) walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，它挣脱了，被车撞了。
The disease was spreading faster than (it was) expected，but they took action in time.
疾病比预计的传播得快，但是他们及时采取了措施。
惯用省略结构：
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不是这样；否则
if necessary如果有必要
if possible如果可能的话
if any如果有的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
单句语法填空
①Unless ___________(invite), I won’t go to his party this weekend.
②If _________(ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
③While ____________(watch) TV, I heard a strange noise.
④They had no fault. They did everything as ________(tell).
⑤The weather was worse than ____________(expect).
invited
asked
watching
told
expected
同义句转换
⑥Whenever possible, the children should play outside in the fresh air.
→Whenever ______________, the children should play outside in the fresh air.
⑦When completed, the library will be open to the public next year.
→When _______________, the library will be open to the public next year.
it is possible
it is completed
这是一个主从复合句。when they meet是when引导的时间状语从句，主句中kiss sb. on the cheek亲吻某人的面颊。
2．In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，朋友见面时可能会亲吻脸颊。
“及物动词＋sb. ＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名称”结构
英语中，习惯把接受动作的人作为宾语，而用介词短语说明接触到的人体部位。
在该结构中，若身体部位不同，所用介词也不同，其具体用法如下：
拍，打：pat，strike，hit，beat
抓：catch，seize，grasp
拉，牵：pull，take，hold
in＋the＋柔软的部位(如face，eye，leg等)
on＋the＋坚硬的部位(如head，shoulder，back等)
by＋the＋可牵拉的部位(如hand，arm，ear等)
The angry father caught his son by the arm.
那个生气的父亲拽住了儿子的胳膊。
The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.
那个淘气的男孩打中了那个人的鼻子。
The teacher patted me on the shoulder, telling me the news.
老师拍着我的肩膀，告诉我这个消息。
The referee warned the player not to kick the rival in the stomach.
裁判警告这名选手不能踢竞争对手的肚子。
介词后面所跟的表示身体部位的名词前面要用the，而不是his，her等物主代词。
单句语法填空
①I hit the fellow ______ the head.
②The girl hit the boy ______ the mouth.
③The mother held the children ______ the hand.
④The little child took his grandma ______ the arm and walked her across the street.
on
in
by
by
这是一个主从复合句。本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级含义。
3．And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
(1)在“否定词＋比较级”句式中，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(2)最高级意义的多种表达法：
①否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
②否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.
多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
Tom is more intelligent than any other student/all the other students in his class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
单句语法填空
①No one could be ______________(generous); he has a heart of gold.
②Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a __________(good) boss.
③Nothing is ______________(pleasant) than staying home listening to music.
④The weather couldn’t be _________(bad), so we will not go out.
more generous
better
more pleasant
worse
句型转换
⑤He is the tallest student in his class.
→There is _________________ than him in his class.
no taller student
这是一个主从复合句。主句是Can you describe a situation，后面是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词situation。
4．Can you describe a situation where you might smile when you don’t mean it
你能描述一个你可能不是真心微笑的情况吗？
表示抽象地点的名词后接where引导的定语从句
当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage，condition，scene，activity，position，site，spot等，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，需用关系副词where引导。
He got into a situation where it was hard to tell what was right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
After graduation she reached a point where she had to decide what to do.
毕业后她到了必须决定做什么的境地。
(1)表示抽象地点的名词后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中不作状语，而是作宾语或主语等，则关系词不能用where，而要用that/which。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。(that/which作宾语)
(2)关系副词where引导定语从句时，可用“介词＋关系代词”替换。
They need an activity where (＝in which) they can learn to cooperate with each other.
他们需要一项他们能够学习彼此合作的活动。
单句语法填空
①Self-driving is an area _________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
②Then I got to the point _________ I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.
③—Do you have anything to say for yourself
—Yes, there is one point ______________ I must insist on.
④It’s helpful to put children in a situation _________ they can see themselves differently，and this is ________ I agree with.
where
where
which/that
where
what
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．He is in deep sorrow, so it isn’t an _____________ (合适的) time to mention this subject.
2．____________(目击者) in the area reported seeing the traffic accident when they were in the street.
3．She can not speak English so her children have to _____________ (口译) for her.
appropriate
Witnesses
interpret
4．Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create ____________ (障碍) to transportation and communication.
5．(2020·北京西城区期中) The two pictures are similar, although not _____________(相同的).
6．She finished what she had to say with a ___________(姿势) of despair.
barriers
identical
gesture
7．Your time could be usefully ____________(使用) in attending to professional matters.
8．His sudden departure had ______________(说明) how unreliable he was.
