Unit 3 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 将直接引语变成间接引语
1．John said，“I want to take part in the 2020 Olympic Games. ”
→John said that he wanted to take part in the 2020 Olympic Games.
2．He said to Kate，“How is your sister now？”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
3．Mr. Smith said，“His voice is wonderful. ”
→Mr. Smith said that his voice was wonderful.
4．He said，“My sister wants to go with me. ”
→He said that his sister wanted to go with him.
5．She said (to me), “I like this book very much. ”
→She told me that she liked that book very much.
6．She said (to him), “You haven’t returned me my book. ”
→She told him that he hadn’t returned her her book.
7．He said，“The film had begun when I got to the cinema. ”
→He said that the film had begun when he got to the cinema.
8．I asked the teacher，“When shall we have our sports meeting？”
→I asked the teacher when we should have our sports meeting.
9．“Let’s go to the country for a picnic，” Peter said to me.
→Peter advised me to go to the country for a picnic with him.
10．“Give me a hand, please，” she said to the boy.
→She asked the boy to give her a hand.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．He asked who could tell the exact time when the problem would be solved.
解析：句意：他问谁能告知这个问题能够被解决的确切时间。间接引语用陈述语序；who应位于间接引语的开头。
2．“Have you ever been to the seaside？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I had ever been to the seaside.
解析：句意：他问我是否去过海边。直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语要变成由whether/if引导的宾语从句；主句动词用了过去时态，直接引语为现在完成时，变成间接引语时要用过去完成时。
3．A tourist explained to a foreigner why the flag flew (fly) at half－mast (半旗).
解析：句意：一位游客向一个外国人解释为什么降半旗。根据主句谓语可知应用过去时。
4．We were told that there was (be)going to be an English corner in the hall at 7 o’clock p. m.
解析：句意：有人告诉我们下午七点在大厅有一个英语角。主句为一般过去时，在间接引语中，要用过去时态。而且an English corner为单数，因此用was。
5．He asked, “When did Cambodia’s former King pass away？”
→He asked when Cambodia’s former King had passed away.
解析：句意：他问柬埔寨前国王是何时去世的。直接引语是一般过去时，变为间接引语时要变成过去完成时。
6．He said，“Mother, the boy is very naughty. ”
→He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.
解析：句意：他跟妈妈说那个男孩很淘气。陈述句变间接引语时，主句动词可以用tell。
7．He told us last night that the flight to Shanghai takes (take) off at eight tomorrow.
解析：句意：昨晚他告诉我们到上海的航班明天八点起飞。直接引语表达的为客观现象，为时刻表规定的内容，变为间接引语时谓语动词需用一般现在时。
8．The head teacher told us that most of the students were(be) born in the 1990s.
解析：句意：校长告诉我们大多数学生出生于20世纪90年代。有具体的过去时间作状语的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，仍然用一般过去时。
9．“Did the cold weather really begin？” the child said to his mother.
→The child asked his mother whether/if the cold weather had really begun.
解析：句意：孩子问妈妈寒冷的天气是否已真正开始。变间接引语时一般疑问句变为whether/if引导的宾语从句。
10．A spokesman said the other day that the company had said (say)“sorry” to some underage (未成年的) workers for hiring them.
解析：句意：几天前一位发言人说这家公司因雇用未成年工人已向他们道歉。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·山东新泰一中高二月考)
Recently a team of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth. More than 1 million plant and animal species will die out by 2050．
The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.
The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe，Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they were in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterflies they studied in Australia would soon disappear.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。近来一个科学团队的研究表明：在不久的将来，温室气体量的增加对动植物物种可能会有毁灭性的影响。由于全球变暖，动植物的生存空间发生改变，其数量和种类也在不断减少。作者试图通过分析现状唤醒人们的环保意识。
1．To many plants and animals, what can global warming be best described as？ A
A．Deadly. B．Surprising.
C．Disappointing. D．Frightening.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，全球变暖带来的是动植物物种的不断减少，这种影响对动植物来说是致命的。
2．What’s the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas？ C
A．To protect animals and plants from global warming.
B．To call on people to control greenhouse gases.
C．To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants.
D．To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants.
解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句“They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. ”可知这项研究的目的，即研究全球变暖对动植物的影响。
3．What can we learn from the passage？ B
A．About 25% of land animals and plants have disappeared from the earth.
B．In about three decades more than 1 million plant and animal species will die out.
C．We can do nothing to save the plants and animals.
D．Wildlife in flat areas can’t find enough food.
解析：细节理解题。通过第一段可知，在未来的50年里，将有大约25%的陆地动植物灭绝，A项时态有误；B项表述正确，in about three decades 即大约 30年后，即2050年左右；C项错在we can do nothing上；D项文章并未提及。
4．Which can be the best title for this passage？ C
A．Extinct animals in the world
B．Disappearance of butterflies
C．The impact of global warming on plants and animals
D．A frightening discovery concerning global warming
解析：标题归纳题。纵观整篇文章可知，作者向人们展示了全球变暖对动植物物种的灭绝性危害。C项能形象地概括整篇内容。
B
In the waters off Brisbane, Australia，a seven－foot－long sand tiger shark swam in pain. A two－foot－long spike stuck out of her side. It was a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After traveling into her body, the spike punctured (刺) through the shark’s stomach.
A man swimming in the water noticed the shark. Then, he warned Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of Gold Coast. Sea World sent a 12－person team from its rescue center to where the shark was discovered in Moreton Bay Marine Park. Soon, they found her lying on the seafloor. “She’ll die without help, ” said Trevor Long, leader of the rescue center.
Using an onboard crane (吊车)，the rescuers moved the shark into their boat’s 13－foot－long tank. Then Dr. David Blyde gave the shark pain medicine and performed an opera－tion to remove the spike. After that, the team sailed with the shark to Sea World 33 miles away. They placed the fish in a 49－foot－long tank and waited to see if she got better.
To give the shark’s stomach time to get better, she wasn’t fed for the first few days. A week after her operation, Long offered the shark a small, dead fish. The animal refused to eat. But days later when he dropped another fish into her tank, the shark enjoyed her meal. Gradually the shark’s wounds were getting better.
Two weeks after her rescue, they took the shark back to the boat and returned her to Moreton Bay Marine Park. As the fish was lowered by the crane to the water’s surface，two rescuers jump into the ocean and guide her into the sea. From the boat, Long watches her swim away. “The shark has another chance，” Long says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一条受伤的鲨鱼得到救助的故事。
5．What happens to the sand tiger shark？ A
A．She is unlucky and gets hurt badly.
B．She has nothing to get for a few days.
C．She swims in Sea World and loses her way.
D．She is seriously ill because of sea water.
解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“A two－foot－long spike stuck out of her side… the spike punctured through the shark’s stomach. ”可知，这条鲨鱼非常不幸，因为误食了一根两英尺长的钓鱼器械而被刺穿肠胃。故选A项。
6．According to the text, Sea World A .
A．helps protect and save animals
B．is 33 miles away from Gold Coast
C．hasn’t enough space for another shark
D．has never performed operations on sharks
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sea World sent a 12－person team from its rescue center to where the shark was discovered”可知，该机构派遣了一支由十二人组成的救援小组前往发现鲨鱼的地点。所以A项说法正确。
7．How does Long feel when feeding the shark for the first time after the operation？ B
A．Very proud. B．Quite worried.
C．Really relaxed. D．Extremely afraid.
解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“A week after her operation, Long offered the shark a small, dead fish. The animal refused to eat. ”可知，Long应该是感到非常担心。故选B项。
8．What would be the best title for the text？ B
A．Dangers from sharks B．Sand tiger shark rescue
C．Moreton Bay Marine Park D．A rescue team from Sea World
解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了一条受伤的鲨鱼得到救助的故事，由此可知，B项可作为本文标题。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
A few years ago, I went to Hamburg to see my colleague. When I arrived，my colleague arranged a welcome party for me in a 1．D . We noticed a few customers including several old ladies，were having their meal. When a dish is 2．C , the waiter would distribute the food for them, and they would 3．C every bit of the food on their plates.
As I was hungry，my local colleague 4．B much food for me. Since there were other things to do, we did not 5．D much time dining. When we planned to leave，there was still about one third of 6．A food left. When we were leaving the restaurant, we 7．B someone calling us. When the old ladies spoke to us in English, we understood that they were 8．A about us wasting so much food.
“We 9．B for our food; it is none of your 10．C no matter how much food we left behind，” my colleague told the old ladies. They got angry, and one of them immediately made a call to someone. After a while, an officer in 11．C arrived. Upon finding what had happened, he issued us a 50－euro fine. The officer told us in a stern (严厉的) voice：“Order what you can consume. Money is yours, 12．D the resources belong to the society. You have no 13．D for wasting them. ”Our face turned red.
We all agreed with him in our 14．C . My colleague took out a 50－euro note and repeatedly 15．D to the officer.
My colleague copied the fine ticket and gave a copy to each of us as a souvenir. We all keep it to remind us that we should never be wasteful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者跟同事在饭店吃饭因为浪费了食物而被罚款的故事。作者从中认识到了食物是社会的共同资源，我们不应当浪费粮食。
1．A．bank B．company
C．family D．restaurant
解析：根据后文中的“We noticed a few customers including several old ladies，were having their meal. ”可知，有几个客人在吃饭，所以应是在饭店里。
2．A．cooked B．gathered
C．served D．missed
解析：serve a dish为常用搭配，意为“上菜”。
3．A．desert B．refuse
C．finish D．oppose
解析：根据“every bit”可知，此处表示他们吃完(finish)盘子里的每一点食物。
4．A．kept B．ordered
C．sold D．made
解析：order food为常用搭配，意为“点餐”，因为他们在饭店，所以此处是“我”的同事帮“我”点了(ordered)很多食物。
5．A．save B．find
C．divide D．spend
解析：根据dining 可知，此处是spend time doing sth. 结构，后半句意为：我们吃饭没有花费(spend)很多时间。
6．A．unconsumed B．undeveloped
C．undiscovered D．undetermined
解析：结合上下文可知，“我们”吃饭是比较匆忙的，所以当“我们”要离开的时候，还剩下大约三分之一没吃光的(unconsumed)食物。
7．A．appointed B．heard
C．realized D．knew
解析：结合上下文并根据“calling us”可知，此处是听到(heard)别人在叫“我们”。
8．A．unhappy B．curious
C．nervous D．optimistic
解析：根据后面的“wasting so much food”可知，她们叫住“我们”是对“我们”浪费食物的行为感到不高兴(unhappy)。
9．A．asked B．paid
C．applied D．accounted
解析：根据句意理解可知，此处意为“我们花钱买了(paid)我们的食物，剩多少食物跟你们没关系”。
10．A．matter B．mind
C．business D．question
解析：这里none of your business 是固定搭配，意为“不关你(们)的事”。
11．A．rags B．fashion
C．uniform D．dream
解析：根据常识可知官员一般穿的都是制服，此处意为“一个穿着制服(uniform)的官员到了”。
12．A．so B．and
C．or D．but
解析：这里前后是一种逻辑上的转折关系：钱是你们的，但是(but)资源是属于社会的，你们没有任何理由浪费资源。
13．A．ability B．problem
C．power D．reason
解析：本题考查固定搭配：have no reason for doing sth. 没有理由做某事。
14．A．words B．faces
C．hearts D．ears
解析：根据句意理解可知，前文叙述“我们”都脸红了，此处意为“我们”在心里(hearts)都赞同他的话。
15．A．approved B．accused
C．admitted D．apologized
解析：根据上文可知，“我们”心里赞同这位官员的话，所以“我”的同事一直向他道歉(apologized)。(共88张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental protection
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1．_______ n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
2．____________ vi. & vt. 起源；发源；创立
3．_________ n. 量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
4．__________ n. 垃圾；废物
5．_____________ n. 公司；企业；事业
→_______________ n. 企业家
smog
originate
volume
garbage
enterprise
entrepreneur
6．__________ vt. 恢复；使复原；修复
→______________ n. 恢复
7．_______________ n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
→___________ vt. 保存
→_______________ adj. 保守的
8．________ n. (一)打；十二个
9．_____________ n. 章程；规章制度
→___________ vt. 调节；规定
restore
restoration
conservation
conserve
conservative
dozen
regulation
regulate
10．_____________ n. 检查；查看；视察
→__________ v. 检查；视察；检阅
→____________ n. 检查员；巡视员
11．_______ vt. 对……处以罚款
12．___________ n. 运动；战役 vi. & vt. 参加运动；领导运动
13．___________ vt. 忍受；包容；容许
→_____________ n. 宽容；忍受
→___________ adj. 宽容的；容忍的；能耐……的
14．_________ n. 议程表；议事日程
inspection
inspect
inspector
fine
campaign
tolerate
toleration
tolerant
agenda
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1．_____ that time在那时
2．be harmful _____ 对……有害
3．contribute _____ 有助于；促成
4．throw… _______ the river 把……扔进河里
5．end _____ 结束
at
to
to
into
up
6．dozens _____许多；很多
7．set _____设立；建立
8．_____ the same time 同时
9．carry ______执行；实行；贯彻
10．_____ addition另外，此外
of
up
at
out
in
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1．Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, _____________ frequently threw garbage into the river.
