UNIT 5 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Wheat is a main source of food for people across the planet, accounting for a fifth of the calories consumed globally. But as a result of climate change, scientists believe most parts of the world where the crop is grown will be hit by water shortages by the end of the century. And the US could be among the countries worst affected, the authors of the research published in the journal Science Advances told Newsweek.
If climate change isn’t dealt with, by the year 2100,60 percent of areas that grow wheat will be hit by water scarcity—up from the current level of 15 percent, according to the international team of scientists.
Co－authors Miroslav Trnka and Song Feng told Newsweek that in their previous research, they had shown climate change may cause soil to become less moist (湿润的) across most mainland US states, including those where wheat is grown. As a result, the US could be “one of the top most affected wheat producers” in terms of the increase in areas affected by severe droughts，they said in a joint statement.
Worryingly, existing research has predicted a 4．0 to 6．5 percent drop in global wheat production per 1 degree Celsius of warming if climate change isn’t eased. And it’s unlikely that wheat can be replaced if water becomes scarce, as it’s not as thirsty as other crops and can do without water for a relatively long period of time.
“If multiple regions are affected by drought at the same time，it might be difficult to meet the demand even if the trade routes stay open and are not restricted by governmental measures，” warned Feng and Trnka. However，he said，“Studies show that if we continuously improve the sustainability and technologies in the coming decades and allow for international trade, we may overcome the negative impacts of climate change. ”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。科学家认为由于气候变化，到21世纪末，世界上大部分种植小麦的地区将受到缺水的影响，如果气候变化得不到缓解，全球小麦的产量将会减少。
1．How will climate change hurt wheat production？ __B__
A．By lowering the temperature. B．By reducing the water supply.
C．By polluting the soil. D．By flooding the field.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，由于气候变化，小麦种植地将受到缺水的影响，又根据第四段可知，缺水会影响小麦产量。故选B。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3？ __C__
A．Wheat production caused droughts in most mainland US states.
B．The United States is the biggest wheat producer in the world.
C．The United States will suffer a lot from climate change.
D．Climate change is closely watched by American scientists.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“the US could be ’one of the top most affected wheat producers’”可推知，美国将在气候变化中受到很大影响。故选C。
3．Why is wheat unlikely to be replaced by other crops in a drought？ __D__
A．It is the primary food for most countries.
B．It is not influenced by global warming.
C．It is widely grown in most countries.
D．It needs less water than other crops.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，小麦不像其他作物那样那么需要水，在相当长的一段时间内没有水也能生存，因此小麦不太可能被其他作物取代。故选D。
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？ __B__
A．Health. B．Science.
C．Education. D．Entertainment.
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，这是一篇有关气候变化对小麦产量的影响的文章，由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的科学版块。故选B。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·江苏无锡高一期末)
Living the Light Life
Many of us like to dine out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty，fat－filled dishes and sugar－charged desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.
__1．G__ According to Economic Daily, low－calorie, low－fat and high－fiber meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery platforms.
__2．E__ According to a report released by Meituan, a major online food delivery platform, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.
Having a light meal doesn’t mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat－free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food. __3．B__ Healthy nutrients are the theme of the light meal.
These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. __4．F__ “After eating several light meals, I feel my appetite is becoming poor. I now prefer light flavors，” Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan，told China Daily. She shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef，eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes.
These changes in eating behavior are connected with deeper changes in how people think about food. Diet quality, not quantity, is important for both weight control and long－term well－being.
__5．C__ It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.
A．It is important that you go on a diet based on your own needs.
B．Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruit and vegetables.
C．So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal.
D．To avoid putting on weight, diners are willing to try every means.
E. The country saw a rapid expansion of restaurants specializing in light meals.
F. That’s probably why so many people, especially young adults, are into them.
G. The recent rise of light meals, however，gives diners a smarter choice.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。据《经济日报》报道，低热量，低脂肪和高纤维的餐食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上大受欢迎，这种餐食被称为轻食餐。文章说明了轻食餐的流行情况，以及其对人体健康的好处。
解析：
1．根据后文“According to Economic Daily，low－calorie, low－fat and high－fiber meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery platforms. (据《经济日报》报道，低热量、低脂肪和高纤维的餐食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上大受欢迎。)”可知，现在低热量、低脂肪和高纤维的轻食餐很流行，给就餐者提供了更明智的选择。故选G。
2．根据后文“According to a report released by Meituan, a major online food delivery platform，the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year. (根据主要在线外卖平台美团发布的一份报告显示，网上订购的轻食餐数量也比去年增长了75%。)”可知，网上订购的轻食餐数量在增加，说明提供轻食餐的餐厅数量也在迅速增加。故选E。
3．根据空前两句可知，此句谈论轻食餐里包含哪些健康食物。B项“相反，它包含像煮肉类、全谷物、水果和蔬菜等东西。”符合语境。故选B。
4．根据上文“These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. (这些菜肴对保持健康和控制体重有用。)”可知，上文是在说明轻食餐受欢迎的原因。F项“那可能就是那么多人，尤其是年轻人喜欢它们的原因。”符合语境。故选F。
5．根据后文“It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts. (它不仅能满足你们的胃，也许还能满足你们的心。)”可知，上文指出了轻食餐的各种好处，本段为文章最后一段，有总结上文，并起到呼应的作用。C项“所以下次你和朋友聚会时，试着吃一次轻食餐。”符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ．完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I went with some colleagues from my office for a dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was peak business time and the restaurant was packed. We __1．B__ found a table in a corner for three of us.
As soon as we sat down, we heard a crash when a cleaning boy __2．C__ the floor with all the plates he was carrying. There was __3．A__ and no one was saying or doing anything. In a flash I remembered my experience many years ago. Once, I passed out in the airport because I had rushed there on my own on an empty stomach. I was picked up and taken care of by two __4．B__. Now this was my chance to pay it forward.
I ran to the young man’s side immediately，turned him on his back and screamed for someone to __5．D__ a hot drink. Soon people started asking if I was a doctor. I said I was not, but I was skillful at blacking out(晕厥).
The kid soon opened his eyes, __6．B__ what had happened. I __7．C__ him by saying it was OK and I had had a __8．C__ experience. He had not eaten anything. I held the __9．D__ drink to his mouth till he finished it and sat with him till he felt OK. By then the __10．B__ had arrived. I asked her to give the kid something to eat. I offered to pay.
The manager was kind enough to refuse the __11．A__ and agreed to make sure the kid ate before he went home. By the time all this was __12．C__，it was getting late for my colleagues. We hadn’t __13．D__ anything yet, so they decided to go home.
I slowly walked home, not hungry any more, feeling __14．C__ for the opportunity I pay forward the __15．A__ I had received many years ago.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和同事们去餐厅吃饭的时候，突然打扫卫生的男孩摔倒在地，“我”立刻提供帮助。因为之前“我”晕倒的时候，也有陌生人向“我”提供了帮助，“我”想把这份善良继续传递下去。
1．A．actually B．finally
C．eagerly D．gradually
解析：由于饭店里非常拥挤，“我们”最终(finally)在角落里找到了吃饭的桌子。故选B。
2．A．kicked B．touched
C．hit D．swept
解析：“我们”一坐好，就听见一声巨响，由后文可知是端着盘子的打扫卫生的男孩摔倒，撞(hit)在地板上，发出了巨大的声响。故选C。
3．A．silence B．danger
C．doubt D．tension
解析：根据常识，当发生意料之外的事情时，大多数人通常都反应不过来，会说不出话，这里指所有人都保持安静(silence)。故选A。
4．A．friends B．strangers
C．colleagues D．relatives
解析：这次“我”想帮助这位陌生的打扫卫生的男孩，是因为之前“我”得到过陌生人(stranger)的帮助。故选B。
5．A．order B．buy
C．serve D．bring
解析：句意：我立刻冲到男孩旁边，把他翻过来，大声喊人拿(bring)热饮过来。使用bring表示从远处把物品拿到近处。本句与“命令”“购买”“服务”无关。故选D。
6．A．knowing B．wondering
C．ignoring D．arguing
解析：男孩睁开眼睛，想知道(wonder)发生了什么事情。故选B。
7．A．reminded B．comforted
C．answered D．encouraged
解析：本句使用answer与wonder保持一致，男孩想知道发生了什么事情，“我”告诉他一切都没问题。故选C。
8．A．memorable B．personal
C．similar D．common
解析：“我”告诉男孩“我”也有过类似的(similar)经历，安慰他说一切都很好。故选C。
9．A．cool B．refreshing
C．sweet D．warm
解析：根据前文的“a hot drink”可知，“我”让别人把热饮拿过来，现在让他喝下去。所以填形容词warm与上文的hot相对应。故选D。
10．A．customer B．manager
C．waitress D．doctor
解析：根据后文“The manager was kind enough to… ”可知，餐厅的经理(manager)过来处理这件事情了。故选B。
11．A．payment B．reward
C．suggestion D．support
解析：此处用名词payment，与上文动词pay为同义复现。故选A。
12．A．up B．away
C．over D．behind
解析：“我”处理好这一切以后，时间已经很晚了。使用be over(结束)，表示“我”处理好了男孩的事情。故选C。
13．A．prepared B．demanded
C．received D．ordered
解析：根据后面“他们决定回家”可知，“我们”并没有在餐厅里吃东西，应用动词order，表示“点菜”。故选D。
14．A．ready B．anxious
C．grateful D．comfortable
解析：对于有这样帮助他人的机会，“我”心怀感激之情。feel grateful for意为“对……感激”。故选C。
15．A．kindness B．honor
C．inspiration D．service
解析：根据上文可知，“我”晕倒的时候也得到过陌生人的帮助，现在“我”有机会帮助他人，把这份善良(kindness)传递下去。故选A。
Ⅳ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·浙江卷)
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __1．in__，through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on __2．what__ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person __3．than__ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food __4．was needed__(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __5．to change__(change) lives.
By about 6000 BC, people __6．had discovered__(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the __7．seasons__(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, __8．making__(make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with __9．the__ rise of science, changes began. New methods __10．meant__(mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章按照时间顺序简述了农业的发展进程以及给人们生活带来的变化。
解析：
1．考查介词。分析句子结构可知，they lived __1__是定语从句，修饰先行词the world；省略了关系代词，说明关系代词在从句中作宾语。根据语法常识知，live常和介词in搭配，意为“居住在……”。省略了的关系代词作in的宾语。故填in。
2．考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知， __2__ could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词what。句意：几千年来，他们开始对从野外猎取或采集的东西依赖变少，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的农作物。故填what。
3．考查介词。前文的more是提示词，再结合句意，故填than。
4．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。food和need之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；由上文的were born可知此处用一般过去时；且food在此处为不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was needed。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology。故填to change。
6．考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 by about 6000 BC(到大约公元前6000年为止)可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生的动作。故填had discovered。
7．考查名词的数。结合语境“他们学习随季节的变化而劳作”可知，一年有四个季节，需用复数形式。故填seasons。
8．考查非谓语动词。本句的主干是：Later, they learned to work with the seasons。 plant与make是并列的动作且与逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，planting已经给出提示。所以抓住句子主干是解本题的关键。故填making。
9．考查冠词。此处特指“随着科学的进步”，需用定冠词the。 with the rise of意为“随着……的崛起”，是固定短语。类似的结构有：with the development of。故填the。
10．考查动词的时态。结合前一句“… changes began. ”用了一般过去时可知，空格处mean也需用一般过去时。故填meant。 mean是不规则动词，过去式的正确拼写也是关键。故填meant。
Ⅴ. 应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近你正在考虑大学专业的选择问题。请给学校外教Tom写信征求意见，内容包括：
1．介绍自身情况；
2．说明未来设想；
3．期待专业推荐。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
I’m writing to ask you for some advice about what I’ll major in at college.