9．His expressions __________(变化) from poker-faced to blank.
10．Later on I remember that I forgot to _______(鞠躬) at that time.
employed
demonstrated
varied
bow
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．I do hope my suggestions will meet with your ____________ (approve).
2．Some students don’t have a ____________(rely) car，while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
3．Seeing her father’s face turn red with _________(angry), the little girl slipped out of the house in silence.
approval
reliable
anger
4．The two animals come from the same family but differ ______ body shape.
5．Our relationships and memories are built on our ________________ (interact) with other people.
6．(2020·黑龙江哈三中段考) Applicants coming from ________ _________ (vary) backgrounds will compete for the only job vacancy (空缺) this afternoon.
in
interaction(s)
various/
varied
7．Hearing the cry for help, the young man rushed to seize the thief ______ the arm.
8．Have you ever had a case _________ the opinion you had stuck to turned out to be wrong
9．(2021·3月天津)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
10．Two-thirds of the French are ______ favour of limiting foreign imports into Europe.
where
where
in
by
Ⅲ．选词填空
1．(2021·黑龙江哈六中月考)Many schools in the USA didn’t _____________ students wearing jeans to school.
2．The achievements of their revolution were great, and its failures, ______________, relatively minor.
break down，look into，approve of，be employed in，in favour of，by comparison
approve of
by comparison
3．(2021·江苏江阴期中)Are you ______________ the opinion that beautiful handwriting is becoming extremely important to all the students
4．(2021·安徽滁州月考)Plastic bottles take hundreds of years to _____________ into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear.
5．The police are making every effort to ____________ the disappearance of the two children and I am sure it will work out soon.
6．In order to work more effectively, at this moment she ____________ adjusting her schedule.
in favour of
break down
look into
is employed in
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．希望我的建议能得到您的认可。
I hope my suggestions will _________________________.
2．各个学校的教学方法大不相同。
Teaching methods ____________________________ school.
3．好几个人目睹了这次袭击事件，但是没人站出来保护她。
Several people _______________________, but no one came to her defence.
meet with your approval
vary greatly from school to
witnessed the attack
4．我赞同你的建议。
I’m ______________ your suggestion.
5．人们有时可以根据先前的知识进行推断。
A human can sometimes ________________ based on previous knowledge.
6．顺着这条街一直走过两个街区，然后左转。
Head ______________ the street about two blocks then turn left.
in favour of
make inferences
straight up
7．尽管它们非常有用，但我认为对如此小的程序(的使用)进行收费不是件很合适的事情。
I don’t feel that it would _________________ charge money for such small programs, even if they are extremely useful.
8．除此之外，团队应该开始为自己的工作寻求一个更远大的目标。
______________, teams should start looking for a purpose in what they are doing.
be appropriate to
Apart from this
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Besides words, body language can also give us information about feelings. However, it varies 1.______ culture to culture. For example, making eye contact together with the gesture for “OK”， “yes” and “no” 2._________(differ) around the world. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not 3.__________(social) permitted to make eye contact.
from
differs
socially
In Japan, it may show respect to look down when speaking with the older people. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we 4.____________(talk) to and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on 5._____ cheek when they meet while in other countries of the world people approve of 6._________(shake) hands, bowing or nodding.
are talking
the
shaking
Of course, some gestures have the same meaning everywhere. For example, placing hands together and resting them on the side of our head with our eyes closed means “sleep”. If we are full after a meal, we can move our hand in 7._________(circle) over our stomach.
On the other hand, some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling, 8._______ can help us get through difficult situations, find friends and break down barriers. You can also make 9.__________(you) feel happier and stronger by smiling. If you feel down，there is nothing 10.________(good) than seeing the smile of your good friend.
circles
which
yourself
better
解析：
1．考查介词。此处表示肢体语言因文化而异。vary from… to… 为固定短语，表示“在……与……之间变化”。
2．考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句中“making eye contact together with the gesture for’OK’，’yes’and’no’”作主语，together with连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与together with前的名词保持一致；making eye contact为单个动词-ing短语，故谓语动词用单数形式。
3．考查副词。空处在句中作状语修饰谓语，故用副词socially。
4．考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处指我们和正在谈话的对象站得有多近，故应用现在进行时。
5．考查冠词。“及物动词＋sb. ＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”是固定结构。故填the。
6．考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作介词of的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填shaking。
7．考查名词的数。此处表示如果我们吃饱了，我们可以用手在腹部打圈。句中circle为可数名词，故应用复数形式。
8．考查定语从句。该句为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，空处修饰先行词smiling并在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。
9．考查反身代词。此处表示使你自己更快乐，故用反身代词。
10．考查形容词的比较级。由空后的than可知，空处应用比较级形式。此处为“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。故填better。
夯基提能作业UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Why bother __asking/to ask__(ask) if you’re not really interested
2．There has been a mixed __reaction__(react) to her appointment as director.