此前，随着游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到很大影响，很多游客经常向漓江扔垃圾。
many of whom
2．Water pollution levels increased, _______________________ _________________________ in the river.
水污染水平增加，更多的家庭和商业垃圾流入河流。
3．With these measures, ___________________ the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美景将世代保存。
with more household and
commercial waste ending up
it is believed that
Ⅳ．语篇解读
1．What caused the Li River to be polluted？______
A．The growth in tourism.
B．Its surrounding scenery.
C．Its good reputation.
D．The local people.
A
2．Why was the number of fish species decreasing？______
A．Because the tourists threw garbage into the river.
B．Because many tour boats produced lots of oil.
C．Because a number of enterprises rose rapidly.
D．Because more chemicals used to increase crop produc-tion polluted the water.
D
3．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph？______
A．The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.
B．Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.
C．A variety of measures were taken to solve the problem.
D．The local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness.
C
4．According to the last paragraph，we can learn ____.
A．there is no water pollution in other areas across the country
B．thanks to the initiatives, China’s rivers are on the way to a bright future
C．the “Water Ten Plan”is carried out specially to solve the problem of the Li River
D．the “River Chief System” holds some villagers in charge of reducing water pollution
B
课内要点探究
His health was entirely restored.
他已完全康复了。
He feels completely restored in health after a period of intensive care.
经过一段时间的精心照料，他的精神才恢复正常。
The old painting was damaged in the flood and had to be painstakingly restored.
那幅古画在洪水中遭到毁坏，必须精心修复。
重 点 单 词
1．restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复
restore building 修复建筑物
restore communications 恢复交通
restore to (把……)归还给……，使……恢复，使……复职
restore to life 苏醒过来
restore to the owners 归还给原主
restoration n. 恢复
单句语法填空
①I volunteered to contribute to ____________ (restore) wildlife habitats.
②The police have now restored the painting _____ its rightful owner.
③The ______________ (restore) took almost 4,000 man-hours over four years.
restoring
to
restoration
完成句子
④His recent success has helped to ____________________ his own ability.
他最近取得的成功使他恢复了对自己能力的信任。
restore his faith in
Most people have come to accept the need for conservation of natural resources.
现在大多数人已认识到保护自然资源的必要。
He isn’t interested in conservation.
他对保护环境这个问题不关心。
2．conservation n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
environmental conservation 环境保护
forest conservation 森林保护
soil conservation 土壤保护
water conservation 水力资源保护
wildlife conservation 野生动物保护
conserve vt. 保存
conservative adj. 保守的； 守旧的
单句语法填空
①The district is under consideration for designation as a _______________ (conserve) area.
②It is no pleasure working with the young people who are sensitive and _______________ (conserve).
完成句子
③Many people are concerned about ____________________________.
许多人都关心动物及野生动植物的保护工作。
conservation
conservative
animals and wildlife conservation
He made an inspection of the school.
他视察了这所学校。
We aren’t nearly ready for the inspection.
对检查一事，我们还远未准备好。
3．inspection n. 检查；查看；视察
inspect v. 检查；视察；检阅
inspector n. 检查员；巡视员
It is said that an inspector will come to inspect our school，and he will judge our school according to his inspection.
据说一位检查员将来视察我们学校，并根据他的视察情况来评判我们学校。
inspect, examine，check
inspect 强调上级对下级的视察、检查 The captain wants to inspect your kit. 船长想要检查你的配备。
examine 指“观察、察看”以了解情况；还可指检查身体 Let me examine your teeth first. 让我先检查一下您的牙齿。
check 强调“核实”对错 Will you check your homework yourself first？你能自己先检查一下作业吗？
选词填空(inspect/examine/check)
①The doctor ___________ the patient carefully.
②I want to ________ with my secretary before I sign the papers.
③The newly-elected president ____________ the troops.
④A team of divers was sent down to __________ the wreck (沉船).
examined
check
inspected
examine
Jody Williams helped found an international campaign to stop the making of landmines.
乔迪·威廉斯帮助组织了一次禁止造地雷的国际运动。
4．campaign n. 运动，战役 vi. &vt. 参加运动；领导运动
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area.
现在安德森先生已经发起了一项网上运动为史密斯先生和其他这个地区无家可归的人们筹钱。
People campaigned to show their dissatisfaction with the present situation.
人们发起了一场运动表达了对当前形势的不满。
launch/start a campaign to… 发起一项运动做……
campaign for参加争取……的运动
campaign against参加反对……的运动
campaign to do sth. 为了做……而发起运动
campaign, battle, war
campaign 作名词表示“战役”时，指为某军事目标而进行的一系列军事行动。campaign还常用来表示“(政治或商业性的)活动、竞选运动”
battle 表示“战役、战争”，指敌对力量间的冲突、会战、军事战斗
war 表示“战争”，指在国家、民族或派别之间进行的公开的、使用武力的、常持续一段时间的冲突的状态
单句语法填空
①We have started a campaign ______ better nursery and school services.
②Mary is very active in the campaign __________ illegally hunting.
完成句子
③The company has launched ____ campaign to improve the training of staff.
这家公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。
for
against
a
A tough man can tolerate suffering.
坚强的人能忍受苦难。
We don’t tolerate getting close to animals in the zoo.
在动物园里我们不允许接近动物。
Few plants will tolerate sudden changes in temperature.
很少有植物会经受得住气温的突然变化。
5．tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许
tolerate doing sth. 容忍/允许做某事
tolerance n. 忍受；宽容；宽恕；忍耐性
toleration n. 忍受；宽容；容许
tolerant adj. 忍受的，容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of sth. 能忍耐某物；容忍某物
tolerate, bear, stand, put up with
tolerate “容忍；忍受”，特别用于忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱
bear “忍受”，强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力(常用于否定句中)
stand “忍受，顶住”，多用于口语中，常用于否定句中，若用于肯定句，则意为“不屈不挠，经受得起”
put up with 与tolerate意义相近，有“不计较，将就”之意，多用于口语
People simply will not tolerate a bad mental attitude.
人们是绝不会容忍消极心态的。
She couldn’t bear to see animals treated cruelly.
她不忍见动物受虐待。
I cannot stand waiting any longer.
再等下去我可受不了啦。
If you can put up with a bit of cold air, I’d like to open the window.
如果你不怕冷风吹的话，我想打开窗子。
单句语法填空
①Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ___________ (tolerate) smile and let him go.
②Our school won’t tolerate ___________(cheat)in exams. If caught, you will get severely punished.
③He was tolerant _____ different views.
tolerant
cheating
of
Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.
新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer
吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
重 点 短 语
1．contribute to 有助于；促成
contribute v. 捐献；捐助； 投稿
contribute… to把……贡献给……；捐助
contribution n. 贡献；捐赠
make a contribution/contributions to为……作贡献
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考I卷)Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute _____ some of these qualities.
②The Chinese people should make a greater ___________ (contribute) to mankind.
to
contribution
完成句子
③As far as I’m concerned, it ___________________ the peace and stability of our country.
依我看，它将有助于我们国家的和平与稳定。
④He has ___________________________ the space development programme.
他对太空发展计划已经做出了很大贡献。
will contribute to
made great contributions to
For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business some day.
这些年来我一直为他人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
Upon graduation, Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.
毕业之后，Charlotte回归故里蒙特利尔，建立了一所私人诊所。
2．set up设立；建立
set down 记下；写下
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；省出；留出
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起；激发
set out 出发；动身；摆放；陈列；开始做；着手做
用set的短语填空
Then, in 1995 the organization ________ an office in Beijing.
set up
He will carry out his plan.
他要执行他的计划。
He hasn’t the funds to carry out his design.
他没有资金来施行他的设计。
3．carry out执行，实行；贯彻
carry on继续；坚持
carry on (with)把……继续进行下去
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事；不停地做某事
carry through帮助……渡过难关；顺利完成
carry off赢得；获得
单句语法填空
①We carried _____ our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.
②They promised to carry ______ their duties faithfully.
on
out
You need time and money. In addition, you need great patience.
你需要时间与金钱。此外，你还得具备极大的耐心。
The man made him work sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition.
那人让他一天工作16个小时，而且还打他。
4．in addition 另外，此外
in addition, in addition to
in addition “另外(＝as well)”，相当于连接副词
in addition to “除……之外(还)(＝as well as)”，用作介词
In addition, the land owner may charge an extra fee.
此外，地主可能还要额外收费。
additional adj. 附加的，外加的
apart from 除……之外；此外
except for 除……之外；要不是由于……
Apart from his nose, he’s quite good-looking.
他除了鼻子以外，哪都好看。
I can answer all the questions except for the last.
所有题我都会回答，最后一题除外。
单句语法填空
①In addition to __________ (play) basketball, Jimmy takes an interest in painting.
②During the rush hour, the company provides ____________ (addition) buses.
playing
additional
完成句子
③James is a successful businessman．_____________ (另外)，he is a professional football player.
④Everything was perfect for the picnic____________ (除……之外) the weather.
In addition
except for
本句是一个复合句。many of whom引导的定语从句修饰先行词tourists。这是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
重 点 句 型
1．Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, ___many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
此前，随着游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到很大影响，很多游客经常向漓江扔垃圾。
“介词＋关系代词”的用法为历年高考考查的热点。现将其要点归纳如下：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，若先行词是人，关系代词用whom；若先行词是物，关系代词用which。
The person to whom you should write is Mr. Smith.
你该给史密斯先生写信。(whom不可用who代替)
The games in which he competed were swimming and shooting.