As an outgoing boy, I get along well with people. And I have a great passion for everything I love. Given my talents in art and language, coupled with my willingness to seek new experiences, I’ve been planning to learn something related to the media.
To avoid choosing majors blindly, I’d appreciate it if you could recommend some to me.
Yours，
Li Hua(共132张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
单元核心素养
语篇解读：为了使首都更绿，巴黎市在2016年推出了“巴黎种植”项目，该项目计划在2020年之前用植被覆盖屋顶和墙壁。三分之一的空间将用于城市农业。
单元话题导读
The World’s Largest Rooftop Urban Farm
Urban farming is just one of the new agricultural models that will help feed a hungry and growing world. Using rooftops, indoor spaces, and community gardens, urban farming has become a global movement to produce sustainable (可持续的) food for people in need.
Paris is just one large city that has rooftop farms. In an effort to make the city greener, in 2016 the city launched Parisculteurs，a project which plans to cover the rooftops and walls with vegetation by 2020. One-third of the space is to be used for urban farming.
Now，the world’s largest urban farm—150,000 square feet—is under construction in the south-west of the city on the roof of the Paris Expo Porte de Versailles, a huge entertainment complex (建筑群) that is being renovated (翻新).
The plan is to grow more than 30 different species of organic fruits and vegetables according to The Guardian. The garden is expected to harvest nearly 1,000 KG of produce every day in season. With the use of hydroponics (水培) and soil-free growing，the farm is expected to have a very small carbon footprint.
The farm will have its own on-site restaurant and bar with a capacity of around 300 people. Run by Paris’ famous chain of rooftop venues, Le Perchoir, will feature the produce grown on the farm.
The farm will also offer educational tours, team building workshops, and will host special events. According to The Guardian, residents will be able to lease (租用) their own small wooden crate vegetable plots to grow their own food.
Paris is not the only city to have large scale urban farms. In New York City, Brooklyn Grange is one of the world’s largest urban farms. The farm opened in 2010 and consists of 65,000 square feet of the rooftop of a large warehouse. Although it produces thousands of pounds of produce a year, this is a very small amount compared to what is being built in Paris.
词海拾贝
①launch vt. 发起 ②construction n. 建设
③entertainment n. 娱乐 ④harvest vt. 收获
⑤capacity n. 容量 ⑥compare vt. 比较
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．_________n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．_________vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
→___________n. 献身，奉献；忠诚；信仰，祈祷；热爱
→__________ adj. 献身的；忠诚的
3．___________ n. 不足；缺少；短缺
→________ adj. 不足的；缺少的；短缺的
4．_________ vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
hybrid
devote
devotion
devoted
shortage
short
tackle
5．_________ n. 危机；危急关头
→_________(pl. )
6．________ vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励
7．________ n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服；让步
8．___________ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
→_____________ adj. 令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的
9．_______________ n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的
→____________ vt. 使具有特征 n. 性格；特点；字母；角色
crisis
crises
boost
yield
convince
convincing
characteristic
character
10．_________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
11．_____________ adj. 传统的；习惯的
12．____________ vt. 授粉；传粉
→______________ n. 授粉；传粉
13．_____________ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
→_________ v. 假定；设定
14．__________ adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
15．___________ vt. (overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
attain
conventional
pollinate
pollination
assumption
assume
intense
overcome
16．_________ vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)
→____________ n. 扩展；发展；扩大
17．_________ n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. (output，output)输出
18．___________ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算
19．___________ adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的
20．______________ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费
→__________ vt. 消耗；消费
→___________n. 消费者
21．___________ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
expand
expansion
output
estimate
domestic
consumption
consume
consumer
comprise
22．___________ vt. 产生；引起
23．_________ n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
24．__________ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
25．_______ n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土
26．____________ n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
27．___________ vt. 展望；想象
→_________ n. 想象；视力；视野；影像
28．________ n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
generate
strain
leisure
soil
celebrity
envision
vision
grain
29．__________ n. 现实；实际情况；事实
→_______ adj. 真的；真实的
→_________ adv. 真正地
30．________ adj. 含盐的；咸的
→_______ n. 盐
31．________ adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
32．_______ n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
33．_________ n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
reality
real
really
salty
salt
urban
bomb
tunnel
34．____________ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
→_________ vt. 延伸；扩大；推广 vi. 延伸；扩大；伸展
35．___________ adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品
36．________ n. 小麦；小麦籽
37．__________ n. 味道；特点；特色
extension
extend
chemical
wheat
flavour
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．________________ one’s dreams实现某人的梦想
2．care _______ 照顾；关心；喜欢
3．be known ______作为……而出名
4．devote… ______把……用于；献身；致力；专心
5．be comprised ______包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
6．both… _______… 两者都
7．far ________远非；绝不
fulfill/realize
for
as
to
of
and
from
8．deep ________在内心深处；本质上；实际上
9．_____ heart内心里； 本质上；十分关心(某人的利益或福祉)
10．_____ home and abroad国内外
11．open ______将(瓶、盒等)开封；拆开(包裹、信封等)；开放(被封的道路、边界等)；(使)(地方、经济、兴趣领域等)开放；敞开心扉
12．take ______承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)；呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)
13．turn ________变成
down
at
at
up
on
into
14．up ______多达；胜任
15．make use ______利用
16．_______ one’s demands满足某人的需要
17．adapt ______适应
18．now ________既然
19．make ______ one’s mind下定决心
20．complain _________抱怨
to
of
meet
to
that
up
about
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, __________ he has devoted his life.
事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
2．However, _________________________was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺。
to whom
what concerned him most
3．Today, ___________________ about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains…
据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物品种形成的作物……
4．________ that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
it is estimated that
Given
Ⅳ．语篇解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．What’s the main idea of the passage？ _____
A．Ways to increase the rice output.
B．Yuan Longping’s dreams.
C．Yuan Longping’s super hybrid rice.
D．Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer.
D
2．Match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para. 1 A．Yuan conducted research and developed hybrid rice.
Para. 2 B．Yuan is old but still full of dreams that he is turning
into reality.
Para. 3 C．Yuan considers himself a farmer.
Para. 4 D．Yuan decided to study agriculture.
Para. 5 E. Yuan’s innovation has helped to feed more people.
Para. 6 F. Yuan cares little for celebrity or money.
答案：Para. 1 C Para. 2 D Para. 3 A Para. 4 E
Para. 5 F Para. 6 B
Step 2 Careful-reading
Choose the best answer.
1．From the first paragraph, we know that Yuan Longping _____.
A．is a farmer
B．looks like a farmer
C．has a weak body
D．is China’s most famous scientist
B
2．Why did Yuan Longping choose to study agriculture？ _____
A．Because his parents wanted him to do so.
B．Because he wanted to win awards in this field.
C．Because farmers sometimes suffered from serious shortage of food at that time.
D．Because he wanted to make more money by selling seeds.
C
3．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop his super hybrid rice？ _____
A．12 years. B．14 years.
C．21 years. D．30 years.
C
4．Which of the following can we know from the passage？ _____
A．Yuan Longping is living a life of leisure.
B．Most experts on agriculture agreed on the possibility of developing a kind of hybrid rice.
C．“Seawater rice” is a kind of rice that has a low output.
D．Yuan Longping is not interested in becoming famous or wealthy.
D
课内要点探究
A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely to science.
钱学森把一生都献给了科学事业。
重 点 单 词
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
(1)devote… to… 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
be devoted to专心于；致力于
devote oneself to致力于，献身于
devote one’s life/time/energy/attention to… 把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于……
(3)devotion n. 献身；忠诚；热爱，专心
表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on, fix one’s attention on
单句语法填空
①Society even praises “burning the candle at both ends” as a sign of our ____________(devote) to work and family.
②But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy ______ something much larger than yourself.
devotion
to
句型转换
③Devoted to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
→__________________ teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
完成句子
④We believe firmly what you have ___________________(致力于，献身于) is sure to come true.
⑤I ___________________(致力于) this cause for many years.
Devoting herself to
devoted yourself to
have been devoted to
There is no shortage of (＝There are plenty of) things to do in the town.
城里不愁找不到活儿干。
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最大。
2．shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺
(1)food/water/housing shortages食物/用水/住房短缺
shortage of缺乏
(2)short adj. 不足的；缺乏的
be short of缺乏，不足
单句语法填空
①In the developed countries, there is a great ____________(short) of labour/workforce.
完成句子
②谈到改善孩子教育的问题，大家都想法多多。
There’s no ______________ ideas when it comes to improving the education of children.
shortage
shortage of
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn’t the only one.
这个陌生人对我的这个小小的危机回应得很好，但她实际上并不是唯一的一个。
Oil shortages have brought on an energy crisis.
石油短缺已经造成了能源危机。
3．crisis n. (pl. crises)危机，危急关头
solve a crisis化解危机
be at a crisis point处于危急关头
be in crisis危机中
in times of crisis在危急时刻
完成句子
①I think Paul and Lucinda are ________________(处于危急时刻) in their marriage.
②_________________(在危急时刻) you find out who your real friends are.
③Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the ______________ (经济危机).
at a crisis point
In times of crisis
economic crisis
I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
我一直劝他去看医生。
I convinced him of her honesty.
＝I convinced him that she was honest.
我使他相信她是诚实的。
4．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that… 使某人确信……
(2) convinced adj. 确信的，信服的
be convinced of/that… 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的
I am convinced of her innocence.
＝I am convinced that she is innocent.
我坚信她是清白无辜的。
In order to convince us of his honesty, he gave us several convincing cases which could make us convinced of it.
为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个能让我们相信的有说服力的事例。
convince，persuade
convince 使(某人)信服，明白。指用事实或道理排除他人对某事的怀疑，使其深信某事是正确的。常接从句或用于convince sb. of sth. 。另外，后面接不定式时意思与persuade相同，意为“说服某人做某事”
persuade 劝说，说服。常接“into doing sth. 或to do sth. 和out of doing sth. ”的结构，表示拿出明显的理由去说服某人做某事。接out of doing sth. 意思是说服某人不做某事
They persuaded us into/out of going(＝to go/not to go)to the party.
他们说服我们去/不去参加那次聚会。
单句语法填空
①I’m not _____________ (convince) that your idea will work, but I’ll keep an open mind on it.
②Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
③Nobody could come up with a ______________ (convince) reason why the dinosaur died out.
convinced
of
convincing
④They tried to convince him _____________(support) them.
⑤_____________(convince) that the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) will benefit China’s economy, we are optimistic about the future of our country.
完成句子
⑥Robert’s expression obviously ________________(使她相信) his honesty.
⑦___________________(我确信) we were doing the right thing.
to support
Convinced
convinced her of
I was convinced that
His efforts paid off and he attained his goal at last.
他的努力得到了回报，他最终达到了目标。
We can attain whatever goal we set in our mind.
我们设定了什么目标，就能实现什么目标。
5．attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
(1)attain knowledge获得知识
attain independence获得独立
attain one’s goal实现目标
attain positions of power获得要职
attain this standard达到这个标准
attain one’s ideal weight达到理想的体重
(2)attainable adj. 可获得的；可达到的
单句语法填空
①Few people could ever hope ____________(attain) an acceptable standard of living.
