Unit 2 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly dizzy (头晕目眩的) and disoriented.
2．I must ask the dentist (牙医) to fit me with some new teeth.
3．When was the last time you were even on a skateboard (滑板)
4．A dynamic (充满活力的) government is necessary to meet the demands of a changing society.
5．Praise always stimulates (激发) him to further efforts.
6．The virus (病毒) is not passed on through touching or shaking hands.
7．Many people are now having trouble making their monthly(每月的) house payments.
8．He made many efforts to enhance (提高) his reputation.
9．The long sleep had refreshed (使恢复精力) her.
10．The study of the English language absorbed (吸引) all his attention.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．Praise stimulated her to work (work) hard.
2．They are absorbed in the experiment.
3．I refreshed myself with a glass of coffee after studying for an hour.
4．The bus stopped to pick up the passengers.
5．So, what can sufferers(suffer) do while they are moving towards recovery
6．He joined us in the discussion yesterday.
7．In 1907, after working with backward students, she was given a chance to try out her ideas on children.
8．English is so important that we need to learn it well.
9．How about showing (show) that we are not satisfied
10．Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
When international students arrive on campus，they are amazed at invitations to a variety of welcome events. The first few weeks are jam packed with opportunities to meet new people：both international students and locals. You probably are aware that there will be cultural differences，but most people don’t realize that one of the biggest differences may be when it comes to eating. American dining habits are quite different than many other countries abroad，so here’s a little preview of what to expect.
In many countries lunch－time is a sacred meal：a time when families come together to eat a hearty meal. However，as you will soon notice，lunch is not the most important meal of the day in the US. For most people lunch－time is squeezed in where it can be，the 30 minutes given to them by their job or before their next class. It is quite common to see people eating outside，wherever they can，or even having food with them to snack on during the day.
Another big shock for many when they arrive in the US is the “doggy bag” culture. “Doggy bag” culture refers to the fact that when you go out to eat at a restaurant and do not finish your meal (because the portions are huge！) you can ask for a box to take the leftover food home.
The idea of tipping in the US is supposed to be an act of generosity. If you have found your favorite restaurant near campus and want to become a regular customer，make sure to tip at every visit or you may not get the best service the next time you go. It is important to note that at fast food restaurants tips are not expected，and it is usually at any sit－down restaurant.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。饮食习惯在世界各地迥异，读读此文，看看如何做到像一个地道的美国人去餐馆就餐。
1．According to Paragraph 1，international students arrive on campus in the US may feel A .
A．surprised B．nervous
C．embarrassed D．upset
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“they are amazed at invitations to a variety of welcome events”可知，初到美国的国际生看到各种各样的欢迎活动会惊讶不已。故选A项。
2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2？ D
A．Most American people consider lunch－time serious.
B．Most American people are too busy to have a good meal.
C．Many people in other countries have a quick meal during lunch－time.
D．Americans eating on the street or eating on the go is common.
解析：细节理解题。第二段首先介绍了其他国家的人非常看重午餐，然后介绍了美国人却不重视午餐。该段最后一句又点明，在外面吃饭很常见。综上可推知，D项正确。
3．What does the “doggy bag” culture mean？ C
A．Eat less when you are in a hurry.
B．Culture shock is like a big bag.
C．Take unfinished food home.
D．Bring a bag while eating.
解析：推理判断题。文章第三段介绍了另外一个文化冲击，在美国，人们把没有吃完的食物带回家。所以“doggy bag” culture是指饭馆把客人吃剩的菜打包以便让客人带回家这种文化。故选C项。
4．What can we know from the last paragraph？ C
A．It is requested that you give the tip at fast food restaurants.
B．Tipping is thought to be an act of being a gentlemen.
C．You’d better tip at every visit at your regular restaurant.
D．No tipping is not permitted in the US restaurants.
解析：推理判断题。最后一段主要讲在美国就餐后付小费的习俗。根据最后一段第二句中的“make sure to tip at every visit or you may not get the best service the next time you go”可知，想要受到礼遇，作为一个常客，你最好每次去都付小费。故选C项。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese tea is good for cleaning our digestive system. From time 1．to time, we would like to have a cup of Chinese tea after 2．a meal. Sometimes, we use Chinese tea for cooking, especially tea eggs.
Tea eggs, a popular Chinese food, 3．are sold (sell) along the busy sidewalk or at a market food stand. It is not only a quick and delicious way to fill up your stomach, 4．but a unique way to learn Chinese culture of food.
Chinese tea eggs are easy to make. Simply prepare some 5．boiled (boil) eggs. Gently tap the egg shells with the back of a teaspoon and crack the shells. Next, 6．carefully (careful) place the cracked eggs in the pot with marinade (卤汁) and boil for about 15 minutes. Then let the eggs soak (浸泡) in the 7．mixture (mix) for about 4 hours, 8．which makes the eggs have enough flavor. The dark color of the marinade gives the egg a marbled effect. Before 9．serving (serve), gently reheat the eggs with the marinade.
Although a tea egg comes from China and 10．has (have) much to do with Chinese cuisine (烹饪), other similar recipes have been developed throughout Asia.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。茶叶蛋美味又营养，那么你了解茶叶蛋的制作方法吗？
解析：
1．考查介词。from time to time意为“不时，偶尔，间或”，是固定搭配。故填to。
2．考查冠词。meal是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指。故填a。
3．考查动词的时态和语态。Tea eggs与sell之间是动宾关系，且表示一般事实，要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are sold。
4．考查连词。not only … but (also) … 意为“不仅……而且……”，是固定搭配。故填 but。
5．考查词性转换。此处要用形容词修饰名词eggs，boiled “煮沸的”。故填boiled。
6．考查词性转换。place是动词，要用副词修饰。故填carefully。
7．考查词性转换。根据空格前的in the并结合语境可知此处应填名词。故填mixture。
8．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。
9．考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时用动名词形式。故填serving。
10．考查主谓一致。have much to do with意为“与……有很大关系”，根据前文中的comes，可知此处要用一般现在时的单数形式。故填has。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
(2021·河北邢台高二期末)
A woman who had a stroke (中风) while on a FaceTime video call with her sister, said the technology saved her life. Esmee Russell, head of the Stroke Association, said，“A stroke can happen to anyone, at any age, at any time. That’s why it’s so important that people know how to act fast: it could save a life. ” Strokes happen when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off by a clot (凝块)，or damaged by bleeding that causes brain cells in the affected area to die.
Opokua Kwapong, who lives alone in New York, was on a call with her sister, Adumea Sapong, in Manchester, when Mrs Sapong noticed that her elder sister “didn’t look right”. And she also noticed her sister’s voice was slurred (口齿不清). Ms Kwapong said she had not realised how serious the situation was.
The 58－year－old Kwapong had woken from an afternoon sleep when Mrs Sapong called her on FaceTime. Ms Kwapong said, “My sister looked at me and said she could see that my face didn’t look right. She also said that I was slurring my words，but I thought she was making a fuss (大惊小怪) and I didn’t believe her. ”
Mrs Sapong said when she called Kwapong，she said that she had not been feeling well and had been feeling tired and was also having some difficulty walking. “I said，’Perhaps you need to take some medicine. ’ She tried to pick up a glass of water and wasn’t able to. Then I noticed on the FaceTime video call that her face was drooping. I told her she needed to hang up and immediately see a doctor. She thought I was making a fuss so I then called one of my other sisters, who is a doctor, and she could hear her speaking and could also tell that her speech was slurred. We both told her to call for help at once. ”
Paragraph 1：
Ms Kwapong hung up the call and then dialed the emergency services. ________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Ms Kwapong said，“There is no doubt that the Internet and technology saved my life. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Ms Kwapong hung up the call and then dialed the emergency services. The ambulance rushed to her house and nurses sent her to hospital. In hospital, Ms Kwapong was diagnosed with stroke and should stay at hospital for at least one week. Her sister Adumea Sapong looked after her. Her doctor said she was lucky to receive treatment quickly or she could have had much trouble.
Paragraph 2：
Ms Kwapong said, “There is no doubt that the Internet and technology saved my life. If my sister had not noticed that something was not right，then things could have been so different. Not only did technology save my life, it now also allows me to live my life. I rely a lot on FaceTime as I am not able to travel as much as I did previously. You hear a lot of negative stories about the Internet and technology，but I think this is an example of how technology can help us in daily life. ”Unit 2 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Why do Chinese people love hot pot so much？As the winter months are coming in, more and more people are sitting around a table enjoying this kind of traditional meal. I find myself wondering what it is about this traditional meal, which has existed for more than 1,000 years. What makes it a Chinese food favorite It seems that the answer lies beyond the dish itself.
Hot pot isn’t just designed to keep you warm during the cold months; it’s also a social experience. It’s a “theater” cooked food that turns a meal into an event. There is a lot of fun for everyone to have in adding some foods to the hot pot.
Hot pot is eaten over two to three hours. For this reason, it is often considered an evening’s entertainment, and a time to spend with friends and families. However, many Westerners would be put off by the idea of other people sticking chopsticks in their food. When we come to eat at the table in the UK，we often have our own shares，although the experience is still a social one.
A similar experience to the hot pot can be found in Korean barbecue restaurants，which let you cook your own meat. This allows people to have their meat done however they want.
For most Westerners, the idea of going to a restaurant to cook their own food is very strange. But having a go, I find it’s now one of my favorite meals in Beijing. The steam from the pot left my clothes smelling of food when I got home, but perhaps this was also part of the experience. When the cold wind is blowing outside, I am sitting around with my good friends, eating and drinking. For me it’s like a dinner party where my taste buds (味蕾) and my appetite are equally satisfied in the warm company of friends.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。火锅作为中国特有的食物形式，不仅受到国人的喜爱，就连外国友人也赞不绝口呢！
1．What is the main reason why hot pot is popular in China？ B
A．It has a history of over 1,000 years.
B．It is a fun social experience.
C．It serves people with many kinds of foods.
D．It keeps people very warm in winter.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，吃火锅不仅仅能使你的身体在寒冷的月份里保持温暖，它也是一次社交经历。故选B。
2．How long do people spend in enjoying the traditional meal？ C
A．More than four hours. B．Over one hour.
C．About three hours. D．All the evening.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，吃火锅的时间大约为两到三个小时。故选C。
3．We can conclude from the article that British people generally C .
A．enjoy cooking their own food in restaurants
B．prefer a Korean barbecue to Chinese hot pot
C．don’t like sharing food with others in restaurants
D．don’t mind the smell of food staying on their clothes
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句可知西方人并不喜欢别人把筷子放在自己的食物上，他们更喜欢一人一份分餐吃。故选C。
4．What is the author’s attitude to hot pot？ D
A．Serious. B．Tired.
C．Humorous. D．Appreciative.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段最后两句可知作者是很喜欢火锅的。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Save Time
We all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring－clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on.
1．F But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.
Get Out of Bed Earlier
If you normally get up at 7: 30 am, try getting up at 7：00 am. That half－hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you’ve been meaning to finish. 2．G
Do the Important Tasks First
Once you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones). You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.
3．D The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones.
Reduce Interruptions
If colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing，you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter. Constant interruptions don’t just eat up time, they also break your concentration.
When you’ve got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voice mail. 4．C Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.
5．A
A few minutes chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day.
When you’re working, work. If your concentration is slipping, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit. And if you’re facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it’s easier to deal with.
A．Stay Focused on Your Work
B．Take Breaks When Necessary
C．If you have an office door, close it.
D．If you work like this, you’ll usually save time.
E．Would you want me to make your day longer
F．I can’t magically make all your days 25 hours long.
G．Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是如何节约时间，比如早起，首先做重要的事情，减少中断和专心工作等。
解析：
1．考查上下文衔接。根据后文“But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter. ”(但是我能帮你找到更多的时间做那些重要的事情。)可知这里是：我不能魔术般地让你一天变成25个小时，前后句之间为转折关系。故选F。
2．考查语篇逻辑。根据前文“to exercise, to read that book… ”(去锻炼，去阅读)可知，或者沉着有组织地开始你的一天。故选A。
3．考查语篇逻辑。本段的主旨是“Do the Important Tasks First”(首先要做重要的事情)及文中的“The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones. ”(急事会得到解决，你也不会错过重要的事情。)可知如果你这样做的话，就会节约时间。故选D。
4．考查上下文衔接。根据下句“ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation. ”(带上耳麦人们就不可能会搭讪。)可知如果你的办公室有门，请关上它。故选C。
5．考查主旨概括。根据本段“When you’re working, work. If your concentration is slipping, take a proper break”(当你工作的时候，就工作。如果你走神了，就适当休息一会)可知“集中你的注意力在工作上”作标题最合适。故选A。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it became a picnic.
