高中英语 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Sharing（共8份打包）

Unit 4　Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Tu Youyou, a great __chemist__(药剂师) and scientist, devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I wanted to be a fireman, whose __uniform__(制服) looked so cool.
3．It would be great to set up a __platform__(平台) where students from both countries can make friends and exchange thoughts and ideas.
4．We intend to wrap them in a big __parcel__(包裹) and post it to your school.
5．I wiped the __dust__(尘土) off all the furniture, and then I swept and mopped the floors.
6．Last week, our school held a __chorus__(合唱团) competition，the“12.9 Chorus”．
7．He just patted her back lovingly, kissed her __forehead__(额头)，and rushed for his office.
8．If they always follow others’ choices, they are bound to live a boring and __rigid__(死板的) life.
9．They want to make room for __housing__(住房) or offices during urban construction.
10．It is suggested that all primary and __secondary__(中级的)schools should offer elective courses related to artificial intelligence.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·天津卷)His parents always had him __weeding__(weed) the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.
解析：weed sth.意为“给……除草”，此处用现在分词作宾补，与carrying和delivering并列。句意：他的父母总是让他给花园除草，倒垃圾，送报纸。
2．(2020·全国Ⅱ 卷)I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up __to__ three books a day as a child.
解析：up to达到。句意：我一直是个热心的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。
3．(2019·浙江卷)There are several reasons why school __uniforms__(uniform) are a good idea.
解析：后面谓语动词是复数，此处名词也要用复数形式。句意：穿校服是个好主意有多个原因。
4．(2017·北京卷)We have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans，let __alone__ super intelligent machines.
解析：let alone更不用说。句意：我们还没有发明一种安全的防火墙来保护普通人的安全，更不用说超级智能机器了。have yet to尚未，还没有；有待。
5．(2020·全 国Ⅲ卷)People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted __to__ living at high altitudes.
解析：adapt to适应，适合。句意：埃塞俄比亚高原的人们已经适应了在高海拔地区生活。
6．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Not only is likability related __to__ positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
解析：be related to与……有关。句意：讨人喜欢不仅与积极的人生结局有关，而且还是那些结局的原因。
7．(2017·北京卷)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __difference__(different) in the world.
解析：make a difference有影响，有区别，有作用。句意：汉娜是众多改变世界的年轻人中的一个。
8．(2016·浙江卷)The heat was unbearable—almost 125°F even __in__ the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)．
解析：in the shade of在……的阴凉处。句意：酷热难耐——即使在仙人掌的阴凉下，气温也高达125华氏度。
9．Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to get __through__ my own cancer experience
解析：get through通过，渡过；熬过；拨通。此处意思是“熬过，渡过”。句意：谁知道这么多年后我还会指望伯尼医生和他的CD来帮我熬过难挨的癌症经历呢？
10．Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and __dragging__(drag) heavy objects over sand.
解析：此处与building并列，用动名词短语作介词by的宾语。句意：波恩现在已经通过建造小型雪橇和在沙地上拖拉重物来测试这个想法。
Ⅲ.选词填空
the other day，a chorus of，adapt to，to be honest， make a difference，not to mention，come across， participate in
1．__To be honest__，it took me more than a month to adjust to the different culture.
2．I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street __the other day__.
3．Who do you know I happened to __come across__ during my stay in Spain
4．She didn’t __participate in__ the discussion.
5．By staying connected, we can all __make a difference__ no matter where we are in the world.
6．Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to __adapt to__ the Chinese language environment.
7．He has a big house and an expensive car, __not to mention__ a villa(别墅) in France.
8．To his surprise, his proposal was greeted with __a chorus of__ laughter.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021·青岛高二检测)
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37,500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair, who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America.They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees(难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed how education could free sex-workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
The pair established the Tuk-Tuk Education Trust, a U.K. registered charity.
Talking about their motivation, Richard said：“The world’s leaders have made a commitment achieving universal primary education but in spite of this pledge (誓言，承诺)，over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了二位老师Richard Sears和Nick Gough为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育而环游世界，为实现教育目的而努力。
1．Why did the two teachers travel the world？__A__
A．To support an education project.
B．To create a new world record.
C．To entertain themselves.
D．To challenge themselves.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa，Asia and South America.”可知，他们环游世界是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目。故选A。
2．How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average？__B__
A．A little more than 23 kilometers.
B．About 14 miles.
C．43 miles.
D．70 kilometers.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“...after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles”和第二段后半部分“The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days.”可知，他们拖了43英里，用了3天，所以每天平均14英里。故选 B。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about？__D__
A．How they realized their next goal.
B．Their exciting experience on the road.
C．The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D．The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段中的关键词“tackle deserts and jungles；survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia；the mountain ranges lying in their path”可知，在二人的旅途中，他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险。故选D。
4．Which of the following best describes the two teachers？__C__
A．Curious and brave.
B．Humorous and generous.
C．Courageous and responsible.
D．Efficient and honest.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目，在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后，打破了在一辆三轮摩的上完成最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断，他们是有责任感的；根据第三段中的内容可知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险，由此可知他们是非常勇敢的。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
True friends are rare to come by these days.Even if you believe you’ve connected with someone，1．__F__？And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down.There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
A true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens.Through good times and bad times, 2．__A__.They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you, and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
Trust is another important aspect. A true friend will keep your secrets. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you know you can talk things over with，3．__G__.
Friendship is a two-way street though.To find true friends and keep them, 4．__D__.Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them.Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same things they give to you.A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort in.If you are the only one making an effort，be honest.
There will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship.If it can survive those barriers，5．__E__.St.Thomas Aquinas said “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship” and it holds true.
A．they will stand by you
B．how often does he let you down
C．as if they could offer you great help
D．you must in turn be the same as well
E．it will be stronger and better than ever
F．how do you really know he is a true friend
G．even if they may not have advice to share with you
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了如何判断友情的真假以及找到真正的朋友的方法。
解析：
1．空格后句子意为“你常常会发现你原以为能够信任的人也许会让你失望”；结合“And”可知，空格处与该句为并列关系，联系语境可知，F项“你怎么知道对方是否是你真正的朋友呢”符合语境。故选F项。
2．根据第二段可知，真正的朋友无论发生什么事情都会跟你在一起，会无条件接受你的一切。A项“他们会支持你”符合语境。故选A项。
3．空格前提到真正的朋友会倾听，是你可以与之倾心交流的人。故G项“即使他们可能不会给你提供建议”符合语境，与上文构成合理的逻辑关系。故选G项。
4．本段第一句提到友谊是一种双向沟通。空格后提到如果只是单方面付出，友谊很容易破碎。所以为了找到真正的朋友，你对待对方也要像对方对待你一样。故选D项。
5．根据语境可知，真正的友谊之路是会存在障碍的，但如果能克服这些障碍，那么友谊就会变得更好。E项“它会比以前更坚固，更好”符合语境。故选E项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time, two dogs came to a village.The village had 1．__a__ house which had a lot of mirrors (镜子). Both of the two dogs expected 2．__to enter__ (enter)it and have a look inside.But only one 3．__was allowed__ (allow)each time.
The sad dog of the two went in first.After he came into the house, he found many sad dogs 4．__looking/were looking__(look)at him.He didn’t like it and came out quickly.When he was asked how his time was in the house, the sad dog said, “5．__It__ was terrible.I wouldn’t go in again.”
The happy dog was still interested in the house，he asked the 6．__permission__(permit)to enter it.As soon as he came in, he saw many happy dogs.They were all smiling 7．__at__ him.The dog played there 8．__excitedly__ (excited)for a while. When he came out, he said to the other dog, “I really enjoyed 9．__playing__(play)in the house.There are manyhappy dogs.” The other dog didn’t believe him. He went in and had a look again.However, he still saw many sad dogs.
This story tells us that 10．__if__ you want to see happy faces, be happy first.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。忧伤的狗和快乐的狗在镜子里的映像不同，是因为它们对待生活的态度不同。这则故事告诉我们想看到快乐的事情，自己应先快乐起来。
解析：
1．考查冠词。house在文章中第一次出现，用不定冠词表泛指。
2．考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth.期望做某事。
3．考查时态和语态。由Once upon a time可知，用一般过去时；one与allow为动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
4．考查宾语补足语或考查从句的谓语动词。find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。也可理解为find加宾语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，此处指那些狗正在看着它，故用were looking。
5．考查代词。指忧伤的狗进屋照镜子这件事，用不定代词It。
6．考查名词。the为名词限定词，permit的名词形式为permission。
7．考查介词。smile at sb./sth.冲着某人或某物微笑。
8．考查副词。修饰谓语动词play用副词，excited的副词形式为excitedly。
9．考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。
10．考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为that引导的宾语从句，作tell的宾语；根据从句中两个分句的逻辑关系，可知应该用if引导条件状语从句。Unit 4　Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This program accepts __input__(输入)from most word processors.
2．Many of the notes are out of __tune__(曲调).
3．A formal __contract__(合同) is signed which is renewable annually.
4．Next week he’ll be in Florida for __consultations__(磋商) with President Mitterrand.
5．More than a thousand people outside listened to a __relay__(转播) of the proceedings.
6．__Stability__ (安定)and unity are a prerequisite to the four modernizations.
7．We __pray__(祈求) to God to deliver us from evil.
8．Where does this line tie in with the main __circuit__(线路)
9．You must buy the credit life insurance before you can buy the __disability__(残疾) insurance.
10．This is the most distinctive __criterion__(标准) for identifying the nature of events.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As the input __of__ energy is increased, the volume gets louder.
2．When she started talking about her job, he just tuned __out__.
3．Firms can contract __out__ work to one another.
4．Why not consult __with__ Frank？You see，two heads are better than one.
5．The satellite will be used mainly __to relay__(relay) television programmes.
6．I am confident that we can restore peace, __stability__(stable) and respect for the rule of law.
7．And I should pray __for__ the glory of a colorful sunset.
8．Now __that__ she has apologized, I am content.
9．The manager __has been telling__(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
10．Don’t take for __granted__(grant) the passions that she has for you.
Ⅲ.选词填空
appeal to, work as, for instance，be based on, be of great use，be allergic to
1．Jenny studied painting from 1926 and also __worked as__ a commercial artist.
2．There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; __for instance__，training lions.
3．A dictionary __is of great use__ for students to learn a foreign language.
4．This music is too old-fashioned to __appeal to__ young people any longer.
5．The advice __is based on__ the wisdom of a team of heart specialists.
6．What we want to know is whether he __is allergic to__ this medicine.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The Tech Museum Needs Volunteers like You!
Do you have a desire to learn and teach others about science and technology If so, then The Tech Museum might be the perfect place for you to volunteer.
The Tech Museum is no ordinary museum.It serves a diverse population, including international visitors，local families and school groups.Volunteers have the opportunity to staff exhibits and interact with museum visitors.A typical day could include the following：
Helping guests step into the role of a cyber sleuth (网络侦探)in Cyber Detectives—the nation’s first interactive exhibit designed to help visitors learn about Internet safety.
Encouraging guests to design, build and program a real robot in our Social Robots exhibit.
You don’t have to be a teacher or an engineer to succeed as a volunteer.We provide hands-on training to ensure your success.If you are 18 or older and enjoy talking and working with people, we know you’ll enjoy joining us.
We are primarily looking for volunteers to help us from Monday to Friday for morning (8:30 am—1:00 pm)or afternoon (12:30 pm—5:00 pm)shifts (轮班)．
Also, if you are trying to volunteer around a busy schedule, you can volunteer for evening events.In order to be considered for evening event volunteering, you have to volunteer for at least two evening events per month.
Benefits of volunteering include：
Free museum entry and IMAX films after work
Free downtown parking during your volunteer shift
Discount in the store and cafe
Meeting a diverse group of co-volunteers and guests
If you are interested in volunteering, please complete an online application.
文章大意：本文是一则招聘启事。介绍了所要招聘志愿者的日常工作、时间安排以及做这项志愿活动的益处。
1．What requirement should a volunteer meet？__A__
A．Reaching 18 years old.
B．Having relevant experience.
C．Having plenty of time on the weekend.
D．Having a good command of English.
解析：细节理解题。根据文中“If you are 18 or older and enjoy talking and working with people，we know you’ll enjoy joining us.”可知，选A。
2．What is a volunteer’s daily work？__C__
A．Playing the role of a cyber sleuth.
B．Helping clean The Tech Museum.
C．Introducing some technology to visitors.
D．Operating robots to give visitors performances.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一句以及文中“Helping guests step into the role of cyber sleuth(网络侦探)...build and program a real robot in our Social Robots exhibit.”可知，选C。
3．When can a volunteer on afternoon shift see a free IMAX film？__D__
A．12:30 pm on Friday.
