(共24张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
写科幻故事是开放式作文的一种，一般给出一段材料，要求我们充分发挥想象力来拓展原材料内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结尾或中间过程。想象必须合理而且内容丰富，要抓住主题，运用恰当的词汇、句型与语句间的连接成分写出连贯的表达，语言要流畅、具有美感。
科幻故事
写科幻故事需要遵循以下步骤：
1．仔细审题，确定文章结构
科幻故事的写作一般可分为三部分：第一部分为故事的开始；第二部分为故事发展的过程及结果；最后一部分提出故事的教育意义。
2．根据需要确定时态
科幻故事通常发生在未来，因此应以一般将来时为主。
3．筛选词汇
科幻故事一般为虚构的故事，为了吸引读者，故事的语言要生动、富于虚幻性。
常用表达
1．...is one of the greatest fantasy stories ever written.
2．The hero is a boy called...and the heroine is a girl called...
3．There are many extraordinary adventures.
4．Robots play an important role in our future life.
5．Both adults and children will enjoy these stories.
精品展示
某英文报社正在举行英文幻想故事大赛，请你根据所给出的故事的开头(不计入总词数)，续写一篇80词左右的幻想小故事参赛。
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：幻想故事属记叙文范畴。
2．确定人称：主体人称为第三人称。
3．确定时态：以一般过去时为主。
第二步 确定段落
本文应分为三部分：
Part 1：介绍故事的开始。
Part 2：讲述故事发展的过程。
Part 3：叙述故事的结局及意义。
第三步 核心词汇
1．犹豫做……____________________
2．把……戴上___________
3．看不见的____________
4．靠近___________
5．在……的帮助下______________________
6．和……一起________________
hesitate to do...
put...on
invisible
approach
with the help of...
together with
第四步 连词成句
1．年轻人毫不犹豫地戴上了那枚戒指。
The young man ________________________________ his finger.
2．他吃惊地发现自己消失了，其他人都看不见他。
Surprisingly，he discovered that he __________ and _______________ other people.
3．一靠近城堡，他就戴上了戒指，进入了城堡。
As soon as he ________________________，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
didn’t hesitate to put the ring on
disappeared
was invisible to
approached the castle
4．在戒指的帮助下，他在一个金盒中找到了魔棒，并成功地将其毁掉，解除了女巫对女孩施的魔咒。
___________________ the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，destroyed it successfully，and thus removed the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
5．年轻人和女孩一起击败了女巫，并且他们在一起过上了幸福的生活。
The young man, ________________ the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together.
With the help of
together with
第五步 句式升级
1．用含有动词-ing形式作状语、形容词短语作状语的句子合并第1句和第2句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．用“on＋动词-ing形式”改写第3句。
__________________________________________________________
The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.
On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
3．用动词-ing形式作状语改写第4句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
第六步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
He learned that the girl couldn’t move forever unless someone destroyed the witch’s magical stick.With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
The young man, together with the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together.
写作训练
你们学校校报正在向学生征稿，稿件内容是关于未来的学校。请根据表格中记录的要点写一篇标题为“未来的学校(Future Schools)”的英语文章。
注意：1．词数80左右，文章的开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
School life：different activities; richer and more interesting
Buildings and equipment: modern; easy to use; everything run by computers
Subjects：more subjects to choose from；most subjects offered on the Internet
Ways of learning：learn at school or at home
Future Schools
In the future, schools will be different in many ways from what they are now.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Future Schools
In the future, schools will be different in many ways from what they are now.
Firstly, many different activities will be organized at school, so the school life will be richer and more interesting.
Secondly, school buildings and equipment will be much better. Everything will be run by computers, more modern, and easier for students to use.
Then, there will be many more subjects for students to choose from, and most subjects will be offered on the Internet. Therefore，students will choose to learn at home on the Internet, or at school from teachers.
In conclusion, future schools will be better learning places for students.
夯基提能作业Unit 1 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “ We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，”said Breazeal.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是未来几年里，社交机器人将在日常生活中变得更为普遍，应用范围也会变得更广。
1．How are social robots different from household robots？__B__
A．They can control their emotions.
B．They are more like humans.
C．They do the normal housework.
D．They respond to users more slowly.
解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的“...social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.”以及“For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.”可知，社会机器人更像人，比如这些机器人能够分辨人的心情是高兴还是悲伤。故选B。
2．What can the Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3？__D__
A．Communicate with you and perform operations.
B．Answer your questions and make requests.
C．Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D．Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.”和“It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.”可知，这个机器人可以听你的指令，提醒家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选 D。
3．We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will __B__.
A．train employees
B．be our workmates
C．improve technologies
D．take the place of workers
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal的话“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。
4．What does the passage mainly present？__D__
A．A new design idea of household robots.
B．Marketing strategies for social robots.
C．Information on household robots.
D．An introduction to social robots.
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Save Time
We all wish we had just a bit more time.Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring-clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on.
1．__F__ But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.
Get Out of Bed Earlier
If you normally get up at 7:30 a.m., try getting up at 7:00 a.m. That half-hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you’ve been meaning to finish.2．__G__
Do the Important Tasks First
Once you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones)．You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.
3．__D__ The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones.
Reduce Interruptions
If colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing，you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter.Constant interruptions don’t just eat up time, they also break your concentration.
When you’ve got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voice mail.4．__C__ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.
5．__A__
A few minutes chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day.
When you’re working, if your concentration is slipping, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit.And if you’re facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it’s easier to deal with.
A．Stay Focused on Your Work
B．Take Breaks When Necessary
C．If you have an office door, close it.
D．If you work like this, you’ll usually save time.
E．Would you want me to make your day longer
F．I can’t magically make all your days 25 hours long.
G．Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何节约时间，比如早起，首先做重要的事情，减少中断和专心工作等。
解析：
1．根据后文“But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.”(但是我能帮你找到更多的时间做那些重要的事情。)可知前后句之间为转折关系。所以空处应为：我不能魔术般地让你的一天变成25个小时。故选F。
2．根据前文“to exercise, to read that book...”(去锻炼，去阅读……)可知，或者沉着有组织地开始你的一天。故选G。
3．本段的主旨是“Do the Important Tasks First”(首先要做重要的事情)，再结合后文中的“The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones.”(急事会得到解决，你也不会错过重要的事情。)可知如果你这样做的话，就会节约时间。故选D。
4．根据下句“Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.”(戴上耳机人们就不太可能会设法开始一段对话。)可知如果你的办公室有门，请关上它。故选C。
5．根据下文“When you’re working, if your concentration is slipping, take a proper break”(当你工作的时候，如果你走神了，就适当休息一会儿)可知“集中你的注意力在工作上”作为标题最合适。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers.Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, 1．__B__ one’s risk of developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one’s risk of premature(早于预期的) death, among many other 2．__C__. Now it is said that a cup of 3．__D__ reduces physical pain.
The surprising finding is 4．__A__ a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work.The tasks were known to 5．__A__ pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists.The researchers wanted to 6．__B__ how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated(忍受) the pain of such tasks.As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test “to avoid 7．__A__ effects of caffeine lack, e．g.decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion”， they reported.
When it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway’s National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a 8．__A__ intensity(强度) of pain than the 29 people who didn’t.In the shoulders and neck, 9．__C__ the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers.Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee’s obvious pain-reduction effect 10．__A__.