With three young children to bring up, my husband John and I were very 1．C . “Can we go on a picnic, Mom？” my six－year－old daughter, Becky 2．A . “Please. ” I had said no so many times in recent months, and I decided the usual Saturday morning chores could 3．D . To her surprise, I agreed.
I prepared a few sandwiches and 4．B a cooler with ice and drinks and called John at work.
My eleven－year－old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some 5．C time together as a family.
About the time I got the lunch 6．B out on the table, John arrived on the scene. That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. The meal was full of 7．D . We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months. John and the boys 8．C rocks into the lake, Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table, 9．B God for blessing me with such a wonderful family.
That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks. It 10．D me what a wonderful life I had. As I walked out of the room it dawned on me that even the busiest 11．B could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you 12．A . Even though kids have now grown up and 13．C from home, I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table.
Maybe today would be a good time to cook potato salad, call all of my 14．D kids, feed some hungry ducks and skipped a few rocks into the lake. Since life is like potato salad, let’s make it a 15．A .
语篇解读： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述作者回忆与孩子一家人去郊游的事情，阐述了一个道理，在忙的时候也要抽时间与家人一起享受美好的时光。
1．A．patient B．old
C．occupied D．poor
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有三个孩子要抚养，我和丈夫都很忙。patient耐心的；old老的；occupied繁忙的；poor贫穷的。根据前文“With three young children to bring up”，有三个孩子要养，所以很忙碌。故选C。
2．A．begged B．doubted
C．asked D．wondered
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我六岁的女儿Becky祈求道，可不可以去郊游。begged去祈求；doubted怀疑；asked问；wonder想知道。根据后文“please”可知，女儿在祈求作者。故选A。
3．A．last B．approach
C．relax D．wait
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在最近的几个月里说了很多次不同意，因此我决定把平时周六上午的家务活暂时放一边。last持续；approach靠近；relax放松；wait等待。根据文章可知，作者打算把家务活挪到另一个时间。故选D。
4．A．supplied B．filled
C．connected D．compared
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我准备了一些三明治，在冷却器里装满了冰和饮料，打电话给上班的丈夫。supplied提供；filled充满；connected连接；compared比较。根据文章可知，本句为短语fill sth. with sth. 用某物填满。故选B。
5．A．unhappy B．quantity
C．quality D．unfortunate
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我十一岁的双胞胎儿子把冷却器和郊游用的篮子搬上车里，作为一家人有质量地聚在一起。unhappy不愉快的；quantity数量；quality质量；unfortunate不幸的。根据文章可知，作者很重视这次郊游，因而是有质量的时间。故选C。
6．A．cooked B．spread
C．taken D．made
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们把午饭在桌上摆好之后，我丈夫正好赶到。cooked烹饪；spread传播，散开；taken拿，带；made做。根据文章可知，作者在郊外准备吃午饭，因此是把午饭拿出来放在桌上摆好。故选B。
7．A．communication B．expectation
C．hope D．laughter
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这顿饭充满了笑声。communication交流；expectation期望；hope希望；laughter笑声。根据前文“That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. ”可知，这顿饭大家吃的最开心。故选D。
8．A．missed B．took
C．skipped D．left
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫和孩子们在滑石头到水里，Becky在喂鸭子，而我安静地坐在桌子旁，感谢上帝为我带了这么好的一家子。missed错过，想念；took带；skipped滑；left离开。根据后文“skipped a few rocks into the lake. ”可知，作者丈夫在滑石片到水里。故选C。
9．A．trusting B．thanking
C．praising D．praying
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫和孩子们在滑石头到水里，Becky在喂鸭子，而我安静地坐在桌子旁，感谢上帝为我带了这么好的一家子。trusting信任；thanking感谢；praising赞美；praying祈祷。根据文章可知，作者很感谢有这么好的一家人。故选B。
10．A．refreshed B．questioned
C．beat D．hit
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起我有一个很美好的生活。refreshed刷新；questioned质疑；beat击打；hit想起。根据文章可知，作者吻了孩子的脸颊，提醒自己有很好的生活。故选D。
11．A．lifestyle B．time
C．world D．occupation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走出房间，我突然意识到，即使是最繁忙的时间也可以和你爱的人一起去郊游。lifestyle生活方式；time时间；world世界；occupation职业。根据文章可知，作者很忙。故选B。
12．A．love B．enjoy
C．own D．have
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走出房间，我突然意识到，即使是最繁忙的时间也可以和你爱的人一起去郊游。love爱；enjoy享受；own拥有；have有。根据文章可知，作者很爱孩子和丈夫。故选A。
13．A．left alone B．left behind
C．moved away D．ran away
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使孩子们长大了，离开了这个家，我依然记得那一天。left alone不管；left behind遗留；moved away搬走；ran away逃跑。根据本句可知，孩子们长大了，要搬出去住。故选C。
14．A．handsome B．young
C．mature D．grown
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许今天是一个很好的日子做土豆沙拉，打电话给孩子们叫他们回来，喂鸭子等事情。handsome英俊的；young年轻的；mature成熟的；grown长大了的。根据前文可知，孩子们长大了。故选D。
15．A．picnic B．salad
C．life D．purpose
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活就像一份土豆沙拉，让我们一起带着这份土豆沙拉出去郊游吧。picnic郊游；salad沙拉；life生活；purpose目的。根据文章可知，作者讲述一家人出去郊游的美好。故选A。
Ⅳ. 应用文写作
假设你是李华，加拿大一所学校将于今年寒假组织学生来你校访问。其间，Tom Smith 将借住你家。请你代表全家写信给Tom，欢迎他的到来，并告知有关事宜：
1．上午：参加学校活动；
2．下午：游览市区，参观名胜；
3．晚上：看电视，玩游戏，聊天。
注意：1．信的格式已给出；
2．词数80左右；
3．可以适当增加细节，使文章连贯。
参考词汇：安排 arrange
Dear Tom，
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay in my home.
My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you what we have arranged for you. I know that the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon, I’ll show you around the city and take you to visit some places of interest. We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening. We can watch TV, play games and chat with friends. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time.
I’m looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li HuaUnit 2 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．Drug abuse (滥用) also may lead to such symptoms.
2．Women are no longer dominated (控制) by the men in their relationships.
3．They agree to facilitate (使便利) the progressive development of trade between their two countries.
4．I examined (检查) the door and found it was locked.
5．You can’t learn anything with negative (消极的) attitude.
6．He will expect some reward (奖励)after working so hard.
7．I majored in psychology (心理学) at Hunter College.
8．Our soldiers showed perfect discipline (纪律) under heavy fire from the enemy’s guns.
9．Dreiser’s novels reveal a stream of pessimistic (悲观的) emotion.
10．Why do I have to take all these pills (药丸)
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．They had the ambition to dominate (dominate) this small country.
2．They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog.
3．She made a thorough examination (examine) of the door.
4．He had become pessimistic about the war and his own career.
5．Smoking could lead to irregular heartbeats
6．Confusingly, blind people also respond to the light.
7．(天津高考)It never distinguishes between humans based (base) on age or race.
8．He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if waking (wake) up after a long sleep.
9．What surprised me most was that the thin girl won three gold medals.
10．There is a real danger that some museums will attempt to entertain rather than educate.
Ⅲ. 选词填空
lead to, in response to, decide on, rely on, replace with,
prevent… from, straight away, take steps
1．These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
2．Now that you have graduated from college, you should not rely on your parents any more.
3．When you see someone choked, you must give him first aid straight away.
4．After graduating from university, my sister decided on a career in publishing.
5．She is not content with her present life and wishes to take steps to improve it.
6．His carelessness led to the accident on his way home.
7．I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event.
8．The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning himself to the Internet.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2021·河南濮阳高二期末)
Many people believe eating healthily is expensive and more costly than buying junk foods. But our new research, published in the BMC Public Health, shows this isn’t the truth.
Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily. Most of the Australian family food budget is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt. As a result, two－thirds of adults (63%) and one－quarter of children are over－weight.
We used the Australian Health Survey 2016—2017 and the suggestions of the Australian Dietary Guidelines to model healthy diets for a family of two adults and two children every two weeks. We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high and low－socioeconomic (社会经济地位低的) areas in Brisbane，and compared the diet prices with family incomes.
In both areas, a family of two adults and two children spend about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets. About 58% of the food budget for present diets is spent on junk foods，including takeaway foods (14%)，and sugary drinks (4%). In the low－socioeconomic area, a family of two adults and two children spend $640.20 every two weeks on their present diets, but could buy a healthy diet for $560.93 every two weeks. In the high－socioeconomic area, these numbers are $661.92 and $580.01．
Present diets cost more than healthy diets, so it is surely not the price that helps to drive preferences for unhealthy choices.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。许多人认为健康饮食比购买垃圾食品更昂贵，但是发表在BMC Public Health上的新研究表明事实并非如此。
1．What did the researchers find？ A
A．Most Australians eat unhealthily.
B．Half Australians live on junk foods.
C．Most Australian kids have fat problems.
D．Australians have a preference for sweet foods.
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily. ”可知，不到7%的澳大利亚人饮食健康。所以93%多的澳大利亚人饮食不健康。由此推断出大多数的澳大利亚人饮食不健康。故选A项。
2．How did the researchers get the result？ B
A．By doing the study online. B．By making a comparison.
C．By carrying out interviews. D．By asking personal questions.
解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的“We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high and low－socioeconomic (社会经济地位低的) areas in Brisbane, and compared the diet prices with family incomes. ”可知，“我们”收集了布里斯班社会经济地位高的地区和社会经济地位低的地区超市和商店的食品价格，并将饮食价格与家庭收入进行了比较。由此判断出研究人员是通过比较得出这个结果的。故选B项。
3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4？ A
A．A healthy diet is actually cheaper.
B．Australian foods are becoming healthier.
C．People choose junk foods for their low prices.
D．Healthy foods are becoming more expensive.
解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“In both areas, a family of two adults and two children spend about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets. ”可知，在这两个地区，一个有两个成年人和两个孩子的家庭在目前的饮食上的花费比购买健康饮食所需要的多18%。所以可以从第四段中了解到健康的饮食实际上更便宜。故选A项。
4．What might the following paragraph be about？ C
A．The harm of junk foods. B．How we can eat healthily.
C．Why people choose junk foods. D．The advantages of a healthy diet.
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段内容“Present diets cost more than healthy diets，so it is surely not the price that helps to drive preferences for unhealthy choices. ”可知，目前的饮食比健康的饮食花费更多，所以价格肯定不是导致人们偏好不健康饮食的原因。由此判断出接下来的段落是关于为什么人们选择垃圾食品的。故选C项。
Ⅱ. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·河北石家庄高二期末)
Try This at Home!
Are you looking for a new pastime that will create a balance between physical activity and relaxation Then yoga may be the perfect choice for you. Yoga can be practiced by people of all ages and levels of fitness. 1．A It’s a great way to strengthen your muscles and become more flexible.
In the 1930s, Indian Sri Tirumali and K. Pattabhi developed one of the most popular forms of yoga practiced world－wide today. They worked together using an ancient Sansknt text called Yoga Korunta to create a set routine of yoga movements and breathing exercises. 2．B
Ashtanga is different from other forms of yoga. It is a very powerful form of aerobic (有氧的)exercise which creates deep heat in the body. 3．E In other forms of yoga, however, the routine can change each time and the stretching exercises aren’t aerobic.
4．C As well as making you stronger and more flexible, it can also help you to stay calm. By focusing on your breathing while doing physical exercise, you are able to get a balance between mind and body. In addition, yoga helps to make us healthier so we are less likely to get common illnesses like colds.
Furthermore, yoga encourages you to think about what you’re doing. Often you will close your eyes while doing cer－tain movements. 5．D After a few lessons you’ll stop looking at what the others around you are doing. You will stop comparing yourself and start focusing on yourself.
A．It can also be done anywhere at any time.
B．The result of their co－operation was ashtanga yoga.
C．Whatever kind of yoga you choose, there are many long－term benefits.
D．This allows you to concentrate better and it makes you less competitive.
E．Every time someone practices ashtanga，he or she does ex－actly the same movements.
F．If you’re interested in yoga, but cannot find a class near you, then it might be an excuse to travel.