3．Stop __bothering__(bother) me when I’m working.
4．I’ve made a few __adjustments__(adjust) to the design.
5．Some hospital patients experience high levels of __anxiety__(anxious).
6．The young couple are always occupied __with__ endless whispers of love.
7．She was deeply ashamed __of__ her behaviour at the party.
8．The male bird is distinguished __from__ the female by its red beak.
9．Feeling __embarrassed__(embarrass), he said a few words and walked off.
10．I intend to call __on__ him and discuss this question again.
Ⅱ．选词填空
work out，act out，in other words，make sense，for instance，at the end of
1．Cars were first used __at the end of__ the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.
2．They asked him to leave— __in other words__,_he was fired by the boss.
3．Mike, do you think these math problems are quite difficult to __work out__
4．Be prepared to __act out__ the meanings and have your partner guess what you mean.
5．It doesn’t __make sense__ to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
6．They will be concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly, __for instance__.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
When people talk to each other, write letters or make phone calls, words of the spoken form or the written form can send any message they want to pass on.
But besides words, do you know any other ways you can use to communicate with people Rich expressions on your face can be one of them. A smile on your face shows that you are happy. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad or excited. Body languages can do the same job. When you put your hand up in class，the teacher knows that you want to say something or that you may have some questions to ask. You shake your head from side to side and people know you are saying “no”or refuse others’ requirements. When you nod, people will understand that you are saying “yes” or agree to others’ opinions or suggestions.
Other forms can also carry different messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop gives passengers instructions on which bus to take. The flag language made by soldiers can pass different orders. Sound from the school bell tells the students and the teachers when to begin or end a class. A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what he thinks of the world around him. Music and films also convey the feelings and ideas of the musicians and the directors. So next time when you see a piece of art or listen to some music，take it as communication with its creator and try to get the meaning behind it.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。除了口头和书面的交流形式，生活中还有其他的交流方式，比如，面部表情、体态语、汽车站的站牌、士兵的旗语等。
1．When people want to use the words to communicate with others, they __A__.
A．write letters B．cry aloud
C．keep silent D．make friends
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“When people talk to each other，write letters or make phone calls，words of the spoken form or the written form can send any message they want to pass on. (当人们互相交谈、写信或打电话时，口头形式或者书面形式的话可以传达任何他们想传递的消息。)”可知，当人们想用语言与别人交流时，他们可以写信即书面形式的语言。故选A。
2．According to the passage you just need to __C__ if you agree to others’ suggestions.
A．close your eyes
B．put up your hand
C．move your head up and down
D．shake your head from side to side
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“When you nod, people will understand that you are saying ’yes’ or agree to others’ opinions or suggestions. ”可知当你点头时，人们会明白，你在说“是”或同意别人的观点或建议，结合选项C的意思“头上下移动”可知与原文相符。故选C。
3．Through a photo we may know __C__.
A．which can be taken
B．what the orders mean for soldiers
C．how the photographer sees the world
D．when the students should have a class
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what he thinks of the world around him. ”可知，摄影师可以用他拍摄的照片告诉别人他认为周围的世界是什么样子的。故选C。
4．The best title for the passage may be __B__.