②The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination ____________(attain) it.
to attain
to attain
完成句子
③I’m ashamed to say that I didn’t ______________(实现我的目标).
④India _________________________(获得了独立) in 1947, after a long struggle.
attain my goal
attained independence
It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
We’re working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。
6．assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
(1)make assumptions/an assumption about… 对……做假设
on the assumption that… 假定……，假设……
(2)assume v. 假设；设想
assume sb. /sth. to be… 认为某人/某物是……/认为某人(事)……
It is assumed that… 据推测……
(3)assuming (that)… 假如……
assuming可以用作连词，表示“假设……为真，假如”，引导从句，此用法和supposing，providing，provided，given that相同。
Assuming (that) he’s still alive, how old would he be now
假定他还活着，现在有多大年纪了？
单句语法填空
①Traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups are good for building up your strength, ____________(assume) you do them properly.
②Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ______________(assume) you’ve made.
assuming
assumption
③(2021·湖北荆门调考)Websites and social networks track your location and search history and make assumptions _________ your age, race and sex.
④What will you do ______ the assumption that you can’t beat him in the first round of the match
⑤We must assume him ________(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
about
on
to be
句型转换
Considering what she has done, we assume her to be warm-hearted.
⑥→Considering what she has done, we ___________________ warm-hearted.
⑦ →________________ she is warm-hearted considering what she has done.
assume (that) she is
It is assumed that
We can and must overcome our shortcomings.
我们能够而且必须克服我们的缺点。
What challenges have you overcome
你战胜了什么样的挑战？
7．overcome vt. (overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
overcome difficulties/one’s fear克服困难/某人的恐惧
overcome bad habits改掉恶习
overcome the enemy战胜敌人
be overcome by curiosity受好奇心驱使
overcome，beat，defeat，win
overcome 强调克服困难、障碍等
beat 常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人) beat，defeat后均跟表示人的名词，如比赛、战斗的对手；另外，二者常可互换，但defeat更正式
defeat 侧重指在战场上打败敌人
win 后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等
He beat me at chess.
他下棋赢了我。
He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。
France won by six goals to two against Denmark.
法国队以六比二战胜丹麦队。
单句语法填空
①He struggled ______________(overcome) his shyness.
②It was inspiring that our team easily ____________(overcome) their team in the final game.
③He has enough courage ______________(overcome) the difficulty.
to overcome
overcame
to overcome
完成句子
④莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。
Molly had fought and ____________________________.
⑤不管多大困难，我们都能克服。
We can __________________________，however great.
overcome her fear of flying
overcome any difficulty
A child’s vocabulary expands through reading.
孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
We have plans to expand the business into the USA market.
我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。
8．expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)
(1)expand (… ) into(把……)扩展到
expand on/upon详述；充分叙述
(2)expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩展
图解expand，extend
expand，extend，spread
易混词 区别
expand 指范围、体积的扩大
Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时体积变大。
易混词 区别
extend 指空间范围的扩大，长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长
The show has been extended for another six weeks.
展览会又延长了六周。
spread 指向四面八方展开，也指物种、疾病、消息、思想或文化的传播
The disease spread quickly around the village.
这种疾病在这个村庄里迅速蔓延。
单句语法填空
①She _____________(expand) her career to the field of entertainment in recent years.
②We are hoping ____________(expand) our business, particularly in Europe.
has expanded
to expand
辨析填空：expand/extend/spread
③We have learned from the textbook that all metals __________ when they are heated.
④By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can __________ faster and farther than disasters and sob stories (伤感的故事).
⑤You are given only half an hour to finish your speech on the subject, so you’d better not __________ it too far.
expand
spread
extend
Police estimate the crowd at 30,000．
警方估计聚集的人有3万。
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
这棵树估计至少有700年树龄。
We just need an estimate of the number of people who will come.
我们只需估算一下有多少人会来。
9．estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算
(1)estimate sth. at… 估算某物为……
be estimated to do sth. 被估计为……
It is estimated (that)… 据估计，……
(2)at a rough estimate粗略估计，粗略说来
by estimate按照估计
below estimate低于估计
单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏宿迁期末)Ocean plastic is estimated __________(kill) millions of animals every year.
②(2021·上海市西南位育中学期中) ______ is estimated that the number of tourists who travel abroad has doubled in the past decade.
to kill
It
完成句子
③我估计他的年龄大约30岁。
I _______________________ about 30．
④据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
______________ that the project will last four years.
estimate his age to be
It is estimated
The collection is comprised of 327 paintings.
＝The collection comprises 327 paintings.
那一组收藏有327幅画。
Twelve departments comprise this university.
＝Twelve departments make up this university.
12个系组成了这所大学。
10．comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
be comprised of ＝consist of 由……组成；包括；包含
comprise＝ make up 组成
单句语法填空
①A cricket team is comprised ______ eleven players.
②A healthy diet should consist ______ wholefood.
完成句子
③A football team _____________________________________(由……组成) eleven players while six players can __________(组成) a volleyball team.
of
of
is made up of/is composed of/consists of
make up
After years of hard work, his dream has become a reality.
经过多年的努力，他的梦想已成为现实。
Imagination is sometimes more vivid than reality.
想象有时比现实更生动。
In reality, violent crime is rare in the area.
实际上，暴力犯罪在这个地区很罕见。
11．reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实
(1)in reality实际上，事实上
face/accept reality面对/接受现实
lose touch with reality脱离现实
become a reality成为现实
The reality is that… 实际情况是……
(2)real adj. 真的；真正的；真实的
really adv. 事实上，真正地， 真实地
realistic adj. 现实的， 实事求是的
单句语法填空
①However, this ___________(real) also worried my designers.
②The reality is ________ the youth centre will have to close unless we find some new funding soon.
完成句子
③He looked very confident and calm during the test, but ___________ (事实上) he was extremely nervous.
④His dream of becoming a painter ________________(变成了现实).
reality
that
in reality
became a reality
They hired a nurse to care for her.
他们雇了个护士来照顾她。
He cared for her more than she realized.
她不知道他是多么在乎她。
重 点 短 语
1．care for照顾；关心；喜欢
care about和care for都有“关心”“担心”的意思，但是在表示“介意”“计较”意思时，要用care about。在表示“关怀”“照顾”“想要”的意思时，要用care for。
He doesn’t care about his clothes.
他不讲究衣着。
We must care for the younger generation.
我们必须关怀年轻的一代。
单句语法填空
①I had my children to care _______，and I had to make a decision.
②I don’t care _______ green. I like red.
for
for
Beethoven is known as one of the greatest musicians in the world.
贝多芬被认为是世界上最伟大的音乐家之一。
2．be known as作为……而出名；被称为……
be known/famous as作为……而出名(后接身份)
be known/famous for因……而出名(后接原因)
be known to为……所知(后接对象)
as is known to all/as we all know/as everyone knows… 众所周知
It is well-known that… 众所周知……
The Great Wall is known as an ancient man-made wonder.
长城作为古代人工建筑的奇迹而出名。
Harbin is known for its ice sculptures.
哈尔滨因其冰雕而出名。
The actress is known to us all.
这个女演员为我们所熟知。
单句语法填空
①He is known ______ a successful architect.
②The region is known _______ its fine wines.
③As is known ______ us all, the vase dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
as
for
to
完成句子
④The small town ___________________(因……闻名) its unique scenery.
⑤He _____________(被称为) the gymnastic prince.
⑥That smoking is harmful to health _____________(为……所知) everyone.
is known/famous for
is known as
is known to
He planted varieties of flowers in the garden.
他在花园里种植了各种各样的花。
3．varieties of许多的；各种各样的(＝a variety of)
(1)vary v. 相异；变化
vary from… to… 由……到……不等
vary with随……而变化
vary in在……方面不同
(2)various adj. 各种各样的
各种各样的a variety ofvarieties of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词
单句语法填空
①Many kinds of animals have become endangered for _____ variety of reasons.
②The land __________(vary) in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres.
③Test scores vary ________ school to school.
④The menu varies ________ the season.
a
varies
from
with
完成句子
⑤Students should involve themselves in _________________________ (各种各样的) community activities.
varieties of/a variety of
He is far from a fool.
他绝不是一个智力障碍者。
Far from working hard, he plays around.
他非但不用功，反而到处玩耍。
Our support for the welfare institute is still far from enough.
我们对福利院的支持还远远不够。
4．far from完全不，远非(后接名词、动名词或“being＋形容词”，being可省略)
so far到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)
as far as I know据我所知
as far as… be concerned就……而言
by far(修饰形容词、副词的比较级或最高级，强调数量、程度等)大大地，……得多，最
So far they have not found a way to fight the virus.
迄今为止，我们还没有找到一种对抗该病毒的方法。
As far as I know, they haven’t returned from abroad.
据我所知，他们还没有从国外回来。
单句语法填空
①So far we ____________(do) a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
②For many foreigners, even if they have learned Chinese for several years, they are still far from _________(be) experts at this complex language.
have done
from
being
完成句子
③Much progress has been made _________(到目前为止) and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
④______________(据我所知), he has tried his best to do the job well.
⑤This is _________(最) the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.
so far
As far as I know
by far
这是一个主从复合句。主句是his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
重 点 句 型
1．Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
The moment at which we made a decision was exciting.
我们作出决定的那一刻令人激动。(一先，at the moment)
Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands
刚才和你握手的那个女孩是谁？(二动， shake hands with)
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体叫氧气，没有了它我们就不能生存。(三意义)
单句语法填空
①I finally knew the reason for _________ she didn’t talk to me and comforted her.
②I still keep the photo of the house _______________ I lived when I was in London.
③Creating an atmosphere _______________ students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers.
which
where/in which
where/in which
④He handed me a pen with _________ I wrote down his phone number.
⑤Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on _________ all our ideas of the universe are built.
⑥(2021·3月天津)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ which we can learn without repeating them.
which
which
from
完成句子
⑦My computer, ______________(没有它) I can’t surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.
⑧The old man has two sons，_________________________ (两个都是律师).
without which
both of whom are lawyers
这是一个主从复合句。what concerned him most是what引导的主语从句；was是句子的系动词；后面是that引导的表语从句。
2．However， what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺。
(1)句中what引导主语从句，what可以引导名词性从句，且可以在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等成分。
(2)that引导表语从句时，在句中不作任何成分，无实义，只起连接作用。
What I want to know is how he solved the shortage of funds in his company.
我想知道的是他是如何解决了公司的资金短缺问题的。
What surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.
让我非常吃惊的是一个七岁的孩子能把小提琴拉得这么好。
完成句子
①正在他身上发生的事情也正发生在我身上。
________________________ is also happening to me.
②让这位妈妈生气的是她的儿子拒绝服用任何药物。
What made the mother angry was __________________________ ____________.
③这就是我所感兴趣的。
This is _________________________.
What is happening to him
that her son refused to take
any medicine
what I’m interested in
④我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题无关。
I don’t think _______________ is relevant to the topic we are discussing.
⑤(2021·3月天津)令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。
_____________________________ is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
what he has said
What puzzles Lily’s friends
这是一个主从复合句。主句是one might think；后面是省略了that的宾语从句：he would retire to a life of leisure; that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy也是一个宾语从句。
3．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
given用作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定；已知”等意思。“given＋that从句”意思是“考虑到……”，相当于considering。
Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
假定他能得到另一次机会，他肯定会成功。
Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经做得相当不错了。
Given that there is going to be an exam, he gives up playing basketball.