However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal, BMC Research Notes, warn that the results of the study come with many 11．__B__.For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗) before taking the computer tests.12．__A__， they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were 13．__B__ in all aspects except for their coffee consumption.Problems like these tend to 14．__D__ the importance of the findings.But those doubts are 15．__A__ to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性。
1．A．take B．reduce
C．increase D．face
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，减少患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A．take带走；B．reduce减少；C．increase增加；D．face面对。结合下文“promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one’s risk of premature(早于预期的)death”可知是这种饮料的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选B。
2．A．trends B．advice
C．benefits D．promotions
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A．trends趋势；B．advice建议；C．benefits好处；D．promotions升职。结合上文“promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one’s risk of premature(早于预期的) death”可知是这种饮料的优点、好处。故选C。
3．A．milk B．water
C．coke D．coffee
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A．milk牛奶；B．water水；C．coke可乐；D．coffee咖啡。根据上文“Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers.”可知是咖啡。故选D。
4．A．based on B．fond of
C．different from D．regarded as
解析：考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项48名志愿者参与的研究，他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A．based on基于；B．fond of喜欢；C．different from不同于；D．regarded as认为是。结合下文“a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work”可知此处指这项发现是基于一项研究。故选A。
5．A．cause B．indicate
C．ease D．relieve
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A．cause造成；B．indicate表明；C．ease缓解；D．relieve解除。结合下文“pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists”可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故选A。
6．A．warn B．compare
C．cure D．treat
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A．warn警告；B．compare比较；C．cure治愈；D．treat对待。结合下文“how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated(忍受) the pain of such tasks”可知是将有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人进行比较。故选B。
7．A．unpleasant B．modest
C．significant D．positive
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡，“以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫”。A．unpleasant不愉快的；B．modest谦虚的；C．significant意义重大的；D．positive积极的。结合下文“decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion”可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects“不良影响”。故选A。
8．A．lower B．higher
C．shorter D．longer
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的研究人员注意到，喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A．lower更低的；B．higher更高的；C．shorter更短的；D．longer更长的。结合下文“average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers”可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。故选A。
9．A．in addition B．as a result
C．for example D．in one word
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满分100分)，而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A．in addition此外；B．as a result结果；C．for example例如；D．in one word总之。结合上文可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕，此处只列举了肩部和颈部。故选C。
10．A．turned up B．took up
C．put up D．gave up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位中都发现了类似的差异，结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。A．turned up出现；B．took up接受；C．put up提供；D．gave up放弃。结合上文可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果。故选A。
11．A．satisfaction B．uncertainties
C．attention D．response
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，本周发表在BMC Research Notes杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说，这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A．satisfaction满足；B．uncertainties不确定性；C．attention注意；D．response响应。结合下文“For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗) before taking the computer tests.”可知研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡，故这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。故选B。
12．A．Moreover B．However
C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless
解析：考查副词辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。A．Moreover此外；B．However然而；C．Otherwise否则；D．Nevertheless然而。此处承接上文“For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗) before taking the computer tests.”表示进一步说明，故选A。
13．A．guilty B．similar
C．different D．proper
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A．guilty内疚的；B．similar相似的；C．different不同的；D．proper适当的。结合下文“in all aspects except for their coffee consumption”可知喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。故选B。
14．A．realize B．observe
C．measure D．weaken
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A．realize意识到；B．observe观察；C．measure测量；D．weaken削弱。根据上文“Problems like these”可知上文提到的类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的可信度。故选D。
15．A．unlikely B．orderly
C．jealous D．capable
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这些疑虑不可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因摄入的咖啡饮用者。A．unlikely不可能的；B．orderly有序的；C．jealous嫉妒的；D．capable有能力的。结合下文“trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit”可知这些疑虑不可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因摄入的咖啡饮用者。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture (针灸) is a traditional Chinese medical practice of treating 1．__various/varied__(vary) physical and mental conditions.It gained respect and interest in the United States after The New York Times’ journalist James Reston visited China with President Nixon and needed an operation.Chinese doctors used acupuncture on Reston after surgery 2．__to reduce__(reduce) his pain, and his recovery was swift.Curious about this, Reston 3．__was allowed__(allow) to watch surgery on patients 4．__who/that__ received acupuncture for anesthesia (麻醉)．Patients talked with their doctors during the operation and then walked back to their rooms 5．__on__ their own.
The effectiveness of acupuncture left Reston such a deep impression that he wrote a front-page article in The New York Times about his operation 6．__immediately__(immediate) after he returned to the United States.“A leading medical specialist sent by Premier Chou En-lai 7．__removed__(remove) my appendix (阑尾)．I was conscious in 8．__the__ whole process.”
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) began to sponsor some of their top physicians to visit China to investigate acupuncture and its possible 9．__functions__(function) in western medicine.With years 10．__going__(go) by, acupuncture has earned itself a great reputation across the world with magical effect.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国的针灸治疗在美国及西方国家的发展。
解析：
1．考查形容词。所填词作定语，修饰名词短语physical and mental conditions，用形容词。故填various/varied。
2．考查非谓语动词。所填词作目的状语，所以填动词不定式。故填to reduce。
3．考查时态和语态。所填词作谓语，陈述的是过去的事情，主语Reston 与allow之间是被动关系，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数形式。故填was allowed。
4．考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词patients并在从句中作主语。故填who/that。
5．考查介词。on one’s own独立地，是固定短语。故填on。
6．考查副词。修饰动词wrote，用副词。故填immediately。
7．考查时态。所填词作谓语，陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填removed。
8．考查冠词。特指那个手术的整个过程。故填the。
9．考查名词的数。function是可数名词，此处指不止一种作用，应该用复数形式。故填functions。
10．考查非谓语动词。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，years与go之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作宾补。故填going。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
目前我国已有多家机器人餐厅，请你就此以“Robot Waiters in Restaurants”为题给报社写一篇英语短文，介绍机器人餐厅的优点，要点如下：
1．机器人可以烹饪、送餐、引路；
2．可以吸引顾客，尤其是年轻的顾客；
3．可以减少雇员，降低成本。
注意：
1．词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Robot Waiters in Restaurants
So far many restaurants in China have adopted robot waiters，which is a big hit with customers.
参考范文：
Robot Waiters in Restaurants
So far many restaurants in China have adopted robot waiters, which is a big hit with customers. It’s not only because of the food being cooked and dished up by robots, but because of the way the food is being served.
First, robot waiters lead the hungry people to tables, taking the place of waiters and waitresses.Then the robot waiters get their orders and get their food cooked.The moment the robot waiters hand out meals, the customers become excited and show great interest.
The robot waiters prove to be popular with the customers, especially the young.A restaurant manager says the robot waiters can help attract customers, reduce the number of employees and lower the costs.(共100张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
单元核心素养
话题解读：美国的餐馆正在使用机器人来弥补快餐工人的缺失。世界各地的企业正逐渐向低运营成本发展——快餐店正扮演着机器人革命的先驱。
Fast-food Restaurants Are Using Robots
American restaurants are employing① robots to make up
for a lack of fast-food workers. Businesses around the world
are increasingly turning to reduce running costs—and fast-food
restaurants are acting as pioneers of the robot revolution②.
单元话题导读
Last year, we saw Flippy，the burger-flipping(翻转汉堡包的)robot, work in a Californian burger restaurant. And now US burger chain Wendy’s has begun using self-cleaning ovens (烤箱) in some stores, according to The Wall Street Journal.
Meaty restaurant chain Arby’s also uses smart ovens, which can cook roast beef and then switch to a“holding”mode(模式)．This means employees can cook food for the next day the night before，rather than arrive at 7 a.m. to start roasting.
It’s an unsurprising response③ to a lack of fast-food workers.
“I’ve never seen the labour(劳动力) market this tight，”said Scotty Murphy，Chief Operating Officer for Dunkin’ Donuts.“We spend a lot of time training people and a month later they walk out the door.”
The US food and drink industry had 844,000 unfilled positions④ in April last year—a record high.
Dunkin’ Donuts has already automated some processes—like producing labels for food, and measuring the quality of coffee.
“I don’t have to be always worried about other smaller tasks that were tiresome，” said Alexandra Guajardo, the leader at a Dunkin’ Donuts store in California.“I can focus on other things that need my attention⑤ in the restaurant.”
A study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development said food preparation faced the highest probability of automation among 88 industries.
“In this market，employees will leave if they have one bad day，”Patrick Sugrue, Chief Executive Officer of Saladworks said.“If that happens, having this technology⑥ in place makes it easier to deal with.”
词海拾贝
①employ vt.雇佣；利用
②revolution n．革命
③response n．回应；回复
④position n．职位
⑤attention n．注意力
⑥technology n．技术
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________ n．小说；虚构的事→_____________ adj.虚构的，编造的； 假定的，虚设的； 小说式的； 假装的
2．________ n．意外收获；奖金；红利
3．_____________ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的→_______________ adv.可笑地，荒谬地
4．____________ n．诚实正直；完整；完好
5．__________ n．庄重；庄严；尊严
6．_________ n．薪水；薪金
fiction
fictitious
bonus
ridiculous
ridiculously
integrity
dignity
salary
7．_________ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
8．______________ n．预约；约会；委任→__________ vt.任命，委派；约定，指定；装设，布置→____________ adj.指定的，约定的
9．_______ n．指甲；钉子
10．_____________ n．女售货员；女推销员
11．_________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→________ n．[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失； 内疚，悔恨； 自责
12．__________ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→____________ adj.暂停的，缓期的(宣判)，悬浮的→____________ n．吊裤带； 悬挂物； 吊杆； 吊袜带
absurd
appointment
appoint
appointed
nail
saleswoman
guilty
guilt
suspend
suspended
suspender
13．_________ n．梯子；阶梯
14．__________ vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→____________ n．解雇，免职； 撤退； 解雇通知；[法律]驳回，拒绝受理
15．__________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→______________ n．宣言，布告，公告，声明
16．__________ conj. 然而；但是；尽管
17．__________ vt.& vi.假定；假设→______________ n．推测，设想； 放肆，傲慢； [法律]推定
ladder
dismiss
dismissal
declare
declaration
whereas
presume
presumption
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．___________检验；测试
2．____________更像是；更接近
3．_______________根据；以……的方式
4．or rather_____________
5．turn around_____________
test out
more like
on a...basis
更确切地说
转向；回转
6．____________毕竟；终究
7．___________从……掉下来
8．__________及时；迟早
9．__________________________抱着某人
10．____________不仅仅；不止
after all
fall off
in time
hold sb. in one’s arms
more than
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．He seemed ____________ a human _______ a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。
2．Claire thought _____ was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
more like
than
it
3．She wasn’t _______ Gladys Claffern，one of the richest and most powerful women around.