A．Spoken and Written Languages
B．Forms of Communication
C．Facial Expressions and Gestures
D．Suggestions on Communication
解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了人们之间交流的方式是多种多样的，话语、体态语、汽车站的站牌、士兵的旗语等都有助于人们之间的交流和沟通，故本文最佳的题目为：Forms of Communication(交流方式)。故选B。
Ⅱ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Culture shock” is the name __1．given__(give) by people to the feeling of discomfort and confusion __2．which/that__ usually occurs when someone goes into a new and different culture. Unfamiliar social customs, values, weather, changes in diet can all contribute __3．to__ physical and emotional discomfort. __4．Accepting__(accept) this as a normal process helps to ease the feeling. To overcome the feeling, we encourage you __5．to speak__(speak) with fellow students or teachers about any challenges you may be experiencing as __6．a__ result of culture shock. For example, American culture values time as a resource, placing great emphasis on punctuality (准时). They spend time almost as if it __7．were__ (be) money, so it is important to arrive on time. Additionally, many international students are __8．surprised__ (surprise) at the American learning style. US professors expect students to ask questions and voice their __9．opinions__ (opinion). And, do not hesitate to visit your professor during his or her office hours if you are not clear about a material. __10．Unless__ you speak up, professors will assume that you understand.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是文化冲突以及解决文化冲突的办法。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。由后文的by可知，此处用过去分词作定语。故填given。
2．考查定语从句。此处the feeling of discomfort and confusion 是先行词，空处的关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语。故填which/that。
3．考查固定短语。contribute to 意为“导致”。故填to。
4．考查非谓语动词。此处作主语需用动名词。故填Accepting。
5．考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to speak。
6．考查冠词。此处是固定短语 as a result of, 意为“因为”。故填a。
7．考查虚拟语气。此处as if 后用虚拟语气。故填were。
8．考查形容词。此处be surprised at… 意为“对……感到惊讶”。故填surprised。
9．考查名词的数。根据空前的their 可知，这里应用复数形式。故填opinions。
10．考查连词。根据句意可知这里表示“除非你说出来，否则教授会认为你明白了”。故填Unless。
Ⅲ．读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
On July 8,2017，eight members of a family in total，were enjoying an evening together at the beach in Panhandle，Florida. As the sun sank lower on the horizon，the two boys Noah,11，and Stephen,8—swam into the waves without the grown－ups noticing. Soon they realized that the ocean had pulled them into the sea. After trying and failing to swim back，they started waving and screaming for help. But the lifeguards had been off duty for the evening.
The boys had been struggling for several minutes when Jacky and Tabatha，a couple from Georgia，heard them. They dived into the water and soon reached the two brothers. But after a few minutes，they were all trapped in a rip current (离岸流)—a powerful one that could sweep even the strongest swimmer out to sea! By then，some teenagers had heard the cry. One of the teens rushed into the water，grabbed Jacky，and pulled him back to shore. Meanwhile，Tabatha could feel herself being pulled farther out. She was already exhausted and beginning to feel desperate as she was trying to save both boys alone.
Onshore，Jacky was terrified. A man stopped. “What’s wrong？”asked Shaun，who was heading back to his car. “My wife is drowning！”Jacky said. Shaun immediately strode (大步跨)into the water. But several minutes later，a gaping 15 feet still lay between him and Tabatha and the boys. He knew that if he continued，he’d become another victim. He turned around to seek help.
It was about that time that Roberta，the boys’ mother，returned from the bathroom and looked around for her children. She was shocked to spot them floating much farther out than they were allowed to go. She fought the waves to get to her screaming sons and the stranger who was trying to save them，but she quickly discovered it was nearly impossible to make headway in any direction. Looking around，Roberta sighed with relief to see some more people coming to help.
Paragraph 1：
When they tried in vain to rescue the brothers and Tabatha，a risky idea came to them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
By then，more swimmers had also noticed the group in trouble and rushed to join the human chain. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
When they tried in vain to rescue the brothers and Tabatha，a risky idea came to them. To keep themselves from losing their footing in the rip current，they began holding on to one another to form a human chain extending from the beach all the way out to the struggling brothers and Tabatha. They stayed linked tightly and managed to ensure they were safe by making their feet firmly planted in the sand. However，that required more links—probably dozens of them. Shaun spotted other swimmers on the beach and shouted，“Don’t just stand there! Come and help. ”
Paragraph 2：
By then，more swimmers had also noticed the group in trouble and rushed to join the human chain. One by one，link by link，total strangers walked into the waves and grasped one another by the wrists，determined that no one would die on that beach. At last，they made it and Tabatha and the two brothers were saved! “Those people on the beach are angels on earth，”said Roberta. “Whether it is the first person or the last person in the chain，they are all our heroes，who helped get our family out of trouble. ”(共28张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况，文体上属于说明文。考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。对于这类形式的书面表达，应做到如下几点：
图表作文
1．细读图表，抓住特征
图表中的数据信息往往较多，首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后，从图表的整体着手，认真分析各项数据，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常命名用的词汇有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。
2．认真审读，确定主题
认真审读试题所提供的数据信息，结合文字提示，确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中，需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征，然后归纳出主题。有时，试题给出了短文的题目，也就等于为考生点明了主题。
3．词句多变，表达灵活
由于图表数据比较单调，很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达，结果文章显得很乏味。因此，写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型，选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。
[常用表达]
1．简要说明图表内容的句型：
The table/chart shows that…
As can be seen from the chart…
From the table/chart/forms we can see…
The table tells us that…
2．表示变化/比较的句型：
There was a great/slight increase/rise in…
There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in… It is 20% lower/higher than…
The number/rate has nearly doubled, as against that of last year.