G．Recently，it has become extremely common for beginners as well as advanced yoga students to go on yoga holidays.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项适合在家里做的有氧锻炼——阿斯汤加瑜伽。
解析：
1．空前的“Yoga can be practiced by people of all ages and levels of fitness. ”意为“瑜伽可以供所有年龄段以及不同健康程度的人练习。”A项中的also一词承接上文进一步说明了“瑜伽也可以供人们在任何时间、任何地点来做”。故选A。
2．根据空前的“They worked together using an ancient Sansknt text called Yoga Korunta to create a set routine of yoga movements and breathing exercises. ”可知，两位创始人合作共创了一套瑜伽动作和呼吸练习法。空后一段接着介绍了ashtanga。B项中的 co－operation 和 ashtanga yoga 与上下文信息相呼应，起到了总结上文、开启下段的作用。故选B。
3．根据空后的“In other forms of yoga，however，the routine can change each time and the stretching exercises aren’t aerobic. ”中的however可知，前后为转折关系，该句中的the routine can change each time 与 E 项 “Every time… does exactly the same movements. ”形成对比。故选E。
4．本段主要介绍了做瑜伽锻炼能够给人们带来的益处。C项“Whatever kind of yoga you choose, there are many long－term benefits. (无论你选择哪种瑜伽，都会有长期的益处。)”符合语境。故选C。
5．根据上下文可知，本段重点介绍了瑜伽具有使人注意力集中、减轻竞争压力的作用。D项“这能让你更好地集中注意力，降低你的竞争压力”既符合上下文语境，又起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·湖北武汉华中师大一附中高二期末)
In 2017，eleven million deaths worldwide 1．were linked (link) to people eating diets high in sugar, salt and processed meat. Those foods were partly 2．to blame (blame) for heart disease, cancer and diabetes, a new study found.
The findings 3．were reported (report) in the publication The Lancet. Researchers considered 15 dietary elements and found that the consumption of foods such as nuts and seeds, milk and whole grains 4．was (be)on average too low.
“The poor diet is responsible 5．for more deaths than any other risk factor in the world，”said Chris Murray， 6．director (direct) of the Institute for Health Metrics (指标)and Evaluation at the University of Washington， 7．which led the work. The study found people ate only 12 percent of the 8．recommended (recommend) amount of nuts and seeds an average intake of 3 grams a day. For good health, experts say, you should eat 21 grams of nuts and seeds every day.
Another study published in January suggested 9．an “ideal diet” for the health of people and the planet, which would include a doubling of the consumption of nuts，fruits, and vegetables. Such a diet would also include 10．reducing (reduce) the amount of meat and sugar consumed by half.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在2017年，全球有1 100万人因食用高糖、高盐和深加工肉类而死亡。今年一月份发表的另一项研究表明，为了人类和地球的健康，一份“完美的饮食”应该包括将坚果、水果和蔬菜的消费量增加一倍。
解析：
1．考查时态和语态。句意：2017年，全世界有1 100万人的死亡与食用高糖、高盐和深加工肉类有关。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，这些食物是导致心脏病、癌症和糖尿病的部分原因。固定短语be to blame for，意为“应该为……负责任，对……应负责任”。
3．考查时态和语态。句意：这些发现在《柳叶刀》出版物上被报道。分析句子成分可知，主语为the findings，此处缺少谓语，时态是一般过去时，且应用被动语态。故填 were reported。
4．考查主谓一致。句意：……发现坚果、种子、牛奶和全谷物等食物的平均消费量过低。分析句子成分可知，主语为the consumption of foods，谓语动词应用单数，时态为一般过去时。故填was。
5．考查介词 。句意：不良饮食是世界上导致死亡人数最多的危险因素。be responsible for意为“对……负责，是……的原因”。
6．考查词性转换。句意：克里斯·默里是华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所所长。根据 of the Institute 可知此处要用名词，作Chris Murray的同位语，独一无二的头衔、职位的名称前不加冠词。故填director。
7．考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，非限制性定语从句的先行词为the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington，在从句中作主语，应该用which作为关系词。故填which。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究发现，人们平均每天摄入的坚果和种子量仅为被推荐量的12%，即3克。此处修饰名词amount“数量”，amount与recommend之间是被动关系，故recommended“被推荐的”符合题意。故填recommended。
9．考查冠词。句意：今年一月份发表的另一项研究建议，为了人类和地球的健康，应该有一种“理想的饮食”，其中包括将坚果、水果和蔬菜的摄入量增加一倍。此处表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰 ideal diet，且形容词ideal以元音音素开头。故填an。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这样的饮食还包括减少一半的肉类和糖分的摄入量。分析句子成分可知，谓语为 would include，reduce是宾语部分，include后用动名词形式作宾语。故填reducing。(共63张PPT)
Unit 2 Healthy lifestyle
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课内要点探究
单元语法精析
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1．__________ vt. & vi. 组成；作曲；撰写
→___________ n. 作曲家；作家
2．__________ n. 外科医生
→__________ n. 外科手术；外科学
3．_____________ n. 解放；摆脱
→___________ vt. 解放；放出；释放
compose
composer
surgeon
surgery
liberation
liberate
4．________ vi. vt. & n. 剃(须发)；刮脸
→_________ n. 理发师；电动剃刀
5．________ n. 胡须；络腮胡子
6．__________ vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
→_____________ adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
7．____________ n. 香烟；卷烟
shave
shaver
beard
disturb
disturbing
cigarette
8．_____________ n. 专科医生；专家
→_____________ v. 专门从事；详细说明；特化
→__________ adj. 特别的
9．_____________ n. 顾问；高级顾问医师
→__________ v. 查阅；商量；向……请教
10．_______ n. 毒品；药物
11．_______ vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n. 蹦跳
specialist
specialize
special
consultant
consult
drug
skip
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1．give _____放弃
2．make _____ one’s mind下定决心
3．be composed _____ 由……组成(或构成)
4．shave ______ 剃掉；刮去
5．be _____ control of控制……
up
up
of
off
in
6．lose _________减肥
7．cut ______切去；省略；停止(做某事)
8．take _____拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
9．go _____ a diet节食，减肥
10．stick _____坚持
weight
out
up
on
to
课内要点探究
Our class is composed of eighteen boys and twelve girls.
我们班由18个男生和12个女生组成。
She began to compose songs at an early age.
她还很年轻时就已经开始创作歌曲。
He was composing at the piano at the age of seven.
他7岁时就会用钢琴作曲。
重 点 单 词
1．compose vt. & vi. 组成；作曲；撰写
be composed of 由……组成(或构成)
composer n. 作曲家；作家
单句语法填空
①The houses in my hometown were chiefly composed _____ wood.
②According to a report，the committee _____________ (compose) of 12 members.
③Five doctors and ten nurses, ____________(compose) the rescue team, were sent to the earthquake-hit area this morning.
④Tom delayed his composition, for the first sentence was so hard ____________ (compose).
of
is composed
composing
to compose
I lathered my face and started to shave.
我往脸上涂了皂沫，然后开始刮胡子。
Father shaved his beard.
父亲剃了胡须。
He had a shave and a bath.
他刮了脸，又洗了澡。
2．shave vi. ，vt. & n. 剃(须发)；刮脸
shave off 剃掉；刮去
shave up 剃光
shaver n. 理发师；电动剃刀
完成句子
①Do you ________________ every day
你每天都刮脸吗？
②The barber ________________ and a haircut.
理发师给他修面理发。
shave your face
gave him a shave
They took the phone off the hook so no calls would disturb them.
他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。
She has disturbed his plans for going abroad.
她打乱了他出国的全部计划。
It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.
你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
3．disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturbed adj. 心神不安的；担心的
disturbance n. 打扰；扰乱；骚动
It is very disturbing that we haven’t seen him for a long time.
好长时间没见到他，这令我们深感不安。
I’m very disturbed about him.
我很担心他。
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them.
这条令人不安的消息使他们都深感不安。也就是说，这条消息使他们都感到不安。
用disturb的适当形式填空
①Don’t __________ the sleeping child.
②The _____________ news has made everyone present upset.
③The drunken man caused a ______________ in the street.
disturb
disturbing
disturbance
He is a consultant on labor affairs to the mayor.
他是市长的一个劳工顾问。
There’re many consultants in hospital.
医院里有很多会诊医生。
4．consultant n. 顾问；高级顾问医师
consultant service 咨询服务
consult v. 查阅；商量；向……请教
consult the dictionary 查字典
consult about 就……请教
consult sb. on sth. 请教某人某事
consult with 与……商量
consult with sb. about a problem
与某人就一个问题进行磋商
单句语法填空
①Have you consulted a doctor ________ your fever
②Before we accept the management’s offer we must consult _______ the workers again.
③He was appointed as a _____________ (consult) to a software firm.
about
with
consultant
完成句子
④______________________, only Mr. Wang gave us some proposals in point.
所有的顾问当中，只有王先生提了一些中肯的建议。
⑤ I need to __________________________ on the proposals.
我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
Of all the consultants
consult with my colleagues
He skipped the dull parts of the book.
他把书的枯燥部分跳过去不读。
Brooks skipped school three days in a row.
布鲁克斯连续三天逃学。
You may skip and read only those passages which concern you.
你可以跳读，只选那些与你有关的段落读一下即可。
5．skip vt. 跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n. 蹦跳
skip about 跳来跳去
skip along 跳着往前走
skip aside 跳向一边
skip off 溜走，匆匆离开
skip for joy 欢跳
skip out of sb. ’s way 闪开给某人让路
skip over 跳过，忽略，略过
skip through 跳读，浏览
单句语法填空
①They saw the man with a little girl ___________ (skip) along behind him.
②I skipped __________ the first part of the book, eager to get to the exciting bits.
③She skipped ______ without paying her bill.
skipping
through
off
完成句子
④He ____________ of joy as he heard the news.
得知这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
⑤ She __________________________ the text and just looked at the picture.
她跳过了课文中那些枯燥无味的部分，只看那些插图。
gave a skip
skipped the boring parts of
Coastguards had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive.
海岸警卫队对两位潜水员生还已完全不抱希望。
One of the men with him gave up his place on the bench.
他的一个同伴将长椅上的位子让了出来。
重 点 短 语
1．give up放弃；让出
give in让步；屈服；投降
give in to sb. /sth. 向某人/某事让步，屈服于某人/某事
give away赠送；分发；泄露(机密等)
give off发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
give back归还；使恢复
give out分发；公布；耗尽；发出
单句语法填空
①You ought to give _____ smoking because it is harmful to your health.
②If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day.
③At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave _____ as she was so confident about her skills.
④The wood gave ______ a sweet smell as it burned.
⑤ When quarrels break out between them, he always gives in _____ his wife.
up
away
in
off
to
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。
We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.
我们决心在天黑前完成工作。
2．make up one’s mind下定决心
change one’s mind 改变主意
keep/bear/have… in mind 记住；牢记在心头
speak one’s mind 直言不讳
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
在短语make up one’s mind中，mind的单复数要随其前one’s的单复数而变化。
If you think it over, maybe you will change your mind.
如果你仔细考虑一下的话，你可能就会改变主意了。
Even though the little princess is only 4 years old, sometimes she can read others’ mind.
虽然这个小公主仅有4岁，但是有时她能看出别人的心思。
单句语法填空
①They have made _____ their minds to take part.
②You must keep it _____ mind that these exams will affect your final result.
③The man who has made up his mind ________ (win) will never say “impossible”.
up
in
to win
You’d better not cut out the important details.
你最好不要把重要细节删掉。
The doctor advised me to cut out smoking and drinking.
医生建议我戒烟戒酒。
3．cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
cut off 中断；切掉；使……与外界隔绝
cut in (马达或发动机)发动；插话；超车抢道
cut down(on sth. )削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
cut up 切碎；使悲伤
cut through 开辟(出路或通道)
I’d feel very cut off if I didn’t know what was happening in the world.
如果我不知道世界上正在发生什么，我会感到与世隔绝。
His wife told him to cut down on his drinking.
他妻子劝他少喝酒。
He was pretty cut up about their leaving.
他们这一走使他伤心极了。
单句语法填空
①The tailor carefully examined the cloth before starting to cut ______ the garment.
②When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ______ from the world.
③—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting _____ chilies for the last five minutes.
out
off
up
She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.
她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.
他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。
They take up too much space.
它们占了太多空间。
4．take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
take down取下；记下；拆卸
take on雇用；呈现；受欢迎
take back收回；使回想起
take off脱下；起飞；开始成功
take in包括；欺骗；吞入(体内)
take… as… 把……理解为/当作
take over接管；接任
take out带……出去
take apart拆开
单句语法填空
①Their flight has been delayed due to the bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take ______.
②I am sorry to have taken _____ so much of your time.
③Some insects take _____ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
④The more fat you take _____ before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
off
up
on
in
单元语法精析
语法精析
一、动词不定式直接作主语
To hesitate means failure.
犹豫不决就意味着失败。
For him to admit his mistakes is not easy.
要他承认错误是不容易的。(带逻辑主语)
动词不定式作主语
To be working all day long is a bore.
整天干活使人厌倦。(不定式进行式)
To have known you is a privilege.
认识了你真是荣幸。(不定式完成式)
二、不定式(短语)做主语时，往往由it代替它作形式主语(但不可用that作形式主语)，不定式则移至谓语之后，这种情况多见于口语中。
It’s unlike him to be late.