她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是周围最有钱有势的女人之一。
4．As she turned around, ______________________________.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
like
there stood Gladys Claffern
Ⅳ.语篇解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．The passage mainly tells us _______.
A．the robot could do everything that man can
B．that a robot can take the place of a human being
C．an experiment where a household robot was tested out
D．why a robot fell in love with a human being
C
2．Read the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.
_______________
Para.1 A．Tony made Claire feel embarrassed.
Para.2 B．Tony promised to help Claire.
Para.3 C．A household robot would be tested out by Claire.
Para.4 D．Claire first saw the robot.
Para.5 E．Claire began to trust Tony.
Para.6 F．Tony caught Claire when she fell off a ladder.
Para.7 G．Tony told Claire he didn’t want to leave her.
Para.8 H．Tony planned to help Claire to attract Gladys and her friends.
Para.9 I．Tony helped Claire improve herself and her house.
CDAEBIHFG
Step 2 Careful reading
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．Claire was asked to test out the household robot by the company.
( )
2．Larry would be away on business for three months. ( )
3．She felt embarrassed when Tony asked her whether she needed help dressing. ( )
4．Claffern was one of the richest and most powerful women around.
( )
F
T
T
T
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house？_______
A．It is an extra benefit.
B．It is his responsibility.
C．It helps improve his house.
D．It can make Claire happy.
A
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot？_______
A．Because the robot was in fact not a machine.
B．Because she didn’t like him.
C．Because she had seen the robot before.
D．Because the robot was more like a human than a machine.
D
3．Tony did the following things to help Claire realize her dream EXCEPT_______.
A．making her home elegant
B．giving her a new hairstyle and changing the makeup she wore
C．giving her advice on her dresses
D．going into a jewellery shop to buy her a necklace
4．Which of the following is NOT Tony’s characteristic？_______
A．Clumsy. B．Handsome.
C．Helpful. D．Smart.
D
A
课内要点探究
Her taste in fiction was for historical romances.
她喜欢的小说是历史言情故事。
The border between science fact and science fiction gets a bit fuzzy.
科学事实和科幻小说之间的界限变得有点儿模糊了。
重 点 单 词
1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
(1)[U] 小说
a work of popular fiction通俗小说作品
historical/romantic fiction历史/言情小说
(2)[U/C]虚构的事；假想之物
For years he managed to keep up the fiction that he was not married.
多年来他设法一直给人一种未婚的假象。
fictitious adj.虚构的，编造的； 假定的，虚设的； 小说式的； 假装的
翻译句子
①我们如何将事实与虚构区分开呢？
_________________________________________
②从小说到历史，我什么书都读。
_____________________________________________
How do we sort out fact from fiction？
I read everything from fiction to history.
单句语法填空
③In his long-term ____________(fiction) creation Hemingway generalised and put forward his “iceberg” theory.
④The novel and film are ________________(fictionalise) accounts of Obama’s time in Jakarta.
fictional
fictionalised
We felt we might finish third. Any better would be a bonus.
我们感觉我们可能会获得第三名。要是能比这个名次更好那就是意外的惊喜了。
Bonus notices were issued each year from head office to local agents.
分红通知每年由总公司发送至地方代理商。
(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
作为一个额外的红利，它靠近主火车站。
2．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利
bonus n．奖金；红利；额外津贴
annual bonus 年终分红
year-end bonus 年终奖金，年终额外补贴
cash bonus 现金红利
Holiday Bonus 假日礼物
“奖金、回报”集萃
bonus 强调额外的回报，奖金之类
reward 强调应得的回报，报酬
award (在某方面杰出而受到认可的)奖品，奖(项)
prize (比赛、竞赛中获得的)奖品，奖金
选词填空(award/prize/reward/bonus)
①The firm recognized Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra ________.
②The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of _________.
③The actor won an Academy ________ for his role in the film.
④First ________ in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
bonus
reward
Award
prize
单句语法填空
⑤These returns will not be enough to meet the payment of annual __________(bonus) to policyholders.
翻译句子
⑥能够步行去上班是这份新工作额外的好处。
_________________________________________________________
⑦每个雇员都得到了相似数目的奖金。
_______________________________________
bonuses
Being able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.
Each employee received a like bonus.
At the time, his appointment seemed a stroke of genius.
当时，对他的任命犹如神来之笔。
She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4:15．
她在星期五下午4点15分安排了一次会面。
3．appointment n．预约；约会；委任
make/arrange an appointment with sb.与某人约定/约会/预约
appointment as /to sth.……的任命/委任
keep an appointment准时赴约
appoint vt.任命，委派；约定，指定；装设，布置
appointed adj.指定的，约定的
I’ve got a dental appointment at 3 o’clock.
我约了3点看牙医。
appointment常指聚会、谈生意等事先安排的约定；date常指恋人之间的约会。
完成句子
①She has an ______________ with her accountant.
她和她的会计约好了见面。
②He secured the ______________ of professor of English literature in the university.
他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授。
appointment
appointment
单句语法填空
③Patients can make _____ appointment after registering through the hospital app or mini-programs on WeChat.
④I’d like to set up a doctor’s ___________ (appoint) as soon as possible.
⑤I am very sorry，I will not be able to keep my appointment _______ you on Thursday.
⑥Our visitors arrived at the ____________(appoint) time.
an
appointment
with
appointed
Four men were found guilty of breach of the peace.
四名男子被判扰乱治安罪。
When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead.
当我们感到愤怒时，压抑这种情绪反而会觉得内疚。
4．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
feel guilty about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到内疚/惭愧的
guilty of sth.犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的
guilt n. [法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失； 内疚，悔恨； 自责
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
He pleaded guilty to murder.
他承认犯有谋杀罪。
形容词后缀-y表示“具有……性质的”
salty adj.咸的
handy adj.有用的；手边的
sleepy adj.困倦的；想睡的
完成句子
①I feel so _________ and angry about the whole issue.
我对整件事深感内疚和气愤。
②When they found us _________，I just went blank.
当他们判定我们有罪时，我的脑子顿时一片空白。
guilty
guilty
Balloons suspend easily in the air.
气球容易浮在空中。
He overstepped the mark and we had no option but to suspend him.
他言行出格，我们别无选择只好让他停职。
5．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
suspend sb./sth. from /by /on sth.把……悬挂在……上
suspend sb. from sth. 使暂时停职(或停学等)
suspended adj. 暂停的，缓期的(宣判)，悬浮的
suspender n. 吊裤带； 悬挂物； 吊杆； 吊袜带
hang, suspend 这两个动词均含“挂，吊”之意。
hang 通常指一端固定于一点或一条线上，另一端悬于空中的状态
suspend 侧重悬挂物支撑点的灵活性和活动自由
单句语法填空
①A lamp ________________(suspend) from the ceiling.
②Her body was found ____________(suspend)by a rope.
③Production has _________________(suspend)while safety checks are carried out.
was suspended
suspended
been suspended
The Prime Minister has the power to dismiss and appoint senior ministers.
首相有权任免高级部长。
I wouldn’t dismiss it out of hand.
我不会不假思索地摈弃它。
6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
dismiss sb./sth. (as sth.) 不予考虑；摒弃；对……不屑一提
dismiss sth. (from sth.) 去除，消除，摒除(思想、感情等)
dismiss sb. (from sth.)解雇；免职；开除
dismissal n．解雇，免职； 撤退； 解雇通知；[法律]驳回，拒绝受理
dismiss和fire同义，dismiss/fire sb. for sth.都可表示“因……解雇某人”。
写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Though he had stolen from his employers, they did not dismiss him, out of consideration for his family. _______
②Dorothy was ready to dismiss the idea of making too large a hole in Mother’s cheque. _______
③At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed. _______
④Most ordinary doctors, however, dismiss this as complete nonsense.