B．1:00 pm on Tuesday.
C．2:30 pm on Wednesday.
D．8:30 pm on Monday.
解析：推理判断题。根据文中“We are primarily looking for volunteers to help us from Monday to Friday for morning(8:30 am—1:00 pm)or afternoon(12:30 pm—5:00 pm) shifts (轮班)．”和“Free museum entry and IMAX films after work”可推知，选D。
4．What will a volunteer get？__C__
A．A chance of being employed as an employee.
B．The right to download films for free.
C．Some hands-on training.
D．Free drinks in the cafe.
解析：细节理解题。根据文中“We provide hands-on training to ensure your success.”可知，选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the 1．__increasing__ (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also 2．__helps__ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
One of the world’s 3．__largest__ (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could 4．__permanently__ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes 5．__that/which__ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human 6．__activities__ (activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible 7．__for__ loss of farmers’ traditional crop varieties. The “Green Revolution” of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from 8．__starvation__ (starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals 9．__to control__ (control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, 10．__but/while/yet__ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。农作物的多样性对养活地球上不断增长的人口很重要。但是有很多植物正在消失，原因是气候变化和(这些植物的)栖息地的丧失。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：农作物的多样性对养活地球上不断增长的人口很重要。根据句意可知，这里要表达的是“增长的”。increase的现在分词形式increasing可以用作形容词修饰名词 ，意为“增加的”，符合句意。故填increasing。
2．考查时态。分析句子成分可知help在宾语从句中作谓语，主语是having a large variety of plants，是单数，所以谓语动词要用单数。全文时态为一般现在时，所以这里也要用一般现在时。故填helps。
3．考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的种子保护项目之一预测将会有更多的损失。根据句意可知，这里要用所给形容词的最高级。故填largest。
4．考查副词。所给词用来修饰动词disappear, permanent为形容词，不能用于修饰动词，所以要用其副词形式permanently。故填permanently。
5．考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知__5__ decide their qualities 为定语从句，先行词为genes。空格处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为物，要用that/which来引导这个定语从句。故填that/which。
6．考查名词的数。activity为可数名词，本句中没有冠词，说明要用其复数形式。故填activities。
7．考查固定搭配。be responsible for 为固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。所以这里要填介词for。
8．考查名词。句意：一些专家说现代商业农业方法的使用使数百万人免于饥饿。空格处为介词from的宾语，starve为动词，不能作宾语，所以用其名词形式starvation。故填starvation。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用化学药品来防治疾病和昆虫。根据句意可知，(control) diseases and insects是treated their fields with chemicals的目的，所以用不定式表目的。故填to control。
10．考查连词。句意：收成越来越多，质量也越来越好，但另一个结果是一些传统作物消失了。根据句意可知，Harvests grew larger and higher quality与another result was that some traditional crops were lost之间是转折关系，一个是好处，一个是坏处，所以要用表示转折关系的连词连接前后两个句子。故填but/while/yet。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A friend of mine named Paul received an automobile from his brother as a Christmas present.
On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a little boy was walking around the shiny new car, admiring it. “Is this your car, Mister？” he asked.
Paul nodded. “My brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was astounded. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn’t cost you anything Boy, I wish...” He hesitated.
Of course, Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the lad said jarred Paul all the way down to his heels.
“I wish，” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in astonishment, then impulsively he added, “Would you like to take a ride in my automobile？”
“Oh yes, I’d love that.”
After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Mister, would you mind driving in front of my house？”
Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the lad wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big automobile. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are？” the boy asked.
Paragraph 1：
He ran up to the steps.
Paragraph 2：
Paul got out and lifted the younger lad into the front seat of his car.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
He ran up to the steps. Then in a little while Paul heard him coming back, but he was coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the bottom step, then pointed to the car. “There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it then you can see for yourself all the pretty things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
Paragraph 2：
Paul got out and lifted the younger lad into the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in beside him and gently fastened the safety belt for his brother and politely asked, “Mister, would you mind continuing driving around？” Deeply touched, Paul happily drove the car on the road again. That Christmas Eve, three of them began a memorable holiday ride. That Christmas Eve was the happiest time that Paul had ever spent.(共103张PPT)
UNIT 4　SHARING
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．________ n．情况；信息；投入；输入　vt.输入
2．_______ n．曲调；曲子　vt.调音；调节；调频道
3．___________ vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)　n．合同；契约→______________ adj.合同的，契约的；按合同(或契约)规定的→_____________ n．承包人；承包商；承包公司
4．__________ n．巡回；环形路线
5．_____________ n．缺陷；障碍→___________ adj.残疾的，有缺陷的
input　
tune　
contract　
contractual　
contractor　
circuit　
disability　
disabled　
6．_______________ n．咨询；咨询会→__________ vt.查阅；商量；向……请教
7．__________ n．胶囊；太空舱
8．________ vt.转发；转播　n．接力赛；接班的人
9．____________ n．标准；准则；原则→___________ [复数]
10．____________ n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→_________ adj.稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的→_________ adv.稳固地；稳定地；安定地
11．_______ vi. & vt.企盼；祈祷
consultation　
consult　
capsule　
relay　
criterion　
criteria　
stability　
stable　
stably　
pray　
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．___________________ 认为……理所当然；对……不予重视
2．___________ 转达给……；转发给……
3．____________ 但愿
take for granted　
relay to　
pray that　
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Why help people overseas when China has many areas _______ are still _____________ development
当中国仍然有许多地区需要发展时，为什么要帮助海外的人？
2．You see, my mother is a medical doctor, and for the last two years, she ______________________ a volunteer consultant in Tanzania, Africa, as a part of a medical team sent by the Chinese government.
你知道，我妈妈是一名医生，在过去的两年里，她作为中国政府派出的医疗队的一员，一直在非洲坦桑尼亚担任志愿者顾问。
that　
in need of　
has been working as　
3．___________ I understand how important my mother’s work is, I’ve decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我母亲的工作是多么重要，我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他地区的人们。
Now that　
Ⅳ.语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.
________
Paras. 1－2 A．Call on others to do the same.
Para.3　　 B．It is a personal question for the author.
Para.4 C．How the author changed her opinion.
Para.5　　 D．How the author felt when her mother first left.
Para.6　 E．Whether it is worthwhile to help other countries.
EBDCA　
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What is the function of the second paragraph？_______
A．To explain how China helps other countries.
B．To introduce the topic of the speech.
C．To show where Chinese workers are.
D．To praise the contributions China has made.
B　
2．What does the speaker use to get her message across？_______
A．A personal story.
B．Facts and data.
C．A hypothetical example.
D．Other people’s experiences.
A　
3．What does“singing a different tune”(Para.5) probably mean？
_______
A．Learning a foreign song.　　　　　
B．Imitating others.
C．Having a different opinion.
D．Feeling very happy.
C　
4．What is the author most proud of as a Chinese？_______
A．Her love for her motherland.
B．Her hard work at school.
C．Her bond with her mother.
D．Assistance to others.
D　
课内要点探究
One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
我的梦想之一就是在非洲工作，在我退休后继续帮助残疾人。
(2020·天津高考)It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.
它能产生一种致聋的声音让人感觉太痛苦以至于使人暂时性的残疾。
重 点 单 词
1．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的
(2019·全国卷I)Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
一些职务需要15到24岁的学生，或达到29岁的残疾人。
导图理词
“the＋形容词”表一类人
“the＋形容词”表示性质或特征相同的一类人，如：the disabled残疾人，the deaf聋人，the dead死者，the blind盲人等。此时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
富人不一定总比穷人幸福。
用able的适当形式填空
①We didn’t abandon the baby with _____________ and decided to bring her up.
②I strongly advise that a special elevator be provided for the ___________.
③This kind of disease ___________ thousands of people every year.
④The disabled ______(be) well taken care of by the government.
disability　
disabled　
disables　
are　
(2020·天津高考)Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
Dr. Rowan的秘书两周前辞职了，所以他不得不自己打字。
He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。
He has, by submitting his resignation, expressed his unhappiness with the government’s decision.
他通过递交辞呈已表明对政府决定的不满。
2．resign vt. & vi.辞职；辞去
resign from 辞职；辞去；退出；从……辞职
resignation n．辞职；放弃；辞职书；顺从
submit one’s resignation提出辞职
单句语法填空
①The Council will meet to decide if it should accept his ______________ (resign)．
②He will resign _______ the post as a sales manager in two weeks.
完成句子
③He had ___________________________ after the severe fire accident.
大火事故过后，他递交了辞呈。
resignation　
from　
submitted his resignation　
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)There are many selfless people like Uncle Li around us, and they well deserve our respect.
我们身边有很多像李叔叔这样无私的人，他们非常值得我们尊重。
3．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
(2021·高考全国甲卷)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
对于尼克·伯奇尔在加拿大维多利亚的费尔蒙特皇后酒店被列入黑名单，海边的鸟至少应该受到部分指责。
You deserve to pay attention to this kind of syndromes.
你应该关注这类症状。
What deserves to be mentioned most is the theme of the Reading day—Reading Chinese Classics and Inheriting Chinese Culture.
最值得提到的就是阅读日的主题——阅读中国经典，继承中国文化。
deserve consideration/attention/praise 值得考虑/注意/赞扬
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
deserve doing＝deserve to be done 应该/值得被……
deserve用法点拨
(1)表示“很值得”，用well修饰deserve。
(2)后接动名词时，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接不定式的被动形式。有此类用法的词还有：need, want, require等。
单句语法填空
①Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves _____________ (achieve) the goal of entering the key university.
②All teachers deserve ______________________________ (recognize) for the contributions they make in our classrooms and in our country.
③Your suggestion deserves ____________________________________ (consider)．
to achieve　
recognizing/to be recognized　
consideration/considering/to be considered　
句型转换
④You deserve to make full use of your free time to improve your English.
→Your free time deserves ____________________ to improve your English.
to be made use of　
Her specialized input to the discussions has been very useful.
她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有帮助。
There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry.
工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。
4．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入　vt.输入
input into/to sth.投入资源(指时间、知识、思想等)；投入；输入
input of sth. ……的投入
output n. 产量，输出量； 输出
由动词短语转化而来的合成词
break out发生→outbreak n．爆发；发作
break down损坏→breakdown n．故障
put out生产；输出→output n．产量；输出
burst out迸发→outburst n．喷出；突发
come out出现；结果是→outcome n．结果；后果
完成句子
①The output should _______________________________.
输出应当与输入成比例。
②We listen to our employees and ____________________.
我们听取员工的想法，重视他们的意见和建议。
③_______________________ has increased by 8%.
工业产量增长了8%。
be proportional to the input　
value their input　
Manufacturing output　
None of them could sing in tune.
他们中没有一个人能唱得合调。
The piano is out of tune.
钢琴弹得走调了。
5．tune n. 曲调；曲子　vt. 调音；调节；调频道
These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject.
这些建议与我们在这个问题上的想法完全一致。
The President is out of tune with public opinion.
总统与公众舆论大唱反调。
in tune 音调正确；演奏合调
out of tune走调；不正确
be in tune (with sb./sth.) (与……)协调 /一致 /融洽
be out of tune (with sb./sth.) (与……)不协调，不一致，不融洽
tune in调整频率(至……), 调整(收音机、电视)
tune out不理，对……无反应
tune to调到……； (使)适合
tune up (乐队等为乐器)调音，定弦
Tune in to London tomorrow night at seven.
明晚七点调到伦敦电台收听。
Whatever you’re talking about, children rapidly tune out if you go beyond them.
不管你在说什么，如果你的话超出了孩子们的理解力，他们很快就不听了。
Tune in to your feelings and learn to know when to stop.
聆听自己的感觉，学会知道什么时候该停下。
The orchestra was tuning up as we entered the hall.
我们进入音乐厅时，管弦乐队正在调音。
单句语法填空
①It was just an ordinary voice, but he sang _____ tune.
②We always tune _____ at ten o’clock to hear the news.
③If your performance is boring, the audience will switch off and tune ______.
完成句子
④It’s no wonder the piano kept ____________________.
难怪钢琴一直不在调上。
in　
in　
out　
going out of tune　
The player is contracted to play until August.
这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。
Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.
有几位计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。
She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.
她已签订每周工作20小时的合同。
6．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)　n．合同；契约
contract with与……订立(某种协议或合同)，与……建立(某种关系)
contract for承建；承包；承办
contract in (to sth.) 订约参与
contract out (of sth.) 订约不参与；退出(或不参加)合约
contract sb. to sth. 与……订立合同(或契约)
contractual adj. 合同的，契约的； 按合同(或契约)规定的
contractor n. 承包人；承包商；承包公司
单句语法填空
①You can contract _______ us to deliver your car go.
②The Boston Museum of Fine Arts has already _____________ (contract) to lease part of its collection to a museum in Japan.