考虑到有一场考试，他放弃了打篮球。
单句语法填空
① _________ (give) the present circumstances, you’ve done really well.
②Given ________ the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.
完成句子
③ _____________(考虑到他的年龄), he is very strong and healthy.
④_____________(考虑到)the students need more exercise, the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
Given
that
Given his age
Given that
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．I don’t believe what you said，but if you can prove it, you may be able to ____________ (说服) me.
2．Many people know how to __________ (得到) success, but few know how to make the best use of it.
3．There is no ____________ (短缺) of bread for those willing and able to pay higher prices for it.
convince
attain
shortage
4．The consequences of this food __________ (危机) go far beyond economics.
5．The dam is very useful. It can not only ____________ (产生) electricity but also hold back the floods.
6．He has determined to overcome his _____________ (缺点) of not being punctual.
7．The writer ____________ (扩展) his short novel into a long one.
crisis
generate
shortcoming
expanded
8．____________ (估计) of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.
9．I know you have deep feelings for him. But we should face ___________ (现实).
10．We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical, and ______________ (常规的) arms.
Estimates
reality
conventional
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．It must be acknowledged that this object has not been ____________ (attain).
2．We could not convince him ______ his mistake.
3．He is considering _____________ (expand) his business.
4．That is fair enough, given ________ I do not look so senile.
5．These difficulties are about to ______________ (overcome).
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ) ________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
attained
of
expanding
that
be overcome
What
7．Few people are able to __________ themselves fully to their careers. Once they are ___________ to them, their ____________ must bring them a big success. (devote)
8．___________ (assume) that you are right, what should we do next
9. It is simply a matter ______ realizing where you already are.
10．The ___________ (real) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.
devote
devoted
devotion
Assuming
of
reality
Ⅲ．选词填空
1．Mariusz Kedzierski, a 27-year-old Polish artist, was born without arms, but he still managed to ________________ of drawing realistic paintings.
2．Many online services ______________ charging consumers high prices. On the contrary, they are free of charge.
be comprised of，deep down，be far from，fulfil one’s dream，open up
fulfil his dream
are far from
3．Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe when he first introduced it, but it really ____________ a new area of study.
4．___________，we want to believe that hard work and virtue will lead to success while laziness and evil will lead to ruin, so we go ahead and change the world to match those expectations.
5．The sales network _______________ retail outlets (零售专卖店) and chain stores.
opened up
Deep down
is comprised of
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．人们相信，阅读增长我们的知识并开拓我们的思路。
_________________ reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
2．他毕业后继续献身于研究。
After he graduated, he continued to _____________________________.
3．这包括在国内和国外防止发生另一场经济危机的步骤。
This includes steps _________________ to prevent another crisis.
It is believed that
devote himself to the research
at home and abroad
4．若存在计算机网络管理员的短缺，将会发生什么？
What would happen if there were _____________ computer network administrators
5．在心底里，你相信努力工作和美德能把人领向成功。
___________，you believe that hard work and virtue will lead to success.
6．我希望你能努力克服各种困难，不管它们有多难。
I hope you will make efforts to _______________________________，no matter how hard they are.
a shortage of
Deep down
overcome all kinds of difficulties
7．人们普遍认为努力工作会走向成功。
____________________________ hard work leads to great success.
8．虚拟团队可由相距很远的人组成。
Virtual Teams can _______________ persons separated by great distances.
It is generally assumed that
be comprised of
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as the “father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping considers 1．_________(he) a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. He looks like 2．__________(million) of Chinese farmers，for 3．______ he has struggled for years.
himself
millions
whom
Born in 1930 in Beijing, Yuan graduated from college in 1953. After 4.________________________(graduate), he worked as a researcher. He realized that larger fields were not the solution 5.____ food shortage. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. Through intense effort，Yuan got over enormous technical 6.______________(difficulty) and developed the first hybrid rice in 1974，which enabled farmers 7.__________ (expand) their output greatly. Yuan’s rice has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well. Yuan Longping cares little for wealth or fame. Instead, he 8._______(make) large donations to support agricultural research.
graduating/graduation
to
difficulties
to expand
makes
9.______ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability 10.___________(realize) his dreams. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
What
to realize
解析：
1．考查反身代词。所填词指代句子的主语Yuan Longping，主语和宾语为同一个人，故用he的反身代词himself。
2．考查数词。millions of“数百万的”。
3．考查定语从句。先行词是指人的名词，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语。故填whom。
4．考查非谓语动词或名词。此处的after是介词。故空格处填动名词或名词。
5．考查介词。表示“……的解决办法”，solution后接介词to。
6．考查名词的数。difficulty是可数名词，前面没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。
7．考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth. “使某人能做某事”。
8．考查主谓一致。主语是he，结合语境可知，时态用一般现在时。故填makes。
9．考查名词性从句。所填词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。故填what。
10．考查非谓语动词。在名词ability后，作定语，要用动词不定式。
夯基提能作业UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．That the lifestyle is slower and healthier __is__ the reason why some people prefer to live in the country rather than in the city.
2．__That__ people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.
3．It was reported __that__ Los Angeles Lakers basketball legend Kobe Bryant was killed in a helicopter crash in Southern California.
4．__Whether__ we can live a healthy life is the first thing we are considering.
5．__How__ we can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while keeping the environment safe is an important topic for us to research.
6．__That__ we shall be successful is certain.
7．When these wheat farmers will join this pilot experiment __remains__(remain) an unanswered question.
8．__What__ worries most of us is that the chemicals may even cause cancer.
9．__Who__ will win the match is still unknown.
10．__That__ they should like each other is natural.
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．我们应该相互帮助是自然的事情。
It is natural __that we should help each other__.
2．我们最关心的是食品安全。
__What concerns us most__ is food security.
3．地球上的生命能否持续数百万年将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
__Whether life will continue__ on the earth for millions of years will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
4．很明显，它们从外表看起来很漂亮。
__That they look beautiful__ on the outside is obvious.
5．目前还不清楚这个固体形状是否会持续下去。
It was not clear __whether the solid shape would last or not__.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs, twice as much as non－organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money.
There is one main difference between organic and non－organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.
Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic ingredients (原料), such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products.
Is organic food more nutritious This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non－organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too.
Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。有机食品很受欢迎，但价格也相对昂贵。一些人愿意为此支付高额的费用，也有一些人认为这是在浪费钱财。
1．What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers？ __B__
A．Price. B．Safety.
C．Freshness. D．Variety.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一句“However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry. ”可知，有机食品消费者认为安全比遗憾要好。故可推知购买有机食品的消费者主要关心的是安全问题。故选B。
2．What is the doctors’ suggestion？ __C__
A．Grow your own food. B．Reduce the use of pesticides.
C．Make sure the food is clean. D．Buy large companies’ products.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too. ”可知，医生建议要保证食品是干净的。故选C。
3．Which of the following do most people agree on organic food？ __A__
A．It tastes better. B．It is easier to grow.
C．It contains more fat. D．It is more nutritious.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. ”可知，大多数人认为有机食品尝起来味道更好。故选A。
4．Where does this text probably come from？ __D__
A．A recipe book. B．A chemistry paper.
C．A medical report. D．A health magazine.
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要在探究有机食品是否更安全、更有营养，故可推知本文最可能选自健康杂志。故选D。
Ⅱ．完形填空
(2021·河北唐山一中高一期中)
I took a job in marketing. As the months passed，I felt it wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out.
A job advertisement for a (n) __1．A__ for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was __2．C__. My role was to help teams of young people edit their
__3．D__ and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a (n) __4．D__ of games and dull reviews, so I was surprised when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare. __5．D__，I found something I was interested in.
I felt a __6．C__ in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and __7．A__
the words of their strong and opinionated(坚持己见的) voices. __8．C__ in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s __9．C__ ability. As our website hits increased and the work shifted to reflect what our __10．D__ wanted, I developed a greater __11．D__ of what young people might want to read.
The biggest change the job brought, __12．A__，was to my well－being. It is rare that you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to __13．A__ each day. I was thriving(充实) in this __14．B__ environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to __15．D__ their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy，energetic and inspired.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者开始找的市场营销工作不适合自己，后来找了一份编辑工作。在这份工作中，作者得到了快乐，获得了成长。
1．A．editor B．lawyer
C．reporter D．typist
解析：由下文的“My role was to help teams of young people edit… ”可知，该句表达的是一家新青年杂志社招聘编辑(editor)的招聘广告来得正是时候。故选A。
2．A．exhausted B．stressed
C．successful D．ambitious
解析：由下文“My role was to help teams of young people edit their __3__ and help them with their work. ”可知，作者应聘工作成功(successful)了。故选C。
3．A．courses B．references
C．software D．content
解析：“我”的职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的内容(content)，并帮助他们完成工作。故选D。
4．A．replacement B．symbol
C．innovation D．mixture
解析：由下文的“games and dull reviews”可知，作者本以为这本杂志是游戏和枯燥评论的混合体(mixture)。故选D。
5．A．Naturally B．Generally
C．Frequently D．Finally
解析：由上文可知，作者一开始找的市场营销工作不适合自己，然后应聘成功成为一名编辑，经过一段时间的工作，最终(finally)作者找到了自己感兴趣的东西。故选D。
6．A．contrast B．shock
C．change D．shame
解析：由下一段第一句的“The biggest change the job brought… ”可知，作者感受到了自身的变化(change)。故选C。
7．A．reading B．translating
C．spelling D．copying
解析：作者是一位编辑，所以要阅读(read)强烈而固执己见的话语(稿件)。故选A。
8．A．Trapped B．Hidden
C．Invested D．Imagined
解析：由下文“I could see myself making a difference to the team’s __9__ ability”可知，作者投入了(invest)年轻人的世界，可以看到其对团队写作能力产生了影响。故选C。
9．A．gaming B．marketing
C．writing D．communicating
解析：由上文语境可知，作者是一名编辑，作者认真地阅读他们强烈而固执己见的话语(稿件)，所以对他们的写作能力有影响。故选C。
10．A．monitors B．sponsors
C．colleagues D．audience
解析：由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，他的工作对象应该是读者(audience观众；受众)。故选D。
11．A．distinction B．recording
C．expectation D．understanding
解析：由上文语境可知，随着网站点击率的增加和工作(内容)向读者需求转变，作者对年轻人可能想要阅读的东西有了更深入的了解(understanding)。故选D。
12．A．though B．instead
C．otherwise D．therefore
解析：虽然提升了团队的写作能力，并且对年轻读者的阅读需求有了深入的了解，但是(though)作者感到工作带来的最大的变化是自己的幸福感。故选A。
13．A．go into B．refer to
C．set aside D．leave behind
解析：由上文的“a job you love”可知，此处指喜欢且每天都乐于从事(go into)的工作。故选A。
14．A．troublesome B．creative
C．tough D．conservative
解析：作者帮助年轻人工作，使其写作能力得到了提升，再结合下文的“inspired by the talented young people”可知，这是一个具有创造力的(creative)工作环境。故选B。
15．A．transfer B．rescue
C．discipline D．further
解析：由上文的“My role was to help teams of young people edit their __3__ and help them with their work. ”可知，作者帮助年轻人进一步(further)发展事业。故选D。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·河北武邑中学高二期末)
Historians have said that we have always had a sweet tooth. Our sweet tooth has grown over the years and people are now more attached __1．to__ sweets than ever before.