他可不是迟到的那种人。
How does it feel to be on your own
自由自在的感觉怎样？
It would be wrong for people to marry for money.
人们为钱而结婚是错误的。(It＋be＋形容词＋for短语＋不定式)
It’s a shame to say like that.
那样说话是可耻的。(It＋be＋名词＋不定式)
It is against my principles to do such a thing.
做这样的事是违反我的原则的。(It＋be＋介词短语＋不定式)
三、有时候，作主语的不定式相当于一个条件从句。
To love others is to be loved.
爱人即爱己。(If you love others, you will be loved by others. )
To see her is to love her.
见了她就会爱上她。(If one sees her, one will love her. )
四、如果作主语的不定式短语是“及物动词＋宾语”，则可以把这个宾语转换为主语，而把不定式移到句尾。
The museum requires one million dollars to build.
建造这个博物馆需要一百万美元。(To build this museum requires one million dollars. )
The matter is hard to deal with.
处理这件事很难。(To deal with the matter is hard. )
五、动词不定式与动名词作主语时的区别：
1．表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。
Swimming is fun in summer.
夏天游泳是有趣的事。
To swim in this river is a great pleasure.
在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。
注：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。
To see is to believe. ＝Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure.
钓鱼是他的爱好，收集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。
2． 下列句子中通常要用动名词：
It’s no good/use talking to him.
找他谈是没有用的。
It’s useless discussing the matter.
讨论此事无益。
There is no stopping him.
无法阻止他。
No parking!
禁止停车！
3．下列句中通常要用不定式：
It took us two hours to get there.
去那里我们花了两个小时。
It is necessary for us to learn English well.
我们有必要学好英语。
4．动名词作主语并不是表示某动作正在进行，而是表示经常性或习惯性的行为；不定式的进行时作主语才表示具体的某一动作正在进行。比较：
It’s nice having friends to chat to.
有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。(经常性、一般性或习惯性的行为)
It’s nice to be talking with you here.
在这里跟你交谈是非常愉快的。(一次具体的正在进行的行为)
单句语法填空
①It took years of work ___________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
②__________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
③To do this _____ (be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
④_____ is difficult for him to admit his mistakes.
⑤It was selfish _____ him not to share his dictionary with others.
to reduce
Walking
is
It
of
语法专题练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．____________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
2．It is necessary for oceans _______________ (protect) from pollution.
3．It is an honor for me ______________ (invite) to attend the meeting.
4．It is surprising _____ Tom to finish such a difficult task in such a short time.
Traveling
to be protected
to be invited
of
5．It’s very important ______ the new comers to study some rules.
6．I think it is stupid _____ them to quarrel about which football team is the best.
7．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)It’s hard _________(tell)exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.
8．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)It is traditional __________ (bring)a gift to a housewarming party.
for
of
to tell
to bring
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．It takes us hours __________________ every day.
我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。
2．__________________ will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
3．__________________ in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
to do our homework
To finish the task
To finish this job
4．_____________________ a foreign language well.
要把一门外语学好不容易。
5．It’s very interesting _________________.
踢足球很有趣。
6．Father criticized me and told me it’s wrong ________________ ____________.
父亲批评了我并且告诉我捉弄别人是错误的。
It’s not easy to learn
to play football
to play tricks on
other people
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Lucy is a pretty English girl with a 1.____________(promise) future. It’s her dream 2.___________ (become) a Chinese professor in the university. She knows it’s necessary but a little difficult 3.______ her to master Chinese, at the same time what she should do is 4.________(improve) her communicating ability so she is active5._________ (take) part in school activities and Chinese speaking contests.
promising
to become
for
improve
to take
It takes her three months 6._____________(practise). She is excellent at 7.___________ (speak) Chinese and can communicate well. It is unbelievable for her 8._________ (make) such a rapid progress in such a short time. The teacher praises her and gives her a chance 9.____________ (perform) a play in Chinese on the stage. 10._____ is a pleasure for her to get the chance. It seems her dream will come true.
to practise
speaking
to make
to perform
It
夯基提能作业(共92张PPT)
Unit 2 Healthy lifestyle
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1．________ adj. 头晕目眩的
→__________ adv. 使人眼花地；头昏眼花地
2．______ n. 流感
3．____________ vt. 激发；促进；刺激
→______________ n. 刺激；激励，鼓舞
4．__________ n. 牙科医生
dizzy
dizzily
flu
stimulate
stimulation
dentist
5．_________ adj. 含糖的；甜的
→________ n. 糖；食糖 vt. 加糖于
6．______ n. 坚果
7．_____________ n. 滑板 vi. 滑滑板
8．__________ adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
9．________ n. 病毒；病毒性疾病
10．__________ n. 保龄球运动
11．_________ n. 喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目
→__________ adj. 喜剧的
sugary
sugar
nut
skateboard
dynamic
virus
bowling
comedy
comedic
12．__________ adv. & adj. 每月；每月一次的 n. 月刊
13．__________ vt. 提高；增强；增进
→______________ n. 增加；放大
14．__________ vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
→_____________ adj. 提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的
15．_________ vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收
→_____________ n. 吸收；全神贯注，专心致志
monthly
enhance
enhancement
refresh
refreshing
absorb
absorption
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1．pick ____捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车；飞机)乘载；不费力地学会
2．stay _____熬夜
3．have problem _______ sth. 做某事有困难
4．_____ my opinion在我看来
5．_____ least至少
up
up
with
in
at
6．suffer _______遭受；患……病
7．take part _____ 参加
8．stress ______焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
9．worn ______筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
10．try ______试验；考验
from
in
out
out
out
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1．___________ reading more books instead
多读点书怎么样？
2．After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks ______________ have every day.
从那以后，我就不再买以前每天吃的糖果、饼干和喝的含糖饮料了。
How about
that I used to
3．___________ I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.
每当我和朋友出去时，我都会从家里带来零食，那些没有加糖的东西：水果、坚果、肉干等。
4．I got _____ absorbed _______ I played the games day and night.
我全神贯注，没日没夜地玩游戏。
5．So I thought about ____________.
因此我考虑尝试去做些什么。
Whenever
so
that
what to try
Ⅳ．语篇解读
1．What did Wang Lu most worry about？______
A．Her not feeling well physically.
B．Her feeling dizzy and sleepy.
C．Her lacking passion.
D．Her getting the flu and toothaches easily.
D
2．Why did Wang Lu determine to change lifestyle choices？______
A．The camp about health and lifestyle choices ended.
B．She was encouraged by what she heard at the summer camp.
C．She intended to change the world by changing herself.
D．Her dentist gave her a lot of motivation.
B
3．What made George Fielding become involved in his bad habit？______
A．Attending the summer camp.
B．Being worn out.
C．Being under great pressure at school.
D．Having nothing to do but relax.
C
4．What do the two students Wang Lu and George Fielding have in common？______
A．They have got rid of bad habits and become energetic now.
B．They used to like eating too much sugar.
C．They used to be addicted to playing computer games.
D．They have changed the world by changing themselves.
A
课内要点探究
The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.
这篇文章可用来活跃学生的讨论。
Light stimulates plant growth.
光会刺激植物生长。
I hoped my warning would stimulate her to greater efforts.
我希望我的告诫会促使她作出更大的努力。
重 点 单 词
1．stimulate vt. 激发；促进：刺激
stimulate sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
stimulate by 靠……来刺激
stimulate sb. into new efforts 激励某人作出新的努力
stimulate sb. to sth. 激励某人做某事
stimulation n. 刺激；激励，鼓舞
单句语法填空
①They stimulated me _________ (make) greater efforts.
②Many enjoy the mental ______________ (stimulate) of a challenging job.
to make
stimulation
完成句子
③The exhibition has ______________________________.
展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
④I’m trying to____________________________.
我试图激励他更加用功读书。
stimulated interest in her work
stimulate him to study harder
A beautiful garden enhances the appearance of a house.
有个美丽的花园可使房屋更美丽。
The games have enhanced friendship and unity among the people and athletes of various countries.
这次运动会增进了各国人民和运动员之间的友谊和团结。
The growth of a city often enhances the value of land close to it.
城市的发展常常会提高其附近的地价。
2．enhance vt. 提高；增强；增进
enhance friendship and unity 增进了友谊和团结
enhance the operation effectiveness 提高工作效率
enhance the value of land 提高地价
enhancement n. 增加；放大
完成句子
①The moonlight ______________________ the scene.
月光使这里的景致更美。
②Good secretarial skills should _______________________ getting a job.
出色的秘书工作技能会增加你找工作的机会。
enhanced the beauty of
enhance your chances of
A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk.
走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。
A long vacation will refresh me.
长假过后我就会重新振作精神。
3．refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
前缀re-：前缀re-(＝back)，表示“又，再，回”。
rebuild[re-(＝back再)＋build(建造；建设)]vt. 重建
renew[re-(＝back再，重)＋new(新)]vt. 重新；重新开始
review[re-(＝back再)＋view(观察，观看)]vt. /n. 复习
retell[re-(＝back再，重)＋tell(讲述)]vt. 复述
(1)refresh one’s memory恢复记忆
refresh oneself with sth. 用某物给某人提神
(2)refreshing adj. 使人神清气爽的
refreshment n. [U]恢复精神；[pl. ]点心
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考I卷)It will undoubtedly help you get ____________ (refresh)!
②After a day’s tiring work, the manager prefers taking a walk along the river bank to refresh __________ (he).
③The breeze in the autumn is really _____________ (refresh).
④Many view these meetings as an occasion ____________ (refresh) friendship.
refreshed
himself
refreshing
to refresh
An airplane overhead completely absorbed the boy’s attention.
这男孩的注意力完全被头顶上方的那架飞机吸引住了。
The towel absorbed water from the sink.
毛巾吸收了洗脸池里的水。
We must absorb as much information as possible.
我们必须尽可能地吸收大量信息。
4．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收
absorbing adj. 引人入胜的
absorbed adj. 集中精力的
be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心致志于
absorptionn. 吸收；全神贯注，专心致志
单句语法填空
①The heat _____________ (absorb) by the water.
②Mary lay on the sofa, ___________ (absorb) in her book.
完成句子
③This kind of material_____________________.
这种物质容易吸水。
④_________________ a book and didn’t hear you call.
我正专心读一本书，没有听见你叫我。
is absorbed
absorbed
absorbs water easily
I was absorbed in
He picked up his hat and went away.
他拾起帽子，走开了。
She picked up French when she was in Paris.
在巴黎时，她学会了法语。
重 点 短 语
1．pick up捡起；学会，获得；(用车)去接；恢复(健康、精神)；好转；接收
She picked up a lot of information.
她偶然得到了许多信息。
Business will pick up before summer.
夏天来到之前，生意将会好转。
I picked up Radio Beijing last night.
昨晚我收听到了北京广播电台。
pick out挑出，选出；辨认出
At once I picked out my brother in the crowd.
我立即在人群中认出我哥哥来。
写出下列句子中pick up的含义。
①The boy picked up that hat for the old man．_______
②He picked up some skills by watching the workers working. ______________
③The boy will pick up after the operation．_______
④Will you please pick me up at the airport？___________
捡起
(无意中)学会
好转
(用车)接
She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
她遭受孤独，但是在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。
She has always suffered from bad health.
她的身体一直不好。
2．suffer from遭受；患……病
suffer vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
suffering n. 痛苦；苦难
sufferer n. 患病者；受难者
suffer, suffer from
suffer 后常接痛苦(pain)、寒冷(cold)、饥饿(hunger)、损失(loss)等一类词
suffer from 后常接疾病的名称或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名称
完成句子
①Because Jim doesn’t eat on time, he often ___________ stomachache.
因为吉姆不按时吃饭，他经常胃疼。
②Ms. King’s legs were badly hurt and she ____________________.
金女士的双腿受了重伤，非常疼。
suffers from
suffered great pain
Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games
谁不能参加古代奥林匹克运动会？
We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July，which makes us very excited.
七月份我们会参加你们学校举办的夏令营，这令我们很激动。
You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.
你将会在达特姆尔参加很多活动，从皮划艇到野营等。
3．take part in 参加；参与
(1)take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如take an active part in 积极参加某项活动。
(2)take part 意为“参加”时，为不及物动词短语，后不跟宾语。
take part in, join in, join, attend
take part in 指参加有组织的、严肃的、重大的活动，并在活动中起重要作用
join in 指参加正在进行着的小型的活动或游戏等
join 指参加团体、党派和组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于join sb. in(doing)sth. 与某人一起做某事
attend 相当于be present at，意为“出席，参加”。后常跟meeting，wedding(婚礼)，course(课程)，class，funeral(葬礼)等。不强调参加者在其中的作用
完成句子
①When I watched the game，he encouraged me _____________.
当我观看比赛时，他鼓励我参加。
②Anna，a lively and caring girl，______________________ social activities.