③He _____________ (contract)AIDS from a blood transfusion.
④Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer _____________ (contract) by women.
with　
contracted　
contracted　
contracted　
It will be my pleasure to be their guide and grant them an unforgettable and worthwhile trip.
我很高兴担任他们的向导，并给予他们一次难忘而又值得的旅行。
Another contributing factor is that Chinese students take parents’ financial support for granted.
另一个起作用的因素是中国学生把父母的金融支持视为理所当然。
7．grant vi. & vt.同意；准许；授予　n．拨款
(2019·江苏高考)Human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions.
人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。
(1)grant sb.sth.准予/给予某人某物
(2)take sth. for granted视某事为理所当然
take it for granted that理所当然地认为
完成句子
①I ___________________________ he would help us.
我理所当然认为他会帮助我们的。
②Nowadays kids always wanted expensive gifts and _______________.
现在，孩子们总是想要获得贵重的礼物，并认为这是理所当然的。
took it for granted that　
took it for granted　
The plans were drawn up in consultation with the World Health Organisation.
这些方案是在与世界卫生组织磋商之后起草的。
They will hold a consultation about the matter.
他们将会商量这件事。
8．consultation n．咨询；咨询会
in consultation with 与……磋商
consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查询
consult sb.about sth.向某人咨询某事
consult with sb.(about/on sth.)(就某事)与某人商量
consult的多层含义：
单句语法填空
①If you have any doubts about your health，you’d better __________ (consultation) your doctor at once.
②I have some questions about the problem，so I will consult him ________ it.
③That’s why we went and ____________(consult)Xiao Yang.
④Before you make any decision，you’d better consult _______ your parents about it.
consult　
about　
consulted　
with　
He relayed the message to his boss.
他将这个消息转给了他的老板。
The game was relayed by satellite to audiences all over the world.
这场比赛通过卫星向全世界的观众进行了转播。
9．relay vt.转发；转播　n．接力赛；接班的人
relay sth. to sb.把某物转发给某人
the 4×100m relay 4×100米接力赛
a relay team 接力队
the sprint relay 短跑接力赛
完成句子
①They tried out _____________________.
他们参加了接力赛跑的选拔赛。
②Can you ______________________？
你能传话给李先生吗？
单句语法填空
③Will you relay a message _____ him when you see him
for the relay race　
relay this to Mr Li　
to　
Being back with their family should provide emotional stability for the children.
回到家人身边会使儿童的情绪稳定下来。
It was a time of political stability and progress.
这是一段政治稳定和进步的时期。
10．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)
stable adj. 稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的
stably adv. 稳固地；稳定地；安定地
单句语法填空
①She lacks emotional ____________(stable).
②The situation is tending towards ____________(stable).
③This ladder doesn’t seem very _________(stability)．
④Some measures were taken to ensure the fan operating safely and _________(stable)．
stability　
stability　
stable　
stably　
They knelt down and prayed.
他们跪下来祷告。
She prayed to God for an end to her sufferings.
她祈求上帝结束她的苦难。
We prayed (that) she would recover from her illness.
我们为她的康复祈祷。
11．pray vi.& vt. 企盼；祈祷
We’re praying for good weather on Saturday.
我们企盼星期六是个晴天。
We have a beautiful city and we pray it stays that way.
我们的城市很美丽，但愿它能保持下去。
pray to sb. (for sth.)(因某事)向某人祈祷
pray for企盼；祈望
pray that 祈祷……； 但愿
prayer n. 祈祷(的内容); 祈祷文； 经文
单句语法填空
①I prayed _______ nobody would notice my mistake.
②She went to pray ______ the soul of her late husband.
③Will you pray _____ Our Lady for me
that　
for　
to　
I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.
我想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
Her husband was always there and she just took him for granted.
她丈夫随时都在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。
重 点 短 语
1．take for granted 认为……理所当然；对……不予重视
take sb./sth. for granted(因习以为常)对……不予重视；(因视为当然而)不把……当回事
take it for granted (that...) 认为……是理所当然
grant v. 承认； 同意； 准许； 授予
grant sth. to sb./sth.＝grant sb. sth.(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准予，允许
The bank finally granted a ￡500 loan to me.
＝The bank finally granted me a ￡500 loan.
银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。
单句语法填空
①We take having an endless supply of clean water for __________ (grant)．
②There are many things I take for __________(grant) and don’t even realize.
③I ______________(grant) permission to visit the palace.
granted　
granted　
was granted　
My mother was very much opposed to my going abroad.
我母亲非常反对我出国。
He was opposed to withdrawing their forces from this region.
他反对把他们的部队撤出这个地区。
2．be opposed to反对……(to是介词)
I object to / am opposed to making a judgement without evidence.
我反对在没有证据的情况下作出判断。
I have never subscribed to the view that females are not fit for this profession.
我向来不赞同女性不适合这个行业的观点。
单句语法填空
①The majority of members were opposed _____ my proposal, which upset me greatly.
②We are strongly __________(oppose) to racial prejudice.
③Many local people opposed ___________(build) the new airport.
④Some people are in favour _____ reform，and others have concerns.
to　
opposed　
building　
of　
句型转换
⑤I was against the unfair judgement.
→__________________________________
→_________________________________________
→______________________________________
I opposed the unfair judgement.　
I was opposed to the unfair judgement.　
I objected to the unfair judgement.　
(1)句中that are still in need of development 为that引导的定语从句，先行词为many areas, that在定语从句中作主语。
重 点 句 型
1．Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development
当中国仍然有许多地区需要发展时，为什么要帮助海外的人？
(2)in need of 需要
He is homeless and in desperate need of help.
他无家可归，急需帮助。
He was injured, and in need of help.
他受了伤，需要帮助。
in need of，in need
in need of “需要……”，为介词短语，后跟名词或代词，相当于in want/demand of
in need “在贫困中，在危难中”，后不接任何成分，相当于in demand
完成句子
①This group aims to help those who are _______________________.
这个组织旨在帮助那些需要知识的人。
②There _______________________ what you are not able to do.
没必要对你不能做的事感到遗憾。
in need of knowledge　
is no need to regret　
(1)you see，意为“你知道，你明白”，在句中作插入语。
You see, we have a problem of our own.
你知道，我们也有自己的问题。
Well, you see, you shouldn’t really feel that way about it.
好了，知道吗，对那件事你真的不应该那么想。
2．You see, my mother is a medical doctor, and for the last two years, she has been working as a volunteer consultant in Tanzania, Africa, as a part of a medical team sent by the Chinese government.
你知道，我妈妈是一名医生，在过去的两年里，她作为中国政府派出的医疗队的一员，一直在非洲坦桑尼亚担任志愿者顾问。
(2)句中she has been working as a volunteer consultant in Tanzania时态为现在完成进行时，此时态的构成为have /has ＋been ＋doing, 表示一个在过去发生并持续到现在的动作(这个动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)，用于表达事件的持续性。由于现在完成进行时是完成时和进行时的组合，所以它同时具备完成时和进行时的特征。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有两千年的造纸历史。(强调还将继续造纸，不会停止造纸)
—Why, Jack, you look so tired
——杰克，你为什么看上去很累？
—Well, I have been painting the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
——对，我一直在粉刷屋子，而且明天必须得刷完。(强调一直在做，并且还将持续)
单句语法填空
①Mary _________________(go) to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week.
解析：考查时态。句意：从6月开始，玛丽每天晚上去上写作课，这个课程将于这周结束。玛丽上写作课的动作从过去的6月份持续到未来的这周，所以要用现在完成进行时。故答案为has been going。
has been going　
②Since the time humankind started gardening, we _________________ (try)to make our environment more beautiful.
解析：考查时态。关键词是since自从……；since引导的从句经常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。句意：自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。本句使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性和反复性。故答案为have been trying。
have been trying　
3．Now that I understand how important my mother’s work is, I’ve decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我母亲的工作是多么重要，我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他地区的人们。
句中Now that I understand how important my mother’s work is为now that引导的原因状语从句，now that意为 “既然；由于”。
Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当行动。
Now that you’ve seen the house, I’ll show you the grounds.
既然屋子你已看过了， 我领你参观一下庭院。
单句语法填空
①Now _______ the children have cleaned up, you can let them go.
②Now _______ the problem is solved, nothing remains to be said.
that　
that　
本句是一个部分倒装句。not only位于第一个分句句首，则该分句部分倒装；后一个分句，即but后面不用倒装。
Not only should we keep a healthy diet, but we should also balance our studies and relaxation.
我们不仅要健康饮食，我们也应该平衡我们的学习和放松。
4．Not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
不仅坦桑尼亚人被这所医院帮助，邻近国家的人也得到了帮助。
Not only will we enjoy a large meal, but we will also set fireworks, having fun with each other.
我们不仅可以享用一大顿美餐，也可以放烟花，玩得不亦乐乎。
Not only can music make you happy, excited, but it also can make you upset or calm.
音乐不仅让你高兴、激动，也会让你难过或冷静。
“否定副词”位于句首时的倒装
除了 not only 之外，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装，把助动词置于主语之前。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is.
他不太明白这个会议的重要性。
完成句子
①Never ______________________ getting fake notes or having no change.
我们永远都不用担忧得到假钱或者没有零钱。
will we worry about　
②________________________ to communicate with strangers, but I also picked up some extra-curricular knowledge.
我不仅学会了与陌生人交流，我也学了一些课外知识。
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)She teaches us _______________________________ but also how to be a good person.
她不仅教我们如何获得知识，也教我们如何成为一个好人。
Not only did I learn　
not only how to gain knowledge　
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We’re getting ________(信息) from gobs of sources.
2．She was humming a merry little _______(曲子).
3．They can transfer or share the ___________(合约) with whoever they choose.
4．The decision was taken after close _______________(磋商) with local residents.
5．Messengers will ________(接转) your letters.
input　
tune　
contract　
consultation　
relay　
6．Peace and ____________(稳定) in the world need the active involvement of China.
7．The earth takes a year to make a __________(环形) of the sun.
8．You are asked to swallow a __________(胶囊) containing vitamin B．
9．Practice is the sole ____________(标准) for testing truth.
stability　
circuit　
capsule　
criterion　
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．All this information had to ___________ (input)onto the computer.
2．Today, his change of direction seems more _____ tune with the times.
3．Many employees _____________(contract) out of the pension plan.
4．She chose _____________ (consult)dentists.
5．Instructions _______________(relay) to him by phone.
be input　
in　
contracted　
to consult　
were relayed　
6．Doctors said his condition was serious but _________(stability).
7．One can only pray _______ the team’s manager learns something from it.
8．Never for a moment take for __________ (grant)that love would stay there forever.
stable　
that　
granted　
Ⅲ.选词填空
in need of，relay...to, take care of，be opposed to，to be honest，in addition，contribute to，take it for granted
1．Mary was told the news first and then she __________ it _____ her classmates.
2．Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students _____________ financial aid.
3．The little girl made the choice to withdraw from college to _______________ her sick mother.
relayed　
to　
in need of　
take care of　
4．_______________，I don’t think we have a chance of winning the match tomorrow.
5．I ______________________ that they had arrived at the appointed place already.
6．______________，when it comes to practicing our musical instruments，I have to practice more than double the time.
7．As far as I am concerned，each of us can ________________ the future of the world.
8．At first he _________________ the idea, but later he came around.
To be honest　
took it for granted　
In addition　
contribute to　
was opposed to　
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．_________________________ if we pay a visit to Mount Tai with our friends
咱们和朋友们去泰山岂不更好？
2．__________ the people present at the meeting don’t agree to our suggestion
要是参会的人不同意我们的建议怎么办？
Wouldn’t it be better　
What if　
3．_____________________ whether your answer is right or wrong，and just speak it out.
你的答案是对还是错没关系，把它说出来。
4．_______________________ you take the test when you are still in school.
我想建议你在上学时就参加这个测验。
It doesn’t matter　
I’d like to suggest　
5．_________ you have expressed your determination，you should act.
你既表达了决心，就应该见之于行动。
6．_________________ the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
由于严重的水灾，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要被修理。
Now that　
As a result of　
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
We 1．____________(see) Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world, 2．__________(help)other countries to develop. But why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need 3．_____ development
My mother 4．___________(send)as well to Tanzania，Africa two years ago. To be honest, I was unhappy. But now I have learned about her work in Tanzania，a country 5．________ there are many health problems and many people live without things we take for 6．__________(grant).
have seen　
helping　
of　
was sent　
where　
granted　
In the past they went without medical 7．____________(treat) and some even died. Now Chinese medical team has made 8．____ big difference to their lives. My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages 9．_____________ (provide) consultation and training for local doctors.