Tim Richardson, __2．a__ famous historian, has created a timeline to show our love of sweets. He said，“A sweet thing __3．enjoyed__(enjoy) during the day can be a source of simple comfort and pleasure cheering us up. People have known this for __4．centuries__(century). Throughout history, many sweets have kept their charm and __5．popularity__(popular) because they have kept up with the __6．latest__(late)taste trends. ” Cave paintings have been found of our ancestors attacking beehives (蜂窝) __7．to find__(find) honey.
A fun fact is that honeycomb(蜂巢) was the __8．first__(one) sweet that ancient people ate. As the years went on, Lollipops and chewing gums appeared. Chewing gum has a history that __9．dates__(date) back to the times of Greece. It was not until 1928 __10．that__ Walt Diemer made the very first bubble gum (泡泡糖) .
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。历史学家说人类一直都爱吃甜食，多年来，我们的甜食越来越多，人们现在比以往任何时候都更爱吃甜食。
解析：
1．考查介词。be attached to“依恋，喜爱”。句意：……人
们现在对这些甜食比以前更喜爱。故填to。
2．考查冠词。historian为可数名词，此处是同位语，意为“蒂姆·理查森，一名著名历史学家”，表示“一位，一个”，因此用不定冠词，famous的读音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
3．考查非谓语动词。此处为分词作定语，A sweet thing与enjoy之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词enjoyed。句意：一天中所享用的甜食可以成为我们舒适和快乐的源泉。故填enjoyed。
4．考查名词的数。for centuries“数世纪”。句意：几个世纪以来人们已经知道了这件事。故填centuries。
5．考查名词。and连接的两个部分是对称平行的，and前是名词charm。故填popular的名词形式popularity。句意：贯穿整个历史，许多糖果保持了它们的魅力和知名度，因为它们符合最新的流行趋势。故填popularity。
6．考查形容词的最高级。latest“最新的”，修饰名词词组taste trends。故填latest。
7．考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式作目的状语。句意：人们发现了一些洞穴壁画，描绘了我们的祖先为了寻找蜂蜜而袭击蜂巢的情景。故填to find。
8．考查序数词。the first sweet“第一种甜食”。故填first。
9．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示现在的情况，故用一般现在时，并且history为第三人称单数。句意：咀嚼口香糖的历史可以追溯到希腊时期。故填dates。
10．考查强调句。分析句子结构可判断此句为强调句。强调句型It is/was… that/who… ，句中强调的是时间状语。句意：直到1928年，Walt Diemer才制造出第一个泡泡糖。故填that。(共85张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．______________adj. 营养(物)的
→_____________adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
→____________ n. 营养；滋养
2．__________ n. 贫穷；贫困
3．__________ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
4．____________ n. 杀虫剂；除害药物
5．_____________ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
nutritional
nutritious
nutrition
poverty
organic
pesticide
widespread
6．_________ vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟
→____________ n. 消化；领悟
7．____________ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
8．__________ n. 矿物；矿物质
9．______________ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
10．__________ n. 食品杂货店
→____________[pl. ]食品杂货
digest
digestion
essential
mineral
alternative
grocery
groceries
11． __________ n. 例子；实例；事例
12．________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
→_______ adj. 深的
13．_______ n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
14．___________ adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地
→_________ adj. 全部的；整个的；完全的
15．_________ n. 方面；层面
instance
depth
deep
root
entirely
entire
aspect
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．_____ use在使用
2．_____ turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
3．_____ for关于；至于
4．switch ______转到；转换到
5．turn ______求助于；求教于；改用
in
in
as
to
to
6．focus ______集中(注意力、精力等)于
7．keeps… free ___________使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
8．______ instance例如；比如
9．_______ that need满足那样的需求
on
from/of
for
meet
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing ___________ harmful bacteria and insects, ___________ helpful ones.
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的昆虫，从而破坏土地。
2．This __________________________________ in minerals.
这使得他们地里的土壤富含矿物质。
not only
but also
makes the soil in their fields richer
3．Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, __________it again for the next batch of crops.
为什么要种植不同的作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质放回地里，让它为下一批作物做好准备。
4．_______ keeps them ________ doing so is the fact ________ chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
making
What
from
that
Ⅳ．语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).
1．Organic farmers prefer using natural waste from animals and chemical fertilisers. ( )
2．Using natural waste makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile. ( )
F
T
3．Using organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. ( )
4．Using chemical fertilisers has become very common in farming since the middle of last century. ( )
5．Chemical fertilisers only kill harmful bacteria and pests. ( )
T
T
F
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who _____.
A．grow crops with chemical fertilisers
B．grow crops with natural fertilisers
C．produce organic fertilisers
D．care for the environment
B
2．From the passage, we know that _____.
A．the chemicals in the soil will soon disappear
B．pesticides are of great benefit to helpful bacteria
C．crops grown with chemical fertilisers can provide more essential minerals
D．crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow too fast
D
3．Farmers _____ so that the soil may not get exhausted.
A．grow the same crops year after year
B．use natural fertilisers
C．change crops every few years
D．use chemical fertilisers
C
4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage？ _____
A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming.
B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich.
C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides.
D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops.
A
课内要点探究
The words are essential for everybody to learn English.
这些词对于每一个英语学习者来说，都是必备的。
It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA．
到美国旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。
重 点 单 词
1．essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
be essential to/for对……很重要
It is essential that… (should) do… 做……是完全必要的。
It is essential for sb. to do… 对某人来说做……是完全必要的。
单句语法填空
①Sun and water are essential ______ the growth of crops.
②It is essential for us _________(set) our goal realistically.
③It is essential that you _______________(learn) Chinese history.
to
to set
(should) learn
完成句子
④你有必要早点回家。
__________________ you should come home early.
⑤丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。
A rich and varied cultural life ________________ this couple.
It is essential that
is essential for
I had no money, so I had no alternative but to stay at home.
我因为没钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。
You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.
你拥有选择说话或保持沉默的权利。
All the alternative routes are given to car drivers by computers.
所有可供选择的路线都由计算机显示给汽车司机。
2．alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
have no alternative but to do sth. ＝have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事
have the alternative of拥有……的选择权
alternative，choice，selection
alternative 一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。
choice 泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。
selection 指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。
The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.
家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。
单句语法填空
①The police had no alternative but _________(set) the man free without enough evidence.
完成句子
②The criminal ________________________(除……别无选择) to tell the truth of his crime.
句型转换
③I had no choice but to report him to the police.
→I __________________________ report him to the police.
to set
had no alternative but
had no alternative but to
The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.
油井向下延伸了数百英尺。
I haven’t looked at the report in depth yet.
我还没有细看这份报告。
The submarine lies at a depth of 6,000 feet in the Barents Sea.
这艘潜艇位于巴伦支海下6 000英尺深处。
3．depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
(1)in depth全面，深入，详细
at a depth of… 在……的深处
(2)deep adj. 深的 adv. 在深处，至深处，深深地
be deep in thought陷入深思
deep into the night直到深夜
deeply adv. 很，非常；强烈地，深刻地
deepen vi. & vt. 加深，(使)变深 vt. 增长(知识)，加深(理解)
(2)与“deep—depth—deepen”变形相似的词还有：
adj. high wide long strong broad
n. height width length strength breadth
v. heighten widen lengthen strengthen broaden
单句语法填空
①If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing _________(deep) and variety.
②To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ______________(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
depth
strengthen
③(2021·北京四中期末)Ranging from 84 cm to more than 150 cm in __________(long), longboards look like other skateboards.
④The reunion dinner helps __________(deep) family ties while the exchange of gifts and greetings enhances relations between friends.
length
deepen
完成句子
⑤这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。
This subject will be covered ___________ next term.
⑥2012年6月27日，“蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7 062米的深度。
On June 27,2012, the Jiaolong reached ____________ 7,062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.
in depth
a depth of
This in turn attracts more users and advertisers, and so on.
这反过来又吸引了更多的用户和广告商等。
We will examine each of these methods in turn.
我们将依次逐个分析这些方法。
重 点 短 语
1．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
(1)take turns to do/in doing sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了
by turns轮流地，交替地
(2)in return作为回报
in return for作为对……的回报
单句语法填空
①The children called out their names ______ turn.
②It’s my turn ___________(clean) the classroom.
③Theory is based on practice and ______ turn serves practice.
④This book is, ______ turns, funny and sad.
in
to clean
in
by
完成句子
⑤阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动，转而降低压力水平。
Reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction, which __________ can lower stress levels.
⑥我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。
We offer an excellent education to our students. ____________，we expect students to work hard.
⑦他请我们吃了一顿大餐，以报答我们的帮助。
He treated us to a big meal _____________ our assistance.
in turn
In return
in return for
The discussion focuses on the death rate in traffic accidents.
此次讨论集中在交通事故的死亡率上。
When someone delivers a speech, you must focus on understanding his main ideas.
当有人讲话时，你必须集中注意力理解他的主要思想。
2．focus on关注，聚焦于
focus one’s attention/mind on集中某人的注意力/心思于……
fix one’s attention on把某人的注意力集中于
concentrate on集中(注意力、精力)于
pay attention to注意
put one’s heart into全神贯注于
单句语法填空
①When the kitchen is finished, I’m going to focus my attention ______ the back yard and get that straightened out.
②With all his attention focused ______ his study, no wonder he has made great achievement.
③He lay in bed with his eyes ___________(focus) on the ceiling.
④The noise made it hard for me ___________(focus) on the work.
⑤There is too much noise. I can’t concentrate my attention ______ the work.
on
on
focused
to focus
on
There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
在许多地方有了改进，例如，鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。
She has mastered several foreign languages, for instance, French.
她精通几种语言，例如法语。
3．for instance(＝for example)例如；比如
such as，that is，for example
(1)such as意为“例如，诸如……之类的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的人或事物之前。
A lot of things can be recycled, such as waste paper, waste plastic bags, and old batteries.
很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。
(2)that is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。
I have three friends, namely, Tom, Jack and Mike.
我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。
(3)for example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。
Most boys in the class like physics. Tom, for example, shows a special interest in it.
班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。
单句语法填空
①We made many improvements to our house, _______ instance, we painted the walls.
完成句子
②Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily routine. _____________(例如), allow him to choose what clothes he wears at the weekend.
for
For instance
He should let nowhere near the job.
不能让他有机会接近这个职位。
Our budget is nowhere near enough.
我们的预算远远不够。
4．nowhere near远不及；离……很远
nowhere adv. 无处；任何地方都不 n. 无处；任何地方；无名之地
There was nowhere for me to sit.
我无处可坐。
Houses had sprung up out of nowhere on the hills.
山丘上突然冒出一幢幢的房子。
完成句子
①It was _____________(远不如) as painful as David had expected.
②I’ve ___________________(肯定不够) for the fare.
③This animal is found in Australia, and _____________(另外没有).
nowhere near
nowhere near enough
nowhere else
这是一个简单句。本句中not only… but also… 连接两个并列成分。
重 点 句 型
1．For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的昆虫，从而破坏土地。
(1)not only… but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only… but also… 连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)not only… but also… 连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but (also) its weather.
直到我来到这里才意识到这个地方很有名，不仅是因为它的美丽还有它的天气。
Not only did we forget to turn off the lights in the kitchen, but we (also) failed to lock the front door.
我们不仅忘记关厨房的灯，而且也忘了锁前门。
Not only the children but (also) their coach likes playing football.
不仅是孩子们，他们的教练也喜欢踢足球。
单句语法填空
①She not only _________(write) the text but also selected the illustrations.