___________
解雇
摒除
解散
不予考虑
单句语法填空
⑤The suggestion should not be ____________ (dismiss)out of hand.
⑥_____________ (dismiss)her fears, she climbed higher.
翻译句子
⑦委员会已决定辞退他。
____________________________________________
dismissed
Dismissing
The committee has decided to dismiss him.
She declared that the whole project was a waste of time and money.
她声称整个项目既浪费时间又浪费钱。
Soon they will declare her the owner of the house.
很快他们就会宣布她为房子的主人。
7．declare vt.宣布；宣称；声明；表明
declare sth.宣布某事
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表明(或声明)支持/反对……
declare off取消
declare oneself发表意见，表明态度
declare war on/against...对(……)宣战
declarer n．宣告者
declaration n．宣布，宣言，宣告；申报，声明(书)
The headmaster declared the sports meeting began.
校长宣布运动会开始。
declare，announce
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.
当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时，大家都静静地听着。
The chairman declared the meeting closed.
主席宣布会议结束。
declare 多指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，多指在公开场合对某事发表态度
announce 多指对公众或特定人群发布他们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤其是新闻之类的消息
用declare，announce的正确形式填空
①They____________ the date of their wedding in the newspaper last week.
②On July 13,2001，Mr. Samaranch___________ Beijing would host the 2008 Olympics.
announced
declared
单句语法填空
③The moment the military operation _______________(declare)open on August 1, 2017, the whole country cheered.
④We must declare war ______________ any form of invasion, regardless of what a high price we will pay for the cruel battles to come.
⑤August 8 was declared ________(be)National Fitness Day, when various events were held to encourage people to take more physical exercise.
was declared
on/against
to be
The new product had been tested out before it was put into market.
这种新产品经过试验后才进入市场。
Have you tested out this new theory
你测试过这个新理论了吗？
重 点 短 语
1．test out 试验；考验；检验；测试
test sb.on sth.在……方面测试某人
test sth.on sb./sth.在……身上试验……
test sb.for sth.为某事检查某人
take a test in/for...参加……考试/测试
The scientist tests out the theory by experiment.
科学家通过实验来检验理论。
完成句子
①The beauty products ___________________________ so far.
至今这种美容产品还没有被试验过。
②I __________________________ that new mattress.
我已经等不及试试那个新床垫了。
③Tens of thousands of people ______________ for government officers every year.
每年成千上万的人参加公务员考试。
have not been tested out
can’t wait to test out
take a test
He’s more like a film star than a life-guard, really.
真的，与其说他像救生员，不如说他更像电影明星。
You’re looking more like your usual self.
你现在看上去更像你平时的样子了。
2．more like更像是；更接近
more likely更有可能的；更有希望的
more and more 越来越……； 日益……
more often更频繁，更经常
more and more often越来越经常；越来越多
more often than not往往，多半
完成句子
①A team which is full of enthusiasm is ______________ to win.
情绪高涨的球队更可能获胜。
②People are dying of cancer ______________________.
死于癌症的人越来越多了。
more likely
more and more often
③______________________ she misses the bus.
她经常赶不上这班公共汽车。
④Man is using up ________________ natural resources.
人类正在消耗越来越多的自然资源。
单句语法填空
⑤The opening speeches sounded more _______ declarations of war than offerings of peace.
More often than not
more and more
like
在more...than...中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的内容，相当于“是……而不是……”。
The hat is more green than blue.
这顶帽子是绿色而不是蓝色的。
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
与其说这是一本语法书还不如说是一本字典。
重 点 句 型
1．He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。
no more than仅仅
not more than不超过
no＋比较级＋than与……一样不……
not＋比较级＋than不比……更……
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
You are no more careful than he is.
你和他一样不仔细。
Tom is not more diligent than Mary.
汤姆不如玛丽勤奋。
完成句子
①He is _______ a scholar _______ a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是学者。
②China Daily is ________________________.It helps to improve our English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一种报纸，它还有助于提高我们的英语水平。
more
than
more than a newspaper
③How disappointing！They have finished _______________ 5% of the work.
多么令人失望啊！他们仅仅完成了这项工作的5%。
no more than
2．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
该句是复合句。it是从句的形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It was clear that they had no desire for peace.
很明显他们没有对和平的渴望。
It seems that Mr Wu’s idea is more practical.
看起来吴先生的意见更实际一些。
It happened that I wasn’t there that day.
恰巧那天我不在那里。
it作形式主语的常见结构如下：
(1)It’s a pity/a shame/good news/an honour/a good thing/one’s hope that...
(2)It’s strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/possible/ obvious that...
(3)It seems/happened/suddenly struck me that...
(4)It is said/reported/announced/expected/arranged that...
(5)It is doubtful/not decided/not made clear/to be decided/a question＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
(6)It doesn’t matter/doesn’t make too much difference＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
单句语法填空
①Failure can either become an obstacle and an excuse or become your teacher in what not to do. _____ is obvious that people call it a ladder of success because you need to climb it in order to get somewhere.
②It’s our hope _______ we will play a greater role _____ the marketplace and, therefore, supply more jobs.
③The rain lasted about an hour and it was a pity _______ we had to stop our work.
It
that
in
that
本句中one of the richest and most powerful women around是Gladys Claffern的同位语。同位语是用来对名词(或代词)做进一步解释的，它可以是单词、短语或从句。
Mr. Smith，our new teacher，is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
3．She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern，one of the richest and most powerful women around.
她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是周围最有钱有势的女人之一。
He himself told me that his brother John was a world famous doctor.
他本人对我讲他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health.
他总是努力工作，尽管他知道他身体不好这个事实。
特别提示：要注意名词(或代词)与它的同位语分隔的现象。
The thought came to me that I would invite him to McDonald’s.
当时我产生一个念头，即我要请他吃麦当劳。
(同位语从句that I would invite him to McDonald’s与the thought被came to me分隔。翻译时，可加上“即”或用冒号、破折号。)
单句语法填空
①The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
解析：考查同位语从句。所填词引导的从句说明belief的内容，是同位语；从句不缺少句子成分，而且句意完整，故填that。
that
②I made a promise to myself _______ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：我自己许诺，今年，我在高中的第一年，会有所不同的。本从句是同位语从句，说明promise的内容。且从句中不缺少句子成分，故用连词that引导。
that
本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是倒装句式，并且是全部倒装。句子的主语是Gladys Claffern，谓语是stood，there作地点状语。正常语序应是“Gladys Claffern stood there”。
4．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
当here，there，now，then，in，down，out，up，off，away等表示地点、时间和方位的副词位于句首，谓语动词是come，go，live，lie，happen to be，used to be，stand等，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。其中谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时，而不能用进行时态，且当主语是代词时，不用倒装结构。
There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom.
我们教室前有一棵老松树。
The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.
门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。
单句语法填空
①All of a sudden the door opened and in _______ (come) a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dress.
解析：考查时态。句意：突然门开了，进来了一群穿着各式各样奇装异服的孩子。and连接的两个分句的时态要一致，故用came。
②There _______ (lie)a large field of rice in front of our village.
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在我们的村庄前面有一大片稻田。there引导的完全倒装句，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致，主语是rice，故谓语动词用单数。故用lies。
came
lies
③In the southwest of China there ______(lie) many forests where live a great variety of plants and animals.
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国西南部有许多森林，在那里生活着各种各样的动植物。本句主语是many forests，为复数形式，再参考从句动词live，故用lie。
lie
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The workers expected to share out a year-end ________(红利).
2．I think we can safely __________(消除) their objections.
3．I fixed up an ______________(预约) to see her.
4．He’s hoping that if he makes me feel _________(内疚), I’ll retract.
5．I’m afraid our school will have to __________(暂停) classes tomorrow, though.
bonus
dismiss
appointment
guilty
suspend
6．It is important to be precise when we ____________(计算) these figures, as even a small mistake can cost us millions of dollars.
7．A man of moral ____________(正直) does not fear any slanderous attack.
8．They want a house, __________(然而) we would rather live in a flat.
9．He told you the whole sad story, I __________(假定)．
10．He was halfway up the _________(梯子)．
calculate
integrity
whereas
presume
ladder
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is quite certain _______ he will be at the meeting.
解析：句意：他当然会来开会。it作形式主语，that 引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填that。
2．In consequence of your bad work I am forced _____________ (dismiss) you.
解析：句意：由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事。故填不定式 to dismiss。
that
to dismiss
3．I have an ______________ (appoint) at the doctor’s.