Today, I am 10．_____________(support) of my mother’s work. By any criteria this work is worth it.
treatment　
a　
to provide　
supportive　
夯基提能作业(共43张PPT)
UNIT 4　SHARING
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
单元语法精析
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。
He failed to get the first prize in the match.
他在比赛中没有获得一等奖。
在这个句子中the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。
短　语
一、名词短语(NP)
名词短语的构成： (限定词)＋(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语) 。在句中当作名词用， 一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
More than 50 million people have been reported to be infected by the novel coronavirus globally. (作主语)
报告称全球已有逾5 000万人感染了新冠病毒。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)A guide led us to the strawberry field. (作宾语补足语)
一名向导领着我们到了草莓地。
Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes. (作表语)
很多人， 包括医生、护士和科学家是真正的英雄。
注意：名词与介词的固定搭配
[点津]名词短语中的限定词
在名词短语的“构成”中， 限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。
名词＋to key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等
名词＋in interest，expert等
名词＋on congratulations，effect等
二、动词短语(VP)
动词短语是由以实意动词为中心词，后加宾语或状语构成。其构成形式较灵活，是一种自由词组。
Experts said the vaccine has undergone proper testing and is safe.
专家说疫苗已经经过充分测试， 是安全的。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills.
她的丈夫做两份工作来还账单。
短语动词(phrasal verbs)是一种固定的词组，通常以动词为中心，由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。
1．短语动词的构成
(1)动词＋副词
clear away清除掉　put away收起　die away消失　call back回电话　look back回顾　walk back走回　break down出故障　calm down平静下来　get down咽下　come up上来　blow up爆炸　turn up出现　show off炫耀　give off散发　take off脱下　break out发生　blow out吹灭　run out 用完
Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey.
传统上，大学生在开始他们新的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。
Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.
无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。
[点津]“动词＋副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on，think it over。
(2)动词＋介词
bring about引起　look about 环顾四周　seek for寻找
burst into闯入　turn into使变成　look into调查　see to处理　devote to贡献给　deal with处理　glance at匆匆一瞥　work at从事，致力于　aim at向……瞄准　differ from与……不同　result from由于　insist on坚持　rely on依靠　bring in引进　hope for希望得到　combine with联合　lead to导致，通向　set about着手
I’m so glad you’ve come here to see to this matter in person.
我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。
You look well.The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.
你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。
(3)动词＋副词＋介词
add up to总计　keep away from不靠近　look down on轻视　keep up with赶上　make up for弥补　get on with相处　get close to接近　get out of逃避，避免　do away with废除　do well in在……干得好　put up with忍受　catch up with赶上　look up to仰望，尊敬　run out of用完　look forward to期望　go on with继续　get down to认真开始　break away from脱离，放弃
He will have to find some other work，for he can’t put up with this loud noise any more.
他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。
A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.
一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的意思。
(4)动词＋名词＋介词
catch sight of看见，瞥见　make use of利用　pay attention to注意　make sense of理解　take notice of注意到　take the place of代替　take part in参加　take pride in为……自豪　take advantage of利用　make room for为……腾出空间　keep up with与……保持联系
James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.
为给电视机腾出空间，詹姆斯把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。
[点津]短语动词使用时须注意的几点
(1)在短语动词中，副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间。
The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
这对年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。
He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.
他存了一点钱以备不时之需。
When you do not understand a new word，you can look it up in this dictionary.
当你不理解新单词的时候，你可以查字典。
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
这种方法相当新，你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。
(2)在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。
We have brought in a good harvest for three years.
我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。
We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
在警察来之前，请远离事故现场。
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holiday.
经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。
(3)有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时它们相当于不及物动词。
Mr Wang’s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
王先生的新汽车坏了，他不得不又骑自行车去上班。
The crowd broke up after the football games.
足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。
(4)①同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。
break down坏了；出故障；break up拆散；解体；驱散break in闯入；插话；break off忽然停止讲话；断绝；break out爆发；逃出；break through冲破；突破；战胜
②不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。
make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化妆
show up出席；露面；揭露
hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情
set up创立；建立；树立；资助
put up提出；举起；建造
take up拿起；举起；开始(某)活动
(5)一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对它们作出恰当理解。
Hurry up，children！The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)
快点，孩子们！飞机很快就要起飞了。
After entering the room，he took off his coat.(脱下)
进入房间后，他脱下了外套。
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.(休假)
老板告诉他，11月他会有两个星期的假。
The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)
当有人告诉那个女人她妈妈死了的时候，她崩溃了。
Interrupted by hackers，the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)
由于黑客的干扰，那家公司的电脑系统瘫痪了。
Negotiations between the boss and workers have broken down.(失败)
老板和工人之间的谈判失败了。
(6)短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.
据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。
注意：动词与介词的固定搭配
动词＋about speak，talk，think，worry等
动词＋for answer，call，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等
动词＋at aim，call，glare，glance，knock，laugh，point，stare等
动词＋from date，differ，hear，keep，stop，prevent，learn，protect，result，separate，suffer等
动词＋of approve，complain，consist，die，dream，think等
动词＋on call，carry，depend，feed，insist，pass，try，rely等
动词＋in break，call，cut，drop，fill，get，hand，join，persist，result，succeed等
动词＋into burst，change，divide等
动词＋to agree，attend，belong，compare，devote，lead，object，point，refer，reply等
三、形容词短语(AdjP)
形容词短语的构成：(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)。 在句中当作形容词用， 可以修饰名词或代词， 还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
(2020· 天津高考)I have found you charming and intelligent. (作宾语补足语)
我发现你很有魅力， 很聪明。
A Chinese painting show is always attractive. (作表语)
国画展总是很有吸引力。
注意：形容词与介词的固定搭配
形容词＋at angry，mad，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，disappointed等
形容词＋of afraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，sick，tired，sure，certain，full，fond，proud，worthy等
形容词＋with angry，connected，content，familiar，generous，gentle，patient，pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等
形容词＋in weak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experienced，confident等
形容词＋to good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等
形容词＋for sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等
形容词＋about sorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等
四、副词短语(AdvP)
副词短语的构成：(副词)＋副词。在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)He is so humorous，responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much.
他如此幽默、负责任、无私以至于我非常尊重并喜欢他。
Equally importantly，we should develop a good habit of living.
同样重要的是， 我们应该养成一种良好的生活习惯。
五、介词短语(PreP)
介词短语的构成： 介词＋宾语。能充当介词后宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词的-ing形式等。在句中作表语、定语或状语。
The world’s population is likely to peak at 9.7 billion in 2064． (作状语)
世界人口可能会在2064年达到97亿的峰值。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control，our neighborhood has been in a good state. (作表语)
幸亏他在疫情防控方面做的努力， 才使得我们社区状况良好。
六、短语的句法功能须注意的几点
(1)介词短语作定语时要后置
The boy under the tree is Tom.
树下的那个男孩是汤姆。
The tallest boy in our class is John.
我们班最高的那个男孩是约翰。
(2)单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy.
对他来讲，买一辆价值八万美元的车不算太贵。
At three，she was taller than playmates seven or eight years old.
她三岁时已高于一些七八岁的玩伴。
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one.
史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大两倍的车库。
He has booked the seats farthest from the door on the train for us.
他已经为我们预订了火车上离车门最远的座位。
语法专题练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． I suggest that you think about it very ____________(careful)．
2．Mary and Jane are quite ____________(difference)．
3．He spoke too __________(quick) for me to understand.
4．It _________(real) works very well.
5．Could you say it more _________(slow)
carefully　
different　
quickly　
really　
slowly　
6．The war killed ___________(million)of people.
7．Our holidays in Hangzhou were really ____________(enjoy) and unforgettable.
8．The woman is working ___________(silence) in the room.
millions　
enjoyable　
silently　
Ⅱ.判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型
A well-known old man(　　　) was being interviewed(　　　) and was asked if it was really correct(　　　　) that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday(　　　)．“That’s very right(　　　　)，”said the old man.“Ninety-nine years old, and I haven’t an enemy(　　　) in the world(　　　　). They’re all dead.” “Well, sir，” said the interviewer(　　　)，“I hope very much(　　　　)to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday(　　　)．”The old man looked at the young man very closely(　　　　), and said，“I can’t see(　　　) why you shouldn’t. You look fit and healthy! And aren’t you strong enough(　　　　)？”
NP　
VP　
AdjP　
NP　
AdjP　
NP　
PrepP　
NP　
AdvP　
NP　
AdvP　
VP　
AdjP　
语法主题应用
根据提示翻译下列语段。
上周日，我们所在的志愿者小组到汽车站(PrepP)参加了一次服务活动。一到车站，我们就受到了热烈的欢迎(NP)；有的同学打扫候车室(VP)，有的为旅客提供信息、搬运行李(VP)等；虽然很累，但是我们感到很开心(AdjP)。最为重要的是(AdvP)，我们能够为他人做些事情。
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Last Sunday, our volunteer group took part in a voluntary activity at the bus station (PrepP)．On arriving there, we were given a warm welcome(NP). Some students cleaned the waiting room(VP) while the others offered the passengers the information they needed and carried the luggage(VP) for them. Although we were tired, we felt very happy (AdjP). Most importantly(AdvP), we can do something for others.
夯基提能作业Unit 4　Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021·威海高二检测)
Organizers of Paris 2024 have suggested that breakdancing(霹雳舞) should be included as a new sport in the Olympic sports. The committee is pleased with the suggestion as it is in line with its aim of rejuvenating the Olympics. But, what is breakdancing on earth
Breakdancing is not simply a style of dance. It’s a unique culture with its own history. Popularized by African Americans and US Latinos, breakdancing is an energetic form of dance including stylized footwork and moves such as spinning on the head, hands or knees. It arose in New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s from martial arts moves. The moves, originally learned as a form of self-defence eventually developed into the complex and athletic moves of today’s breakdancing.
Breakdancing is largely improvisational(即兴的)without standard moves or steps. The key is on energy, movement, creativity and certain danger. The people who perform this style of dance are known as b-boys or b-girls. They are also called breakers.
From those early roots, breakdancing began to add different moves to their routines, such as “pops”and “locks”， which brought a robotic quality to the dance. That style was popularized in the early 1970s by artists of the time. In the 1980s breakdancing reached a greater audience when it was adopted by mainstream artists like Michael Jackson. Jackson’s moonwalk, a step that involved sliding backward and lifting the soles of the feet so that he appeared to be sliding or floating, caused huge excitement among teens of all races.
With the growing popularity over the years, breakdancing has gone from a street phenomenon to one that is accepted by the wider culture.
Breakdancing is universal and it is popular with more than one million b-boys and b-girls in France. We hope the energetic dance is to be in the Olympic Games.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霹雳舞，并呼吁将其纳入奥运会运动项目。
1．Which of the following best describes breakdancing？__C__
A．Unique and defensive.
B．Standard but dangerous.
C．Energetic and creative.
D．Improvisational but simple.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“breakdancing is an energetic form of dance(霹雳舞是一种充满活力的舞蹈)”及第三段“The key is on energy, movement，creativity and certain danger. (关键是在于活力、动作、创造性和一定的危险。)”可知，霹雳舞是充满活力和有创造性的。故选C。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about breakdancing __A__
A．Its features and history.
B．Its birthplace and audience.
C．Its changes and culture.
D．Its moves and complexity.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，霹雳舞是一种有活力的舞蹈形式，包括程式化步法和诸如头、手和膝盖的转动动作。根据“during the late 1960s and early 1970s”及“eventually”等关键词汇可知，第二段主要告诉我们霹雳舞的特点和历史。故选A。
3．Why did breakdancing attract more people in the 1980s __D__
A．It took on a robotic look.
B．It caused excitement among teens.
C．It involved pops and locks.
D．It was adopted by mainstream artists.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the 1980s breakdancing reached a greater audience when it was adopted by mainstream artists like Michael Jackson.”可知，在20世纪80年代，由于霹雳舞被像迈克尔·杰克逊这样的主流艺术家采用，所以吸引了更多的观众。故选D。
4．What might be the purpose of writing the text？__C__
A．To popularize breakdancing worldwide.
B．To explain what breakdancing is on earth.
C．To promote breakdancing to an Olympic sport.
D．To introduce the development of breakdancing.
解析：写作目的题。通读全文，结合第一段第一句“巴黎2024年奥运会的组织者建议霹雳舞作为奥运会一种新的运动被包含在内”可知，文章先是提出“巴黎奥运会组织者建议霹雳舞纳入奥运会项目”，接下来具体介绍了这种舞蹈形式，最后一段再次呼吁“We hope the energetic dance is to be in the Olympic Games.(我们希望这个充满活力的舞蹈会在奥运会中。)”。由此可知，本文的目的是促进霹雳舞被纳入奥运会运动项目。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The sense of humor is one of the most powerful tools you have for getting rid of any source of stress in your life. 1．__F__ We can’t over-estimate the importance of the sense of humor too much. In fact, making work fun helps employees perform best and provide quality work.