②Not only my friend but also I __________(be) present at the conference.
wrote
am/was
句型转换
③They not only told us what had happened in the accident, but also told us what they had done.
→Not only _____________ us what had happened in the accident, but also told us what they had done.
did they tell
这是一个主从复合句。Why different crops are grown是why引导的主语从句；is是系动词；because they put important minerals back into the ground在句中作表语，是表语从句。
2．Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.
为什么要种植不同的作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质放回地里，让它为下一批作物做好准备。
本句中making it… 为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果，相当于which makes it ready… ，making的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子；现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语或which引导的非限制性定语从句，这种结果是句中谓语动词表示的动作带来的。
Many people moved to New York, making it the largest city in the USA．
很多人去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。
His parents died early, leaving him an orphan(＝and left him an orphan).
他的父母早亡，使他成了孤儿。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door(＝and hit his head against the door).
那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的，出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only，译为“(结果)却……；只(只是)……”。
I hurried to his house, only to find him out.
我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。
完成句子
①He hurried to the booking office ______________________________ ______________________(结果被告知所有的票都卖完了).
②He fell off the bike, _________________________________(头撞到了一块大石头上).
③More highways have been built in China, _______________________ (使更容易) for people to travel from one place to another.
only to be told that all the tickets
have been sold out
hitting his head against a big stone
making it much easier
这是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是主语从句；is是系动词；the fact是表语；that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是同位语从句。
3．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
同位语从句
(1)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。
在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，也无具体意义，只起连接作用，但是一般不省略，亦不可用which替换。
Many parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.
很多父母都持有这样的观点：青少年不应该花太多时间上网。
The fact that the human being’s behaviour causes environmental pollution is known to us all.
人类的行为导致了环境污染是众所周知的事实。
(2)如果同位语从句意义不完整，引导词的选择取决于其所表达的含义：
①表示“是否”的含义时，同位语从句要用whether引导(if一般不引导同位语从句)；whether在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
②表示“谁”“哪个”“什么”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用who，which，what引导。
③表示“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“如何”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用when，where，why，how引导。
I have no idea whether he will come.
我不知道他是否会来。
The committee hasn’t solved the problem who should be in charge of the key project.
委员会还没有解决谁应该负责那项重点项目的问题。
I have no idea what she is doing in the next room now.
我不知道她现在正在隔壁房间里做什么。
There arose the question where we could get the loan.
这样就产生了一个问题：我们到哪里贷款。
My original question why she did that has not been answered.
她为什么做那件事，我的这个最初的问题还没有得到回答。
that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类别 性质 功能 引导词that的作用
同位语 从句 名词性 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词内容的体现 只起连接作用，不作成分，但一般不能省略
定语 从句 形容 词性 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定 起连接从句的作用，在从句中充当主语或宾语
The news that our team won the debate is true.
我们队赢得那场辩论的消息是真的。
(that引导的是同位语从句，从句解释说明The news的内容，that在从句中不作成分，但一般不可省略)
The news that he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
(that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可用which替换)
判断下列句子中的画线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句
①The suggestion that the meeting be delayed was put forward. ______________
②The suggestion that he put forward at the meeting yesterday was turned down. ____________
同位语从句
定语从句
单句语法填空
③The possibility ________ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
④There is potentially good news for coffee-lovers ________ drinking two to three cups of coffee a day may help people live longer.
⑤The question ___________ English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.
that
that
whether
⑥—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
⑦I had no idea _______ he went home, perhaps by bike.
⑧We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library _________________ (provide) more books on science.
why
how
that
(should) provide
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．One of the advantages of ___________(有机的) food is its positive impact on our environment as a whole.
2．The consequence of rising sea level would be ______________(广泛的) flooding.
3．Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and ____________(消化).
4．The way was blocked, so we went by an _____________(可供替代的) road.
organic
widespread
digested
alternative
5．Technological change is everywhere and affects every __________ (方面) of life.
6．There are alternative sources of _____________(营养) to animal meat.
7．Many elderly people live in ___________(贫穷).
8．Money is not _____________(完全必要的) to happiness.
9．He stooped to pick up the carrier bag of _____________(食品杂货).
10．The _____________(可替代的) energy won’t be used up.
aspect
nutrition
poverty
essential
groceries
alternative
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．(2020·山西太原五中段考)Teachers are guiding their students through research on the ways food is linked to environment, ___________ (poor), and people’s health.
2．In the _________(deep) of my memory, many things I did with my father still live.
3．She devoted herself ____________(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
poverty
depth
entirely
4．I wish I could do something in return _______ the kindness I have received from him.
5．(2021·吉林长春东北师大附中检测) Your camp provides a good chance for me, where I can know more about other countries, and ______ turn tell them something about China.
6．There is only one earth on which we can live, so we cannot afford ___________(waste) any land resources.
for
in
to waste
7．It is essential __________(keep) the two groups separate.
8．The computer has been ______ use for many years, far beyond its guaranteed life span.
9．I’m thinking about making a switch ______ a smaller company.
10．No one can prevent this plan ______________(carry) out.
to keep
in
to
being carried
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．许多伟人出身贫寒，例如林肯和爱迪生。(instance)
Many great men come from poverty, _____________，Lincoln and Edison.
2．到目前为止，我们在建设低碳经济方面已经做了很多，但还远远不够。(nowhere)
So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but __________________________.
for instance
it is nowhere near enough
3．当时的世界纪录是6．59米。(stand)
The world record then _________________________.
4．我们再也不能等下去了，否则会赶不上飞机的。(afford)
We can’t ______________ any longer, or we’ll miss the plane.
5．(2020·广东汕头金山中学期末)毫无疑问，文物是值得保护的。(doubt，同位语从句)
___________________ cultural relics are worth protecting.
stood at 6．59 metres
afford to wait
There is no doubt that
Ⅳ．课文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers help to fight crop disease and increase production, the long-term use of them can be 1._________ (harm) to both the land and people’s health.
harmful
As 2.____ alternative, some farmers have turned to organic farming, a kind of farming 3._________ using any chemicals. These farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease by using natural waste from animals as fertiliser, 4._______ not only makes the soil in their fields 5.________(rich) in minerals but also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of chemicals.
In addition, organic farmers use many other methods to produce rich soil. They change the kind of crop 6._______(grow) in each field every year and they also plant diverse crops that use different 7.________(deep) of soil to help keep it rich.
an
without
which
richer
grown
depths
Some people prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 8.__________(entire), but organic farming is nowhere near able to meet the need. There is still a long way to find a suitable solution that 9.______(put) sufficient food on the dinner table while 10._________(keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible.
entirely
puts
keeping
解析：
1．考查形容词。此处指长期使用化学杀虫剂和化肥对土地和人们的健康有害。be harmful to… 表示“对……有害”。故填harmful。
2．考查冠词。句中alternative为可数名词，表示“可供选择的事物”，且此处表示泛指，故应填不定冠词；又因为alternative的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
3．考查介词。此处指有机农业是一种不使用任何化学物质的农业。故填without。
4．考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语并指代主句的整个内容。故填which。
5．考查形容词的比较级。使用动物废料代替使用化肥将会使土地更富含矿物质。此处暗含比较意味，故应用比较级形式。
6．考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作后置定语，修饰the kind of crop，且两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式。
7．考查名词。句中use为动词，后接名词作宾语；形容词deep的名词形式为depth；根据空前的different可知，此处指利用不同深度的土壤耕种不同的农作物，故此处应用复数形式。
8．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰动词stop，故应用副词；形容词entire的副词形式为entirely。
9．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。又因为that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a suitable solution，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。
10．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“while __10__ (keep) people… possible”为省略结构，keep的逻辑主语为a suitable solution且两者之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。故填keeping。
夯基提能作业UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．They had no alternative but __to put__(put) the meeting off.
2．It is essential __that__ you have some experience.
3．Some ready－made meals are __nutritious__(nutrition) and very easy to prepare.
4．__Bacteria__ (bacterium)reproduce by dividing and making copies of themselves.
5．__Alleviating__(alleviate) and eliminating poverty remains a long－term historical task for China.
6．No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with __digestion__(digest).
7．Water was found __at__ a depth of 30 metres.
8．We should take effective measures to stop the wild animals __from__ being killed.
9．(2021·1月浙江)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool __that/which__ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
10．About 300 tons of Peruvian mangoes(芒果)were kept from __entering__(enter)France.
Ⅱ．选词填空
set up，separate… from，in turn，carry out，over time，focus on
1．People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, and this __in turn__ creates further problems.
2．Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions __over time__
3．Most of us are more __focused on__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
4．All these experiments __are carried out__ with practical rather than scientific aims in view.
5．The organization __was set up__ to preserve endangered species from extinction.
6．In no way can teaching in school __be separated from__ practice.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
LONDON (Reuters)—Organic fruit is delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26－year－old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket buying organic food.
“Organic product is always better，” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides(农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not, it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is tasty. ” Gold is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic product Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small quantities of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet the growing demand. “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast－growing market，” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.
文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。有机农产品到底是更环保更健康呢，还是仅仅是因价格高而受到人们的青睐呢？本文就此做了一些报道。
1．More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because __C__.
A．they are getting richer
B．they can get the food anywhere
C．they consider the food free of pollution
D．they like home－grown fruit
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Organic product is always better… The food is free of pesticides(农药)… ”可知，人们认为有机农产品不用农药，没有污染。故选C。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about most organic products sold in Britain？ __B__
A．It grows indoors all year round. B．It is produced outside Britain.
C．It is grown on family farms. D．It is produced on large farms.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet the growing demand. ”可知，英国有四分之三的有机农产品是从国外进口的。故选B。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined words “the organic trend” in the second paragraph？ __A__
A．Growing interest in organic food. B．Better quality of organic food.
C．Rising markets for organic food. D．Higher prices of organic food.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Gold is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend… ”可知，越来越多的人对有机农产品感兴趣，并选择购买有机农产品，这成了一种潮流。故选A。
4．What is the best title for this news story？ __A__
A．Organic food—healthy, or just for the wealthy
B．The making of organic food in Britain
C．Organic food—to import or not
D．Good quality of organic food
解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文报道了有机农产品是否真的因为无污染、更健康而受到人们的青睐，还是因为其价格更高而受到人们的追捧。因此A项为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
Ⅱ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Sarasota students took __1．a__ bite of a freshly picked watermelon or mango, they knew the fruit came from a five－acre farm right in Sarasota instead of thousands of miles away， __2．fresher__(fresh) and more nutritional.
The Sarasota Farm to School program is __3．actually__(actual) part of an initiative (倡议) headed by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, __4．planning__(plan) to increase Florida－based produce served in schools and offer healthier choices to students. In addition to nutritional value it offers, the program is __5．educational__(education) as well, allowing students to get involved in the agricultural side of working in the gardens.