他参加的竞赛项目是游泳和射击。(which不可换为that)
(2)介词若与从句中的动词(词组)有关，可置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后；若介词与动词为固定词组，则此介词一般不前置。
This is the pen which I’m looking for.
这就是我正在寻找的钢笔。(通常不说：This is the pen for which I’m looking. )
He is a man who you can safely depend on.
他是一个能让你放心依赖的人。
(通常不说：He is a man on whom you can safely depend. )
提示：在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，最难确定的是介词，关于介词的选用大体上可从以下三个方面考虑：
①根据与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。
This is the house in which they used to live.
这就是他们过去住的房子。(介词in的选用是由live in这一常见搭配确定的)
②根据与先行词的习惯搭配来考虑。
The farm on which we worked ten years ago isn’t what it used to be.
我们十年前工作过的那个农场现在已不是过去的样子了。(farm常与介词on连用，on the farm表示“在农场”)
③根据句子的具体含义来考虑。
The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。(with在此表示“使用……工具”)
单句语法填空
①Raising the retirement age is a subject _____________ which all the Chinese have argued for a long time.
②Nelson Mandela devoted his life to fighting for a free society in ________ all people live together in harmony.
about/over
which
本句是简单句，with复合结构(即“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构)作后置定语，waste与ending up为主谓关系。
2． Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
水污染水平增加，更多的家庭和商业垃圾流入河流。
(2)with复合结构的用法：
作定语
She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.
她看到一条两岸长着红花和绿草的小溪。
作状语
She left the office with tears in her eyes.
她眼里含着泪，离开了办公室。(表示伴随状况)
With his key lost，he couldn’t get into the office.
由于钥匙丢了，他进不了办公室。(表示原因)
The children began to watch TV with the homework done.
孩子们完成作业以后开始看电视。(表示时间)
I’d like to see the new film with time permitting.
如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。(表示条件)
The battle ended with the enemy defeated.
战斗结束了，敌人被打败了。(表示结果)
with 复合结构用法口诀
with结构并不难，with后面宾语连，
动宾关系用过分，主谓关系用现分，
将来要把不定跟，还有三种形副介。
单句语法填空
①China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries ______________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
②Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes _________ (close).
③With Father’s Day __________ (draw) near, I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
④With a lot of work _______ (do), he has to stay late tonight.
recognizing
closed
drawing
to do
本句为主从复合句。It is believed that… 意为“人们相信……”，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。It is believed that… 中believed还可换为其他动词，如said, hoped, reported, learned, predicted等。
3．With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美景将世代保存。
It is believed that John will help us with some money.
大家都相信约翰会给我们一些金钱上的帮助。
It is hoped that it won’t rain on our camping day.
大家都希望露营那天别下雨。
It is thought that… 大家认为……
It is said that… 据说……
It is hoped that… 人们希望……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is well known that… 众所周知……
It is generally considered that… 大家认为……
It is supposed that… 据推测……
注意：此结构可转换为：sb. is/are＋过去分词＋to do sth. ，但是hope，suggest不可用于此结构。
It is said that he has gone abroad.
→He is said to have gone abroad.
据说他出国了。
单句语法填空
①It is __________ (report) that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
②He is thought ______________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
③Before your trip, it is strongly suggested _______ he (should) make some preparations.
reported
to have acted
that
句型转换
④It is believed that he is fit for the job.
→He ____________________ for the job.
⑤He is said to have passed the driving test.
→_______________ he has passed the driving test.
is believed to be fit
It is said that
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．We were prevented by heavy _______ (烟雾) from seeing anything.
2．Please keep the place clean, and throw away any __________ (垃圾).
3．They are involved in an exciting scientific _____________ (事业).
4．After an _____________ (视察), the inspectors must publish a report.
5．I cannot ___________ (忍受) your bad manners.
6．She became more and more interested in wildlife _______________ (保护).
smog
garbage
enterprise
inspection
tolerate
conservation
7．The new manager’s job is to __________ (恢复) the company to profitability.
8．The company was ________ (处罚) $20,000 for breaking safety regulations.
9．The presidential ___________ (运动) was in full swing.
10．What’s on your _________ (议事日程) for tomorrow
restore
fined
campaign
agenda
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．The teacher walked around _____________ (inspect) their work.
2．The campaign __________ drinking and driving will include spot check on drivers.
3．I can’t tolerate __________ (work) with Jane, because she is constantly speaking.
4．Edison made great contributions _____ the world.
5．She set out _________ (find) the truth behind the thing.
inspecting
against
working
to
to find
6．That tall man carried ______ the prize.
7．Honesty and hard work contribute _____ success and happiness.
8．I wish to thank Professor Johnson，__________ whose help I would never have made such great progress.
9．Henry stood in front of window with his eyes __________(look) outside and one of his hands _________ (raise).
10．It is ___________ (report) in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.
off
to
without
looking
raised
reported
Ⅲ. 选词填空
in effect, contribute to, dozens of, set up, carry out, make use of, turn off, be harmful to
1．You can ____________ the building materials that have been lying by.
2．Our boss often reminds us to make sure to __________ the light before we leave.
3．Sarah is never lonely because she has ___________ friends.
make use of
turn off
dozens of
4．Favorable policies are ___________ in order to encourage employees’ professional development.
5．The three sons have ________________ the family business, so they have their own portions in the company.
6．A new middle school has been ________ in the village.
7．They will ___________ this experiment, regardless of what happens.
8．Noise is a kind of pullution and it ______________ our ears.
in effect
contributed to
set up
carry out
is harmful to
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．众所周知，没有水，地球上什么也不能生存。
_________________, without water, nothing could live on earth.
2．很明显，我们将不得不在山里过夜。
__________________ we will have to spend the night in the mountains.
3．如果这个问题处理不好的话，可能会对他们产生消极的影响。
If the issue is not properly handled, it may ________________________ them.
As is known to all
It is obvious that
have negative effects on
4．这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都离开了家乡去城市追求更好的生活。
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，_____________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
5．自行车被偷了，他只好步行回家。
With ________________, he had to walk home.
6．据说他做生意赚了很多钱。
_______________ he has made a lot of money by doing business.
many of whom
his bike stolen
It is said that
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
The beautiful Li River attracts millions ofdomestic and foreign visitors each year. However，it suffered serious water pollution with more household and commercial waste 1._________ (end) up in the river. Local officials were 2.____________ (concern) that the pollution was damaging the natural environment. They took a number of measures 3._____________ addressed the issue. The construction of waste water treatment 4._____________ (facility) improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of household waste 5.______ (be) also improved.
ending
concerned
that/which
facilities
was
Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed 6._____ moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial 7.__________ (develop). New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore，the local authorities began to use the media 8.___________(spread)environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry out inspections 9.___________ (regular) and fine tourist organisations for abuses. 10._______ these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
or
development
to spread
regulary
With
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于更多的家庭和商业废物最终进入河中，它遭受了严重的水污染。此处名词 waste 与end是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作with复合结构中的宾补。
2．考查形容词。句意：当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境。be concerned that“担心……”。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他们采取了解决这个问题的许多措施。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰 measures，故用that或which。
4．考查名词复数。句意：污水处理设施的建设改善了水质，节约了用水。facility是可数名词，其前没有限定词，再根据句意可知应该用复数形式。
5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。由语境可知用一般过去时；句子的主语中心词是The collection and transport，意思是“收集和运输”，看作一个整体，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
6．考查连词。句意：许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁。or表示选择关系，意思是“或者”。
7．考查词性转换。句意：当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格规定。industrial是形容词，所以空格处用名词development，表示“发展”。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识，并鼓励(人们)更多地使用清洁能源。use sth. to do sth. “用某物做某事”。
9．考查词性转换。句意：同时，他们开始定期检查……此空修饰动词短语carry out，因此用副词。
10．考查介词。句意：有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美将会被保存下来，留给未来的世世代代。With在此处意思为“有，拥有”。
夯基提能作业Unit 3 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．The sky over the city was overspread with a heavy smog (烟雾).
2．Please put the garbage (垃圾) in the dustbin.
3．I feel quite restored (恢复) to health after my holiday.
4．He cannot tolerate (忍受) the extremes of heat in the desert.
5．This enterprise (企业) is now on a firm footing and should soon get profits.
6．The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection (检阅) by their officers.
7．He was fined (处罚) 200 dollars for breaking the traffic rule.
8．Our community is a leader in the conservation (保护) of wildlife.
9．The campaign (战役) to seize the city was a failure.
10．The next item on the agenda (议事表) is the publicity budget.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．The plants are regularly inspected (inspect) for disease.
2．The unions are campaigning for a shorter working day.
3．My tolerance (tolerate) of your impoliteness is limited.
4．He contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
5．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing (prepare) your business plan.
6．We all must help to carry the plan through.
7．The three sons also contribute to the family business.
8．It is often said (say) that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
9．With everything she needed bought(buy)，the lady went home.
10．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The growing amount of human noise pollution in the ocean could make fish unable to find a good habitat and cause their death, according to a new research from a UK－led team working on the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef (珊瑚礁)in the world, off the northeast coast of Australia.
After developing for weeks at sea, baby reef fish rely on natural noises as a clue to find the coral reefs where they can survive and grow stronger. However, with human noise pollution from ships, wind farms and oil mining on the increase, researchers are now concerned that this important behavior is coming under threat.
Dr Simpson, a senior researcher in a British university，said, “When only a few weeks old, baby reef fish face a very difficult task in locating and choosing a suitable habitat. Reef noise gives them quite important information. But if they learn, remember and become attracted towards the wrong sounds, we might be leading them in all the wrong directions. ”
Dr Simpson and his team began their environment. Using underwater light traps, Dr Simpson and his team collected baby reef fish and put them into tanks with underwater speakers playing natural reef noise or a mix of man－made sounds. The next night the fish were put into specially－designed choice tanks. Again they played natural or man－made sounds. All the fish liked the reef noise, but only the fish that had experienced the mix of man－made sounds swam towards it, the others swam away when hearing the man－made sounds.
The test result shows that fish can learn a new sound and remember it hours later. And they can tell the difference between sounds and, based on their experience, become attracted to other sounds, which might really affect their behavior on the most important night of their life. The breakdown of natural behavior could have damaging effects on the population of future fish groups.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。经英国科学家的研究发现，海洋中的噪声污染使生活在澳大利亚的小礁鱼很难找到适合它们的栖息地。
1．Baby reef fish find coral reefs mainly by their sense of B .
A．sight B．hearing
C．smell D．touch
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句中的“… baby reef fish rely on natural noises a clue… ”可知，小礁鱼主要靠听觉找到珊瑚礁。
2．What did the British research team feel most concerned about after the noise experiment？ C
A．The reason why baby reef fish can find the location of coral reefs.
B．The process of how baby reef fish learn a new sound.
C．The population of fish groups in the future.
D．The eating habits of baby reef fish.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段末句“The breakdown of natural behavior could have damaging effects on the population of future fish groups. ”可知，通过噪音实验，科学家最为关心的是未来鱼群的数量问题。
3．We can infer from the passage that baby reef fish D .
A．can find their suitable habitat whatever happens
B．can survive in difficult living conditions
C．can get used to noise from humans
D．are easily attracted by sounds
解析：推理判断题。通过第五段第二句中的“And they can… become attracted to other sounds… ”可知，小礁鱼的行为方式很容易受到其他声音的影响。故选D。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about？ D
A．A new research about noise pollution.
B．A great task faced by a British research team.
C．The way baby reef fish survive and grow stronger.