安娜是一个活泼又有爱心的女孩，她积极参与社会活动。
to take part
takes an active part in
Can we sit down I’m worn out.
我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.
我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
4．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的； 穿破了的
worn adj. 穿旧的；用坏的； 筋疲力尽的
wear v. 磨损；穿戴；使疲劳n. 磨损；穿着
wear out用坏； 穿破； (使)筋疲力尽； 耗尽
wear away磨损； 磨掉； 消逝； 衰退
wear down磨损； 损耗； 使疲劳； 使厌烦
单句语法填空
①The shoes were _______ (wear) out of shape.
②Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he is worn ______.
worn
out
The method seems good but it needs to be tried out.
这个方法似乎不错，但需要试验一下。
He tried out for the football team.
他参加了足球队的选拔。
5．try out测试；试验
try out for sth. 参加……选拔(或试演)
try sth. on试穿(衣物)
try for试图获得；力争赢得
单句语法填空
①We won’t know how the plan works till we have tried it ______.
②Try _____ the shoes to see if they fit.
③All the students in the class tried out ______ the basketball match.
out
on
for
句中How/What about… 表示征询对方意见。
How about going out for a picnic
出去野餐怎么样？
How about having a walk after supper
晚饭后散散步怎么样？
重 点 句 型
1．How about reading more books instead
多读点书怎么样？
How/What about… 还可以表示：
(1)表示询问情况，意为“……怎么样；……如何？”
(2)表示建议，意为“……怎么样；……好吗？”
完成句子
①__________________that they are satisfied with the result
怎样表示他们对结果的满意呢？
②__________________ at Bart’s overnight
在巴特家过夜怎么样？
How about showing
How about staying
2．After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day.
从那以后，我就不再买以前每天吃的糖果、饼干和喝的含糖饮料了。
句中that引导定语从句修饰the sweets, biscuits和drinks，从句中used to 表示：“过去(常常)……”。
He used to smoke.
他过去常常抽烟。
There used to be low and dirty houses.
那里曾是些又矮又脏的房舍。
used to的疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did，此时要用原形use，也可把used提前。
—Did he use to live in the countryside
他过去常住在乡下吗？
—Yes, he did. /No, he didn’t.
是的，他常住在乡下。/不，他不常住在乡下。
容易混淆的三个used句型
used to do 表示过去惯常的动作或常存在的状态，仅用于一般过去时
be used to… 表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词
be used to do 为被动语态，表示“被用来做……”
单句语法填空
①With the help of Li Hua, a good friend of mine, I’ve been used to _________ (live) in China.
②Medicines can be used __________ (treat) a mental illness but cannot solve the problem completely.
living
to treat
完成句子
③He _________ (过去常常)watch TV, but now he ________________ (习惯于) taking a walk after supper.
④Dogs have a very good sense of smell and ______________________ (经常被用来搜寻)survivors in an earthquake.
used to
gets/is used to
are often used to search for
3．Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.
每当我和朋友出去时，我都会从家里带来零食，那些没有加糖的东西：水果、坚果、肉干等。
whenever在句中引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，每当”，此时相当于no matter when。
Whenever/No matter when you call, you will find him at his desk.
不管你什么时候去看他，他都在用功。
You may come whenever/no matter when you please.
你什么时候愿意来就什么时候来。
类似引导让步状语从句的词除了whenever外，还有however, wherever, whatever, whoever, whichever等，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。“疑问词＋ever”除了可引导让步状语从句外，有时还可引导名词性从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
However late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
不管他回来多晚，他的母亲总会等他一起吃晚饭。
Whatever you say, I won’t believe you.
不管你说什么，我都不会相信你。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
无论是谁，违反法律都将受到惩罚。
单句语法填空
①Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ___________ it is convenient to you.
解析：考查whenever引导的让步状语从句。句意：下午请给我的秘书打电话安排会议，或者其他对你来说方便的时间也可以。根据题中的时间状语可知，这里强调的是时间，所以答案为whenever，意思是“无论何时，任何时候”。
whenever
②Your support is important to our work．___________ you can do helps.
解析：考查主语从句。句意：你的支持对我们的工作是重要的。无论你做什么都有帮助。helps是谓语，“you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，因此用whatever引导。
③I read all kinds of books in the library ___________ I am free.
Whatever
whenever
4．I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
我全神贯注，没日没夜地玩游戏。
He spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear him.
他说话轻得我几乎听不见。
Bob is so tall a man that he can almost reach the ceiling.
鲍勃个子这么高，几乎够得着天花板。
名前such，形副so，
多多少少(many/much/few/little)也用so；
little一词特殊记，“小”用such，“少”用so。
单句语法填空
①The boy is _____ young that he can’t go to school.
②He told _______ a funny story that we all laughed.
完成句子
③Keeping a learning diary every day is __________________ I would like to introduce it to you.
每天坚持写日记是多么重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。
so
such
so important that
④Dalian is such ____________________ that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→Dalian is so ___________________ that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有许多游客来观光旅游。
an attractive place
attractive a place
该句为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。
We have not decided when and where to go on an outing.
我们尚未确定何时何地去郊游。
5．So I thought about what to try.
因此我考虑尝试去做些什么。
“疑问词＋不定式”用法的五个注意事项：
(1)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语；
(2)疑问词：who，what，when，where，how等；
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；
(4)这种结构常用在动词(短语)tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss，find out等后作宾语。
(5)动词不定式要用主动形式。
How to do it is a question.
该怎样做是一个问题。(作主语)
My question was how to get so many books
我的问题是怎样得到这么多书？(作表语)
完成句子
①He discovered ___________________.
他发现了打开保险柜的方法。
②I found out _________________________.
我找到了买便宜水果的地方。
③_______________________ has not been decided yet.
何时举行会议还没有决定下来。
how to open the safe
where to buy fruit cheaply
When to hold the meeting
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．Climbing so high made me feel ________ (头晕目眩的).
2．I went to my __________ (牙医) to have a tooth taken out.
3．The boy traded his _____________ (滑板) for a cricket bat.
4．We are looking for __________ (充满活力的) persons to be salesmen.
5．Alcohol _____________ (刺激) the action of the heart.
dizzy
dentist
skateboard
dynamic
stimulates
6．If they have the ________ (病毒) they are putting patients at risk.
7．Precious few homebuyers will notice any reduction in their __________ (每月的) repayments.
8．This will __________ (提高) our operation effectiveness.
9．He ____________ (使凉爽) himself with a cool shower.
10．The lecture completely ___________ (吸引) the attention of the audience.
virus
monthly
enhance
refreshed
absorbed
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．Better wages have stimulated them _________ (work)harder.
2．It made a _____________ (refresh) change to see a good old-fashioned movie.
3．Kevin was absorbed _____ the book when the teacher came in.
4．(浙江高考)Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it _____.
5．In early days only male athletes were allowed to take part _____ the Olympic Games.
to work
refreshing
in
up
in
6．The past few days had really worn him ______.
7．The company tried ______ many new products before finding one that was successful.
8．How about the two of us _________ (take) a walk down the garden
9．He has _____ few books to read that he has to borrow some books from the library.
10．I’ve worked with children before，so I know what ___________ (expect) in my new job.
out
out
taking
so
to expect
Ⅲ. 选词填空
worn out, stress out, take control of, bring out, succeed in, at least, try out
1．We all looked calm but the truth was that we all ______________.
2．Take good care of your schoolbag. If you treat it so roughly，it will be __________ soon.
3．Every possible means has been ___________ but they still haven’t found an effective one.
stressed out
worn out
tried out
4．By looking for the best in others, you indirectly ___________ the best in yourself.
5．Students are encouraged to ________________ their own study，rather than just depending on the teacher.
6．I live far from the school and it usually takes me __________20 minutes to get there.
7．I never thought such a little child could ____________ dealing with such a difficult problem.
bring out
take control of
at least
succeed in
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．每当他对自己的职业比较消极时，他就会向他的顾问征求一些建议。
______________________________________，he would seek some advice from his consultant.
2．在上下扶梯的时候一定要留神，否则你可能会受伤。
Take care when stepping on and off the escalator, or ________________.
Whenever he was negative about his career
you may get hurt
3．他是我最能干的学生之一，但他太容易分心而无法约束自己。
He was one of my most able pupils, but _________________________ ___________________.
4．这次会议促使他更深入地研究这个问题，而不是依赖别人。
The conference _________________________________ in more depth rather than rely on others.
5．赢得比赛只是对这项工作的奖励，他投入这项工作很多年了。
Winning the match was just reward for this work which ____________ ____________________.
far too easily distracted to
discipline himself
stimulated him to study the subject
had absorbed
him for several years
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
The power of the mind is huge! 1.___________ (motivate) by the slogan “Change the world by changing yourself”，Wang Lu 2._____________ (achieve) satisfactory results so far. Feeling 3.______________ (dynamic) and stronger physically and mentally, she sleeps soundly at night and 4._________ (suffer) no flu or toothaches. Best of all is 5.______ she feels about herself, that is, being in control of her own life. To make choices about herself is 6._________ her own power.
Motivated
has achieved
more dynamic
suffers
how
within
As to George Fielding, he struggled 7.__________ (avoid) playing online games though he is crazy about them. He goes rock climbing 8.__________ (month) with his father, which has greatly enhanced the quality of life, improved health and increased happiness. He gets 9.____________ (refresh) and energetic, which makes him believe he can change himself as well as the world for 10.______better.
to avoid
monthly
refreshed
the
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句子主语和 motivate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
2．考查动词的时态。句意：迄今为止，王露已经取得了令人满意的成绩。故用现在完成时。
3．考查形容词的比较级。根据后面stronger的提示可以看出，此处应用比较级，dynamic是多音节词，故用 more dynamic。
4．考查动词的时态。sleeps和suffers是并列动作，故用第三人称单数形式。
5．考查表语从句。此处句意是“她对自己感觉如何”，故用how。
6．考查介词。within one’s power为固定搭配，意为“在某人能力范围之内”，beyond one’s power意为“超出某人能力范围”。
7．考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“挣扎着做某事”。
8．考查词性转换。此处修饰动词应使用副词，monthly既可作形容词，也可作副词。
9．考查词性转换。get是系动词，后接形容词，refreshed adj. “焕然一新的”。
10．考查冠词。for the better为固定搭配，意为“越来越好”。
夯基提能作业Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 完成句子
1．To learn an art well is very hard.
学会一门艺术很难。
2． To go to bed early is a good habit, so you’d better stick to it.
早睡是个好习惯，所以你最好坚持下去。
3．To read English novels this evening will take most of my time.
今晚读英语小说会花去我大部分的时间。
4．It is impossible to arrive there in such a short time.
这么短的时间内赶到那里是不可能的。
5．It’s foolish of him to do so.
他这样做是愚蠢的。
6．It’s no use arguing with such a person.
跟这样的人争论就是浪费时间。
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．It’s our duty to clean (clean) the room every day.
2．It’s hard for us to solve (solve) the problem.
3．It is no use asking (ask) him for help.
4．To complete (complete) the building in one year was quite a difficult task.
5．It took them half the night to get (get) home in the snow.
6．To see (see) once is better than to hear a hundred times.
7．To make (make) money is not the only purpose of our life.
8．Reading (Read) English novel is really great fun.
9．It’s brave of you to go (go) into the burning building to save the baby.
10．It is no good talking (talk) to him, because he never listens.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·河南郑州高二期末)
Tobacco has long been recognized as a huge health threat. It is known to cause lung and heart problems to many long－term users. According to the World Health Organization,3,000,000 people die early each year because of tobacco use，including 890,000 deaths from second－hand smoke exposure.
E－cigarettes, an alternative to smoking, have become popular. Also known as vaporizers (汽化器)，they are elec－tric devices that heat liquid nicotine into a vapor that can be taken in. This vapor is less harmful to inhale than smoke. For example, it does not produce tar (焦油)，which can build up in a smoker’s lungs. Inhaling vapor—called vaping—is not without its own risks，however. Exposure to nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long－term harm to brain development. The vapor may also contain harmful things. The Center for Disease Control has linked vaping to more than 805 cases of lung disease and 12 deaths so far in the US.
Vaping has greatly increased in popularity in the US, especially among teenagers. About 37% of US high school seniors were reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before，Harvard Health Publishing reported. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, listed 3 reasons that contributed to vaping’s popularity among young people. First, many teens believe that vaping is less harmful than smoking. Second, e－cigarettes have a lower per－use cost than traditional cigarettes. Finally，e－cigarettes come in a wide range of sweet flavors, like apple pie and watermelon.
Blaha is most concerned that more teenagers are taking up vaping as a habit. “It’s one thing if you change from cig－arette smoking to vaping. It’s quite another thing to start up nicotine use with vaping. And，it often leads to using traditional tobacco products down the road，”he said.