2．__D__ Telling jokes and stories and using team-building games in companies make people have more fun at work. Some companies even have talent shows or hold dance or sports competitions. It just gives employees a break in the day and a chance to laugh at themselves.
3．__B__ Humor should be about laughing with rather than laughing at others. We all have probably heard jokes that seemed to bother or hurt others. For example, jokes making fun of employees for their weight, race, religion, etc. are not only harmful to the person, but also can create an unfriendly working environment.
Even if the jokes were intended to be humorous, they may not be received that way. I have even heard speakers make slight dirty jokes on the audience, thinking they would be seen as cool. In fact the audience thought the speakers had no taste. 4．__A__ In another case, I heard about a manager who was out partying with co-workers and kidding about how the boss liked certain people more than others. Such jokes actually had damaging effects on people in the company.
Humor, if proper, can brighten up the workplace and reduce some of the stress we are all experiencing. 5．__E__
A．And they lost people’s respect as a result.
B．Of course, it is important to use proper humor at work.
C．Everyone agreed that their work needed to be more fun.
D．There are plenty of ways to bring humor into the workplace.
E．So take a moment to laugh and help us all to feel happier at work.
F．In addition, laughter can brighten up the feelings of everyone around.
G．The most obvious way to make your job fun is to learn to find some humor.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍幽默感的重要性以及在使用幽默的过程中应该注意方式和方法。
解析：
1．根据前一句“The sense of humor is one of the most powerful tools you have for getting rid of any source of stress in your life.”可知，幽默感是最强大的技能之一，能够让你应对生活中的压力，本句阐述幽默的好处和意义，而F选项“另外，幽默也可以让周围的人感到开心”紧接前文，切题。故选F。
2．根据后一句“Telling jokes and stories and using team-building games in companies make people have more fun at work.”可知，讲笑话，讲故事，以及团建游戏能够让职员感到高兴，这是在讲述在工作场合中的幽默方式，D选项“有很多方法把幽默带到工作场所”切题。故选D。
3．根据后文“Humor should be about laughing with rather than laughing at others.”可知，幽默应该是让别人笑，而不是嘲笑别人，故可知，幽默应该讲求方式和方法，B选项“当然，在工作中使用适当的幽默是很重要的”切题。故选B。
4．根据前一句“In fact the audience thought the speakers had no taste.”可知，事实上，观众会认为演讲者没有品位，因此演讲者就不会得到大家的尊重。故选A。
5．根据前一句“Humor, if proper, can brighten up the workplace and reduce some of the stress we are all experiencing.”可知，使用合理的话，幽默可以让工作中的职员高兴，减轻压力，E选项“花点时间来笑一下，也让别人在工作中感到开心”切题。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month. My wife Catherine and I were driving along what some people called moose (麋鹿) alley. It was so 1．__D__ that there were few cars on the road. 2．__D__， something happened. A moose jumped out across our path. I had been driving for years and was good at driving. In order to 3．__A__ knocking into the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane. If I had not done that, the moose might have been killed, and my wife and I might have got 4．__D__， too. A few seconds later, when I 5．__C__ and looked back in my rear view mirror, the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush. Shaken but 6．__B__， we both looked at each other with a surprised expression.
From then on, I often thought about the relationship between humans and 7．__D__. We know that animal species have appeared and disappeared 8．__C__ since life began on the Earth. This is a(n) 9．__B__ phenomenon. However, animal species have been 10．__A__ at a much faster rate for about a century now 11．__C__ human factors such as pollution.
Certain philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don’t save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves. A better 12．__D__ of animals gives us a better understanding of our own species. The 13．__D__ to protect animals and nature in general 14．__A__ the value of a society. And all animals play roles in nature and have a right to 15．__B__. Therefore, I think we should try our best to save endangered animals, because humans cannot live on the Earth alone.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。经历一次交通小事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1．A．cool　　 B．quiet
C．wide 　　　　 D．early
解析：根据上文中的“It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month.”以及下文中的“there were few cars on the road”可知，马路上车少是因为当时还很早(early)。
2．A．Expectedly　　　　 B．Obviously
C．Fortunately 　　　　 D．Suddenly
解析：根据下文的“A moose jumped out”可知，突然(suddenly)，有事情发生了。
3．A．avoid　　 B．keep
C．delay 　　　　 D．excuse
解析：根据下文中的“If I had not done that, the moose might have been killed”可知，这里是指为了“避免”撞上这头麋鹿。
4．A．shocked　　 B．lost
C．disappointed 　　　　 D．injured
解析：作者的车如果跟麋鹿相撞，那么他跟妻子也可能会受伤。get injured “受伤”。
5．A．understood　　　　 B．thought
C．stopped 　　　　 D．tried
解析：根据下文中的“looked back in my rear view mirror”可知，作者当时把车停(stopped)了下来，从后视镜里看到那头麋鹿起身，随后跑进了树丛。
6．A．worried　　　　 B．fine
C．sad 　　　　 D．scared
解析：我们虽然受到惊吓，但是没事(fine)。
7．A．lands　　　　 B．roads
C．plants 　　　　 D．wildlife
解析：根据下文可知，从那以后，作者经常思考人类与野生动物(wildlife)的关系。
8．A．exactly　　　　 B．silently
C．continually 　　　　 D．mysteriously
解析：我们知道，自从地球上出现生命以后，动物物种不断地(continually)出现并灭绝。
9．A．strange　　　　 B．natural
C．unusual 　　 D．recent
解析：由常识可知这是个自然(natural)现象。
10．A．decreasing　　　　 B．developing
C．appearing 　　　　 D．changing
解析：根据下文的“human factors such as pollution”可知，动物物种一直以更快的速度在减少(decreasing)。
11．A．according to　　　　 B．instead of
C．because of 　　　　 D．along with
解析：根据上下文可知，这里表示原因，故用because of。
12．A．treatment　　 B．performance
C．world 　　　　 D．knowledge
解析：更好地了解动物，才能更好地了解我们人类。“a better knowledge of”和“a better understanding of”都是“更了解”的意思。
13．A．way　　　　 B．law
C．hope 　　　　 D．will
解析：全文都在讲保护动物，结合四个选项可知只有will符合语境，即保护动物和自然的意愿。
14．A．shows　　　　 B．includes
C．predicts 　　　　 D．protects
解析：这里指保护动物和自然的意愿显示了社会价值。
15．A．escape　　　　 B．survive
C．refuse 　　　　 D．select
解析：所有动物在自然界中都有自己的角色，它们都有权利生存(survive)。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People love the view of old buildings in Paris, especially Notre Dame Cathedral(巴黎圣母院). 1．__Unfortunately__(fortunate), on April 16,2019, a fire destroyed the spire(尖顶) of the 850-year-old cathedral, and two-thirds of the roof. Flames could be seen 2．__rising__(rise) through the top of the monument. The citizens in Paris gathered around the cathedral, praying 3．__for__ the hundreds of firefighters who fought the flames. 4．__It__ was no wonder that people felt sad. The church itself after all, is a historical and artistic treasure. 5．__Built__(build) in 1163, it is one of the world’s most famous tourist sites, attracting about 12 million 6．__visitors__(visit) every year.
Notre Dame Cathedral is home to many 7．__religious__(religion) artworks, paintings and sculptures. Despite its long history and many treasures, the cathedral 8．__needed__(need) the help of a writer to become truly famous. Victor Hugo’s 1831 novel, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, presented the building to 9．__a__ wide audience of readers. He wrote the book to remind people of it, with the hope 10．__that__ they would protect the beautiful old buildings of Paris.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一场大火烧毁了有着850年历史的巴黎圣母院大教堂的尖顶和三分之二的屋顶，还介绍了巴黎圣母院成名的原因。
解析：
1．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，2019年4月16日，一场大火烧毁了这座有着850年历史的大教堂的尖顶和三分之二的屋顶。修饰后文整个句子用副词。故填Unfortunately。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：可以看到火焰正从这个历史遗迹的顶部升起。分析句子结构可知，此处是see sb./sth. doing的被动结构，意为“某人/物被看见正在做某事”。故填rising。
3．考查介词。句意：巴黎市民聚集在大教堂周围，为数百名救火队员祈祷。短语pray for“为……祈祷”。故填for。
4．考查固定句式。句意：难怪人们感到悲伤。根据固定句式it was/is no wonder that...“难怪……”，it作形式主语。故填It。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：教堂本身毕竟是一个历史和艺术宝藏，建于1163年，是世界上最著名的旅游景点之一，每年吸引约1,200万游客。分析句子结构可知，build在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语it(指代church)构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填Built。
6．考查名词的数。句意同上。此处作attract的宾语，表示“游客”应用名词visitor，且visitor为可数名词，由12 million修饰，故用复数形式。故填visitors。
7．考查形容词。句意：巴黎圣母院是许多宗教艺术品、绘画和雕塑的故乡。修饰名词artworks应用形容词，表示“宗教的”。故填religious。
8．考查时态。句意：尽管有着悠久的历史和许多珍宝，这座大教堂需要一位作家的帮助才能真正出名。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填needed。
9．考查冠词。句意：维克多·雨果1831年的小说《巴黎圣母院》向广大读者介绍了这座建筑。audience为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且wide为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
10．考查连接词。句意：他写这本书是为了提醒人们，希望他们能保护巴黎美丽的古老建筑。本句为同位语从句，解释说明hope，且从句中不缺少成分。故填that。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假如你是李华，获知你的英国朋友Eric在汉语书法比赛中获得一等奖。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1． 表示祝贺；
2． 赠送名家字帖。
注意：
1． 词数80左右；
2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：字帖 calligraphy copybook
参考范文：
Dear Eric，
Congratulations on your winning the first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest!
As is known to all, calligraphy is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. It is really amazing for a foreigner to write Chinese characters so well. I’ve already had a copybook of Wang Xizhi’s works delivered to you. I hope it can be of some help.
I’m looking forward to your greater progress in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua(共24张PPT)
UNIT 4　SHARING
Section Ⅳ　写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
在日常生活中，人们为参加会议或者集会时表达自己的意见、看法，或者汇报思想、工作情况等而准备的文稿就是发言稿。
在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场合发表的发言稿也称之为演讲稿或者演说辞。演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体。它可以用来交流思想、感情，表达主张、见解，也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等。
演 讲 稿
演讲稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在情感上产生共鸣。
演讲稿的基本组成部分包括：称呼语→正文(提出论题、进行论证、得出结论)→结束语。具体来说为：
1．开始时对听众的称呼语
(1)常用称呼语如Dear friends/Dear fellow students/Good morning，ladies and gentlemen/Good afternoon，everyone等，其后用逗号。
(2)有时在称呼语后用一句客套语过渡。如：It is a great honour for me to give my speech here today.
2．提出论题
提出论题的方法各种各样，最常用的是开门见山直奔主题，如：The topic of my speech today is...；有时采用举例法；另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，可以从列举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3．论证
论证就是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等。列举讲话要点，常用first of all，secondly，finally等。
4．结论
结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。有时会加上一句总结性的话。如： In a word...；Only in this way can we...。
5．结尾
结尾要干净利落。
常用的结束语有：
Thank you very much for your attention.
Thanks for listening.
常用表达
1．Good morning/afternoon/evening，everyone.
2．I’m very proud that I can tell you something about...
3．I am very happy to show my opinion about...
4．In my opinion，we students should not drop litter carelessly and walk or ride to school as soon as possible.
5．Every one of us should think about future.
6．As long as we work together，I’m sure our beautiful dream will come true.
7．That’s all.Thank you!
精品展示
实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇主题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。
为何倾听 表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系
谁来倾听 家长倾听孩子 理解孩子，消除代沟
老师倾听学生 了解学生，满足需求
同学相互倾听 增进友谊，互帮互学
怎样倾听 请联系实际拟定内容
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数80左右。
3．演讲稿中不得提及所在学校及本人姓名。
审题谋篇
第一步　明确要求
本文要求写一篇主题为“当一个优秀的倾听者”的演讲稿，故要用一般现在时。人称使用第一人称、第三人称。
第二步　确定段落
Para.1：提出论题。
Para.2：进行论证。
Para.3：得出结论。
第三步　核心词汇
1．表示尊重______________________________
2．改善人际关系_____________________________________
3．消除代沟_______________________________________
4．满足需求___________________________________________
5．互帮互学_________________________________
show respect/be respectful　
improve interpersonal relationship　
narrow/eliminate the generation gap　
meet/satisfy one’s needs/requirements　
help and learn from each other　
第四步　连词成句
1．良好的倾听能显示出对人的尊敬。
Good listening can _________________________.