D．A research about how noise pollution changes fish behavior.
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述科学家发现噪声污染会改变小礁鱼的行为方式。故选D。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Animals are our friends. However, it is reported that during the past several years thousands of stray animals have been dead 1． because help didn’t arrive in time. The Catawba County Humane Society is an animal shelter that is trying to put 2． an end to this, but they can’ t achieve it without volunteers. So I choose to be a volunteer of the shelter 3． excitedly (excite).
One of my jobs is to help with the cats. Keeping the animals happy and healthy is the number－one concern. I usually play with them, brush them, and clean 4． their (they) living areas. A cat that is around people every day is probably 5． more comfortable (comfortable) than a cat that lives alone every day.
My second responsibility is to work with dogs. I am given the task of 6． exercising (exercise) the dogs on the outdoor playgrounds. Only after you spend time getting along with them can you really get to know them. Each has a different 7． personality (personal), which makes them lovely and unique.
Walking dogs and petting cats may not seem like a big deal, but they are worth my efforts. They are the things I love doing, and now that I 8． have started (start), I don’t want to stop. I encourage any animal lover 9． to volunteer (volunteer) at a shelter. It will absolutely make you feel happy and 10． satisfied (satisfy).
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了保护动物的重要性和志愿者工作的意义。
解析：
1．考查连词。根据句意：成千上万的流浪动物死去是因为救援不及时，故用because表示原因。
2．考查冠词。 put an end to “结束”，固定搭配。
3．考查词性转换。修饰动词choose用副词。
4．考查代词。和前面的them相呼应，故用their。
5．考查形容词的比较级。句子中有than，所以用形容词的比较级。
6．考查非谓语动词。介词of后面用动词－ing形式。
7．考查词性转换。 different是形容词，后面用名词。
8．考查动词的时态。句意：这些是我喜爱做的事，既然我已经开始了，我就不想停下来。根据句意，应用现在完成时。
9．考查非谓语动词。 encourage sb. to do sth. “鼓励某人做某事”。
10．考查词性转换。feel是系动词，后面接形容词，又因主语是“人”，故用过去分词形式的形容词。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One winter Sunday, my little sister, Colleen, and I built the greatest snowman ever. We gave him a carrot nose, beautiful hat, cozy scarf and gloves. He was a masterpiece (杰作).
The next morning when looking outside, we smiled lovingly at him over our meal. We gave him a high－five as we passed by on our way to school. A lot of kids went past our house, so he was the hot topic at our school that morning. It was our pride!
The day dragged on until finally we could rush home. But as our yard came into sight, we saw something wrong. The snowman was gone! We only found a broken stick here, a torn glove there and balls of snow everywhere. Worst of all, the snowman’s once－proud carrot nose lay limp (无力的) and half－eaten.
What had happened We were both astonished and angry. But then, we were only kids, who wouldn’t have anything taking away our happiness. Actually we knew only one thing: Our snowman would rise again. And so we rebuilt him.
The next day we came home to find another mess on the front lawn (草坪). For the rest of the week, the destruction was repeated daily. Each afternoon we’d return to find our snowman had fallen apart, and then we built again.
By Saturday morning, we had a plan. We borrowed a really big bucket (水桶) from Mom, filled it with water and left it outside. The next morning, it was frozen solid. We packed snow all around the ice block as the base (底座) of the snowman. Then we built the other parts of it once again. The trap was set, and we waited for the snowman bullies (破坏者) to come.
Paragraph 1：
Monday morning, hiding behind the window, we soon saw what we were waiting for. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Seeing their pained look, we couldn’t help laughing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Monday morning, hiding behind the window, we soon saw what we were waiting for. It turned out that there were three of them from our school. They sneaked up on our snowman and sneered. Taking their places on either side, they pulled back their legs to deliver powerful kicks. But the moment they hit the hard ice block of the base, sneers turned into shock, then agony and tears. They howled and cursed, gritting their teeth and stomping their feet.
Paragraph 2：
Seeing their pained look, we couldn’t help laughing. They were too funny as they hopped away holding their damaged feet. We just couldn’t contain our happiness and excitement. With a hearty laugh, we came out of hiding and sprang into the yard from inside the house. “An eye for an eye! Justice done！”We yelled behind them. And that was the end of our problems with the snowman bullies. Ever since then, our snowman was kept guarded and intact until it happily melted into spring water and finally wove into our sweetest childhood memories.(共78张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental protection
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课内要点探究
单元语法精析
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1．________ n. 流域；盆地；盆
2．__________ n. 企鹅
3．_________ vi. & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造n. 改革；变革；改良
→______________ n. 革新；改善
→___________ n. 改革家；改革运动者；改良者
4．__________ vt. 经历；经受(变化、不快等)
→过去式____________
→过去分词 ______________
basin
penguin
reform
reformation
reformer
undergo
underwent
undergone
5．_____________ adj. 和谐的
→__________ n. 协调；和睦；融洽
6．___________ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 vi. & vt. 缓和；使适中
→_____________ adv. 适度地；中庸地；有节制地
7．_________ vi. & vt. 提交；呈递；屈服
→_____________ n. 投降；提交(物)；服从
harmonious
harmony
moderate
moderately
submit
submission
8．_________ adj. 每年的；一年的 n. 年刊；年鉴
→___________ adv. 每年；一年一次
9．___________ adj. 热带的；来自热带的
10．________ n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱
11．__________ adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的
12．____________ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
→______________ adv. 敏感地；易感知地
13．_________ n. (热带)丛林；密林
annual
annually
tropical
chaos
nuclear
sensitive
sensitively
jungle
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1．in search _____寻找；搜寻
2．as well _____和；也
3．be responsible ______对……负责
4．bring ________引起
5．die ______灭绝；消失
6．because _____因为
7．_____ behalf of代表(或代替)某人
8．rather _______而不是
of
as
for
about
out
of
on
than
课内要点探究
They’ve reformed the education system to fit in with the new situation.
他们改革了教育制度，以适应新的形势。
The reform in teaching methods is warmly welcomed by students.
教学方法的改革受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。
重 点 单 词
1．reform vi & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造n. 改革；变革；改良
reform the healthcare system 改革医疗保健制度
reform oneself 改过自新
education reform 教育改革
a reform in teaching methods 教学方法的改革
reformation n. 革新；改善
reformer n. 改革家；改革运动者；改良者
单句语法填空
①Phone meetings get cancelled or ___________ (reform) and camera phones intrude (侵入) on people’s privacy.
②He who will reform __________ (he) must first reform society.
③We also need to actively advance the reform _____ the political system.
reformed
himself
in
The sky and the sea make a harmonious picture.
天空和大海构成了一幅和谐的画面。
Relations with our neighbors are very harmonious at the moment.
我们目前同邻居们的关系十分和谐。
Don’t let this trifling matter affect our harmonious relations.
别为小事伤了和气。
2．harmonious adj. 和谐的
harmony n. 协调；和睦；融洽
in harmony 协调一致
out of harmony不协调
harmony among〔between〕……之间的协调，……之间的融洽
harmony with 与……协调，与……适应
单句语法填空
①His ideas were no longer in harmony _______ ours.
②After dealing with the art, they have a common sense of ___________ (harmony) music.
with
harmonious
完成句子
③This pavilion ___________________ the surrounding environment.
这亭子同周围环境是协调的。
④Success means to ________________________.
成功意味着拥有和睦的家庭。
is harmonious with
have a harmonious family
He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council.
他将城市发展建议提交市议会。
Please fill in and submit the form below.
请填写并递交以下表格。
They refused to submit to the unjust decision.
他们拒绝服从这个不公正的决定。
3．submit vi. &vt. 提交；呈递；屈服
submit a plan 提供一个计划
submit report 提交报告
submit term paper 交论文
submit proposal 提出建议
submit to 把……交上去；顺从……
submission n. 投降；提交(物)；服从
单句语法填空
①I refused to submit _________ (me) to his control.
②He is the last man to submit _____ another’s opinion.
myself
to
The earth makes an annual course round the sun.
地球一年绕太阳转一圈。
Many universities have our annuals kept in the library.
许多大学图书馆都收藏我们的年刊。
4．annual adj. 每年的；一年的 n. 年刊；年鉴
annual budget 年度预算
annual event 一年一度的大事
annual income 岁入
annual production 年产量
annual salary 年薪
annually adv. 每年；一年一次
单句语法填空
①They celebrate their wedding anniversary ___________ (annual).
完成句子
②I’m playing in the ______________________ next Friday.
下周五我将在学校年度音乐会上演出。
③The fashion show is an ______________.
时装表演是一年一度的大事。
annually
annual school concert
annual event
She is very sensitive about her weight.
她对自己的体重非常敏感。
He is a sensitive friend of mine.
他是我的一个善解人意的朋友。
Compared with adults, children are more sensitive to others’ feelings.
与成人相比，孩子们对别人的感情更敏感。
5．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的； 灵敏的
be sensitive to 对……敏感
sensitively adv. 敏感地；易感知地
sensitive, sensible
sensitive “敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的”，be sensitive to“对……敏感”
sensible “明智的；意识到的”，be sensible of“意识到，认识到”
It may be a sensitive topic，so we had better avoid it.
这可能是一个敏感的话题，因此我们最好不提它。
He is sensible of his own shortcomings.
他对自己的缺点心知肚明。
单句语法填空
①It is obvious that she is very sensitive _____ what you said.
②Compared with his sister, Jerry is even ________________ (sensitive) to emotional and relationship problems.
to
more sensitive
完成句子
③Donna i_______________ strong smells.
唐娜对强烈的气味很敏感。
④Some plants ___________________ pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.
有些植物对污染如此敏感，以至于它们只能在非常干净的环境里生存下去。
s sensitive to
are so sensitive to
I looked everywhere in search of my glasses.
我到处找我的眼镜。
He went to the south in search of a better job.
他去南方寻找更好的工作。
重 点 短 语
1．in search of寻找；搜寻
in one’s search for 寻找
search for＝look for 寻找(某人/某物)
search… for… 为了找到……而搜查……
search sth. /sb. 搜查某物/搜身
(1)in search of是介词短语，在句中作状语或表语。若名词search前没有任何修饰词，后面的介词用of；有the，one’s等词修饰时，后面的介词用for，即in the/one’s search for，其后名词均表示“寻找的目标”。
His brother went to America in search of gold. ＝His brother went to America in the search for gold.
他的兄弟去美国寻找黄金了。
(2)动词search后接搜查的范围，而search for后接搜寻的目标，相当于look for。
He searched the drawer in search of his friend’s telephone number while his friend was searching for his address，too.
他在抽屉里找他朋友的电话号码，而他朋友也正在找他的地址。
完成句子
①The police _______________ the house ______ (正在搜查……找) more evidence.
②They removed the stones and bricks _________________________ (寻找) some survivors in the earthquake.
are searching
for
in search of/to search for
Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.
如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。
Many old customs are dying out.
许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
The fire died out in the end.
火终于熄灭了。
2．die out灭绝；消失
die of因……而死(一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等)
die from 因……而死(一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)
die away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱；渐渐消失
die down (兴奋、火等)渐弱；渐息；平息
die off (家庭、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死
单句语法填空
①Many species of animals are in danger of dying ______.
②The young driver died _______ the wounds caused by a road accident.
③She died _____ a fever，and no one could save her.
out
from
of
Please accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.
请接受我代表酒店向您道歉。
They presented the Queen with a bouquet on behalf of the women students.