Governments around the world are divided about vaping. 39 countries and regions have banned the sale of e－cigarettes, according to the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018． US President Donald Trump once said the use of e－cigarettes might be negatively affecting young people and that it should be kept off the market until proved harmless.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，烟草一直被认为是一个巨大的健康威胁，它会导致许多长期使用者的肺部和心脏问题。烟草的替代品——电子烟在美国越来越受欢迎，尤其是在青少年中。文章介绍了电子烟的危害及各国对电子烟的态度。
1．What does the underlined word “inhale” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ D
A．Blow away. B．Spread out.
C．Give off. D．Breathe in.
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文中的“For example，it does not produce tar(焦油)，which can build up in a smoker’s lungs. ”可知，它不会产生焦油，而焦油会在吸烟者的肺部积聚。由此可知，上一句应是指“这种蒸气吸入的危害比烟小”，因此，inhale应是“吸入，吸收”的意思。故选D。
2．In what way are e－cigarettes different from traditional tobacco products？ A
A．E－cigarettes do not produce tar.
B．E－cigarettes are not bad to smokers’ health.
C．E－cigarettes are less likely to cause nicotine addiction.
D．E－cigarettes do more harm to smokers’ brains than their lungs.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This vapor is less harmful to inhale than smoke. For example, it does not produce tar(焦油), which can build up in a smoker’s lungs. ”可知，电子烟不会像香烟一样产生焦油。故选A。
3．Why is vaping popular with young people according to Blaha？ D
A．Vaping is allowed at school.
B．Vaping makes them look cool.
C．They like the liquid taken from fruits.
D．They think it’s safer and cheaper than smoking.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Blaha认为年轻人喜欢吸电子烟的原因有3个：认为电子烟的危害比吸烟小；电子烟比传统香烟便宜；电子烟的味道多。结合选项可知应选D。
4．What can we learn from Blaha’s words in Paragraph 4？ A
A．Those who smoke e－cigarettes tend to smoke tobacco later.
B．Vaping is more likely to attract teenagers than older people.
C．It usually takes a long time for smokers to enjoy e－cigarettes.
D．E－cigarettes should be encouraged to replace traditional tobacco products.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Blaha说的话“It’s one thing if you change from cigarette smoking to vaping. It’s quite another thing to start up nicotine use with vaping. And, it often leads to using traditional tobacco products down the road”可知，Blaha认为开始时使用电子烟的人最后很可能开始吸烟。故选A。
B
Annette Larkins is an incredible woman who looks like a healthy 40－year－old，although she just turned 70． She follows a special raw diet and only drinks rainwater.
She looks so young that people mistake her to be the daughter，when she’s out with her husband of 54 years，but I suppose he isn’t complaining.
Mrs. Larkins says the secret to her beauty lies in her special diet, consisting of organic vegetables, fruits, seeds and nuts grown in her own garden；she calls it the “fountain of youth”. The woman doesn’t touch anything that has been cooked.
And another strange thing she does is to collect rainwater，to keep her garden blossoming, but also to drink. But the residents of Miami－Dade County，Florida，didn’t always have such a healthy lifestyle. In fact, she consumed meat regularly, as her husband used to own a meat factory way back in the 1960s. It was then that she decided to change her eating habits forever. And what a great decision that was. I mean, just look at her!
When she started off, Mrs. Larkins was just looking for a few health benefits and never anticipated that she would look like a 40－year－old at the age of 70． Over the 27 years that she has been eating raw, Mrs. Larkins has written two booklets called Journey to Health and also produced a DVD containing all her healthy secrets.
Her husband, Mr. Larkins, wishes he had followed her example, because now he looks much, much older and also suffers from diabetes (糖尿病)and high blood pressure. He takes prescription medicine every day, but Annette doesn’t even take an aspirin.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了拉金斯夫人利用健康的生活方式以及饮食习惯来让自己拥有一个健康的身体。另外，她还把自己的经验告诉大家，让更多的人拥有健康。
5．What does the underlined word“it” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ D
A．The organic food. B．Her beauty.
C．Specially cooked food. D．Her raw diet.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，拉金斯太太说，她美丽的秘诀在于她的特殊饮食，包括在自己花园里种植的有机蔬菜、水果、种子和坚果，而这些都没被烹饪过。it代指她的生食饮食。故选D。
6．What kind of person does the author think Mrs. Larkins is？ A
A．Strong－willed. B．Honest.
C．Modest. D．Open－minded.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段末句可知，作者认为拉金斯夫人是一个意志坚强的人，坚持生食27年。故选A。
7．What did the woman do with her healthy secrets？ C
A．She sold them to the local people.
B．She abandoned them at the age of 70．
C．She published them in various ways.
D．She improved them with her husband’s help.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，拉金斯夫人利用各种方式宣传自己的健康秘诀。故选C。
8．What is the author’s attitude towards Mrs. Larkins’ life－style？ B
A．Disapproving. B．Supportive.
C．Sympathetic. D．Doubtful.
解析：推理判断题。文章主要讲述了拉金斯夫人用健康的生活方式以及饮食习惯来让自己拥有一个健康的身体。另外她还把自己的经验告诉大家，让更多的人拥有健康。因此可推测，作者对她的生活方式是支持的。故选B。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2021·山东青岛高二期末)
My teacher Mr. Bush is the most positive person I’ve ever met. He has the ability to 1．A positiveness to young students.
He always smiles and never gets 2．C at students. Once I met some 3．D because I felt overshadowed by my brother，who seemed to be doing great in every way. Hopelessness 4．A me whenever I was in a classroom. But that all 5．B when I met my teacher for life，Mr. Bush. Having found out about my problems, he just kept 6．C me. Because of Mr. Bush，my world was filled with 7．A and power.
A few weeks ago，everyone in my class was feeling a bit 8．B because of a bad day at school. But things got 9．C after a close of Mr. Bush’s class. He drew a picture on the whiteboard that 10．D a half－full glass of water. He then said，“Class，the point of view in which you look at things will 11．D your feelings. Like this glass of water; some people see it and think ’What! Only half a glass of water. How 12．B I am. ’ Whereas other people think ’Wow, I’m so thirsty. Great! Half a glass of water for me！’ It all is in the 13．A you think. ”
Mr. Bush’s 14．B way of thinking always makes me feel glad and 15．D . I will always remember him.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的老师是一个极其乐观的人，他有能力把积极的一面传递给学生，他乐观的思维方式总是让作者感到高兴和充满希望。
1．A．pass on B．apply for
C．consist of D．give up
解析：句意：他有能力把积极的一面传递给(pass on)年幼的学生。apply for 申请；consist of 组成；give up 放弃。分析下文可知，布什先生总是会让沮丧的学生高兴起来，故应是他有能力把积极的一面传递给年幼的学生。故选A。
2．A．strict B．patient
C．mad D．curious
解析：句意：他总是微笑，从来不生学生的气(mad)。strict严格的；patient耐心的；curious好奇的。故选C。
3．A．friends B．needs
C．realities D．difficulties
解析：句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困难(difficulties)，因为我觉得我的哥哥在各方面都做得很好，这让我有了阴影。friend 朋友；need需要；reality现实。故选D。
4．A．drowned B．resisted
C．cured D．relaxed
解析：句意：每当我在教室里，绝望就淹没了(drowned)我。resist抵抗；cure治愈；relax使放松。根据上文可知，作者一直活在哥哥的阴影之下，故应是绝望淹没了作者。故选A。
5．A．happened B．changed
C．solved D．included
解析：句意：但当我见到我一生的老师——布什先生时，一切都改变(changed)了。happen发生；solve解决；include包括。故选B。
6．A．forgiving B．calming
C．encouraging D．calling
解析：句意：他发现了我的问题，并一直鼓励(encouraging)我。forgive原谅；calm 使平静；call 呼叫。故选C。
7．A．sunshine B．fear
C．surprise D．disappointment
解析：句意：因为布什先生，我的世界充满了阳光(sunshine)和力量。fear害怕；surprise惊讶；disappointment失望。根据下文中的power可知，布什先生的鼓励让作者的世界充满了阳光和力量。故选A。
8．A．cheerful B．down
C．eager D．afraid
解析：句意：几个星期前，我们班里的每个人都因为某一天在学校的糟糕表现而感到有点儿沮丧(down)。cheerful高兴的；eager渴望的；afraid害怕的。故选B。
9．A．warmer B．higher
C．better D．happier
解析：句意：但在布什先生的课结束后，情况有所好转(better)。warmer更温暖的；higher更高的；happier更高兴的。根据下文布什先生画了一张半杯水的图，告诉同学们思维方式不一样，看问题的角度就不一样，同学们又都高兴起来可知，布什先生的课结束后，情况又好起来了。故选C。
10．A．served B．filled
C．bought D．showed
解析：句意：他在白板上画了一幅画，显示的(showed)是半杯水。serve服务；fill 充满；buy买。故选D。
11．A．hurt B．care about
C．give away D．affect
解析：句意：他接着说，“同学们，你们看事情的角度会影响(affect)你们的感受”。hurt伤害；care about关心；give away分发。故选D。
12．A．pleased B．unfortunate
C．bright D．perfect
解析：句意：就像这杯水；有些人看到它就想“什么！只有半杯水。我真不幸(unfortunate)”。pleased高兴的；bright明亮的；perfect完美的。根据下文中的“Whereas other people think’Wow，I’m so thirsty. Great! Half a glass of water for me！’”可知，此处表示对比，有的人认为只有半杯水是不幸的。故选B。
13．A．way B．direction
C．end D．past
解析：句意：一切都取决于你思考的方式(way)。direction方向；end结束；past过去。分析上下文可知，布什先生给同学们画了一幅半杯水的图，告诉他们有的人对此持积极的态度，有的人对此持消极的态度。故应是想告诉同学们：你看事情的角度会影响你的感受，一切都取决于你怎么想。故选A。
14．A．different B．optimistic
C．special D．important
解析：句意：布什先生乐观的(optimistic)思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望。different不同的；special特殊的；important重要的。故选B。
15．A．proud B．careful
C．lonely D．hopeful
解析：句意：布什先生乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望(hopeful)。proud骄傲的；careful小心的；lonely孤独的。故选D。(共119张PPT)
Unit 2 Healthy lifestyle
单元核心素养
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了四项针对户外爱好者的活动。它们对我们的健康非常有益。
Love the great outdoors No wonder! There is an endless variety of activities to enjoy, no matter where you live. Every locale offers something different. Get out and taste life!
单元话题导读
Gardening
Whether you have acres of land, a small patio, or even just a balcony or window, you can garden. All it takes is a little soil to produce wonderful, healthy foods—that actually taste like food! Gardening is a low-cost and great way to get outdoors—or bring the outdoors in to you.
Walking
It’s easy, convenient, and you can do it anywhere. All you need is a pair of good walking shoes, and you’re good to go. Make sure you can take a safe route to avoid common dangers (dogs are a big one, but it depends on your area). No excuses!
Hiking
This is another easily accessible way to get out into nature. Hiking doesn’t require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a map and a thirst for adventure. Find out the best options in your area. can help you locate trails.
词海拾贝
①locale n. 发生地点 ②patio n. 院子，天井
③accessible adj. 可使用的 ④option n. 可选择的事物
⑤tackle vt. 处理，解决 ⑥amble vi. 缓行；漫步
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1．__________ n. 烟草；烟叶
2．__________ n. 酒；酒精
→____________ adj. 酒精的，含酒精的
3．________ n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
→_________ n. 滥用者；施虐者
4．___________ adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
→_____________ adv. 身体上，身体上地
→__________ n. 物理学
tobacco
alcohol
alcoholic
abuse
abuser
physical
physically
physics
5．___________ vt. & vi. 支配；控制；占有优势
→_____________ n. 控制；支配
6．_____________ adv. 重复地
→___________ adj. 反复的，再三的
→_________ v. 重复；重做
7．_____________ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响
→________________ adj. 心理的；心理学的；精神上的
→_______________ n. 心理学家，心理学者
8．_________ n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
9．_______ vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖
dominate
domination
repeatedly
repeated
repeat
psychology
psychological
psychologist
reward
rely
10．__________ vt. 促进；促使；使便利
11．__________ vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验
→______________ n. 考试；检查；查问
12．___________ adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的
→___________ adj. 积极的；肯定的
13．____________ adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
→_____________ adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
14．__________ n. 自制力；纪律；学科 vt. 自我控制；管教；处罚
15．_______ n. 药丸；药片
facilitate
examine
examination
negative
positive
pessimistic
optimistic
discipline
pill
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1． grow _____ 成长
2． lead _____导致；通向
3． become involved _____使卷入，使陷入
4． base… _____把……建立在……的基础上
5． over ______ over again反复不断地
up
to
in
on
and
6． according _____按照；根据……所说
7． act _____担当；充当
8． in response _____回答；答复
9． rely _____依赖；依靠；信赖
10． straight _______立即；马上
11． decide _____决定；选定
to
as
to
on
away
on
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1．These bad habits, if left ____________, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
2．The good news is _______ we can change, if we understand how habits work.