解析：句意：我在诊所有个预约。an后面为名词。故填appointment。
4．They will consider whether or not he has been _________(guilt) of serious professional misconduct.
解析：句意：他们将考虑，他是否犯有玩忽职守的重大过失。guilty of sth.犯了罪的；有过失的。故填guilty。
appointment
guilty
5．The introduction of the new system has _________________ (suspend) until next year.
解析：句意：新制度推迟到明年再被实施。suspend 与new system之间为被动关系。故填been suspended。
6．Some are proved in the way the system operates _____ a daily basis.
解析：句意：有些内容可以从系统每天的运行方式中得到证明。on a... basis根据；以……的方式。故填on。
been suspended
on
7．The _____________(saleswoman) at the supermarket were trying to keep up with the demand.
解析：句意：超市里的女售货员们努力地紧跟要求。句中谓语为复数，故主语也应是复数形式。
8．But sometimes it seems more _______ a mystery.
解析：句意：不过有时它似乎更像是个谜。 more like更像。故填like。
saleswomen
like
9．_____ is important that we should study hard.
解析：句意：我们努力学习是很重要的。it作形式主语。故填It。
10．We heard the news _______ our team had won.
解析：句意：我们听到消息说我们队赢了。that引导同位语从句。故填that。
It
that
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He wished to ___________ the item before selling it.
他希望在出售前先检验一下这件商品。
2．The space suit he wears had a name _____________________ even before it existed in reality.
他所穿的航天服，甚至在制成之前，科学幻想小说中就有这个叫法了。
test out
in science fiction
3．For Chinese applicants, the first step in applying for a visa is to ______________________ by calling 65325305．
对于申请(赴美)签证的中国人来说，第一步是通过拨打电话65325305来预约面谈时间。
4．If you violate the rules here, we shall have to __________________ _____.
如果你违反了这里的规定，我们将不得不开除你。
5．Some people like coffee，_________________________________.
有人喜欢咖啡，然而也有人喜欢茶。
make an appointment
dismiss you from the post
whereas/while others like tea
6．I’ve got a new flat，_________________________.
我有一套新住房，或者更确切地说，有一个大房间。
7．___________________ to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。
8．Peter’s parents _______________________________ toward the captain’s daughter Maria.
彼得的父母改变了对上尉的女儿玛利亚的看法。
or rather a large room
It is ridiculous
(have) changed their attitude
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
A robot used for housework was tested 1．______ in Larry’s family. He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair and a deep voice. Larry was going to be away from home with the robot 2．_______________ (accompany) his wife Claire. Claire didn’t like the idea in 3．______ beginning, but she agreed to it at last. At her first sight of Tony, Claire was alarmed. When Tony offered to help her dressing, Claire felt 4．______________(embarrass).5．____________(gradual)，Tony began to win Claire’s trust.
out
accompanying
the
embarrassed
Gradually
Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her 6．__________(friend) to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was 7．____________ (return). By that time, Tony expected that the house, 8．________ was being completely transformed, would be ready. The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests 9．_________________ (arrive) soon. Tony 10．________ (declare)that he did not want to leave her the next day. Then the front door bell rang.
friends
to return
which
would be arriving
declared
夯基提能作业(共39张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
单元语法精析
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态
一、各种时态的被动结构
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have
been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall /will be done 无 shall/will have
been done
过去 将来 should/would be done 无 should/would
have been done
Everyone’s pay will be increased next year by 5%.
明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下月底前这项工作将会完成。
The house is quite old.It was built in 1950．
这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。
单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he _____________________(follow)．
解析：考查语态和时态。he和follow是动宾关系；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适。故填was being followed。
was being followed
②(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ___________________________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填will have been installed。
will have been installed
③(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。
was given
二、被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种植水稻。
2．强调动作的承受者。
The tree was broken by that boy.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
三、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
(1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变；
(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
He told us a story.
他给我们讲故事。
→We were told a story by him.
我们听(他讲)故事。
→A story was told to us by him.
故事由他给我们讲。
2．动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。
She will take good care of the children.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→The children will be taken good care of by her.
孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3．复合宾语通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补上。
Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在湖里游泳。
→He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天他被看见在湖里游泳。
4．特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By＋疑问词”开头。
Who has broken the cup
谁打碎了杯子？
→By whom has the cup been broken
杯子被谁打碎了？
完成句子
①My English name is Walter. It ________________________________ when I was at the university.
我的英文名是Walter，它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。
②Her money ______________________ and her patience is also running out.
她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。
③____________________ by the moving movie.
我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
was given by my English professor
has been run out of
I was made to cry
四、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1．意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
The window is broken.
窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
2．用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用 much，very much，so much, too much修饰。
He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
单句语法填空
①I was pleased __________(hear) you’ve been promoted.
②He was pleased _____ his teacher’s praise.
③I was quite surprised _______ the significance of the findings.
④Everyone was surprised _____ the speed with which the dispute was settled.
to hear
by
with
by
五、常见主动表被动的情况
1．有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。
This pen writes smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
This car sells well.
这车很畅销。
2．在某些形容词(hard，difficult，easy, heavy，fit, good，comfortable，convenient，impossible, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。
English is easy to learn.
英语很容易学。
The box is heavy to carry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3．“半系动词＋形容词”结构，look，smell, taste, sound, feel，prove，turn out等。
The food in this restaurant tastes good.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
The news turned out (to be) true.
这消息原来是真的。
4．need, want, require, deserve，be worth 后面接动词的-ing形式，主动表被动。
The novel is worth reading.
这本小说值得一读。
The old house requires repairing.
这所旧房子需要修理。
单句语法填空
①This kind of knife _______(cut)well.
②Your writing is really difficult __________(read)．
③That _________(sound) great. Deal me in!
④All the old carpets need ____________________________(replace)．
cuts
to read
sounds
replacing/to be replaced
六、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。
如：fit, have，marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
完成句子
①A person who is truly honest ____________ a straight arrow.
直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
②You ________________ a lot of strange questions by them.
他们将问你许多奇怪的问题。
③By last December three ships _________________ by them.
到去年十二月他们已建造了三艘船。
④I have some clothes __________.
我有一些衣服要洗。
is called
will be asked
had been built
to wash
⑤Your idea _______________ wrong.
你的想法证实是错的。
⑥The book ________ quickly.
书销售得快。
⑦Will more gas ____________？
需要更多的煤气吗？
⑧The music isn’t pleasant _______________.
这音乐不好听。
proved to be
sells
be needed
to listen to
语法专题练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They are going _____________(send) to work in Tibet for two years.
2．—Do you have any problems if you ______________(offer) this job
—Well，I’m thinking about the salary.
3．Though we don’t know what was being discussed，yet we can feel the topic ___________________(change)．
4．Much progress ________________(make) in China with the help of the people’s hard work.
to be sent
are offered
has been changed
is being made
5．Nowadays, more new technologies ____________________(apply) in the field of IT.
6．The shop assistant was dismissed as she ______________(accuse) of cheating customers.
7．You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan _____________________(discuss) there.
8．The surface of this table feels so smooth. I think it is well worth _________ (buy)．
are being applied
was accused
is being discussed
buying
9．The manager was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets __________________(book)．
10．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________________ (decide)．
had been booked
has been decided
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写为被动语态
1．We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.
→_______________________________________________________
2．They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
→______________________________________________________
3．They have warned us to be careful of rats.
→_____________________________________________________
English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.
100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.
4．We must keep this in mind.
→_____________________________
5．We shall not use the washing machine again.
→______________________________________________
6．A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→_______________________________________________________
This must be kept in mind.
The washing machine will not be used again.
My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
7．He showed me a ticket.
→___________________________________
→_______________________________
8．The nurse is taking care of the sick people.
→_______________________________________________________
A ticket was shown to me by him.
I was shown a ticket by him.
The sick people are being taken care of by the nurse.
语法主题应用
请用被动语态介绍你喜欢的一部科幻小说。
1．《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)是玛丽·雪莱(Marry Shelley)写的一篇科幻小说；
2．这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一；
3．这本小说出版后，受到广泛关注；
4．小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经历；
5．这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Frankenstein is a science fiction which was written by Marry Shelley. It is regarded as one of the earliest science fictions in English literature.After the novel was published，it drew wide attention. The story of the novel is based on science, imagination and personal experiences. The novel has been translated into many languages.