她们代表女学生向女王献花。
3．on behalf of代表；(代替)某人
On behalf of the whole class, I wish you get well soon.
代表全班同学，我祝您早日康复。
on behalf of sb. /on sb. ’s behalf 代表(或代替)某人；为帮助某人；因为某人；为了某人
in behalf of sb. /in sb. ’s behalf为帮助某人
Thank you very much for your tireless efforts on our behalf.
非常感谢你为我们所做的不懈努力。
The President signed the treaty on behalf of his government.
总统代表他的政府在条约上签了字。
单句语法填空
①I’m glad to put on a performance here on behalf _____ our school.
②Don’t trouble to do it on ______ (we) behalf.
句型转换
③She taught in the small village in behalf of the children.
→She taught in the small village __________________________.
④The hero’s wife accepted the medal on his behalf.
→The hero’s wife accepted the medal ________________.
of
our
in the children’s behalf
on behalf of him
单元语法精析
一、定义
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语 是将别人的话一字不改地放在引号内
间接引语 是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用加引号
The boy said, “I like playing basketball very much. ”(引号内的为直接引语)
→The boy said that he liked playing basketball very much. (that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)
The teacher asked the boy，“Do you like playing basketball？”(引号内的为直接引语)
→The teacher asked the boy whether he liked playing basketball. (whether引导的宾语从句为间接引语)
二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则
1．人称变化的三原则。
(1)“第一人称随主”原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own. ”
玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)
(2)“第二人称随宾”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
The customer asked the salesgirl，“Can you show another pair of shoes in a different colour？”(直接引语内主语为第二人称)
顾客问女售货员：“你能否给看一看不同颜色的另一双鞋？”
→The customer asked the salesgirl whether she could show another pair of shoes in a different colour. (间接引语随宾改为第三人称)
顾客问女售货员她能否给看一看不同颜色的另一双鞋。
(3)“第三人称不更新”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The organizer said，“Jack would come here to help. ”(直接引语内为第三人称)
组织者说：“杰克会来这儿帮忙。”
→The organizer said that Jack would go there to help. (间接引语第三人称不改变)
组织者说杰克会去那儿帮忙。
2．时态的变化
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时
He said，“I am planning a trip to Dandong. ”(直接引语内为现在进行时)
他说：“我正计划去丹东旅行。”
→He said that he was planning a trip to Dandong. (间接引语为过去进行时)
他说他正计划去丹东旅行。
The tourist said，“I have been spellbound by the beautiful scenery. ”(直接引语内为现在完成时)
游客说：“我已被美景迷住了”。
→The tourist said that she had been spellbound by the beautiful scenery. (间接引语改为过去完成时)
游客说她已被美景迷住了。
直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；
My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms. ”
昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)
→My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.
昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。
The guide said, “The bridge was completed in 1980．”(直接引语含具体的过去时间状语)
导游说：“这座桥完工于1980年。”
→The guide said that the bridge was completed in 1980．(间接引语时态不改变)
导游说这座桥完工于1980年。
3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
词类 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语 now then
ago before/earlier
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next/following day
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
“Where did you have a picnic yesterday？” asked his friend. (直接引语内为yesterday)
他朋友问：“昨天你去哪里野餐的？”
→His friend asked where he had a picnic the day before. (间接引语改为the day before)
他的朋友问昨天他去哪儿野餐的。
The famous hostess said, “I will come to host it if a party is held this weekend. ”(直接引语内为come; this)
这位著名的女主持人说：“如果这个周末举行宴会的话，我会来主持。”
→The famous hostess said that she would go to host it if a party was held that weekend. (间接引语改为go; that)
这位著名的女主持人说如果那个周末举行宴会的话，她会去主持。
三、直接引语和间接引语的转换中的句式变化
1． 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
She said，“I am working in that company now. ”(直接引语为陈述句)
她说：“我现在在那家公司工作。”
→She said that she was working in that company then. (间接引语用that引导宾语从句)
她说她那时在那家公司工作。
2． 直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(… or… 或… or not)或if引导。
His friend asked him，“Are you interested in playing football？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)
朋友问他：“你对踢足球感兴趣吗？”
→His friend asked him whether he was interested in playing football. (间接引语改为whether引导的宾语从句)
朋友问他是否对踢足球感兴趣。
3． 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
He asked Mary，“How is your sister now？”(直接引语为how提问的特殊疑问句)
他问玛丽：“你姐姐现在怎么样了？”
→He asked Mary how her sister was then. (间接引语改为how引导的宾语从句)
他问玛丽那时她的姐姐怎么样了。
(1)直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词said to sb. 常改为told sb. 。
(2)直接引语为疑问句，主句中谓语动词是said，变为间接引语时将其改为asked。
(3)直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
His father said to him，“You should work hard if you want to go to college. ”
他的父亲对他说：“如果你想上大学，你就要努力学习。”(直接引语中主句谓语为“said to”)
→His father told him that he should work hard if he wanted to go to college.
他的父亲告诉他，如果他想上大学就要努力学习。(改为间接引语时，主句谓语改为“told”)
三诀巧记“直”变“间”
(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，
时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。
(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：
去掉引号加if/whether，陈述语序要记住。
时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。
(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：
直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。
4．祈使句的直接引语变间接引语
祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order等。
(1)引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth. 的形式。
(2)当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb. ＋to do”等结构。
(3)引述表示请求的祈使句，常用ask，beg等词转述。
(4)引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind，warn等词转述。
5．感叹句的直接引语变间接引语
直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。
有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词变为陈述句。
6．其他需要注意的几个问题
(1)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作宾语用。
(2)无论是否定祈使句，还是表委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth. 结构。
(3)祈使句直接引语变间接引语时，人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语及直接引语中从句的时态应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。
句型转换
①He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John？”
He asked John __________________________.
②“Do you come from Australia？” Mary asked Bob.
Mary asked Bob _____________________________.
where he was going to get off
whether he came from Australia
③The teacher said to him, “Don’t make so much noise. ”
The teacher told him _______________________.
④Jenny said, “I have finished my homework. ”
Jenny said that ____________________________.
⑤ He asked me, “How will you get to the party？”
He asked me _________________________.
not to make so much noise
she had finished her homework
how I would get to the party
语法达标训练
Ⅰ. 变直接引语为间接引语
1．He said，“My brother doesn’t want to go there. ”
He told me __________ brother ________ want to go there.
2．He said to me, “Did you see him last night？”
He asked me whether I had seen him _________________.
3．Mary said to me，“I’ll come again tomorrow. ”
Mary _______ me that ___________ come again _____________ ______________.
that his
didn’t
the night before
told
she would
the next/
following day
4．“Can you swim, John？” he asked.
He asked John ____________________ swim.
5．“Will Peter play basketball？”I wanted to know.
I wanted to know _____________ Peter ____________ basketball.
6．“Who has been to Beijing？” the teacher asked.
The teacher asked _________ been to Beijing.
7．“Come here, Tom，” Lucy asked Tom.
Lucy asked Tom ____________.
if/whether he could
whether/if
would play
who had
to go there
8．“The earth goes around the sun，” the scientist said.
The scientist said _______ the earth _______ around the sun.
9．The teacher said to me, “Don’t be late again. ”
The teacher advised _____________________.
10．Peter said，“ What a fine day it is！”
Peter said ____________________. /Peter said ___________________.
that
goes
me not to be late again
what a fine day it was
how fine the day was
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．I asked him __________ he would stay at home or go out for hiking.
2．—Sorry, what did you say just now
—I asked ______ I could get to the station.
3．The actor said he ______ (be) born in 1984．
4．She asked me_____________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
5．Yesterday he told me that he had met his uncle two years _________ (ago).
whether
how
was
whether/if
before
6．He told us he ______________ (attend) a concert three days _________ (ago).
7．The teacher said that practice ________ (make) perfect.
8．—Who called just now, Sam
—It’s Terry. He asked if Alice ______ (be) in.
9．—What did the teacher say
—He told me not ___________ (late) again.
10．The teacher requested us not _________ so much noise.
had attended
before
makes
was
to be late
to make
夯基提能作业Unit 3 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．The new job doesn’t pay as much but we won’t starve (挨饿)!
2．The new software is planned for release (发布) in April.
3．All the products are labelled with comprehensive (详尽的)instructions.
4．Every aircraft in there has sustained (遭受) some damage.
5．Can anything be done to reverse this trend (倾向)
6．His speech was frequently (频繁地) interrupted by stormy applause.
7．Did you listen to the broadcast (广播) of the football match
8．Villagers say the fence would restrict (限制) public access to the hills.
9．It’s the company’s policy (方针) to sacrifice short－term profits for the sake of long－term growth.
10．Seize (抓住) the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．The animals were left to starve to death (die).
2．Don’t release this news to the public until we give you the go－ahead.
3．Tom seized on the excuse to get out of the practice.
4．In those days women led fairly restricted (restrict) lives.
5．The chairman’s speech will be broadcast (broadcast) nationwide.
6．Much new and high technology has been introduced from Germany，thus resulting in great increase in production of the company.
7．When I meet new words I don’t know. I often refer to a dictionary.
8．I don’t doubt that he has the ability to deal with the situation.
9．The man left，leaving (leave) me alone with my comforting thoughts.
10．(2019·北京卷)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.
Ⅲ. 选词填空
result in, refer to, huge amounts of, along with, take measures, make policies, seize the opportunity, have an impact on
1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all－round forms of exercise.
2．The development of new technology continues to have an impact on learning.
3．When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.
4．The planet’s strong force of gravity holds huge amounts of hydrogen and helium gas.
5．As far as I’m concerned, concentration on your studies will result in good grades.
6．Our government is trying to take measures to prevent and control pollution.
7．Government will need to make policies to encourage private companies.
8．If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad for further study.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Shark nets in place across Australia, specifically in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland, to protect tourists should be dropped as they have caused more harm than good, a study has found.
The measures were carried out by some governments, including nets and traditional drum lines, and provided tourists with a false sense of safety. The study found the effectiveness of nets was difficult to evaluate, while the significant damage they cause to other marine wildlife was clear. Researches desire for non－deadly shark control measures such as ecobarriers, which physically separate swimmers from sharks，sonar (声呐)technology，and various shark－spotting techniques.
Researchers said while the risk of coming across a shark was rare, any shark－related deaths and injuries caught huge public and media attention.
One of the arguments in support of using shark nets is that just one shark－related death has been reported in Queensland since the 1960s. Similarly, since the 1930s，NSW has had only one shark－related death. But there have been at least 13 people killed by sharks at beaches without nets on the NSW north coast over the past two years.
The Humane Society International’s head of campaigns, Nicola Beynon, said the government needed to move away from outdated methods. “Deadly shark nets and drum lines are more than 50 years behind scientific and animal welfare standards for dealing with marine wildlife，” said Beynon.
The NSW Greens’ marine spokesman, Justin Field, said, “People are 100 times more likely to drown at the beach than to be killed by a shark in Australia. Therefore, millions of dollars going into the shark net program should be directed to observation towers for our lifeguards and improving the beach devices. ”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了防止鲨鱼对人类的攻击，一直以来澳大利亚的海岸线都设置鲨鱼网，但是研究发现该做法弊大于利。
1．Which of the following do researchers focus on？ C
A．Beachgoers’ safety.
B．The shark－related death rate.
C．Friendly shark control ways.