Students from the program come out each Monday __6．to harvest__(harvest) crops that will eventually go to 67 Sarasota County cafeterias. The farm is crowded __7．with__ various kinds of fruits, squash, sunflowers and corn. For now, the farm is in its first growing season. Crops that __8．were grown__(grow) in May are just starting to be harvested. Outside of the farm, students are engaging in (参与) some taste tests with __9．what__ they get from the gardens. It’s through these tasting sessions that either a student or a farmer can get some __10．information__(inform) about what crops should populate the farm.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国萨拉索塔县的“农场到校园”项目。
解析：
1．考查冠词。此处bite是可数名词，表示“(咬下的)一口”。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指。故填不定冠词a。
2．考查形容词的比较级。根据句意和空后的“and more nutritional”可知，空处填所给词的比较级形式。故填fresher。
3．考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，故用副词actually作状语，表示“事实上”。故填actually。
4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作伴随状语，故用非谓语动词。plan“计划”与句子主语program是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。注意：不要受前面作定语的过去分词短语的影响而误以为此处也要填过去分词。故填planning。
5．考查形容词。上文提到这个项目提供nutritional value，此处描述的是它的教育价值，所以空处应该填跟nutritional一样词性的形容词。故填educational“教育的，具有教育意义的”。
6．考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，应用不定式。此处harvest是动词，表示“收割(庄稼)”。故填to harvest。
7．考查介词。be crowded with“充满”为固定短语。故填with。
8．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句修饰主句主语Crops。根据从句中的时间状语“in May”和主句中的“are just starting to be harvested”可知，从句表示过去种植的庄稼，应用一般过去时；定语从句主语that与grow是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且that指代前面的Crops，所以从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填were grown。
9．考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导从句作介词的宾语；再结合句意可知，应填what表示“……的事物”。故填what。
10．考查名词。根据空前的“get some”和空后的“about”可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式information。故填information。
Ⅲ．读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
(2021·河北邢台高二期中)
One windy day in March, Kitty Miller was on her way to school, when she spotted a great pile of lovely red apples in a store window. “Oh，how lovely！” she said. “If only Mamma could have one！”
Kitty’s mother was very poor. She had been a dressmaker ever since Mr. Miller died, and had worked so hard to earn a living for herself and Kitty that she had become sick. She had to lie in bed all day, and when Kitty was away at school, the house was very lonesome to her.
When Kitty reached the school that day, her thoughts were full of her sick mother and the lovely apples. She was usually a good student, but that day she made so many mistakes that the teacher looked at her in surprise. The little girl could only sit at her desk, with her book before her, and dream of those red apples. When school was dismissed, Kitty started slowly homeward. She had gone only a short distance when she saw a gentleman in front of her drop his wallet. Running quickly forward, she picked it up. It felt quite heavy in Kitty’s little hand.
There must be a good deal of money in it, thought Kitty. “How I wish I could keep it. Then I could buy Mamma a red apple and so many other things she needs. ” But she knew this would not be right, so she hurried after the gentleman. Touching him on the arm, she said，“Please, Sir. You dropped your wallet. ” “Thank you, dear，” said the gentleman, taking the wallet. Then noticing how poorly dressed she was, he said, “Why didn’t you keep the wallet, my child？”
“Because that would be stealing，”replied Kitty. “But，”she continued honestly, “before I thought I must give it back to you, I did wish I could keep it，for then I could buy Mamma a red apple. ”
Paragraph 1：
The gentleman was surprised. ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When Kitty reached home with her treasures, she found her mother asleep. ______________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
The gentleman was surprised. Then he smiled kindly and said, “You are a good girl. I’d like to give you a little present and then you can buy a red apple. ” He handed her a silver dollar and said goodbye to her. When Kitty stood in front of the store, the storekeeper happened to look out and saw the little girl who had stood looking longingly at his window in the morning. He quickly picked out the biggest, roundest, reddest apple and took it out to Kitty, said, “Would you like this？” Kitty was so pleased and thanked the kind storekeeper.
Paragraph 2：
When Kitty reached home with her treasures, she found her mother asleep. So she put the apple and silver dollar on a plate where her mother could see them when she awoke. When Mrs. Miller woke up, she was surprised to see the red apple and silver dollar. After she was told the wonderful story, she kissed her little daughter and said, “You see, dear, it always pays to be honest and truthful. ”(共36张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
语法专题练习
单元语法精析
语法精讲
主语从句是名词性从句的一种，在复合句中作主语，相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面。
主语从句
一、主语从句的引导词
引导词 用法
从属 连词 that，whether，if 在从句中不作成分，that没有实际意义，whether和if意为“是否”
连接 代词 who(ever)，whom(ever)，whose，what(ever) ，which(ever)等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等
连接 副词 when，where，why，how等 在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等
1．连词that和whether在从句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接从句的作用。
It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她来不来仍是个问题。
whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。
2．连接代词有who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等；连接副词有where，when，how，why等。
What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home—my only home.
你所在的任何地方都是我的家——我唯一的家。
用适当的连接词填空
① ________ will happen to the world is difficult to predict.
②___________ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
③ _______ will take the place of our original headmaster hasn’t been decided yet.
④_______ he gave up the chance of studying abroad is unknown.
⑤_________ we will have the picnic next week is being discussed.
What
Whether
Who
Why
Where
二、常用形式主语it的结构
若主语从句较长，而主句谓语部分又相对较短时，常用it作形式主语，同时将主语从句后置。
1．It is a fact (a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder… )＋that从句。
It is a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2．It is necessary (clear/true/strange/important/wonderful… )＋that从句。从句多用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)＋动词原形”。
It is necessary that you (should) master English.
你有必要掌握英语。
3．It is reported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/ decided/suggested/ordered… )＋that从句。
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
据说他在地震中丧生了。
4．It seems (happens/appears/doesn’t matter/makes no difference… )＋that从句。
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们将会赢得这场比赛。
句型转换
①That he should know about it is important.
→__________________ he should know about it.
②That he has gone to Shanghai is said.
→_____________ he has gone to Shanghai.
It is important that
It is said that
三、whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。此外，它们还可以引导让步状语从句。
Keep calm, whatever happens.
不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。
Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。
判断下列从句的类型
①Whoever breaks the law should be punished. ____________
②Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. ______________
③Whatever may happen, you must keep calm. ______________
主语从句
让步状语从句
让步状语从句
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在主语从句中如果主语太长，宾语或表语又太短，为了避免头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，通常会采用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句放在后面。
常见的使用it作形式主语的结构：
1．在“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”句型中，如果形容词为necessary，important，strange，natural等时，从句谓语动词常用“(should)＋动词原形”。
It is necessary and important that one (should) master the skill of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.
为了满足工作上的需要，掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。
2．在“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”句型中，如果过去分词为suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等时，that从句谓语动词使用“(should)＋动词原形”。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议推迟举行运动会。
单句语法填空
①It is suggested that the work ________________ (do) in a day.
②It is strange that he _______________ (treat) the man in a friendly way.
(should) be done
(should) treat
五、主语从句的语序时态问题
主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
1．主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候，有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
单句语法填空
① ________ is impressive is that my colleagues messaged us, worrying why Kun and I didn’t come back with the clock pointing to 1 am, 2 am or even 3 am.
②________ worries many people is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
③ ___________ comes first will get the first prize.
What
What
Whoever
2．主语从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用单数形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
如果what在引导的从句中作主语，代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时，谓语动词常用复数形式
What I need are two pens.
我所需要的是两支钢笔。
单句语法填空
①Whether it will do us harm or good ___________(remain) to be seen.
②It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China ______(be) comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.
③What we can’t get _________(seem) better than what we have.
④Whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice _______ (be) a matter of great debate.
remains
is
seems
was
语法专题练习
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．What caused the serious traffic accident ___________ (remain) unknown.
2．It is a pity ________ we won’t be able to go camping this Sunday.
3．Whoever ____________(pollute) the environment will be punished.
4．_______ we shall be late is certain.
5．It is not sure ___________ he will come to your house or not.
remains
that
pollutes
That
whether
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) The deadlines and ________ you need to apply depend on the program.
7．_______ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
8．It’s possible ________ we all have compromised conversational intelligence.
9．_____ is a fact that the earth is round.
10．_______ parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.
what
What
that
It
What
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．她当选了使我们很高兴。
_________________ made us very happy.
2．是什么导致了这项事故还完全是个谜。
_________________________ is a complete mystery.
3．我们在哪里开这个会都无所谓。
_____ makes no difference _________ we shall have the meeting.
That she was chosen
What caused the accident
It
where
4．他说的话使我气愤。
_____________ made me angry.
5．学校要求学生在学校必须穿校服。
It is required that the students ______________ school uniforms at school.
6．她说的是什么还不知道。
______________ is not yet known.
What he said
(should) wear
What she said
7．他拒绝这个建议是愚蠢的。
________________________________ is silly.
8．通过这项新技术，这些蔬菜甚至可以在没有任何土壤的情况下种植，这让我们所有人大吃一惊。
________________ that these vegetables can even be planted without any soil through this new technology.
That he refused this piece of advice
It amazed all of us
Ⅲ．翻译句子
1．It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.
___________________________________________________
2．It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available.
____________________________________
千真万确，每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的途径。
重要的是让他们知道你什么时候有空。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
________________________________________________________________________________
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
__________________________________________________________
5．(2019·浙江高考)What’s particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.
____________________________________________________
但是在这个实验中，他们所做的是把更多的注意力放在大数字上，而不是小数字上。
我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet这样做的态度。
Ⅳ．语法主题应用
学了“A pioneer for all people”这篇课文后，你有何感想？谈谈你的收获，至少使用三个主语从句。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Firstly, what moved me most was Yuan Longping’s determination to tackle the crisis of the serious shortage of food and his dream to feed more people in the world. Not only should we care about ourselves, but also we should care about others.
Secondly, what makes him a great agriculturist is his intense effort to overcome all kinds of difficulties. As a student, I think it is important that we should study hard and never give up when facing difficulties.
Last but not least, whether we can succeed depends on whether we devote ourselves to our work.
夯基提能作业UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．They __envision__(展望) an equal society, free of poverty and disease.
2．This commercial forest is very productive and can __generate__ (产生) good economic returns.
3．This is a __shortage__(短缺) of fresh water on the island.
4．It wants the government to take action to __boost__(使增长) the economy.
5．This year’s __yield__(产量) of wheat is higher than ever before.
6．At least 5,000 people were killed, and that’s a conservative __estimate__(估计).
7．The first reason to __tackle__(处理) these problems is to save children’s lives.
8．Where there are conflicts and __crises__(危机), there is opportunity.
9．These days we have more money and more __leisure__(空闲) to enjoy it.
10．The President is under __intense__(十分强烈的) pressure to resign.
Ⅱ．选词填空
devote oneself to，deep down，other than，be comprised of，depend on，dream up
1．A year __is comprised of__ the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2．We should __devote ourselves to__ environmental protection and ecological improvement.
3．While shopping, you should not simply __depend on__what is advertised on TV.
4．He seems confident but __deep down__ he is quite insecure.
5．Who __dreamed up__ the idea of painting our living room wall a bright red
6．The form cannot be signed by anyone __other than__ yourself.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Most of Bangladesh is at or below sea level. Rising seawater linked to climate change has severely affected the country. High water from storms in coastal areas also adds salt to soil. The land is becoming salty. Crops are less productive and many areas of cropland in the country are becoming unfit for farming. These are big problems for the small country. More than 155 million people live in Bangladesh. Growing crops is the most common way Bangladeshis support themselves.
To find a way out, farmers in the country are learning to grow vegetables in so－called “vertical gardens”. The soil in these gardens is better because heavy rains have removed much of the salt.
A vertical garden is easy to make. Villagers fill containers with good soil and natural fertilizers. They put the containers on bricks so they are off the ground. They add pieces of the bricks to the soil to help water flow and drain (排水).
The farmers cut small holes into the sides of the containers. This permits vegetables with short roots a place to grow. Vegetables with long roots grow on top of the container. One bag of soil can produce up to eight kilograms of vegetables in one season.