夯基提能作业(共102张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________ adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
2．___________ adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→______________ n．优越(性)，优等； 傲慢
3．_________ n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作→___________ n．(尤指户外的)体力劳动者，劳工，工人
4．__________ n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套→___________ adj.皮的，皮革制的，似皮革的→___________ adj.似皮革的，坚韧的
blurred
superior
superiority
labour
labourer
leather
leathern
leathery
5．________ n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
6．_______ n．英寸
7．____________ adv.向后；倒着；往回→(反义词)___________ adv.向前方，继续向前
8．_______ vt.& vi. 紧握；抓紧
9．________ n．侄女；外甥女→(反义词)_________ n．侄子，外甥
10．________ vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
11．_______________ n．手帕；纸巾
12．_______ n．灯；台灯
panel
inch
backwards
forwards
grip
niece
nephew
fetch
handkerchief
lamp
13．_______ n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
14．___________ n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→_________ vt.& vi. 分开； 分隔； 除以； 分配→_____________ adj.分割的，分开的； 分区的，分部的
15．_______ n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
16．_________ adj.随机的；不可思议的→___________ adv.随便地，未加计划地→_____________ n．随意，无安排； 随机性
pace
division
divide
divisional
urge
random
randomly
randomness
17．__________ adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度→__________ adj.最低的； 最小的； 最少的 n．最低限度； 最小量； 最低消费
18．__________ vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→____________ n．爆炸，炸裂； 爆发； 扩张，激增； (感情，尤指愤怒的)突然爆发→____________ adj.爆炸的； 易爆炸的； 突增的； 暴躁的
19．______ n．泥；泥浆
maximum
minimum
explode
explosion
explosive
mud
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________事物的利与弊；支持与反对
2．____________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
3．________________ 与……冲突或抵触
4．___________ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
5．____________ (逐渐)减少；消失
6．__________________________ 有强烈的欲望做某事
pros and cons
take over
conflict with
turn out
fall away
have an urge to do sth.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．_________ at ten o’clock today _______ the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。
2．Night came __________ lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。
3．_____________ I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。
It was
that
as if a
So long as
Ⅳ.语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statementss are true (T) or false(F)．
1．The author checked the machine before he started it. ( )
2．The author’s niece came in to see how he worked. ( )
3．It seemed to the author his niece travelled very fast. ( )
4．The author found the surface of the earth changed. ( )
T
F
T
T
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？_______
A．The fast growth of trees.
B．The disappearance of buildings.
C．The speed of his travel through time.
D．His experience of travelling through time.
D
2．Where did the machine land _______
A．In the mud. B．On the road.
C．In the air. D．In the laboratory.
3．How did the author feel when he landed？_______
A．Surprised. B．Satisfied.
C．Frightened. D．Thrilled.
A
A
课内要点探究
She would have five shillings after paying tram fare.
付了电车费后，她还会剩下五先令。
How much is the single fare to Glasgow
去格拉斯哥的单程票多少钱？
The taxi driver picked up a fare at the station.
出租车司机在车站拉了一个乘客。
重 点 单 词
1．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价；乘客
bus/air/taxi/car/train fare
公交车/飞机/出租车/汽车/火车费用
return fare 来回路费；往返票价
fare，fee，cost
fare 指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用
fee 医生、律师或其他专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等
cost “成本”“原价”，常用来表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。通常不会用人来当主语
选词填空(fare/fee/cost)
①The train _______ has already been taken out from his salary.
②The doctor’s ______ was fifty dollars for a complete physical examination.
③They reduced the _______ of production, so as to fetch down the price of the products.
fare
fee
cost
A few years ago it was impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops.
几年前在当地的商店里不可能买到上好的咖啡。
We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends.
我们之间的关系远比我们许多朋友之间的关系好得多。
He always does what his superiors tell him.
他唯上级之命是从。
2．superior adj.更好的，占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，长官；优胜者
superior to sb. /sth.比……(在品质上)更好；更胜一筹
superior to sb. (在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
superior in...在……方面优越
superior quality优质，上等品；高级货品
superior court 高等法院；上级法院
be inferior to...低于；不如……；在……之下
be senior to...比……年长(资历深)
be junior to...比……年轻(资历浅)
superior的易错点
superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级形式，用“superior to”表示“两事物的比较”。
单句语法填空
①At the meeting, experts stated this method was superior _____ others.
②He was valued by both his peer and his ____________(superior)．
补全句子
③This model is technically ______________(优于) its competitors.
④There are some people _______________(级别比我低)．
to
superiors
superior to
junior to me
The company wants to keep down labour costs.
公司想保持低劳动成本。
She often does volunteer labour during holidays.
放假时她常参加义务劳动。
We laboured all day in the fields.
我们在田地里辛勤劳动了一整天。
3．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
(1) a labour of love 爱做的事情
manual/physical labour 体力劳动
cheap labour 廉价劳动力
labour force 劳动力
(2)labour to do... 艰难地去做……
labour away 努力去做(艰难的事)
完成句子
①It is necessary for us to take part in __________________________.
我们参加体力劳动是十分必要的。
②We ___________________ a matter of honour.
我们认为劳动是光荣的事。
physical/manual labour
regard labour as
③The owner of the shop ______________ please his customers.店主竭尽全力取悦顾客。
④Unemployment in Britain rose to 8.1% of the _______________.
英国的失业人数已上升至劳动力总数的8.1%。
单句语法填空
⑤They ___________(labour) for years to clear their son’s name.
解析：句意：他们为洗刷儿子的罪名奋力斗争了许多年。labour 此处用作谓语，可作延续性动词，能跟一段时间连用。故用laboured。
laboured to
labour force
laboured
The third wave was so strong that it knocked me backwards.
第三个浪头如此猛烈，把我击得往后退。
Bess glanced backwards.
贝丝往后瞥了一眼。
4．backwards adv. 向后；倒着；往回
backwards and forwards来来回回
bend/fall/lean over backwards 竭尽全力(尤指为实现公平给予帮助)
know something backwards了如指掌
forwards adv. (反义词) 向前方，继续向前
完成句子
①I lost my balance and fell ____________.
我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。
②In the movie they take a journey ____________ through time.
影片中的人作逆时光旅行。
③He paced ____________ and forwards nervously.
他紧张地来回踱步。
backwards
backwards
backwards
He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake.
他让司机去给他买一杯草莓奶昔。
I had to fetch water from the well.
我得从井里打水。
5．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
bring, carry, take, fetch, get, convey, transport 这些动词均有“带，拿，取”之意。
bring 指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点，强调方向，不强调方式
carry 指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不涉及方向，只强调方式
take 指从说话人或说话人心目中所在处把某人或某物带离开，带到离说话者有一定距离的地方，与bring的方向正相反，侧重方向，不强调方式
fetch 指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处
get 口语用词，与fetch基本同义，语气随便
convey 指通过中间人传递信息，或以某种方式把人或物送到目的地
transport 指使用车辆或机械设备把人或货物从一处运载到另一处
翻译句子
①他去拿一些书来。
________________________________
单句语法填空
②I asked him ___________ (fetch)me the evening paper.
解析：句意：我请他去给我把晚报拿来。ask sb. to do sth.要某人干某事。故填to fetch。
He went to fetch some books.
to fetch
选词填空(bring/carry/take/fetch/convey/transport)
③Don’t forget to ________ your books with you.
④He was ___________ a suitcase.
⑤I forgot to _______ my bag with me when I got off the bus.
⑥Should I ________ your slippers
⑦Pipes _________ hot water from the boiler to the radiators.
⑧The seeds are ______________ by the wind.
bring
carrying
take
fetch
convey
transported
Instead of moving at his usual stately pace, he was almost running.
他没像平时那样优雅从容地走着，而是几乎跑了起来。
With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders.
还剩4圈的时候，他与那些领先者并驾齐驱。
He scares teams to death with his pace and power.
他的速度和力量把其他队吓破了胆。
6．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏；踱步；缓慢而行
(1)n.速度；步伐；节奏
keep pace with...(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱
off the pace(赛跑或比赛中)在领头人之后，在领头队之后
set the pace确定速度；确立标准；领先
(2)vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏； 来回踱步；走来走去
He paced his game skillfully.
他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。
Ted paced the floor restlessly.
特德焦躁地在屋里走来走去。
单句语法填空
①She found it hard to keep pace _______ him as he sped up.
解析：句意：当他加速的时候，她发现很难跟上他。keep pace with(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱。
with
完成句子
②The company is no longer ___________________ in the home computer market.
这家公司再也不能在国内计算机市场上独领风骚了。
③Tiger Woods is still three shots ______ the pace (in golf)．
泰格·伍兹(在高尔夫比赛中)仍落后领先选手三杆。
④She ________up and down outside the room.
她在屋子外面来回走着。
setting the pace
off
paced
He had an urge to open a shop of his own.