D．Advanced shark－spotting techniques.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researches desire for non－deadly shark control measures such as ecobarriers… ”可知，研究者呼吁能保证鲨鱼安全的控制措施。
2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？ C
A．Shark－related deaths. B．Measures to protect sharks.
C．Reasons of using shark nets. D．Dangers for tourists.
解析：推理判断题。从第四段提到的与鲨鱼有关的死亡数字来看，本段主要介绍的是支持在海滩上设置鲨鱼网的理由。故选C项。
3．What do Nicola Beynon and Justin Field have in common？ D
A．Science is developing too fast.
B．Observation towers need rebuilding.
C．Many people drown every year.
D．No shark nets are to be used.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Nicola认为防鲨网落后于科技；Justin认为防鲨网的费用可用来建观察塔。由此可知，两人的共同之处是不建议再使用防鲨网。
4．What can be the best title for the text？ A
A．Are shark nets necessary B．A new study on sea animals
C．Shark net programs D．Effective ways of avoiding sharks
解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲了研究发现海滩上设置的鲨鱼隔离网并不能达到预期的目的，反而弊大于利。故A项符合主旨。
Ⅱ. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For most Americans, plastic bags are a necessary part of any shopping trip. 1．G But plastic bags that end up in oceans and on beaches are harmful to fish, birds and other wildlife. Several cities around the U. S. have either banned single－use plastic bags, taxed them, or found other ways to limit their use. Those who support a bag tax say it encourages people to bring reusable bags. 2．D But critics argue that taxing the use of plastic bags puts unfair stress on low－income families. Here two students share their views.
Grant Gordinier,11, from San Diego, California, says，“ 3．E Every year, 485 billion plastic bags are not recycled. Some end up in the ocean and can cause harm to sea life. Placing a small tax on plastic bags might encourage shoppers to bring their own reusable bags to stores. Reusable bags would cut down on waste in the environment. Businesses would also save money by not having to provide as many plastic bags to customers. ”
However, Elle Belperio, 12，from Los Angeles, California, has different opinions. “ 4．B Some grocery stores have bins for shoppers to recycle used bags. Other stores reward individual efforts. They give a small refund (退款) every time a shopper uses his or her own bag. If you reuse and recycle your plastic bag properly, you will not be hurting the environment. I know many families reuse them to pick up after their dogs. 5．F Instead，the government should educate people in ways to reuse and recycle them. ”
A．New York City will also ban plastic bags.
B．There are many ways to reuse plastic bags.
C．In my home, we find many uses for the bags.
D．Besides, they think it helps cut down on waste.
E．Communities should limit the use of plastic bags.
F．I don’t think communities should tax plastic bags.
G．Many people seldom think of the bags’ influence on the en－vironment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。社区应该通过征税来限制塑料袋的使用吗？两名学生给出了他们的观点。
解析：
1．由该空后的“But plastic bags… are harmful to fish，birds and other wildlife. ”可知，G项“很多人很少会想到塑料袋对于环境的影响”符合此处语境。
2．由语境可知，此处承接上句阐述对塑料袋征税的另一个好处。故选D项。
3．由本段的描述可知，Grant Gordinier 支持对塑料袋征税，故E项内容“社区应该限制塑料袋的使用”符合此处语境。
4．由该空前的“has different opinions”以及该空后的“Some grocery stores have bins… Other stores reward individual efforts. ”可知，Elle Belperio持不同的观点，他认为有很多方法可以重复使用塑料袋。
5．由该段的描述和该空后的“Instead, the government should educate people in ways to reuse and recycle them. ”可知，Elle Belperio 不支持对塑料袋征税。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 1．that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2．poorly (poor) studied；however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3．of/for tracking polar bear popu－lations have been employed only since the mid－1980s，and are expensive 4．to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5．have reported (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6．belief (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7．noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8．higher (high) than they actually are. Of 9．the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining，six 10．are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广、监测设施费用高等原因，北极熊的数量难以准确估算，生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。
1．考查连词。该空前后均为句子，且空格后面的句子是对空格前名词evidence内容的解释说明，由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词，表陈述语气。故填that。
2．考查词性转换。该空前后为谓语成分 has been studied，应用副词修饰谓语动词。故填poorly。
3．考查介词。该空前为名词methods，空格后为动名词tracking，应填介词。可用of表所属关系，也可填介词for。
4．考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词are，应填动词的非谓语形式。根据be＋adj. ＋ to do结构可知应填to perform。
5．考查时态和语态。本句时间状语为in recent years，是现在完成时的标志，谓语时态为现在完成时；根据语境，主语Inuit people 与report之间为主动关系；people为复数，综上可知填have reported。
6．考查词性转换。该空前有冠词a，应填名词，believe的名词形式为belief。
7．考查非谓语动词。该空前为介词by，应填动名词doing形式，且scientists与 note之间为主动关系。故填noting。
8．考查形容词的比较级。该空后有than，应填形容词比较级形式。故填higher。
9．考查冠词。该空后为名词成分，根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围。故填the。
10．考查时态和语态。根据并列谓语动词的时态和语态一致原则可知，此处应用一般现在时的主动语态。故填are。(共21张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental protection
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
有关环境保护的文章
环保类作文的写作，一般要注重描述环境的现状，阐述环境对人类生存的重要性，并讨论加强环境保护的必要性。
具体写作时多运用夹叙夹议式的表达方法。根据题目所提供的信息，确定写作时的人称及时态，并结合现实中的实际情况，阐述环境的现状，就保护环境的必要性及重要性发表见解。
常用表达
1．Nowadays，… has become great concern of…
2．Everyone can do sth. for our environment.
3．Everyone can make a great difference to…
4．do great harm to…
5．contribute/lead to…
6．fight against pollution
7．…live in a safer and more comfortable environment
8．It is high time that we should take action.
写作模板
Lots of rubbish such as ________ can be seen floating on the river ________. There is no doubt that the rubbish ________, which is harmful to ________. Besides, it also ________.
In my view, ________, we can create a beautiful environment.
精品展示
假定你是某校高二学生李华，你校将举办城市环保宣传活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．垃圾的现状；
2．造成的危害；
3．提出倡议。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本次写作是一篇演讲稿，内容涉及环境保护的重要性；
2．确定人称：本文要用第_________人称；
3．确定时态：时态以_____________为主。
一、三
一般现在时
第二步 谋篇布局
首先：提出现象(河上漂浮着垃圾)；
其次：造成的危害(污染河水)；
最后：提出倡议。
第三步 核心词汇
1．______________演讲
2．_____________代表
3．___________导致
4．______________对……有害
5．___________只要
6．______________________对……做出贡献
make a speech
on behalf of
result in
be harmful to
as long as
make a contribution to
第四步 句式升级
1．在我们学校后面的河里几乎每天都能看到很多漂浮的垃圾。(被动语态)
Almost every day _________________________________ on the river behind our school.
lots of rubbish can be seen floating
2．毫无疑问，垃圾会导致河水污染，这对我们的健康有害。(There is no doubt that; which引导的非限制性定语从句)
_____________________ the rubbish results in the polluted water in the river, ___________________ our health.
3．只要我们能为保护地球做出贡献，我们就能创造一个美丽的环境。(as long as)
____________________________________________________,we can create a beautiful environment.
There is no doubt that
which is harmful to
As long as we can make a contribution to protecting the earth
参考范文：
Dear friends，
My name is Li Hua. I’m honored to make a speech here on behalf of my class.
Almost every day lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, litter, fruit peels can be seen floating on the river behind our school. There is no doubt that the rubbish results in the polluted water in the river, which is harmful to our health. Besides, it also pollutes our surroundings.
In my view, as long as we can make a contribution to protecting the earth, we can create a beautiful environment.
写作训练
假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份80词左右的演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1．目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；
2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利于健康等；
3．号召大家骑自行车，过低碳生活。
参考词汇：节能的energy-saving；低碳生活low-carbon life
Good morning，everyone. I’m Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Good morning，everyone，I’m Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.
As is known to all, cars have become the most popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
How can we solve these problems then？In my view, riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy－saving. For another, bicycles are environmentally－friendly because they won’t give off waste gas. What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
Therefore, let’s take the responsibility to build up a low－carbon city by riding bicycles. Only in this way can we do it e on and join us.
夯基提能作业(共96张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental protection
单元核心素养
语篇解读：随着人口的迅速增长和生产力的发展，科学技术的突飞猛进，工业及生活排放的废弃物不断地增多，从而使大气、水质、土壤污染日益严重，所以，维护生态平衡，保护环境是关系到人类生存、社会发展的根本性问题。
单元话题导读
People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes from cars. Statistics show that 93
percent of all auto trips are within cities. Another major source of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.
On the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before. The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes from iron，steel，chemical，and petroleum production add particles to the air.
The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy for traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode. In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the live of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.
词海拾贝
①fume n. 烟，气体
②statistics n. 统计数字
③trash n. 垃圾，废物
④petroleum n. 石油
⑤particle n. 微粒，颗粒
⑥corrode v. 腐蚀，侵蚀
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1．________ n. 图；图表；曲线图
2．___________ n. 排放物；散发物；排放
3．_______ vi. & vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化
4．_________ vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死
→_____________ n. 饿死；挨饿
5．__________ n. 生态；生态学
→____________ n. 生态学者；生态保护论者
6．__________ vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布
graph
emission
melt
starve
starvation
ecology
ecologist
release
7．_________ n. 碳
8．____________ adj. 适合居住的
→_____________ n. 居住；住所
9．__________ vt. 维持；遭受；承受住
→______________ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
10．_______ n. 燃料；刺激性言行
11．________________ adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的
12．___________ adv. 遍及全球地adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的
carbon
habitable
habitation
sustain
sustainable
fuel
comprehensive
worldwide
13．________ n. 趋势；趋向；动向
14．_____________ adv. 频繁地；经常
→___________ adj. 频繁的；时常发生的；惯常的
15．____________ vt. & vi. 播送；广播；传播 n. 广播节目；电视节目
16．_________ n. 政策；方针；原则
17．___________ vt. 限制；限定；束缚
→______________ n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
18．________ vt. 抓住；夺取；控制
trend
frequently
frequent
broadcast
policy
restrict
restriction
seize
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1．know ________ 了解
2．along _______连同……一起
3．_____ order to 为了
4．have an impact _____ 对……有影响
5．refer _____ 参考；涉及；指的是
about
with
in
on
to
6．result _____导致，结果是
7．_______ actions采取行动
8．pay ____ higher price付出更高的代价
9．map ______在地图上标出；筹划
10．take responsibility ______对……负责
in
take
a
out
for
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1．_________________________ Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。
2．Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, ____________________________________.
大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会吸收一些热量，使地球的气候温暖宜居。
There is little doubt that
keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable
3．_____________________, Earth could not sustain life.
没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。
4．There is strong and comprehensive evidence _______ the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, __________ causing serious damage, __________ costing human lives.
有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。
Without this process
that
not only
but also
Ⅳ．语篇解读
1．What’s the function of the first paragraph of the text？______
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To tell us climate change has been known for decades.
C．To show the evidence of climate change.
D．To confirm that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
A
2．Why is the photo of a dead polar bear mentioned？______
A．To describe how people were shocked.
B．To show how global warming influenced Earth’s ecology.
C．To study how the bear died.
D．To explain why the bear was starved to death.
B
3．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph？______
A．How global warming has come about.
B．The “greenhouse effect” has two common meanings.