The number is… times as much as that of…
It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by… times/… percent.
3．说明原因的句型：
The reason for… is that…
One may think of the change as a result of…
The change in… largely results from the fact that…
There are several causes for this significant growth in… First… This brings out the important fact that…
4．结尾句型
In summary, it is important…
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that…
Obviously, if we want to… it is necessary…
There is no doubt that attention must be paid…
[写作模板]
As we have more _________，we should pay more attention to _________. As we see from the table, many differences exist between _________ and _________. (第一点) For example, there are more _________ than _________. _________，which is _________. (第二点) Also, _________ think it _________，while _________. (第三点)Furthermore, _________，while _________.
In a word, only by _________ can we expect to __________________ _______________________.
精品展示
假如你是王兵，你和你的美国笔友John对中美身势语的差异做了一个简单的对比。请你根据以下表格中的内容完成一个关于中美身势语差异的英文报告，同时提醒人们在和外国朋友交际时，注意正确使用身势语。
身势语 美国 中国
身体接触 保持距离，较少接触，尤其是同性之间 身体接触较多，例如女性之间可以手拉手等
伸舌头 一种粗鲁的表现 一种尴尬的表现
拍小孩的头 给予安慰或鼓励 表示喜爱
注意：1．短文应包括表格所示的全部内容，可适当发挥；
2．词数80左右，文章开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：轻拍pat 安慰comfort
As we have more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language. ____________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[审题谋篇]
第一步 明确要求
该写作属于图表作文，故要用第______人称来写；文章的主题内容是介绍中美身势语的差异，故时态用 ______________。
第二步 确定段落
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
Para. 1 开门见山，提出主题；
Para. 2 详细介绍中美身势语在三个方面的差异；
Para. 3 概括总结。
三
一般现在时
第三步 核心词汇
1．_____________手拉手
2．________________拍某人的头
3．___________________________了解所有的差异
4．___________________伸出舌头
5．____________________________实现恰当的沟通
hand in hand
pat sb. on the head
understand all the differences
put out one’s tongue
achieve proper communication
第四步 句式升级
1．美国人认为伸出舌头是不礼貌的，而中国人在感到尴尬时经常使用这个姿势。
(一般表达)Americans think it rude to put out one’s tongue. The Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed.
(高级表达)Americans think it rude to put out one’s tongue, _________ the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed.
while
2．只有充分理解肢体语言的所有差异，我们才能期望实现适当的沟通。
(一般表达)We can expect to achieve proper communication only by fully understanding all the differences in body language.
(高级表达)Only by fully understanding all the differences in body language _____________ to achieve proper communication.
can we expect
第五步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
As we have more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language.
As we see from the table, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language. For example, there are more touching gestures in China than in America. Women or girls in China often walk hand in hand, which is very rare in America. Also, Americans think it rude to put out one’s tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Furthermore, Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them, while the Americans do so to offer comfort or encouragement.
In a word, only by fully understanding all the differences in body language can we expect to achieve proper communication.
[亮点点评]
该范文结构完整，作者首先开门见山，提出主题；然后详细介绍中美身势语在三个方面的差异；最后概括总结。要点齐全，语言规范地道。使用了As we see from the table，for example，also，furthermore，in a word等过渡衔接语，句式上，作者巧妙地使用了定语从句、倒装句等高级句式，亮点频出，表达形式多样。总之，该范文是一篇朗朗上口的优秀范文，值得学习。
越来越多的中国中学生出国学习，对此人们有不同的看法。请根据以下表格中的提示，以Studying Abroad为题给二十一世纪英文报中学生版写一篇短文。
Advantages Disadvantages
1．与不同文化背景的人交友； 2．更快地学习外语 3．…… 1．年纪小、缺乏生活经验、自理能力差；
2．情感孤独，思乡；
3．……
你自己的看法
注意：1．短文须包括所有要点，内容连贯；
2．词数80左右；开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Studying Abroad
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular with Chinese high school students. _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Studying Abroad
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular with Chinese high school students. As for this, people have different opinions.
There are many advantages. First, they can make friends with people of different cultures. Second, they can improve their foreign languages more quickly. On the other hand, disadvantages arise. Some students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Moreover, being far away from their motherland, they may feel lonely and homesick. And further, the high cost is also a problem for ordinary families.
In my opinion, it is advisable to take many things into consideration. They can ask teachers or students who have studied abroad for advice and they should try to get everything ready before going abroad.
夯基提能作业