他很想自己开一家店。
Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.
一回到自己的公寓，她就有一种想要刷牙的冲动。
What can we do to urge these lazy workers to greater production
我们怎样才能鼓励这些懒惰的工人去努力增产呢？
7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
(1)urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge/it is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
urgency n．紧急；催促
He urged the hen to lay eggs.
他敦促母鸡下蛋。
单句语法填空
①Our teacher urges us ___________(study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
②I have _____ urge to help people out when they’re in trouble.
③I make an _________(urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④There happens to be a particular __________(urgent) in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules.
to study
an
urgent
urgency
The list is arranged in a random order.
名单排列不分先后。
I asked a few random questions of Ellen as we sat there.
当我们坐在那里的时候，我随便问了爱伦几个问题。
8．random adj.随机的；不可思议的
at random随意地；胡乱地；任意地
He took a book at random off the shelf.
他随意从书架上拿下一本书。
random，casual
random 指无明确的方向或目的
casual 指轻松随便地，强调随和性
单句语法填空
①The terrorists fired on the crowd _____ random.
②(2021·高考全国乙卷)They were ___________(random)divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels.
完成句子
③He took a flower ____________，put down $5 and walked out of the shop straight away.
他随手取了一枝花，放下5美元，立刻走出了商店。
at
randomly
at random
In April 1945, I heard something explode at midnight.
1945年的4月，我半夜突然听到爆炸声。
Suddenly Charles exploded with anger.
突然查尔斯勃然大怒。
India’s population has exploded in the last few years.
在最近几年里，印度的人口急剧增加。
9．explode vi.&vt. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂
(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
法国草莓尝起来不像硬纸板，相反，它们在你的嘴里爆炸，就像小口味炸弹。
explode into/with sth.勃然大怒；大发雷霆；突然发生(危险)
explosion n．爆炸
explosive adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的
A violent explosion seemed to shake the whole ground.
剧烈的爆炸好像要把整个地面都掀起来。
explode，blow up，burst
explode 用于指炸弹等“爆炸”或“使(炸弹等)爆炸”
blow up 用来指人(用炸药)“炸毁”楼房等物体
burst 指事物因外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或撑破
The gas pipe is explosive.If it explodes，the explosion may do great damage to the buildings around.
煤气管道是易爆的。如果管道发生爆炸，爆炸会对周围的楼房造成极大损害。
单句语法填空
①The speaker’s mistake was so funny that the audience ___________ (explode) with laughter.
②How can we explain the recent population ____________(explode)
③His temper is ____________，and he always ___________ with anger at small bad things.(explode)
exploded
explosion
explosive
explodes
选词填空(explode/burst/blow up)
④After ten days of rain the river ________ its banks.
解析：句意：下了十天雨后河堤决口了。
⑤The terrorists are threatening to __________ the hijacked airliner.
解析：句意：恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。
⑥The city’s population has ___________ in the last few years.
解析：句意：在最近几年里这个城市的人口急剧增加。explode表示“突增；激增”。
burst
blow up
exploded
⑦In order to beautify the city，they __________ some old buildings.
解析：句意：为了美化城市，他们炸毁了一些旧建筑。
⑧Firecrackers _________ here and there when the Spring Festival came.
解析：句意：春节到来的时候，烟花爆竹到处都是。
blew up
exploded
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。
There are not enough trained younger men and women ready to take over from older experts.
现在人才青黄不接。
重 点 短 语
1．take over 接替；接任；接管；接手
take place发生，进行
take up 开始从事； 接受(提议); 占用
take off脱掉； 起飞； (使)离开； 突然成功
take on承担； 呈现； 雇用； 录用
单句语法填空
①Lao Wang was sent to the hospital and I had to take _______ his work.
解析：句意：老王住院了， 我得接替他的工作。take over 接管，接替。故答案为over。
②The meeting should take ________on the fifth of May.
解析：句意：会议将于5月5日举行。take place发生；进行。故答案为place。
over
place
③He left a job in the city to take _____ farming.
解析：句意：他辞去城里的工作，开始务农。take up开始从事； 接受(提议)；占用。故答案为up。
④You can watch aircraft take ______ or land at close quarters.
解析：句意：你可以近距离观察飞机的起降。take off脱掉； 起飞； (使)离开； 突然成功。故答案为off。
⑤It is the last time I will take _____ this sort of work.
解析：句意：这将是我最后一次干这种工作了。take on承担； 呈现； 雇用； 录用。故答案为on。
up
off
on
These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with my own.
他持有坚定的观点，通常与我的观点相左。
2．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
conflict n．冲突；争执；争论 v．(想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾
a conflict between two cultures两种文化的冲突
in conflict (with sb.)(和某人)有冲突或抵触
come into conflict with...与……发生冲突
Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.
个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。
单句语法填空
①If so, your points of view are bound to conflict _______ his.
解析：句意：如果这样的话， 你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。conflict with与……冲突或抵触。故答案为with。
②She found herself in conflict _______ her parents over her future career.
解析：句意：她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。in conflict with sb.和某人有冲突或抵触。故答案为with。
with
with
③My interests come into conflict _______ yours.
解析：句意：我的兴趣与你的兴趣不同。come into conflict with 与……冲突或抵触。故答案为with。
with
Sometimes things don’t turn out the way we think they’re going to.
有时事情并不像我们认为的那样发展。
I feel certain that it will all turn out well.
我觉得最后肯定会皆大欢喜。
3．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
turn up 调大；到场；出现；翻身，翻转；找到
turn on 打开
turn in 上交
turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
turn off关掉
turn around 转身
turn to求助于
用turn的短语填空
①He promised to come but hasn’t ____________ yet.
②The experiment _____________ to be a great success.
③Don’t forget to ___________ the light when you leave.
④Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will __________ sooner or later.
⑤Students ____________ their homework as usual.
turned up
turned out
turn off
turn up
turned in
⑥Whenever you are in trouble, you can __________ the police for help.
⑦Tom had to ____________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
⑧She has ______________ several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
⑨They searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but ____________ nothing.
turn to
turn down
turned down
turned up
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
随着他的名望下降，他的支持者渐渐离他而去。
All our doubts fell away.
我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。
4．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
fall apart散开，破碎；崩溃，破裂； 散架
fall asleep入睡； 睡着
fall back后退， (对方因被击败而)退却；回落
单句语法填空
①The market for their products fell _______ to almost nothing.
解析：句意：他们的产品市场几乎萎缩到零。fall away减少。故答案为away。
away
②After changing the bed, I would fall _________ quickly.
解析：句意：换了床单，我很快就能睡着。fall asleep睡着。故答案为asleep。
③Inflation could fall _______ into single figures as early as this month.
解析：句意：通货膨胀率最早有可能在本月就回落至个位数。fall back回落。故答案为back。
asleep
back
本句为强调句式，at ten o’clock today 为被强调部分。
重 点 句 型
1．It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。
(1)强调句的结构：It is/was＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人时)＋其他部分。
(2)强调结构的时态取决于原句的时态。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
在我返回公寓时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。
It was Mary who/that offered us a lot of help.
玛丽给我们提供了很多帮助。
一般说来，如果把句子中的“It is/was...that/who”去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整句子，且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型。否则，不是强调句型。
按要求改成强调句
Her uncle brought her a present when he came back from business.
①___________________________________________ he brought her a present.(强调时间状语从句)
②________________________ brought her a present when he came back from business.(强调主语)
③___________________ her uncle brought her when he came back from business.(强调直接宾语)
It was when her uncle came back from business that
It was her uncle that/who
It was a present that
(1)as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。
(2)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to snow.
看来要下雪。
2．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。
(3)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)
与现在事实相反 过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 would/could/might＋do
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
单句语法填空
①Don’t handle the vase as if it _______(be) made of steel.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样拿着。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。故答案为were。
were
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ___________(do) it
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话的方式就好像是我干的一样呢？当说话者认为as if从句陈述的不是真实情况时要用虚拟语气。根据broke判断此处表示与过去事实相反，应用had＋过去分词。故答案为had done。
had done
so long as只要，引导条件状语从句。
I’ll help you so long as I have time.
只要我有时间我会帮助你的。
I don’t care, so long as she let me be with her.
只要她让我和她在一起，我才不在乎呢。
You may borrow this book, so long as you keep it clean.
这本书你只要能保持整洁，就可以借给你。
3．So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided (that)，given(that)，on condition that，only if等。
If you are tired, we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。
I won’t go to the party unless I’m invited.
除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。
You can go there on condition that you don’t come back late for dinner.