2．良好的倾听能改善人际关系。
Good listening can _____________________________________.
3．同学应该多互相倾听。
__________________________________________________.
show respect to people　
improve interpersonal relationship　
Students should listen more to their classmates　
4．多向同学们倾听不但能增进友谊，还可以互帮互学。
Listening more to their classmates can ___________________________ _________________________________.
5．我想强调的是我们每个人都应该多倾听他人。
_________________________________________________________
not only promote their friendship but also help and learn from each other　
I want to stress that each of us should listen more to others.　
第五步　句式升级
1．用“only＋方式状语”引起的倒装句合并上面第1、2句。
Only by good listening ________________________________________ ______________________.
2．用非谓语动词作状语合并上面第3、4句。
Students should listen more to their classmates，thus _______________ __________________________________________.
3．用含主语从句的句子改写上面第5句。
_____________________ is that each of us should listen more to others.
can we show respect to people and improve interpersonal relationship　
promoting their friendship and helping and learning from each other　
What I want to stress　
第六步　连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Good afternoon，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”．
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.Only by good listening can we show respect to people and improve interpersonal relationship.Parents should listen more to their children，so they will understand them better，and find it easy to narrow the generation gap；
teachers should listen more to their students，then they can meet their needs better，and place themselves in a good relationship with their students；students should listen more to their classmates，thus promoting their friendship and helping and learning from each other.
写作训练
(2020·深圳市普通高中高二年级统一考试)假定你是李华，是光明中学的学生会主席。你所在的城市要举办中学生演讲活动，以致敬奋战在抗击新型冠状病毒第一线的医护人员。你被选中代表学校参加演讲活动，请你写一篇演讲稿。内容包括以下几点：
(1)对医护人员的付出和结果表示感谢；
(2)对中学生提出倡议：尽己所能，支持医护人员的工作。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头已给出，不计入总词数；
(3)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Good morning, boys and girls!
I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union of Guangming Middle School.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Good morning, boys and girls!
I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union of Guangming Middle School.
It is my great honor to give a speech on behalf of my school. During this epidemic, the medical staff all over the country risked their lives to rescue the infected people. Here let me thank them for their selfless dedication. Thanks to their joint efforts，we have now brought the epidemic under control. To secure our final success, I call on all of us to try our best to support their work. We are bound to win the battle.
Thanks for listening.
夯基提能作业Unit 4　Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The most beautiful tourist __attraction__(attract) in China is the West Lake.
2．He was very __confused__(confuse) about the result of the exam.
3．I believe he will give up __the__ bad habit.
4．Most __importantly__(importance), everyone should have a positive attitude.
5．That’s all for my __introduction__(introduce)．
6．Students of various cultures can communicate __with__ each other.
7．(2020·天津高考)Nothing can __be achieved__(achieve) without dedication and frustration.
8．I am __terribly__(terrible) sorry to have you waiting for such a long time.
Ⅱ.判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型
1．Large-scale production of the vaccine will start in September.(！！！！　NP　####)
2．Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students.(！！！！　NP　####)
3．All the students shout loudly and happily.(！！！！　AdvP　####)
4．If you can join us, we will be very happy.(！！！！　Adjp　####)
5．More than 5, 800 Americans gave up their citizenship in the first six months of 2020．(！！！！　PrepP　####)
6．You can get through this difficult period.(！！！！　VP　####)
7．I’m writing to invite you to join us in a visit to the oiled paper umbrella factory.(！！！！　PrepP　####)
8．I won a prize for creative writing in a city-level competition last year.(！！！！　VP　####)
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Volunteers abroad always return home feeling like they made a really worthy contribution to the area they visit.It’s quite right because any volunteer organization will put your skills to work in the most valuable way possible.Volunteer teaching in Africa is one of the areas where help is always wanted.Even if you don’t have teaching qualifications (资格)right now, it doesn’t mean you won’t be welcome.
Many volunteer teaching assistants are people in the early years of their studies.Others have no long-term teaching plans but a willingness to take on new challenges and help wherever they can.It’s not just classroom work either.For example, recent storms in Livingstone in Zambia took the roof off the local school.Volunteer teaching assistants rolled up their sleeves and helped put it back on again.
Teaching in Africa is more than sitting in classrooms with young children.If sports education is your thing, there are opportunities for you to help teach your skills with notable programs in Zanzibar，Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia.In these same areas there is equal need for education of adults, not just for their personal development but also in many other ways.
If you think it’s all work and no play, there will be plenty of time for you to have your own adventures in this beautiful country.There’s white-water rafting on the Zambezi, surfing off the East African coast.If peaceful and quiet life interests you, there are famous South African vineyards (葡萄园) and the top restaurants of the Cape Town.
Whatever your skill is, volunteer organizations will find a place for you where you can make the most difference.Whatever you give volunteer teaching in Africa for a couple of weeks or a couple of months，you will have great influence on the people you meet.You really can help change people’s lives.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了去非洲支教的有关内容，号召人们到非洲支教。
1．If a college student volunteers to teach in Africa，__C__.
A．he can only teach sports there
B．he won’t have the right to teach adults there
C．he doesn’t need to have teaching qualifications
D．he must work there for at least a couple of months
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Even if you don’t have teaching qualifications(资格) right now, it doesn’t mean you won’t be welcome.”可知即使现在没有教学资格，也不意味着不受欢迎。
2．The recent storms in Livingstone are mentioned to show that __D__.
A．the local people are extremely poor
B．the weather in Africa is rather terrible
C．Africans don’t know how to build houses
D．volunteers have many things to do besides teaching
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It’s not just classroom work either.”可知志愿者们除了教学还有很多其他的事情去做。接下来就举了Livingstone的暴雨的例子。
3．According toParagraph 4, volunteer teaching in Africa is __B__.
A．busy　　 B．colorful
C．peaceful　　 D．demanding
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知在非洲支教的生活是丰富多彩的，可以有充足的时间冒险，可以乘竹筏漂流，可以冲浪，还可以参观葡萄园，到餐馆品尝美食。
4．The author wrote the text mainly to __C__.
A．tell us his experience in Africa
B．show the peaceful life in Africa
C．call on people to volunteer in Africa
D．teach us how to apply for a job in Africa
解析：推理判断题。根据文章大意可知本文是在号召人们到非洲志愿支教。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·泰安高二检测)
I was very fortunate to be chosen by Kindspring to receive $100 for the monthly kindness competition. This past October I 1．__D__ some Inspiration Trees and they have helped to make a 2．__A__ in people’s lives.
The idea is simple. I took a lot of fallen branches that I had been 3．__B__ on walks and hung them from the ceiling with the help of volunteers and friends. Then we 4．__A__ strings with pins(大头针) attached to them from the branches. I got a lot of art supplies and as people came in for the art exhibit, they were 5．__C__ to create a piece of art or a(n) 6．__C__ message to hang from the branches.
The tree changed into this really funny way of 7．__D__ positive messages. If you hung a message up, you had to take one down for you to 8．__B__.The experience was really 9．__A__. People of all ages and from all walks of life were sharing art and inspiration through the 10．__B__.
With the $100 I 11．__D__ from Kindspring, I made more Inspiration Trees. I’m 12．__C__ them all over our community, such as classrooms and youth shelters for homeless teens. The act is to create communication that is positive and can 13．__C__ people’s lives by just doing a 14．__B__ act of kindness. The message people receive can be kept with them as a reminder of the 15．__A__ in the world.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者通过一个自己的简单的善意的活动创造一种积极的交流方式，影响了人们的生活的故事。
1．A．showed　　 B．bought
C．found　　 D．made
解析：句意：去年10月，我制作了一些灵感树，它们帮助改变了人们的生活。showed展示；bought购买；found发现；made制作。结合后文“I took a lot of fallen branches...”可知灵感树是作者制作的。故选D。
2．A．difference　　 B．mark
C．rule　　 D．promise
解析：difference不同；mark标志；rule规则；promise承诺。此处表示“改变，有影响”，短语为make a difference。故选A。
3．A．counting　　 B．collecting
C．accepting　　 D．placing
解析：句意：在志愿者和朋友们的帮助下，我把收集来的很多掉落的树枝挂在天花板上。 counting 计算；collecting收集；accepting接受；placing放置。结合上文“I took a lot of fallen branches”可知作者收集了很多掉落的树枝。故选B。
4．A．hung　　 B．bought
C．removed　　 D．threw
解析：句意：然后我们把带有别针的绳子挂在树枝上。hung悬挂；bought买；removed去除；threw扔。结合上文可知树枝挂在天花板上。故选A。
5．A．ordered　　 B．allowed
C．encouraged　　 D．chosen
解析：结合后文“to create a piece of art”可知来参观的人们被鼓励创作一件艺术品。故选C。
6．A．short　　 B．hidden
C．positive　　 D．important
解析：句意：我得到了很多艺术用品，当人们来参加艺术展的时候，他们被鼓励创作一件艺术品，或者把积极的信息挂在树枝上。short短的；hidden隐藏的；positive积极的；important重要的。故选C。
7．A．carrying　　 B．sending
C．leaving　　 D．exchanging
解析：句意：这棵树变成了交换积极信息的有趣方式。carrying搬运；sending邮寄；leaving离开；exchanging交换。故选D。
8．A．remember　　 B．keep
C．deliver　　 D．rewrite
解析：句意：如果你挂了一条信息，你就必须取下一条信息来保存。remember记住；keep保存；deliver递送；rewrite重写。故选B。
9．A．amazing　　 B．strange
C．direct　　 D．painful
解析：句意：这次经历真的很奇妙。amazing令人惊异的；strange奇怪的；direct直接的；painful痛苦的。结合上文作者叙述灵感树改变人们生活可知这是一次奇妙的经历。其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
10．A．room　　 B．tree
C．card　　 D．pen
解析：句意：来自各行各业、各个年龄段的人们通过这棵树分享艺术和灵感。故选B。
11．A．raised　　 B．earned
C．borrowed　　 D．received
解析：句意：用来自Kindspring的100美元，我制作了更多的灵感树。故选D。
12．A．running　　 B．organizing
C．putting　　 D．storing
解析：句意：我把它们放在我们社区的各个地方，比如教室和为无家可归的青少年设立的青少年庇护所。故选C。
13．A．limit　　 B．expand
C．influence　　 D．replace
解析：limit限制；expand扩大；influence影响；replace代替。结合上文“People of all ages and from all walks of life were sharing art and inspiration...”可知灵感树创造了一种积极的交流方式，而这种方式可以影响人们的生活。故选C。
14．A．private　　 B．simple
C．creative　　 D．brave
解析：句意：这样做是为了创造一种积极的交流方式，通过一个简单的善举就能影响人们的生活。private私人的；simple简单的；creative有创造性的；brave勇敢的。故选B。
15．A．good　　 B．honesty
C．politeness　　 D．richness
解析：句意：人们收到的信息可以保存在身边，作为对世界美好事物的提醒。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Max Bobholz was only 12 years old when he came up with the idea of creating a charity to provide baseball equipment to children in Africa.
While 1．__watching__(watch) baseball, his favorite sport, on TV in 2012, Max learned that teams from Africa didn’t have proper equipment to play.
They either made equipment themselves or had to share 2．__the__ very few items they had among all the children.
Max thought about all the extra bats, balls and equipment he and his friends had in their garages and homes. Then, inspired by his baseball coach, T. Williquette, and those 3．__who/that__ were active charity, he decided to take action and help. Thus, an 4．__influential__(influence) charity was started.5．__Known__(know) as Angels at Bat, Max’s charity has donated over 10,000 pieces of equipment to kids in need since its founding! Along with this, Max has traveled to Africa several times 6．__to donate__(donate) equipment and coach the kids, developing Angels at Bat into 7．__what__ it is today.
Angels at Bat has now grown to include nine 8．__branches__(branch) in eight states around the USA． And it is the primary source of baseball equipment for the entire country of Kenya.