好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何起作用的，我们可以改变。
unchecked
that
3．For example, _______ we feel unhappy, we eat lots of unhealthy snacks，________________________.
例如，当我们感到不快乐时，我们会吃很多不健康的零食，这会让我们感到快乐。
4．So, when we feel unhappy again, ______________________, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead, which will make us feel relaxed.
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐，这会让我们感到放松。
when
which makes us feel happy
rather than eat snacks
5．_____ the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. ”
正如中国哲学家老子所言：“千里之行始于足下。”
As
Ⅳ．语篇解读
1．How does a teenager prevent bad habits from ruling his or her life？______
A．By becoming more independent.
B．By making his or her own decisions.
C．By becoming aware of bad habits and changing them properly.
D．By leaving them unchecked.
C
2．According to the second paragraph we can learn that ____.
A．with many attempts，changing bad habits is not difficult
B．we make a choice to do something once, then we will form the habit
C．once a habit has formed, you will never get rid of it
D．to form a good habit, you need to repeat it many times
D
3．What’s the main idea of the third paragraph？______
A．How “habit cycle” works.
B．What “cue” and “routine”are.
C．How the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
D．What we get from the routine.
A
4．What’s the purpose of the two examples in the fifth paragraph？______
A．To tell us how to change bad habits by adapting bad habit cycles.
B．To tell us what we should do when we feel unhappy.
C．To tell us what we should choose to do when we come to an escalator.
D．To tell us how to change bad habits quickly.
A
课内要点探究
I will talk about some abuses of the word.
我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。
Child abuse is not allowed in our country.
在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。
重 点 单 词
1．abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
He abused his power to help his son become qualified.
他滥用职权帮助儿子取得资格。
Whoever abuses pets will be punished.
无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。
shout abuse at大声咒骂
alcohol abuse酗酒
child abuse虐待儿童
abuse one’s power/privilege/position滥用权力/特权/职权
abuse one’s trust辜负了某人的信任
完成句子
①I cannot __________________.
我不能辜负他们的信任。
②Don’t ___________________.
不要辱骂你的朋友。
③They were accused of ____________________ to raise prices.
他们被指控滥用权力来抬高价格。
abuse their trust
abuse your friends
abusing their power
He tended to dominate the conversation.
他往往左右着交谈的内容。
Arsenal dominated the first half of the match.
阿森纳队在上半场比赛中占据上风。
She completely dominates her family and makes all the decisions.
她家里的事完全由她作主， 大事小事都是她说了算。
2．dominate vt. &vi. 支配；控制；占有优势
dominate over 支配；影响
domination n. 控制；支配
单句语法填空
①The book is expected _____________ (dominate) the best-seller lists.
②They had five centuries of _____________ (dominate) by the Romans.
完成句子
③As a child he _______________ by his father.
他小时候由父亲主宰一切。
④His personality ______________ the other members of the committee.
他的人格影响了委员会的其他成员。
to dominate
domination
was dominated
dominated over
He gave the boy a reward of $100 for bringing back the lost dog.
因为找回丢失的狗，他奖励这个男孩100美元。
She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
她的好心没有得到一点回报。
How can I reward your kindness
我怎么才能报答你的恩情呢？
3．reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for(doing) sth. 为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward(for)＝in return(for)作为(对……的)报答
(2)reward sb. with… for(doing) sth. 为(做)某事而以……报答某人
award，reward
award award作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”，与prize用法相似。作动词时，意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth. ＝award sth. to sb.
reward reward作名词时，意为“报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬”。作动词时，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. with sth. for (doing) sth.
单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _________________ (reward) with success in the end.
②The boss decided to give a reward to him ______ his positive attitude towards work.
③The girl rewarded him _______a smile for his help.
④(2020·浙江卷)It is ____________ (reward) to try new things.
will be rewarded
for
with
rewarding
用award和reward填空
⑤ Mo Yan was __________ the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012．
⑥ She started singing to the baby and was ___________ with a smile.
⑦ It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to __________.
awarded
rewarded
rewards
Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.
各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。
The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.
新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。
Structured teaching facilitates learning.
有条理的教导有利于学习。
4．facilitate vt. 促进；促使；使便利
facilitate doing 有助于做
facilitation n. 促进； 简易化，助长
单句语法填空
①The new system facilitates ______________ (pronounce) Chinese characters.
②Under the new situation, there is an increasing demand for trade _______________ (facilitate).
pronouncing
facilitation
完成句子
③The new airport will ____________________________________.
新机场将促进旅游业的发展。
④The new underground railway will _______________________ to all parts of the city.
新的地下铁路将为去城市各处提供方便。
facilitate the development of tourism
facilitate the journey
The doctor examined her carefully.
医生仔细检查了她的身体。
Examine the account well before you pay it.
在付款以前仔细核对一下账目。
He roughly examined the old records.
他粗略地检查了一下旧记录。
5．examine vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验
examine for 检〔审〕查； 检验……以寻找(毛病、错误等)
examine in 在(某方面)考查〔测试〕(某人)
examine into调查，查问
examination n. 考试；检查；查问
单句语法填空
①The goods _____________ (examine) for damage on arrival yesterday.
②The ______________ (examine) in mathematics is very difficult.
完成句子
③He ______________________ and stamped it.
他仔细检查了她的护照，然后在上面盖了章。
④_________________________ how the proposals can be carried out.
有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些方案。
were examined
examination
examined her passport
It is necessary to examine
Now I am afraid of getting a negative response.
现在真害怕收到否定的答复。
We should try our best to make all negative factors become positive ones.
我们应尽力化消极因素为积极因素。
I’m looking for a house, but with negative results so far.
我在找一所房子，但至今没有找到。
6．negative adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的
be negative about 对……持否定态度
negative attitude 消极的态度
negative example 反面例子
negative effect负面影响
negatively adv. 消极地；否定地
positive adj. 积极的；肯定的
单句语法填空
①When asked for your views about your job, you mustn’t be negative ________ it.
②If you hang with the wrong people, they will affect you ____________ (negative).
about
negatively
完成句子
③You can’t learn anything _______________________.
你用消极的态度什么也学不到。
④He gave us __________________.
他给了我们一个否定的回答。
with negative attitude
a negative answer
He’ll never get anywhere working for himself─he’s got no discipline.
他为自己工作是不会有什么成就的——他毫无自制力。
The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.
这所学校因纪律严格而闻名遐迩。
Applied linguistics is a new and independent discipline.
应用语言学是一门新兴的独立学科。
The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed.
这名工人被他的公司处罚了，但没有被开除。
7．discipline n. 自制力；纪律；学科 vt. 自我控制；管教；处罚
class discipline 班纪
school discipline 校规
discipline for 因……而处罚
discipline for arriving late 因迟到而罚
discipline sb. for bad behavior 因某人行为不端而予以处罚
单句语法填空
①Mathematics and physics are related ______________ (discipline).
②The officers were disciplined ______ their mistakes.
disciplines
for
I have to say I’m rather pessimistic.
我得说我相当悲观。
Her pessimistic attitude turns him off.
她那悲观的态度很令他不高兴。
There is a pessimistic tone to what he is saying.
他的话语中带着悲观的调子。
8．pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
be pessimistic about 对……感到悲观
pessimism n. 悲观； 悲观情绪； 悲观主义
optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
optimism n. 乐观； 乐观主义
单句语法填空
①There is no reason to be pessimistic ________ the future.
②I don’t want to hear any more ____________ (pessimistic).
about
pessimism
Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。
(天津高考)False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
假火警是犯法的而且可能导致坐牢。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
注意：lead to中的to是介词，后应该接名词或动名词作宾语。含义同result in/bring about，意为“导致”。
重 点 短 语
1．lead to 导致，造成(后果)；通往……
lead a… life过……样的生活
lead… to/into… 把……领到/领进……
lead the way引路；带路
The secretary finally led us into the office of his boss.
秘书终于领我们进了他老板的办公室。
单句语法填空
①War never settles anything. It only leads _____ violence.
②When he was young, his bad eating habits and lack of exercise ______ (lead) to health problems.
③Her words led everyone __________ (think) that he was a thief.
to
led
to think
完成句子
④He ____________, and __________ a village of Tibet. There we found the local people ____________________.
他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。
led the way
led us to
leading a happy life
He based his theory on what he had found.
他的理论基于他的发现。
The researcher’s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s DNA．
调查者的结论是以研究非洲大象的DNA为基础的。
2．base… on 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
at the base of 以……为基点；在……的底部
单句语法填空
①The famous writer likes to base his stories _____ the real life of people around him.
②_____ the base of the gold cup, the words “made in the USA” had been neatly inscribed.
on
At
完成句子
③They _______________________ facts.
他们以事实为这篇新闻报道的基础。
④This news report _____________ facts.
这篇新闻报道是以事实为基础的。
based the news report on
was based on
(2021·高考甲卷)According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
根据世界野生生物基金会的数据，全球黑犀牛的数量已经低至5 500头，这使得黑犀牛处于“极度濒危”的状态。
3．according to按照；根据……所说
The work was done according to her instructions.
这项工作是依照她的指示办的。
According to Mick，it’s a great movie.
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
(1)according to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或从句，在句中作状语。
(2)according to用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或my opinion连用。若用“依我看”来表示自己的观点，可用in my opinion。
完成句子
①_________________________________ (在杰克看来), Chinese is the most difficult language to learn.
②______________ (根据) the latest survey，many British suffer from heart disease.
According to Jack/In Jack’s opinion
According to
He did it in response to an inner calling.
他受内心欲望的驱使而做了那件事。
They did it in response to external pressures.
他们这么做是迫于外界的压力。
4．in response to回答；答复
in response 作为答复
respond 回答；响应；反应；反应灵敏；反响
respond to 顺从，服从；响应
单句语法填空
①I received an encouraging ___________ (respond) to my advertisement.
②The meeting was called in response _____ a request from civil people.
response
to
As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to rely on other musicians to help them.
由于他们中的一些歌手唱得不够好，他们不得不依靠其他音乐家来帮助他们。
5．rely on 依赖；依靠；相信；信赖
Not having found a better way，we had to rely on him to make the design.
由于没有找到更好的方法，我们不得不靠他来完成这个设计。
The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.
本项目的成功有赖于诸位的努力。
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望……
rely on it that… 相信……；指望……
①rely on后不直接跟宾语从句，须先接it作形式宾语，再接真正的宾语。
②rely on仅表示“依靠，依赖，指望”，而depend on除表示“依靠，依赖”之外，还有“取决于，视……而定”之意。
单句语法填空
①It’s not wise always to rely __________ others’ help.
②We should rely on _____ that everything will go well.
③Most working women rely on parents _________ (help) look after their children.
on/upon
it
to help
完成句子
④You may ___________ that he will win the match.
你要相信他能赢得比赛。
⑤ Simon is my close friend, who can _____________ to do what he promises.
西蒙是我亲密的朋友，你可以相信他会兑现自己的承诺。
rely on it
be relied on
It is still raining and it is difficult to decide on a date to go on our project.
天还在下雨，很难决定一个日期继续我们的工程。
He has decided on spending the vacation by the sea.
他决定在海边度假。
6．decide on 对……作出决定
decision n. 决定
decider n. 决胜局
decisive adj. 决定性的；关键的
decide against doing sth. 决定不做某事
make a decision作出决定
come to/reach a decision作出决定
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.
决定一个新的行动方向并且逐次作出决定。
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk，I went to a friend.
一旦当我面临一个涉及高风险的决定时，我就会寻求朋友的帮助。
单句语法填空
①At today’s meeting we are to discuss and decide _____ the most effective approaches to the study of mathematics.
②In the end, he decided on ___________ (spend) his summer holiday by the sea.
on
spending
句型转换
③I thought about London or Greece, but finally decided that I would go to Sydney.
→I thought about London or Greece, but finally ____________ Sydney.
decided on
重 点 句 型
1．These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
When (she was)very young，she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小就开始学弹钢琴。
When (he is) speaking English, he often makes mistakes.
说英语时他常出错。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.
如果有必要，往我家里打电话。
巧记状语从句的省略：
时，条，让，方，地，主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜，从句主语是it，省去it’s也可以。
单句语法填空
①Though __________ (annoy)at Tom’s words，she forced a smile.
②There are some health problems that, when not __________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
③(2020·天津卷) Harriet Stowe，mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while __________(cook).