C．The “natural”greenhouse effect is more important than the “man-made”greenhouse effect.
D．The “man-made”greenhouse effect has become a serious problem.
B
4．Why does climate change require the world’s attention？______
A．The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
B．News reports are often broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and losses.
C．Governments can force people to reduce “carbon footprint”.
D．It is affecting all of us on the planet and if it is left alone, we will pay an even higher price.
D
课内要点探究
She’s starving herself to try to lose weight.
她正在用节食的方法减轻体重。
These animals will starve to death if not given food soon.
这些动物不赶快喂些食物就会饿死。
She’s lonely，and starving for friendship.
她很寂寞，渴望友谊。
重 点 单 词
1．starve vi. &vt. (使)挨饿； 饿死；缺乏……的；急需……的
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth. 渴望获得某物；缺乏
starve to do sth. 渴望做某事
starvation n. 饿死
long for sth. 渴望某物
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望某物
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be dying for sth. 渴望某物
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
单句语法填空
①They’ll either die from the cold or starve _____ death.
②When will the dinner be ready We ______________ (starve).
③He looks forward to the day when no one will die of _____________ (starve).
to
are starving
starvation
完成句子
④Those poor children ____________ education.
那些贫穷的孩子们渴望教育。
⑤ A lot of people _________________ after the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies.
很多人在地震之后由于供给品的耽搁而被饿死了。
starve for
starved to death
The contraction of muscles uses energy and releases heat.
肌肉的收缩消耗能量并且排放热量。
They released the prisoners.
他们释放了俘虏。
When is the best moment to release the date of the election to the newspapers
什么时候是向报界透露选举日期的最好时机？
2．release vt. &n. 排放；释放；发布
release a book 发行书
release a new film 发行新影片
release information 透露消息
release from 从……释放
release… of 解除，使放出
release to 向……发行
单句语法填空
①The patient asked the doctor to give him something that would release him _______ his pain.
②The prisoner has served his sentence and ________________ (release) tomorrow.
③On the peak, she burst into tears, ____________ (release) all her emotions.
from
will be released
releasing
They had sufficient food to sustain life.
他们有足够维持生命的食物。
The company sustained losses of millions of dollars.
公司遭受了数百万元的巨大损失。
Arches sustain the weight of the roof.
拱形结构承受着屋顶的重量。
3．sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住
sustain the injury 受到伤害
sustain life 支撑生活
sustain losses 蒙受损失
sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
完成句子
①The problem was how to get enough food ________________.
问题在于如何找到足够的食物维持生命。
②The branches could hardly __________________________.
树枝已很难支撑水果的重量。
to sustain life
sustain the weight of fruit
The underlying trend of inflation is still upwards.
通货膨胀的潜在趋势仍然是上升的。
The youth like to follow the latest trends in fashion.
年轻人喜好追求最新的流行款式。
The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look.
现在的流行趋向于更自然而少化妆的外表。
4．trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向
set a/the trend 开风气之先，带领新潮流
follow the trend 赶时髦
the trend in… ……的时尚
the trend of… ……的形势
the trend to… ……的倾向
完成句子
①The event ____________________ public opinion.
这件事改变了舆论的趋向。
②There is __________________ earlier retirement.
提早退休者有增加的趋势。
changed the trend of
a growing trend to
She broadcasts on current affairs.
她发表时事广播演说。
The BBC broadcasts all over the world.
英国广播公司向全世界播送节目。
She listens to the English broadcast at 10∶00 every night.
每晚10∶00她收听英语广播。
5．broadcast vt. &vi. 播送；广播；传播n. 广播节目；电视节目
broadcast news 广播新闻
broadcast programme 广播节目
broadcast to (向……)传播，乱传
单句语法填空
①The concert __________________ (broadcast) live tomorrow evening.
②We don’t want ______________ (broadcast) our unhappiness to the world.
完成句子
③She _________________________ all her friends.
她向她所有的朋友传播了这个好消息。
will be broadcast
to broadcast
broadcast the good news to
In a move to restrict imports, the government raised custom duties.
政府在限制进口的措施中提高了关税。
Recent laws have tended to restrict the freedom of the press.
新法例有限制新闻自由的趋势。
You are restricted to eight liters of duty-free wine.
携带的免税酒不得超过八升。
6．restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚
restrict to 把……限制〔控制，保持〕
restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的
restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
单句语法填空
①Access to the club is restricted _____ members only.
②I restrict myself to __________ (smoke) two cigarettes a day.
③The government has agreed to lift _______________ (restrict) on press freedom.
to
smoking
restrictions
完成句子
④Their policy was to ____________________.
他们的政策是限制我们的发展。
⑤ The number of students per class _________________ 40．
每个班的学生人数被限定为40人。
restrict our growth
is restricted to
I decided to seize the opportunity to make success.
我决定抓住这个机会来获得成功。
I can’t quite seize your meaning.
我不太理解你的意思。
The enemy seized the town after a violent attack.
敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。
7．seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制
be seized with an illness 害病
seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize… by surprise 突袭……
seize on/upon 抓住，利用(借口等)
The boy seizes his girlfriend by the hand in the rain.
雨中男孩紧紧抓住他女朋友的手。
单句语法填空
①Only by __________ (seize)every minute can we finish it on time.
②Companies were quick to seize __________ the chance offered by new technology.
③While crossing the road, he often seizes his father by ______ arm.
④I seized him _____ surprise and he had no time to think of an excuse.
seizing
on/upon
the
by
The move is not expected to have an impact on the company’s employees.
预计这一行动对公司职员不会产生什么巨大的影响。
Our regional measures have had a significant impact on unemployment.
我们地区的措施对失业有重大影响。
重 点 短 语
1．have an impact on… 对……有影响
achieve/make an impact on 对……造成影响
make a difference to 对……有影响
单句语法填空
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact _____ our lives in many ways.
②What you do will make a difference _____ society, so behave well.
on
to
“In fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，”he said.
他说，事实上，传统也指一直在发展的和仍正在被创造的东西。
She always referred to Ben as “that nice man”.
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
2．refer to 提到，谈及，说起；查阅；有关，针对
What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
第三段划线词that指的是什么？
The new law doesn’t refer to land used for farming.
那条新法律并不涉及农业用地。
(1)refer to… as… 把……称作……
refer… to… 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)
(2) reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅
在表示“查阅”之意时，refer to后多接参考资料(字典，书籍等)；look up多接查询的内容。
单句语法填空
①While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer _____ the notes.
②You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for further ____________ (refer).
to
reference
完成句子
③No one ______________________________.
谁也没有提昨天吵架的事。
④The scientist ___________________________ the most exciting new development in this field.
这位科学家提到这一发现时，说这是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
referred to yesterday’s quarrel
referred to the discovery as
The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles.
谈判结果削减了导弹数量。
The accident resulted in three people being killed.
这一事故导致三人死亡。
3．result in导致
result in“导致”与lead to“导致”同义，且in与to皆为介词，两短语可互换。
result from因……而引起；因……而导致
as a result结果；因此(作状语)
as a/the result of由于……；因为……
without result毫无结果
单句语法填空
①His laziness resulted in his failure；that is to say, his failure resulted _______ his laziness.
②As we all know, success results _______ hard work and failure often lies _____ laziness.
from
from
in
完成句子
③____________, he had to leave his homeland.
结果，他不得不离开他的祖国。
④She was late ______________ snow.
她由于下雪而来迟了。
As a result
as a result of
句中There is no/little doubt that… 表示“毫无疑问；无疑”，后接一个that引导的同位语从句。当doubt前有否定词修饰时，其后常接that引导的同位语从句；当doubt前无否定词修饰时，其后常接whether引导的同位语从句。此外，There is doubt后也可以接介词about/as to引导的短语。
重 点 句 型
1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和(见图)。
There is no doubt that our team will win the match.
毫无疑问，我们队将赢得比赛。
There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问他会成功。
There is some doubt (as to/about) whether Peter will come on time.
彼得是否会按时来还是个问题。
There is little doubt that he will succeed.
他肯定会成功。
There is no question… ……是没有问题的。
There is no reason… 没有理由……
There is no need/hope/possibility that… 没有必要/希望/可能……
It’s no wonder that… 难怪……
It’s no good/use doing… 做……没有好处/用处。
单句语法填空
①There is little doubt _______ it is vital for us to deal with e-waste properly.
②There is some doubt __________we should direct our attention at the fundamental question.
that
whether
③He doubted _____________ he would learn anything valuable from Marie.
④(2021·高考甲卷)I have no doubt _______ the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.
⑤If you have any doubt ________ your health, you’d better consult your doctor at once.
whether/if
that
about
完成句子
⑥____________________________(毫无疑问) this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
⑦_______________________________ (对是否……有一些疑问) their football team will win the match.
There is little/no doubt that
There is some doubt about whether
2．Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会吸收一些热量，使地球的气候温暖宜居。
句中keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable作结果状语。
When he was a little boy, his parents died, leaving him an orphan.
在他很小的时候父母就去世了，他成了孤儿。
It has been raining for several weeks, causing the roads to be destroyed.
大雨下了几周，导致路被毁掉。
现在分词作结果状语往往表示必然结果或者顺理成章的结果；而不定式作结果状语往往表示没有想到的结果。
I got to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
我赶到火车站，不料被告知火车已开走了。
单句语法填空
①The setting sun was reflected on the river, _________ (make) everything along the banks look all the more beautiful.
②He kept trying on thing after another，only _________ (fail) each time.
making
to fail
此句为虚拟语气句，without引起虚拟语气。Without this process＝If there were not this process，是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。后面的句子使用了would be表示与现在事实相反的结果。
Without water, fish wouldn’t live.
没有水，鱼不能活。
Without your help, we would have failed.
如果没有你的帮助，我们肯定会失败的。
3．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。
很多情况下表示虚拟的假设并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过上下文，利用but for，or，otherwise等介词(短语)或连词来表示，这就是所谓的含蓄虚拟语气。
But for your help, I would have failed the exam.
要不是你的帮助，我考试一定会不及格的。
完成句子
①I was not listening to the teacher，or else I ____________________ his questions.
我没听老师讲课，不然我就回答他的问题了。
②Without air，there ____________ any living things on the earth.
没有空气，地球上就不会有生物。
would have answered
wouldn’t be
4．There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。
句中that引导一个同位语从句，修饰evidence。not only… but also… 用作并列连词，意为“不但……而且……”，连接两个分词短语作状语。
They not only broke into his office but(also) tore up his papers.
他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。
Not only he but also I am responsible for it.
不仅他而且我也有责任。
Not only does he study hard，but also he is clever.
他不仅学习刻苦，而且还很聪明。
(1)not only… but also… 相当于not just… but also… ，其中also可以省略，它连接的往往是平行成分，常用来连接两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等，在含义上强调后者。相同的意思还可用以下词组表达：not merely… but also，not only… but… as well，not only… but… too等。
(2)连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的数必须和就近的主语保持一致。
(3)连接两个分句时，not only放在句首，第一个分句需要部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
(4)就近原则：作主语的两个名词或代词由or，either… or，neither… nor，not only… but(also)，not… but… 等连接时，谓语动词的数通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
单句语法填空
①Not only the USA and Russia but also China ______ (have)sent up manned satellites to circle the earth.
②Not only _______ he want to set up a new school，but also he wants to give some money to the poor.
has
does
完成句子
③He ______________________________________ writes English well.