Max 9．__was honored__(honor) as one of the 5 CNN Young Wonders of 2018 for his inspiring spirit of giving and service.“Anybody at any age can make a difference. So if you are passionate about something, stick to it and through hard work, you 10．__truly__(true) can make your dream come true，”says Max.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Max Bobholz的慈善机构的成立及其发展。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。while后的动词watch 与主句主语Max构成了主动关系，此时while后应使用现在分词形式，表示“正在做……的时候”。故填watching。
2．考查冠词。句意：他们要么自制器材，要么只能所有孩子一起共享那几件的器材。very few之前的冠词应使用the，表示特指。故填the。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他受教练和那些活跃于慈善的人的鼓舞。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是those，指那些人，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用who/that引导，在those后接关系代词 who比接 that常见。故填who/that。
4．考查形容词。句意：因此一个很有影响力的慈善组织成立了。修饰名词 charity，应使用形容词。故填influential。
5．考查非谓语动词。此处与主句中的主语Max’s charity 构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，known as 表示“作为……而著称、出名”。故填Known。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：Max已经去了几次非洲来捐赠器材和训练孩子。此处指他去非洲，目的是捐赠器材和训练孩子，应使用动词不定式 to do表达目的。故填to donate。
7．考查宾语从句。句意：把它发展到今天的样子。此处是 what 引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中作表语，what指代“它今天的样子”。故填what。
8．考查名词的数。branch为可数名词，接在数量词 nine之后应使用复数。故填branches。
9．考查时态和语态。句意：Max因其鼓舞人心的奉献和服务精神而被评为2018年CNN五大青年奇迹之一。主语Max与动词honor 构成被动关系，应使用被动语态；根据2018可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was honored。
10．考查副词。句意：你真的可以实现你的梦想。此处修饰谓语动词can make，应使用副词。故填truly。(共107张PPT)
UNIT 4　SHARING
单元核心素养
话题解读：我的祖父曾经告诉我用一只手洗另一只手，这意味着当你帮助别人的时候，你也正在帮你自己。
One Hand Washes the Other
My grandfather once told me，“One hand washes the other！”This means when you help someone else out, you’re really helping yourself out. He used to say that this is such an easy and simple secret of success, yet many people tend to overlook① this simple secret of success.
单元话题导读
Today，we live in the middle of a big tossed salad(油拌色拉) that we once called a melting pot. A century after trying to assimilate (同化) everyone，we now realize the value of diversity② and the differences between people. The wiser ones among us celebrate and enjoy this feast of a great big tossed salad filled with③ all sorts of different and interesting neighbours from all around the world. It’s a fact that today our world is different, our neighbours are different，and we are also different from what we used to be，and that’s okay.
So let’s not let these small differences between neighbours narrow our vision. When we help others，we are building better relationships and better skills.
Well，how about the ever important social skills By helping and mingling(融入) with others, we are building our ability to interact with④ others, also known as social skills. By the way, many experts believe that social intelligence⑤，something that he also refers to as emotional intelligence or EQ is becoming more important than IQ when it comes to success in the 21st century. So let’s be good neighbours and build our own social skills on our road to building a more successful⑥ life for ourselves and our neighbours. Now teens begin to learn，lead and lay the way to a better world for all of us. Remember to always be a good neighbour.
词海拾贝
①overlook vt.忽视
②diversity n．多样性
③fill...with...充满……
④interact with与……相互融合
⑤intelligence n．智力
⑥successful adj.成功的
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．_________ n．包裹　vt.裹好；打包
2．______ n．果酱；堵塞
3．_______ n．邮件；信件；邮政　vt.邮寄；发电邮给
4．____________ adj.中学的；次要的→______________ adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
5．_______ n．黏土；陶土
6．_______ n．沙土；灰土　vi.& vt.擦灰→________ adj.布满灰尘的
parcel　
jam　
mail　
secondary　
secondarily　
clay　
dust　
dusty　
7．_______ n．杂草；野草　vi.& vt.除杂草→_________ n．除草者
8．_________ n．合唱曲；合唱团　vt.合唱；齐声说
9．_________ n．棉布；棉花
10．__________ n．校服；制服　adj.一致的；统一的→____________ adv.一致地； 相同地→_____________ n．均匀性； 单调，无变化； 同样，一样
11．_________ n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片
12．_________ n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
13．___________ n．洗手间；厕所
weed　
weeder　
chorus　
cotton　
uniform　
uniformly　
uniformity　
tablet　
rubber　
washroom　
14．________ adj.死板的；固执的
15．_______ n．管子；管状物
16．_________ n．马戏团
17．__________ n．化学家；药剂师；药房
18．________vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗　n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
19．______ n．颌；下巴
20．__________vt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起　n．皱纹
21．___________ n．额；前额
rigid　
tube　
circus　
chemist　
shade　
jaw　
wrinkle　
forehead　
22．__________ n．住房；住宅→________v.给……提供住房； 收藏； 安置
23．___________ n．平台；站台；舞台
24．_________ n．茶碟；杯托
25．_________ n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶
26．______ n．平底锅；烤盘
27．_______ adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
28．_______vt.拖；拽　vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动
housing　
house　
platform　
saucer　
kettle　
pan　
ripe　
drag　
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．______________齐声；异口同声
2．_________________更不用说；且不说
a chorus of　
not to mention　
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．The other day I ______________ the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。
was showing　
2．Another teacher and I __________________________________ to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。
3．I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language，______________ I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能过多地加入他们的谈话。
walked for two and a half hours　
even though　
Ⅳ.语篇解读
Step 1　Fast-reading
1．What’s the main idea of the passage？_______
A．Jo went to a bush school to visit friends.
B．Introduction of a bush school.
C．Introduction of Tombe’s home in the village.
D．Jo’s experience as a volunteer in the bush.
D　
2．Read the passage and match the main idea of each part.______
Part 1(Para.1)　　　　 A．Jo and another teacher visited Tombe’s home in the village.
Part 2(Paras.2－3)　　 B．Getting mail from home made Jo feel nice.
Part 3(Paras.4－8)　 C．The school where Jo worked and Jo’s work at school.
BCA　
Step 2　Careful reading
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．It took Jo about 5 weeks to get her mail from her home. (　　)
2．All the students live very close to the school. (　　)
3．Jo has to carry water from the basin in her house if she needs it to do experiment in school. (　　)
4．Jo could barely understand Tombe’s family talking during her visit.
(　　)
F　
F　
T　
T　
(Ⅱ) Choose the best answer.
1．The purpose of the author in writing the blog is _______.
A．to tell us her teaching life in the bush school as a volunteer
B．to tell us her learning life in the bush school as a volunteer
C．to tell us that she couldn’t get any money by teaching the poor students
D．to tell us how happy she was in the small village
A　
2．In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they _______.
A．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B．couldn’t stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C．didn’t like doing chemistry experiments
D．knew chemistry was not relevant to them
A　
3．Which of the descriptions is NOT true about Tombe’s house？
_______
A．It was a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof.
B．It was dark and there was a fireplace in the centre of it.
C．It was low and round，with no windows and a big doorway.
D．There were only a few possessions in it.
C　
4．By writing “The only possessions I could see were ...”， the author wants to tell us _______.
A．Tombe’s family were kind-hearted
B．Tombe’s family were guest-lovers
C．Tombe’s family only used simple things
D．Tombe’s family were very poor
5．How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe’s family？_______
A．Happy.　　 B．Sad.　　　　
C．Worried.　　 D．Upset.
D　
A　
课内要点探究
Raising animals was only secondary to other forms of farming.
与其他农业生产相对而言，动物饲养只是副业。
More than five thousand secondary school students have been expelled for cheating.
5 000多名中学生因为作弊被开除。
重 点 单 词
1．secondary adj.中学的；次要的
secondary to sth. 仅次于……
secondary teachers 中学教师
the secondary curriculum中学课程
secondarily adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
完成句子
①That is just ____________________________.
那只不过是次要的因素。
②Experience is what matters─age is __________________________.
重要的是经验——年龄是次要的。
单句语法填空
③Their clothing is primarily functional and only ______________ (secondary) decorative.
a secondary consideration　
of secondary importance　
secondarily　
The hat is part of the school uniform.
帽子是校服的一部分。
Do you have to wear uniform
你非得穿制服不可吗？
The walls were a uniform grey.
墙壁一律都是灰色。
2．uniform n．校服；制服　adj.一致的；统一的
uniformly adv.一致地； 相同地
uniformity n．均匀性； 单调，无变化； 同样，一样
完成句子
①Drips of water rolled down ______________________________.
他的制服裤子在不停地滴水。
②He was identified only by ___________________________________.
他的身份只是通过制服和个人财物确定了下来。
the trousers of his uniform　
his uniform and personal belongings　
单句语法填空
③Beyond the windows, a November midday was ____________ (uniform) grey.
④That __________(uniform) makes the guards look absurd.
uniformly　
uniform　
There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
那儿没有树荫，因为那些树不超过三英尺高。
She raised her body to shade her child from being hurt.
她用身体护住了孩子，使其免遭伤害。
3．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗　n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
in the shade(of...)在(……的)阴凉处
shade...from/against...为……挡住……
put sb./sth. in the shade使某人或事物黯然失色；使相形见绌
I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade.
我费了很大力气，但我的成果与她的相比就相形见绌了。
shade，shadow
选词填空(shade/shadow)
①Some villagers were resting themselves in the ________.
②She was frightened to death when she saw the _________ of a man in the window.
完成句子
③She was sitting__________________ a big olive tree.
她正坐在一棵大橄榄树的树荫下。
④We ____________________________ while driving into the sun.
车朝着有太阳的方向开时，我们最好遮挡住眼睛。
shade　
shadow　
in the shade of　
had better shade our eyes　
There were fine wrinkles around her eyes.
她眼角出现了鱼尾纹。
She wrinkled up her nose in distaste.
她厌恶地皱起鼻子。
He wrinkled his brow in concentration.
他全神贯注地锁紧眉头。
4．wrinkle vt. & vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起　n．皱纹
wrinkle (sth.) up(使……)起皱纹；皱起
单句语法填空
①His face ___________(wrinkle) in a grin.
②His face was covered with ___________(wrinkle)．
③The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to _______ (wrinkle).
wrinkled　
wrinkles　
wrinkle　
The conditions are ripe for the spread of the disease.
这种疾病传播的条件已经成熟。
Always choose firm, but ripe fruit.
一定要挑选硬实但已成熟的水果。
(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.
我买了一把完全成熟的小草莓和一个小甜瓜。
5．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
unripe adj.不成熟的；时机不成熟的
ripen v. 变成熟；使……成熟
ripeness n．成熟
be ripe for时机成熟的；适宜的
a/the ripe old age (of...) (……的)高龄
He lived to the ripe old age of 91．
他活到了91岁高龄。
mature，ripe
A mature cow has horns.
成年奶牛有犄角。
The tomatoes are not yet ripe.
西红柿还没熟。
mature 指生物完成了生长、发育的全过程或周期，表明已经成熟；也可指经周密、慎重考虑而制订的计划或做出的决定
ripe 主要指水果、谷物和蔬菜等的成熟，也可引申作“时机成熟”解
单句语法填空
①The pears will sweeten as they ________(ripe).
完成句子
②This land ______________ development.
这片土地适宜开发。
③______________ pick easily.
熟了的苹果容易摘。
ripen　
is ripe for　
Ripe apples　
The girl in low spirits dragged a big box to the station.
那个情绪低落的女孩拖着大箱子朝车站走去。
The man dragged his tired feet home.
这个男人拖着沉重的步子回家。
6．drag vt.拖；拽　vt.& vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
drag on过得很慢；拖沓地进行
drag oneself out of bed硬撑着从床上爬起来
drag sb.into doing sth.硬拉某人做某事
You’d better not drag him into climbing the mountain.
你最好别硬拉他去爬山。
drag，pull，draw
drag 费力缓慢而艰难地拉、拖较重的物体
pull 朝一定方向拉，可指突然急速地拉，但不强调力的大小
draw 从容地拉、拖，也用于吸引注意力等
He was dragging a heavy box.
他正吃力地拖着一个沉重的箱子。
The injured tiger dragged itself forward.
受伤的老虎缓慢前行。
　
单句语法填空
①He arrived at school early in the morning, ___________ (drag)his heavy instrument case across the campus.
②Once she starts playing a video game, she can’t drag __________ (her)away from it.
③He hated parties; we had to drag him into ________(go)．
④When we are waiting for someone，the hours dragged _____.
dragging　
herself　
going　
on　
Jo felt it was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
Jo感觉与Tombe一家人度过一天的时间很荣幸。
(2019·北京高考)It’s such a privilege to be a part of these kids lives.
能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一种特权。
7．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我们的会员享受这家图书馆借书服务的特权。
Here I feel greatly privileged to introduce to you my favorite one—the Dragon Boat Festival.
在这里，我很荣幸地向你介绍我最喜欢的节日——端午节。
(1)have the privilege of doing/to do sth.有……的特权或荣幸
it’s a/one’s privilege to do sth.做……是特权或荣幸
(2)privilege vt.给予……特权，有特权
feel privileged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事
单句语法填空
①I’ll feel _____________(privilege) to be your guide during the visit.
②It’ll be our great privilege _____________(benefit) from your expertise in health care.
完成句子
③_______________________ here, sharing this moment with our fellow friends from Germany.
我很荣幸在这里与来自德国的朋友们分享这一时刻。
privileged　
to benefit　
It’s my great privilege to be　
We’re dying to visit Hainan Island, located in the south of China.