解析：Harriet Stowe 与cook 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。while cooking补充完整为while she was cooking。句意：哈里特·斯托是六个孩子的母亲，她在做饭时写下了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的部分内容。
annoyed
treated
cooking
④If ___________(accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
⑤I’m interested in the music club and I’d like to join it _____ possible.
完成句子
⑥_____________(如果可能)，I will learn to carve.
⑦________________ (必要的时候)，I will step out of my comfort zone.
accepted
if
If possible
When necessary
句中that引导表语从句，在从句中that不充当成分，无意义，但是不能省略。
The fact is that he doesn’t really try hard.
事实是他没有真正努力。
2．The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何起作用的，我们可以改变。
表语从句的连接词主要有that，whether，as，as if/though，because及wh-类连接词。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music.
那是因为你欣赏不了音乐。
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.
我的问题是我们将去哪里旅行并且我们将如何到达那里。
That is why he was late for class again.
那就是他又一次上课迟到的原因。
选词填空(when/that/where)
①Look at the high mountain. That is ________ we will get.
②The first time we met each other was _______ we studied in that school.
③My advice is _______ we (should) work together.
where
when
that
句中when引导时间状语从句，而which引导一个非限制定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容。其中定语从句中makes us feel happy是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构。
3．For example, when we feel unhappy, we eat lots of unhealthy snacks，which makes us feel happy.
例如，当我们感到不快乐时，我们会吃很多不健康的零食，这会让我们感到快乐。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构用法：
在该结构中常作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式(短语)(主动语态中不带to，但被动语态中带to)、介词短语和过去分词等。
We made Jack monitor of our class.
我们让杰克当班长。
What he had said made me angry.
他的话让我很生气。
The boss made them work day and night.
那个老板迫使他们日夜工作。
(被动形式：They were made to work day and night. )
He tried to make his work recognized in the medical circles.
他试图让自己的工作被医学界认可。
单句语法填空
①Helen had to shout to make herself ________ (hear).
②Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made ________ (cry) by his little sister.
完成句子
③______________________________ the bus had left without waiting for him，he became angry and ________________________ to pick him up.
当这位游客意识到客车离开没有等他时，他很生气并让司机回来接他。
heard
to cry
When the traveler realized that
made the driver come back
句中rather than连接两个并列谓语。rather than可以作连词，连接两个并列的成分，如名词、代词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式等。
4．So, when we feel unhappy again, rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead, which will make us feel relaxed.
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐，这会让我们感到放松。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
与其说这些鞋子漂亮，不如说穿起来舒服。
Tom rather than his parents enjoys watching TV.
汤姆，而不是他父母，喜欢看电视。
I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
He depends on you rather than on me.
他依靠你而不是依靠我。
单句语法填空
①I, rather than you, _____ responsible for the car accident.
句式转换
②He preferred to die rather than give in to the enemy.
＝He ___________________________ to the enemy.
＝He ___________________________ to the enemy.
他宁死也不愿向敌人屈服。
am
would rather die than give in
would die rather than give in
As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote是非限制性定语从句，as代替整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后均可，意为“正如”，后边的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，write，report等。
5．As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. ”
正如中国哲学家老子所言：“千里之行始于足下。”
as is known to all 众所周知
as is expected 正如所预料的那样
as is reported 正如所报道的那样
as we all know 正如我们所知道的那样
as you can see 正如你所看见的那样
as is often the case 这是常有的事
As is known to us all, the earth is round.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
He is absent, as is often the case.
他缺席了，他经常这样。
as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。
(3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后。
单句语法填空
①The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
完成句子
②___________________, Mo Yan is a famous writer.
众所周知，莫言是一个著名的作家。
as
As everybody knows
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．The drug is not harmful itself, but is dangerous, according to the new finding, if taken with __________ (酒).
2．He is a great leader, who never _________ (滥用) his power which is given by the people.
3．He denied that his country wants to ___________(控制)Europe.
4．He received a medal in _________(奖励) for his bravery.
alcohol
abuses
dominate
reward
5．I can’t understand that man’s _____________(心理).
6．This might account for his ______________ (悲观的) views.
7．The doctor ___________ (检查) the child and said she was healthy.
8．I have a ___________ (否定的) opinion of the value of this plan.
9．She is strict in the matter of _____________ (纪律).
10．Each side undertakes to _____________ (使便利) the further development of such contacts and exchanges.
psychology
pessimistic
examined
negative
discipline
facilitate
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1．Adler could hardly dominate __________ (him).
2．I send him a book in reward ______ his help.
3．Zip codes are used _______________ (facilitate) mail service.
4．Don’t relax your efforts because the _______________ (examine) are over.
5．I’m a little pessimistic ________ our team’s chances.
6．Many of these chemicals can lead _____ cancer or other illnesses.
himself
for
to facilitate
examinations
about
to
7．The quick recovery was truly in response _____ medication.
8．(天津高考)The robot responds, which is based _____ what it learns about each individual in the household.
9．Once _________ (catch) stealing in a supermarket，you will be punished.
10．(全国卷Ⅱ)This is _______ motivation or the lack of it can do.
to
on
caught
what
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．随着她获得了一流厨师的声誉，越来越多的崇拜者来到这家餐馆。
___________________________ as a first-class cook，there are more and more admirers coming to the restaurant.
2．正如报告所说，严格的管理对公司持续的成功和发展有影响。
__________________，the strict management is influential to the continued success and expansion of the company.
As she acquired a reputation
As the report says
3．如果有机会，我会建议你参加这个表现主义艺术展览。
________________________, I will advise you to attend the exhibition of expressionist art.
4．这个重视学生身心健康的计划值得考虑。
The plan which places an emphasis on ___________________________ _______________ is worthy of consideration.
5．随着业务的不断发展和扩大，我们将对技术改革做出积极的回应。
With the continuous development and expansion of business, we will ________________________ to the technology reform.
If the chance ever arises
the physical and mental health
of the students
make a positive response
Ⅳ．课文语法填空
Just as Aristotle put it，“We are what we 1._____________ (repeated) do. ”In many aspects, our lifestyle is the result of the choices that we have made. So forming good habits is very important, especially for 2.__________ (teenager). That’s because bad habits，if not corrected, will have 3.____ bad effect on our adult life.
repeatedly
teenagers
a
To prevent harmful habits from dominating our life, we should make use 4._____ the “habit cycle” to kick bad habits and develop good ones. First we can facilitate positive changes by examining our bad habit cycles and trying to adapt them. Aside from this, we should also form good habits on purpose. Gradually, we 5._________________ (reward) by our actions.
of
will be rewarded
Of course, bad habits, once 6._________(form), are not easy for us to get out of. Some people can get out of bad habits quickly while others might try many times until they succeed. If we can’t succeed straight away, don’t become pessimistic. As a matter of fact, the 7.________________ (successful) way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. 8._____ the Chinese saying goes, “A journey of a thousand miles 9._________ (begin) with a single step. ”As long as we continue to take small steps, we are sure 10.________ (get) rid of bad habits and build a healthy life.
formed
most successful
As
begins
to get
解析：
1．考查词性转换。句意：正如亚里士多德所说：“重复的行为造就了我们。”修饰动词do应该用副词。repeatedly反复地；再三地。
2．考查名词复数。句意：因此养成良好的习惯是非常重要的，特别是对青少年而言。介词for后面应该用名词作宾语，而teenager是可数名词，且空前没有冠词等限定词，所以用复数形式。
3．考查冠词。句意：那是因为如果不改正那些坏习惯，它们将会对我们的成年生活产生不好的影响。have a bad effect on… “对……有不好的影响”。
4．考查介词。此处指为了防止有害的习惯支配我们的生活，我们应该利用“习惯周期”。make use of“利用”。
5．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：渐渐地，我们将被我们的行为奖励。根据句意可知此处应该用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be rewarded。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，对我们来说坏习惯一旦养成很难改掉。根据句子结构可知，此处是状语从句的省略形式，form 和逻辑主语bad habits 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。once formed 的完整形式为 once they are formed。
7．考查形容词的最高级。句意：事实上，最成功的改变方式不是突然的，而是经过一段时间。根据空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词way及句意判断应该用形容词最高级。
8．考查定语从句。句意：正如中国的一句俗语所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。
9．考查动词的时态。此处为格言、警句，故用一般现在时。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：只要持续地迈出一小步，我们肯定能摆脱坏习惯，建立一种健康的生活方式。be sure to do sth. “肯定会做某事”。
夯基提能作业(共23张PPT)
Unit 2 Healthy lifestyle
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
书信属于应用文，包括自荐信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、介绍信、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信等。写给编辑的信属于书信的一种。书信内容要具体明确，必须将需要传达的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。语言要有礼且谦虚。书信一般有以下几部分。
给编辑写信
(1)信头：写信人的姓名和地址要写在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。有时此部分可省略。
(2)称呼：一般用Dear editor。
(3)正文：信件的主要内容。首先提出问题，然后分析问题并作决定，接下来写出自己的具体行动，最后表明希望看到的改变后的结果并礼貌地结束全文。
(4)信尾客套语：Sincerely/Truly yours, Yours sincerely/truly，Yours等。一般写在信的右下角或左下角。
(5)签名：一般写在客套语的下面。
常用表达
I didn’t feel…
I have difficulty/trouble (in) doing… /with…
I made up my mind to… /(was) determined to/decided to…
I realised that…
I stopped…
I feel more…
I get… through…
写作模板
Dear Editor，
In the past, I formed _________ habits. For example, _______________.
Luckily, I became aware of _______________. I began to _______ ________. Then, I _______________. Lastly, I _______________. With two months passing, I _______________.
I suggest other students __________.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
精品展示
假设你是李华。过去，由于一些不健康的生活习惯，你的健康出现了问题。之后，你改变了生活方式，现在又恢复了健康。请你根据你的经历给报社编辑写一封信，内容包括：
1．之前不健康的生活习惯：不吃早饭，经常熬夜，很少锻炼；
2．导致的问题：肥胖，易生病；
3．解决的办法：保持均衡饮食，积极锻炼，早睡早起；
4．给其他同学的建议：尽快改掉不健康的生活习惯，以保持身体健康。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本次写作是一则书信，内容为健康问题；
2．确定人称：本文要用第_____人称；
3．确定时态：时态以_____________为主。
一
一般过去时
第二步 谋篇布局
本文属于书信，可以从以下几个方面入手：
Para. 1: 之前不健康的生活习惯及带来的问题；
Para. 2: 解决的办法；
Para. 3: 给其他同学的建议。
第三步 核心词汇
1．_____________________________________不健康的生活习惯
2．________________ 不吃早餐
3．_____________ 熬夜
4．_______________________ 锻炼
5．________________ 意识到
6．__________________ 保持健康
7．____________________ 摆脱坏习惯
unhealthy living habits/unhealthy lifestyle
skip breakfast
stay up late
take physical exercise
become aware of
keep fit/healthy
get out of bad habits
第四步 句式升级
1． 我经常不吃早餐，熬夜，很少锻炼身体，为此我变得太胖，经常生病。(介词＋which引导非限制性定语从句)
I often skipped breakfast, stayed up late and took little physical exercise, _______________________________________.
2． 幸运的是，我意识到了不健康的生活习惯所带来的危害。(过去分词短语作定语)
Luckily, I became aware of the harm ________________________ ________.
for which I became too fat and often fell ill
caused by unhealthy living
habits
3． 两个月过去了，我康复了。(with复合结构)
________________ passing, I recovered.
4． 我建议其他学生尽快改掉不健康的生活习惯，因为健康比什么都重要。(because引导原因状语从句)
I suggest other students get out of their unhealthy living habits as soon as possible, ______________________________________________.
With two months
because health is more valuable than anything else
参考范文：
Dear Editor，
In the past, I formed some unhealthy living habits. For example, I often skipped breakfast, stayed up late and took little physical exercise, for which I became too fat and often fell ill.
Luckily, I became aware of the harm caused by unhealthy living habits. I began to have a balanced diet. Then, I took exercise actively every day. Lastly, I developed the habit of going to bed early and getting up early. With two months passing, I recovered.
I suggest other students get out of their unhealthy living habits as soon as possible, because health is more valuable than anything else.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
写作训练
假定你是李华，得知你的英国笔友Cindy经常不吃早餐，因胃病发作住院治疗。请根据下面的写作提示，用英语给她写一封邮件。内容包括：
1．陈述不吃早饭的危害；
2．劝她培养健康的生活方式。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Cindy，
I’m worried to know you’re in hospital because you have a stomachache resulting from your skipping breakfast. I’d like to offer you some advice.
As we all know, it’s important to have a good breakfast that consists of grain, fruit and vegetables. However, you don’t have the habit of having breakfast on time, which is harmful to your health. I think you should develop a healthy way of life from now on. It’s wise to take enough physical exercise every day, which will help you stay energetic and free from disease.
I hope you will find my advice useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
夯基提能作业