他不但英语说得很流利，而且写得很好。
④______________________ is tired of having one examination after another.
不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。
not only speaks English fluently but also
Not only you but also he
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．You can’t see your sister _________ (挨饿)without trying to help her!
2．__________ (放开) the dog. He has been chained up for hours.
3．Running costs are coming down because of cheaper _______ (燃料).
4．Will this light shelf __________ (承受)the weight of all these books
5．The rise in violent crime is a disturbing new ________ (趋势).
starve
Release
fuel
sustain
trend
6．I listen to the sports news ____________ (广播) on the radio station every day.
7．The long skirt _____________ (限制了) her movements.
8．The government must make new ___________ (政策) to reduce unemployment.
9．We must ________ (抓住) all opportunities to accelerate development.
10．Buses run _____________ (频繁地) from the city to the airport.
broadcast
restricted
policies
seize
frequently
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．Millions will face _____________ (starve) next year as a result of the drought.
2．You can be released _______ prison early for good behaviour.
3．He broadcast the secret _____ the whole school.
4．Speed is restricted _____ 30 mph in towns.
5．He seized Mary by ______ arm when she wanted to leave.
6．The computer had made a great impact _____ modern life.
starvation
from
to
to
the
on
7．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____________ (refer) to his notes.
8．Scientists have obtained more evidence _______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
9．The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days，thus __________ (ruin) our plan for a picnic.
10．Not only you but also he _____ (be) responsible for it.
referring
that
ruining
is
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been _________________________ in recent years.
2．毫无疑问，好事情会来的，当它来的时候，会是一个惊喜。
_____________________ the good thing will come, and when it comes，it will be a surprise.
getting warmer and warmer
There is no doubt that
3．西方的节日对中国的文化有影响吗？
Does Western festivals ________________________Chinese culture
4．在一些地区，乱丢垃圾很常见，对我们的生活和环境造成了负面影响。
In some areas，littering is quite common, ________________________ our life and the environment.
have an impact/effect on
causing a negative impact on
5．那个精力充沛的人通过为一家公司设计软件获得了高额利润。
The dynamic man made high profits ______________________ for a firm.
6．没有那位老师的鼓励，我不可能一直保持斗志。
______________________________________, I couldn’t have kept my spirit up.
by designing software
Without the encouragement of the teacher
Ⅳ．课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth 1.____________ (get) warmer and warmer. The “man-made”greenhouse effect has contributed to the climate change.
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to 2._____ increase in extreme weather and natural 3.____________ (disaster) worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that 4._____ we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will 5.___________(probable) continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
is getting
an
disasters
if
probably
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result6._____ further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate，7.________ requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 8.___________ (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions.
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.________ (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our 10._________________(responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
in
which
to reduce
restricting
responsibility
解析：
1．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：几乎没有疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是Earth。故填is getting。
2．考查冠词。句意：有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加……此处表泛指，用不定冠词；increase以元音音素开头。故用冠词an。
3．考查名词复数。disaster表示“灾难”时为可数名词，空前无代词、冠词。故用复数。natural disasters“自然灾害”。
4．考查状语从句。句意：气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，(人们)将付出更高的代价。if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。
5．考查词性转换。修饰动词continue，应该用副词形式。
6．考查介词。句意：持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化……result in“导致”。
7．考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指前边的整件事。故用which。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：(各国)政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
9．考查动名词。句意：作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。by doing sth. 意思为“通过做某事”。
10．考查词性转换。句意：我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。由形容词性物主代词our可以判断，此空填名词，表示“责任”。故用responsibility。
夯基提能作业Unit 3 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16 ℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past one hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources (资源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了热带雨林的功能以及给人类带来的好处。
1．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they D .
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16 ℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
解析：细节理解题。从第一段第二句话可知“热带雨林能吸收太阳的热量”。故答案为D。
2．What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to？ A
A．We will lose much more than we can gain.
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C．People have a strong desire for resources.
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
解析：词义猜测题。从第三段后面的说明中可知人们失去的会比得到的多。故答案为A。
3．It can be inferred from the text that B .
A．we can get enough resources without rainforests
B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
解析：推理判断题。从最后一段的数字可知热带雨林中有着丰富的“药材”。故答案为B。
4．What might be the best title for the text？ C
A．How to Save Rainforests
B．How to Protect Nature
C．Rainforests and the Environment
D．Rainforests and Medical Development
解析：标题归纳题。本文是在向读者介绍热带雨林减少会对环境造成的影响，呼吁人们要保护热带雨林，进而保护整个人类生存的环境。故答案为C。
Ⅱ. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is your favourite colour Do you like yellow, orange or red 1．C Do you prefer greys and blues Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. 2．A If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
3．F A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 4．B A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
5．D It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A．They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow up—we are born with our preference.
B．On the other hand, black is depressing.
C．If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life.
D．Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
E．Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
F．Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it.
G．The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你最喜欢什么颜色？心理学家告诉我们亮色使人精力充沛，而暗色让人压抑。
解析：
1．根据上句“你喜欢黄色、橙色和红色吗？”以及空后提到的喜欢灰色的人比较内向，常常扮演服从者的角色可推断出此处表示喜欢这类明亮颜色的人应该乐观积极，会扮演领导者的角色。故选C。
2．心理学家告诉我们，我们生来就有自己喜欢的颜色。故选A。
3．文章提到黄色让人开心放松，红色让人在悲伤的冬日感到温暖快乐，又说到泰晤士河上的黑色的大桥是很多人自杀的地方，故本段在讲颜色的确会影响我们的心情。故选F。
4．空前提到黄色和红色带给人的积极的影响而空后说到泰晤士河上的黑色的大桥是很多人自杀的地方，因此此处应为过渡句，应表示另一方面，即黑色给人压抑、沮丧的感觉。故选B。
5．下句说到当机器被粉刷成橙色时，工人的工作效率更高，事故更少，最后还是在肯定亮色对人们的积极影响。故选D。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
I enjoy photographing everything in nature, especially wild horses. I first 1．C Alberta’s wild horses 20 years ago. Ever since, I had wanted to see and photograph them. A friend of mine, who loves wild animals, got to know my 2．A and last year, I was lucky enough to be invited to see the wild horses in the Williams Creek area of Alberta with him. It was an amazing 3．B .
On our first visit we 4．D more than 100 horses. Since then, we have been back to the same area three more times.
One time, while taking photos of a herd (群) of around 30 horses, I didn’t 5．B that not 20 feet away, a young horse was sleeping behind a tree. Suddenly, he 6．A , jumped up and just stood there 7．D me to take photos of him. As I was photographing him, the herd stud (种马) noticed how 8．B the little horse was to me and came running over, snaking his neck with his ears back, as if warning the young horse, “Danger, get away！” The young horse didn’t seem to understand what he was being told and didn’t 9．A , until his mom came over to get him. I didn’t feel unsafe at all by the horse being close to me and 10．B taking photos.
Another time, I 11．C to take photos of a young horse running and jumping for the joy of it. He was having 12．A all by himself while the rest of his herd ate grass peacefully — it made me feel 13．C .
Having been out with the wild animals several times now, I hope to 14．D again — as often as possible! They give me complete peace of mind. I’m thankful for having the chance to spend time with them. These horses are born wild and 15．A , and should always remain so.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢摄影，尤其喜欢拍摄野马。多次拍摄野马的经历不仅让作者了解了野马的天性，而且意识到野马应该自由自在地生活在大自然中。
1．A．followed B．found
C．heard about D．worried about
解析：由下文中的“I had wanted to see and photograph them”以及“be invited to see the wild horses in the Williams Creek area of Alberta with him”可知，20年前“我”第一次“听说(heard about)”(加拿大)阿尔伯塔省的野马。
2．A．wish B．promise
C．suggestion D．problem
解析：设空处指作者想去看阿尔伯塔省的野马并给它们拍照的心愿，wish符合语境。
3．A．relationship B．experience
C．opinion D．lesson
解析：由上文中的“I was lucky enough to be invited to see the wild horses”可知，朋友请“我”和他一起去看阿尔伯塔省的野马。那是一次奇妙的“经历(experience)”。
4．A．raised B．led
C．protected D．saw
解析：由上文中的“to see”以及本句中的“our first visit”可知，我们第一次去那儿“见到(saw)”100多匹野马。
5．A．believe B．realize
C．accept D．imagine
解析：由下文中的“Suddenly”可知，“我”没有“注意到(realize)”有一匹马驹在树后面睡觉。
6．A．awoke B．ran
C．fell D．walked
解析：由上文中的“a young horse was sleeping behind a tree”以及本句中的“Suddenly, he 6 , jumped up and just stood there”可知，突然，那匹马驹“醒来了(awoke)”。
7．A．teaching B．warning
C．asking D．allowing
解析：由下文中的“As I was photographing him”以及“The young horse didn’t seem to understand what he was being told”可知，马驹站在那里“让(allowing)”“我”给它拍照。
8．A．important B．close
C．strange D．special
解析：由“as if warning the young horse, ’Danger, get away！’”以及下文中的“by the horse being close to me”可知，种马注意到马驹离“我”很“近(close)”。它似乎在警告马驹，“有危险(Danger)，离开这里！”。
9．A．move B．look
C．come D．stay
解析：由“The young horse didn’t seem to understand what he was being told”可知，那匹马驹一直都没“动(move)”，直到母马来“接(get)”它。
10．A．avoided B．kept
C．stopped D．regretted
解析：由本句中的“I didn’t feel unsafe at all by the horse being close to me”可知，“我”“一直(kept)”拍摄。
11．A．agreed B．forgot
C．managed D．failed
解析：由上文中的“One time, while taking photos of a herd (群) of around 30 horses”以及本句中的“Another time”可知，有一次，“我”“试图(managed)”拍摄一匹欢腾的马驹。
12．A．fun B．power
C．interests D．chances
解析：由上文中的“running and jumping for the joy of it”可知，马驹很欢快，fun符合语境。
13．A．lost B．lonely
C．relaxed D．excited
解析：由上文中的“joy” “peacefully”以及下文中的“They give me complete peace of mind. ”可知，此处表示这个场景让“我”感到很“放松(relaxed)”。
14．A．attend B．choose
C．remember D．visit
解析：由上文中的“our first visit”以及本句中的“again”可知，“我”希望再去看看那些野马，visit符合语境。
15．A．free B．similar
C．nervous D．unsafe
解析：由上文中的“a young horse was sleeping behind a tree. Suddenly… and just stood there”以及“a young horse running and jumping for the joy (欢乐) of it”和“the rest of his herd ate grass peacefully”可知，那些野马天性“自由(free)”狂野。
Ⅳ. 应用文写作
大熊猫是中国的国宝。请根据下列提示写一篇英语短文，介绍大熊猫。
1．大熊猫是中国的稀有动物，也是世界稀有动物之一；
2．大熊猫生长在山里，以竹笋为食；由于山林遭到破坏，竹子被砍伐，觅食越来越困难，濒临灭绝；
3．我国已经建立数个自然保护区，但需要更多的资金；
4．希望大家伸出援助之手来保护它们。
注意：词数80左右。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
The giant panda is a rare animal in China, and also one of the rare animals in the world.
The giant panda lives in the mountains, which feeds on bamboo shoots. With forests being destroyed and bamboos cut down，it’s difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves. To protect pandas，China has set up some nature reserves，but more money is needed to carry out this important rescue project.
We hope that people will lend a helping hand to save the giant pandas.