The farmers also grow vegetables in containers made from large, thin pieces of plastic supported by bamboo. This “vertical tower” measures more than a meter wide. Each of these towers can produce more than 100 kilograms of vegetables. It costs about $12－$13 to build.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。为了找到出路，这个国家的农民正在学习在所谓的“垂直花园”里种植蔬菜。
1．What is mentioned as a big problem for Bangladesh？ __D__
A．Severe climate conditions. B．Too many people to support.
C．Lack of enough fresh water. D．Reduced crop productivity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Crops are less productive and many areas of cropland in the country are becoming unfit for farming. These are big problems for the small country. ”可知，“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。故选D。
2．Which mainly makes vegetable growing in vertical gardens successful？ __C__
A．Places in the soil for roots. B．Heavy rains kept in the soil.
C．The good soil with little salt. D．Brick pieces added to the soil.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The soil in these gardens is better because heavy rains have removed much of the salt. ”可知，少盐的好土让垂直花园的蔬菜种植成功。故选C。
3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ __D__
A．Bricks. B．Fertilizers.
C．Villagers. D．Containers.
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段“A vertical garden is easy to make. Villagers fill containers with good soil and natural fertilizers. They put the containers on bricks so they are off the ground. They add pieces of the bricks to the soil to help water flow and drain(排水). ”可知，垂直花园很容易建造。村民们用好土和天然肥料装满容器。他们把容器放在砖上，这样它们就离地了。他们在土壤中加入砖块来帮助水流和排水。由此推知划线词they指代的是“容器”。故选D。
4．What can we infer about the vertical tower？ __A__
A．It is off the ground. B．It drains very improperly.
C．It uses bamboo for containers. D．It is unfit for growing vegetables.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The farmers also grow vegetables in containers made from large, thin pieces of plastic supported by bamboo. This ’vertical tower’ measures more than a meter wide. ”可知，“vertical tower”其实是更大更宽的containers。再根据第三段“They put the containers on bricks so they are off the ground. ”表明容器是远离地面的，因此推断“vertical tower”同样远离地面。故选A。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gardening can be a rewarding hobby not only because you can watch your plants grow but because you can take pride in your success. People use more ways to save money these days. __1．C__ If you have decided to own a garden then a few beginner gardening tips will help you to get started.
Plant Plants That Grow Easily
__2．A__ If you are getting ready to start your first garden then it may be a better idea to choose plants that are strong and easy to grow.
Use Good Soil
As a beginner, if you do not know much about the type of soil that you need, it might be a better idea to buy your soil from a gardening store. You have to consider the type of soil that you have in your yard and what plants you are growing in it as well. __3．F__
Do Not Over Water
Finally, one of the biggest mistakes that beginners make is over watering their gardens. __4．D__ So you need to learn how much water each plant needs in your garden. It is also beneficial to water your plants early in the morning to get the best results.
__5．B__ You can also save money, be healthier, and help protect the environment at the same time.
A．One mistake that many beginners make is trying to grow plants that are hard to grow.
B．With these helpful beginner tips you can grow your own fruit and vegetables.
C．And growing your own fruit and vegetables is one of them.
D．Different plants need different amounts of water.
E. Gardening is many people’s favorite hobby.
F. For this reason buying soil from a store may just be easier.
G. There are many mistakes that you may make when beginning gardening.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章就园艺工作提出了几条建议。
解析：
1．C项one of them承接上句“more ways to save money”； growing… 引起下句“gardening”。故选C。
2．本段小标题是Plant Plants That Grow Easily，A项One mistake… are hard to grow. 与之呼应。故选A。
3．F项与本段Use Good Soil一致，且承接上句。故选F。
4．D项“不同的植物需要不同量的水。”与小标题一致。故选D。
5．这是一个起总结作用的段落，B项呼应第一段“a few beginner gardening tips”。故选B。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping was born in Beijing, China. He loves playing mahjong and erhu (Chinese violin), swimming and __1．motorcycling__(motorcycle).
Born in 1930, Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 and began his teaching career at an agriculture school in Anjiang, Hunan Province.
He came up with an idea for hybridizing rice in __2．the__ 1960s, when a series of natural disasters and inappropriate policies __3．had pushed__ (push) China into an unprecedented (前所未有的) famine that caused many deaths.
Since then, he has devoted __4．himself__ (he) to the research and development of a better rice breed.
In 1964, he happened to find a __5．natural__ (nature) hybrid rice plant that had obvious advantages over others. Greatly encouraged, he began to study the elements of this particular type. In 1973, in cooperation __6．with__ others, he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species __7．which/that__ had great advantages. Its output was 20 percent more per unit than
__8．that__ of common ones. The next year their research made a breakthrough in seeding. They __9．successfully__(succeed) developed a set of technologies for producing indica rice (籼稻), putting China in the lead worldwide in rice production.
__10．For__ this achievement, he was dubbed (授予……称号) the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。love doing sth. “喜欢做某事”，且空格处与playing, swimming并列。故填motorcycling。
2．考查冠词。in the 1960s为固定搭配，意为20世纪60年代。故填the。
3．考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，从句的动作发生在主句之前，主句用的是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had pushed。
4．考查反身代词。devote oneself to sth. “致力于；全身心投入到(某事)”。此处表示他致力于研发一种更好的水稻品种。he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。
5．考查形容词。空格处作定语修饰名词hybrid rice plant。故填natural。
6．考查介词。in cooperation with“与……合作”。故填with。
7．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词a type of hybrid rice species，而且在从句中作主语，所以用which或that来引导。故填which/that。
8．考查代词。根据句意可知，它的产量比普通水稻高20%，此处用that指代产量。故填that。
9．考查副词。此处修饰动词developed，用副词修饰。故填successfully。
10．考查介词。根据句意可知，因为这项成就，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”，此处用for来表示原因。故填For。(共28张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
辩论报告属于应用文文体之一，同时又具有议论文的特点，是对某个话题的辩论。
该类文章一般分为三部分：
第一部分：开门见山，说明自己的看法或观点；
第二部分：列举支持方的观点及其理由；或列举反对方的观点及其理由；
第三部分：得出结论或给出自己的观点。
辩论报告
[文体特征]
1．文章短小精悍，语言精练，准确易懂；
2．时态常用一般现在时。
[常用表达]
1．We had a discussion about whether students should be allowed to…
2．I’m writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about whether students should be allowed to…
3．Opinions are divided on this issue. /Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
4．Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.
5．People who are against the idea think that…
6．Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to… , but forty percent of the students don’t think so.
[写作模板]
I prefer to _________(观点) not because _________ but because _________.
________(理由1), which is very good for _________. What’s more, _________(理由2), as is often the case _________. Though perhaps we _________，we _________(理由3) because we _________. We can _________.
As a whole, I think _________ much better _________ than _________.
精品展示
一中学班级就生活在城市或乡村的问题进行了辩论。下面是部分辩论记录要点，请确定你的观点，参照该记录要点并发挥想象，写一篇题为I Prefer to Live in the City/the Countryside的短文。词数80左右。
Where do you prefer to live, in the big city or in the quiet countryside？
the city the country
The city： so many things to do; make more money The country： too quiet；boring；no jobs The city：
very noisy; crowded
The country：
quiet; enjoy so much in nature；grow food on a farm
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[审题谋篇]
第一步 明确要求
该写作属于辩论作文，故要用第______人称来写；文章的主题内容是喜欢住在城市还是乡村，选择其中的一种去写作。时态用 ______________。
三
一般现在时
第二步 确定段落
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
Para. 1 开门见山，阐明观点；
Para. 2 列举理由；
Para. 3 再次表明观点。
第三步 核心词汇
1．____________对……有益
2．__________远离……
3．____________挣钱
4．_______________过着幸福的生活
be good for
far from
make money
lead a happy life
第四步 句式升级
1．我喜欢住在农村，不是因为我出生在农村，而是因为我喜欢农村生活。
(一般表达)I was born in the countryside, and I prefer to live in the countryside because I like the country life.
(高级表达)I prefer to live in the countryside _______ because I was born in the countryside _______ because I like the country life.
not
but
2．乡下远离喧嚣，也不像城市里那样拥挤。
(一般表达)The countryside is far from the noise and not as crowded as in the city.
(高级表达)The countryside is far from the noise and not crowded, __________________ in the city.
as is often the case
第五步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
I Prefer to Live in the Countryside
I prefer to live in the countryside not because I was born in the countryside but because I like the country life.
In the country the air is fresher and there is less pollution, which is very good for health. What’s more, the countryside is far from the noise and not crowded, as is often the case in the city. Though perhaps we make less money in the countryside, we still lead a happy life because we don’t need so much money. We can grow our own food and enjoy “the really green food”.
As a whole, I think the country life is much better for people’s health than the city life.
[亮点点评]
该范文结构完整，作者首先开门见山，提出主题；然后列举理由；最后再次表明观点。要点齐全，语言规范地道。使用了what’s more，as a whole等过渡衔接语，句式上，作者巧妙地使用了定语从句，以及not… but… 等高级句式，亮点频出，表达形式多样。总之，该范文是一篇朗朗上口的优秀范文，值得学习。
调查数据显示，我国肥胖儿童人数以每年8%的速度递增，实在令人担忧。最近，你校将组织主题为“谁应对肥胖儿童负责”的英文辩论会，你将作为辩手参加。根据下面辩论的内容，写出你的发言稿(代表正方或反方)。
注意：1．题目和开头已给出，但不计入总词数；
2．词数80左右。
正方观点(企业的责任) 反方观点(家长的责任)
1．为了赚钱，建了太多的西式快餐店 1．家长借口工作忙，不做饭，常带孩子吃快餐，养成了不良饮食习惯
2．餐饮业出售不健康食品 2．许多家长不能分辨饮食优劣
3．制作大量广告，吸引儿童去吃美味但不利于健康的食品 3．不重视孩子的体育锻炼
正方呼吁：制定法律，禁止出售不健康食品 反方呼吁：家长要引导孩子学会选择
Who is to blame for the obese children
—the enterprises or the parents
The number of obese children in our country is increasing by 8 percent each year. People are very concerned about it. In my opinion, _____________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
(反方)
Who is to blame for the obese children
—the enterprises or the parents
The number of obese children in our country is increasing by 8 percent each year. People are very concerned about it. In my opinion， parents are to blame.
First, the parents often take their children to find fast-food restaurants with the excuse that they are too busy to prepare meals for their children at home, so gradually their children have formed a bad eating habit. Another reason, I think, is that the parents can’t tell junk foods from nutritious foods so that they can’t help their children to make a right choice. Besides, most of the time the parents ignore how important it is for their children to take regular exercise. That’s why their children put on weight so easily.
I suggest that parents should pay attention to their children’s health and help them to make a wise choice of what to eat and what to do.
(正方)Who is to blame for the obese children
—the enterprises or the parents
The number of obese children in our country is increasing by 8 percent each year. People are very concerned about it. In my opinion， enterprises are to blame.
First, for the purpose of making money, they have built so many western style fast-food restaurants. The fast food is known for containing too much fat. Secondly, some food industries sell junk foods and there are no laws to stop them from doing so. And besides, so many advertisements attract children to the foods that are delicious but actually unhealthy. All these factors are the causes of the large number of obese children in China.
I suggest that strict laws should be made to forbid selling unhealthy foods. It’s only when laws are made that the situation will be improved. Children are our future and we should do something to make sure that they grow healthy and strong.
夯基提能作业