我们非常想去位于中国南部的海南岛。
They are dying to take possession of the bakery.
他们渴望拥有那家面包店。
重 点 短 语
1．be dying to do极想做，渴望做
(1)long/desire to do...＝be eager/anxious to do...渴望做……
(2)be dying/thirsty/eager/anxious for...＝long for...＝have a desire for...渴望得到……
The straightforward butcher has been in prison for two years, longing for freedom.
这个坦率的屠夫已经在监狱里待了两年，渴望自由。
单句语法填空
①Hearing the news，she was dying _________________ (congratulate) her husband on passing the driving test.
②The staff are dying ______ a chance to go to the shore annually.
③I have been longing __________(play) golf with you since we last met.
to congratulate　
for　
to play　
补全句子
④The prime minister _____________________(渴望) get rid of the violence in his country.
is dying/eager/anxious to　
A chorus of shouts broke out.
突然齐声发出喊叫。
A chorus of boos rang out from the audience.
听众发出一阵嘘声。
2．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声
chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团　vt.合唱；齐声说
in chorus 一起；一齐；同时
a burst of一阵
a cloud of大群，大量
a chain of 一连串的；一系列的
“Thank you，” they said in chorus.
“谢谢，”他们齐声说道。
完成句子
①His appearance on the platform was greeted with ________________.
他一登上台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。
②There was ____________________.
鸟儿在齐声合唱。
a burst of applause　
a chorus of birds　
③A car sped past, __________________________.
汽车飞驰而过，卷起一阵尘土。
④That is, you can reach any person in the world through ____________ _______.
那就是说，你可以通过一连串的六个人联系到世界上的任何一个人。
raising a cloud of dust　
a chain of six people　
He has two big houses in this country, not to mention his villa in France.
他在这个国家有两座大房子，更别提他在法国的别墅了。
Ade is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete.
艾德既英俊又聪明，而且是个好运动员。
3．not to mention更不用说； 且不说
(2021·高考全国乙卷)These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
如今，安全法规——更不用说现代体育球迷对良好的视野和舒适的座位的渴望——往往会使体育场的容量略低。
Don’t mention it.不用客气。
let alone不理，不管，不烦扰，不干涉； 更不用说，还不算； 何况； 别说
—Thanks for all your help.
—Don’t mention it.
——多谢你帮忙。
——不用客气。
We can’t afford a bicycle, let alone a car.
我们连自行车也买不起， 更不用说汽车了。
完成句子
①The dampness is uncomfortable, _________________ the cold.
潮湿就令人不舒服， 更不必说寒冷了。
②He’s the best shot in the world, ____________ in England.
他是世界上最好的射击手， 更不用说在英国了。
③____________________. I’m at your service anytime.
不必客气。 我随时为您服务。
not to mention　
let alone　
Don’t mention it　
(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages.
有些音乐能演奏40分钟，需要50页，包括回翻重复段落。
Up to now, the merchant is so occupied that he hasn’t been to the monument.
到目前为止，这个商人一直很忙，还没去过纪念碑。
4．up to达到，最多有；直到；从事，忙于；取决于；由……决定；胜任，适于
What are you up to this weekend if the press conference is cancelled
如果记者招待会取消了，这个周末你打算做什么？
It is up to the government to cut taxes.
削减税收取决于政府。
John is not up to the job. Meanwhile, Tom has the capacity to do it well.
约翰无法胜任这份工作。相比之下，汤姆有能力做好它。
up to now(＝until now)直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up to date最新Q的；时髦的
be up to sb.(to do sth.)由某人决定(做某事)
单句语法填空
①According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up _____ 25 hours a week watching TV.
②Up to now, the program ____________(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
③That country is not up _____ the organizer of next tournament.
to　
has saved　
to　
补全句子
④___________________________(达到两百人) withdrawing from the village were in danger.
⑤The statistics in this telephone directory are _____________(最新的)．
⑥_____________________(这取决于你) negotiate the deal.
Up to two hundred people　
up to date　
It’s up to you to　
As a marine biologist, he must adapt to life at sea.
作为一名海洋生物学家，他必须适应海上生活。
I have adapted myself to this profession, afraid of nothing.
我已经适应了这个职业，无所畏惧。
5．adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应……
adapt A from B由B改编成A
be adapted from...由……改编
adaptation n．适应；改编，改编本
The TV series is adapted from his tales of life at sea.
这部电视剧是根据他的海上生活故事改编的。
单句语法填空
①What kind of difficulty will Mary and her sister have adapting _____ the new environment
②The new film is said to be adapted _______ a novel by Jane Austen.
补全句子
③If you’re outgoing, it is very easy for you ______________(适应) the new environment while studying abroad.
to　
from　
to adapt to　
The foundation of the organization was not directly relevant to charity.
这个组织的成立与慈善事业没有直接关系。
6．be relevant to与……有关
“与……有关”的其他表达：
be related to
be linked to/with
be involved in
be associated/connected with
have something to do with
In this country near the equator, much of the crime is related to drug abuse.
在这个靠近赤道的国家，许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
单句语法填空
①In the exams, make sure that everything you write is relevant _____ the questions you have been asked.
②I don’t think what he said is __________(relate) to what we are discussing.
③Exposure to the sun too much is closely linked ___________ skin cancer.
④I have nothing to do _______ the accident，which was caused by his carelessness.
to　
related　
to/with　
with　
Tomorrow they will set sail for the United States for further study, which will make a big difference to their life.
明天他们将启程前往美国继续深造，这将对他们的人生有重大影响。
(2021·高考浙江卷)“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference，” David Bond says.
“仅仅在户外再待5分钟就会有所改变，”大卫·邦德说。
7．make a difference有影响，起(重要)作用
make a big/a lot of difference (to)(对……)有很大的影响/作用
make some/no difference (to)(对……)有些影响/没有作用
make all the difference (to)(对……)关系重大/有很大影响

单句语法填空
①It makes no difference _____ me whether you come or not.
②A few kind words at the right time make all the _____________ (different)．
补全句子
③Whether his charity really _____________________(产生影响) to the world, only time will tell.
to　
difference　
makes a difference　
重 点 句 型
1．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。
(1)本句为“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时”句式，意为“正在做……就在这时……”；when为并列连词，意为“正在这时”。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home.
当妈妈回家的时候我正在写作业。
The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。
be about to do...when...(某人)正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when...刚做完……正在这时……
I was about to go out when Tom came in.
我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。
She had just washed all clothes when her son fell into a pond.
她刚洗完所有的衣服，这时她的儿子掉进了一个小池塘。
(2)本句中before用作连词，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及……就”。
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
不要高兴得过早。(如意算盘别打得太早。)
Before she could move，she heard a great noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before I could say a word，she had stormed out of the room.
不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
before还可以用于：
(1)It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。
It will be five years before I come back.
我五年后才能回来。
(2)如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不久就……”。
It won’t be long before they understand each other.
他们不久就会互相了解的。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.
不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。
(3)“趁……(还没有)”之意。
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
Do it before you forget it.
趁早动手，以免忘了。
单句语法填空
①She ____________________(finish)her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
②The girl had hardly rung the bell _________ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
had just finished　
before　
完成句子
③I _______________ give up _______ my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
当我正想要放弃的时候，我爸爸过来鼓励我继续下去。
④I was on my way to the bookstore and __________________ the green light at a crossing _______ a girl was knocked down by a passing car.
在去书店的路上，我正在十字路口等绿灯，突然一个小女孩被一辆过往车辆撞倒了。
was about to　
when　
was waiting for　
when　
⑤There are still many problems to be solved ______ we _____________ a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前还有很多问题需要解决。
⑥She ______________________ about 3,000 words before she came to China.
来到中国之前，她已经学习了大约3 000个单词。
before　
are ready for　
had learned/learnt　
2．Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。
(2)句中的from where we had fantastic views为定语从句，引导词为from where，为“介词＋关系副词”结构。此结构中的where根据情况可换为when。该结构中的介词可用from，to，since等。
I have bought that house，from where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.
我买下了那栋房子，从房子那儿可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。
Our family came to Shenzhen and settled in 1985，since when we have lived there.
我们家1985年来到深圳定居，从此我们一直住在那儿。
from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。
单句语法填空
①She climbed up to the top of the hill, _______ where she could have a good view of the whole town.
②The baby is due in May，by _______ the new house should be finished.
③China is the birthplace of kites，from ________ kites flying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.
from　
when　
where　
句中的even though引导一个让步状语从句。主句为前面的I loved listening to...，其中动名词短语listening to...作宾语，后面的现在分词短语talking softly to each other作宾语补足语。
3．I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language，even though I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能过多地加入他们的谈话。
even though/if引导的让步状语从句，其主从句谓语可以用陈述语气说明事实或可能成为事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气说明与事实相反的情况或不可能成为事实的情况。
Even though Bruce gets accepted to Harvard，his family isn’t able to afford the expensive tuition.
即使布鲁斯被哈佛大学录取，他家也付不起那昂贵的学费。
Even though the poisoned man had been treated in the hospital，he wouldn’t have been saved.
即使那个中毒的人在医院得到治疗，他也不会被救活。
单句语法填空
①He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even _____________ he wants to.
翻译句子
②尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
_________________________________________________________
if/though　
I like her，even though/if she may be annoying at times.　
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构，standing upside down on the grill over the fire 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；常用于本结构的感官动词有notice，see，hear, feel, find等。
We were so happy that we didn’t notice the water rising.
我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。
4．Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
后来，我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly.
我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。
Suddenly, I found myself facing a difficult situation.
突然，我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。
完成句子
①From inside the store, I could ________________________________.
从商店里面，我可以看到外面的人们正匆匆走过。
②I ______________________ there alone in the room at that time.
那时我注意到他正独自坐在房间里。
③The driver ________________________ in a big morass.
司机发现自己被困在一个巨大的泥潭里。
see the people outside rushing by　
noticed him sitting　
found himself trapped　
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Norma looked at the _________(包裹) and whistled softly through her teeth.
2．As fans rushed to leave，_______(堵塞) formed at all the exits.
3．Peter starts looking through the _______(邮件) as soon as the door shuts.
4．He taught history at a ____________(中学的) school.
5．Grace broke off a large piece of the _______(黏土)．
parcel　
jams　
mail　
secondary　
clay　
6．It was hard to see the colours under the layer of _______(尘土)．
7．His pond has been choked by the fast-growing _______(野草)．
8．She will probably take great pride in wearing school __________(制服).
9．We sat down in the ________ (阴凉处)of the wall.
10．You know, my shirts will __________ (起皱纹)if they aren’t folded right away.
dust　
weed　
uniform　
shade　
wrinkle　
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The books looked faded, ________(dust) and unused.
2．The once-green fields are now ____________(uniform) brown.
3．A distinction should be made between the primary and ___________ (secondarily) tasks.
4．She _________ (shade)her eyes against the sun.
5．Frannie ___________ (wrinkle)her nose at her daughter.
6．It can cause other foods to ________(ripe) too quickly.
dusty　
uniformly　
secondary　
shaded　
wrinkled　
ripen　
7．I __________(drag) the chair over to the window.
8．The students began to read the text _____ chorus.
9．They have three dogs to look after, not to __________(mention) the cat and the bird.
10．Perhaps he could take his time to reach Lisbon Airport from ______ he was planning to fly home.
dragged　
in　
mention　
where　
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．You’ll save the miles to the theater and restaurant—______________ _____________.
您可以省掉去剧院和餐馆的路——更不用提钱了。
2．______________________ broke out when the politician was speaking.
当这个政客发表演讲的时候爆发出一片抗议声。
3．I _________________________ when the light turned off.
我正在复习笔记时突然灯灭了。
A chorus of protest　
was reviewing my notes　
not to mention the money　
4．I ____________________________ me in the dark.
我注意到有人正在黑暗里跟踪我。
5．_____________________ to show you around our campus.
我很荣幸带你们参观我们的校园。
noticed someone following　
It’s my privilege　
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
I am volunteering in a bush school and I have adapted myself 1．_____ the hard conditions here, though I doubt 2．__________ I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. Every day when I arrive at school，I 3．_____________(greet) by a chorus of “good morning”from the students.
4．______ other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment 5．_______ the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube 6．___________ (spill) everywhere!
to　
whether　
am greeted　
The　
when　
spilling　
The boys were so frightened. Last weekend I made my first visit to Tombe’s house. It was dark inside and it took some time for our eyes 7．____________(adjust). We 8．______(eat) inside the hut sitting round the fire and talking. 9．__________(luck), Tombe interpreted for us. After the meal, the left-over food was dried out in a can and thrown out.
We left the village the next morning after many good-byes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching as we dragged 10．____________(we) down the mountain towards home.
to adjust　
ate　
Luckily　
ourselves　
夯基提能作业