你可以去那儿，条件是回来吃饭不能太晚。
Supposing that there is no pure water, what shall we drink
假如没有纯净的水，我们喝什么？
I will go providing /provided that you go too.
如果你也去，我就去。
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。
so long as与as long as用法：
①as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句。
②as long as还可译为“与……一样长，长达……”。
完成句子
①He will surely finish the job on time _______________________ he’s left to do it in his own way.
只要让他用自己的方式工作，他肯定会按时完成。
②_____________ I get through customs I jump into a taxi.
我一通过海关就跳进了一辆计程车。
so long as/on condition that
As soon as
③You have to urge him to come back ______________ possible.
你必须敦促他尽早返回。
④We shall go ___________________________ the weather is fine.
只要天晴，我们就去。
as early as
provided/providing that
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Our ___________(占优势的) technology is our ace in the hole.
2．Latin America lacked skilled _________(劳动者).
3．I took a pace ____________(后退)．
4．Shall I ________ (去拿来)your bag from the next room
5．They could not stand the _______(节奏) or the workload.
6．You must _______(催促) the children on or we’ll never get home.
7．I knew nothing beyond a few _________ (随机的)facts.
superior
labour
backwards
fetch
pace
urge
random
8．She heard laughter __________(爆炸), then die.
9．__________(皮革) jeans that are too big will make you look larger.
10．That uniform makes the guards look _________(荒谬的)．
explode
Leather
absurd
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The villagers have to walk a mile ___________ (fetch)water.
解析：句意：村民得走一英里路去取水。不定式表示目的。故答案为to fetch。
2．Until now, wage increases have always kept pace _______ inflation.
解析：句意：到目前为止，工资的增长与通货膨胀始终保持同步。keep pace with与……保持同步。故答案为with。
to fetch
with
3．He has _____ urge to become a cinema star.
解析：句意：他渴望当一名电影明星。have an urge to do sth.有做某事的强烈欲望。故答案为an。
4．My phone seems to switch itself off ___________(random)．
解析：句意：我的手机好像随时自动关机。此处是副词修饰动词。故答案为randomly。
5．Bombs were ____________(explode)all around the city.
解析：句意：城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。根据句意及were可知用过去进行时。故答案为exploding。
an
randomly
exploding
6．Peter will take _______ as managing director when Bill retires.
解析：句意：比尔退休时彼得将接任总经理一职。take over接替；接任；接管；接手。故答案为over。
7．Your statement is in conflict _______ the rest of the evidence.
解析：句意：你的陈述同其余证据相矛盾。介词短语in conflict with与……冲突。故答案为with。
8．Our photograph shows how the plants will turn ______.
解析：句意：我们的照片展示了植物的生长状况。turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是。故答案为out。
over
with
out
9．The houses fell _______ as we left the city.
解析：句意：随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。fall away (逐渐)减少；消失。故答案为away。
10．_____ long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.
解析：句意：只要我们坚定地团结在一起， 就不必惧怕外来侵略。so long as只要，引导条件状语从句。故答案为So。
away
So
Ⅲ.选词填空
feel like，have an urge to，turn out，draw a breath，push through，due to，again and again
1．The chances are that this book may ___________ to be the bestseller of our time.
2．Would you ____________ coming along with us to the concert this Sunday
3．My brother ________________，determined that he would go on climbing.
turn out
feel like
drew a breath
4．The crowd in Quancheng Square was so thick that he had to _______________.
5．The town was cut off from the rest of the world _________ the heavy snow.
6．The vacation is coming and I __________________ travel around the world.
7．Mr. Brown was careful and would go over his work ______________ until he felt he had it right.
push through
due to
have an urge to
again and again
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．_________________ you have direct control over your goal, you will have a much higher chance of success.
只要你能直接掌控自己的目标，你成功的机会就会更大。
2．It seems _______________ everybody else knew about it except me.
看上去好像除了我之外每个人都知道此事。
As/So long as
as if /though
3．I ______________ we might travel to as far as Oak Valley, but we only managed half of the trip.
我原以为我们最远能到达橡树谷，结果只走完了半程。
4．________ those advantages above _______ make me qualified for the position.
正是上述优势能让我胜任这份工作。
had thought
It is
that
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The first of all Time Machines began its career at ten o’clock today.1．_________(give) it a last check, I sat myself in the leather seat. I drew 2．____ breath，gripped the lever and pushed it forwards. The laboratory 3．_______(go) hazy around me. My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief，apparently without 4．_________(see) me. I pushed the lever further. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again，5．_________(fast) and faster still.
Giving
a
went
seeing
faster
It is hard 6．_____________(explain) the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling. It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. I had a strong urge to look at the random things 7．______________ were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many 8．________(time)．I pulled the lever backwards hard. With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I 9．_____________(throw) through the air. I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. I was sitting in the rain in some mud next 10．_____ the machine.
to explain
that/which
times
was thrown
to
夯基提能作业Unit 1 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Sheep __are kept__(keep)by farmers to produce wool and mutton.
2．They were told that the result __would be announced__ (announce)the next week.
3．The first railway in the world __was designed__ (design)in the last century.
4．Five units of this textbook __had been studied__ (study)by the end of last term.
5．Cleaners in big cities usually get __paid__(pay) by the hour.
6．Books of this kind __sell__(sell) well.
7．Look! A nice picture __is being drawn__(draw) by our teacher.
8．—What do you think of the book
—Oh, excellent.It’s worth __reading__(read) a second time.
9．The flowers were so lovely that they __were sold__ (sell)out in no time.
10．A new cinema __is being built__ (build)here.They hope to finish it next month.
Ⅱ.按要求改写句子
1．You need to do the homework with care.(改为被动语态)
__The homework needs to be done with care.__
2．In the late 1970s students revived the tradition of carnival.(改为被动语态)
__The tradition of carnival was revived by students in the late 1970s.__
3．Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.(改为主动语态)
__You must pay attention to your pronunciation.__
4．Today millions of people enjoy carnival.(改为被动语态)
__Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today.__
5．He said that the trees would be planted by them soon.(改为主动语态)
__He said that they would plant the trees soon.__
6．He said that the work had been finished.(改为主动语态)
__He said that he had finished the work.__
7．They were making the new tool at that time.(改为被动语态)
__The new tool was being made by them at that time.__
8．They ought to take good care of the children in the nursery.(改为被动语态)
__The children ought to be taken good care of in the nursery.__
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Want to get your package delivered via robots Now there’s an app for that. If you live in Washington D．C．, or Redwood, you may have glimpsed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many curious onlookers.
The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focusing on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the world. This week, the company unveiled plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include package, a move that led it to declare itself “the world’s first robot package delivery service”. The next time you order food, this cute robot might roll up to deliver it. The package delivery service is not available to everyone yet.
The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4mph and can detect obstacles from 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through anything，”Nick Handrick, head of operations for Starship’s D． C．office, said. “If you had something in the way—a stick—it’s able to climb sticks.”
To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the company’s app. Customers then create a“Starship Delivery Address”， a unique address inside a Starship facility, where they can have package sent from places such as Amazon.com. Once a package is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text notification that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot. The robots are opened by customers via a mobile phone code.
Barriers exist for robotic ground delivery, with many states requiring that humans be in control of delivery robots. Those regulations haven’t stopped Starship Technologies from accumulating experience on streets around the globe ahead of the company’s latest launch. The company says its robots have covered more than 125,000 miles in more than 100 cities in 20 countries.
文章大意：本文是一篇科教类阅读。文章主要介绍了：想让你的包裹通过机器人传送吗？现在就有一个应用程序。如果你住在华盛顿特区或Redwood。你可能已经瞥见一个小的、方形的机器人在当地的人行道上滚动，管理好它自己的事情，但吸引了许多好奇的旁观者的注意。
1．What can we know about the robotic delivery？__A__
A．It is part of a trial project by Starship Technologies.
B．The robotic delivery is available to everyone at present.
C．You can use the service free of charge via smart phones.
D．The robots are opened by customers with a text notification.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，这些自动机器是去年星际飞船技术公司试点项目的一部分，该项目专注于从全球数十个城市的当地餐馆提供饭菜。故选A。
2．What does the underlined word“unveiled”in Paragraph 2 probably mean？__B__
A．Revised. B．Released.
C．Restored. D．Reset.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段“这些自动机器是去年星际飞船技术公司试点项目的一部分，该项目专注于从全球数十个城市的当地餐馆提供饭菜”可知，之前的这个计划只是试点项目，没有完全铺开。但是这一周，为了扩大送货范围，这个计划被公布了。故选B。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about？__D__
A．The good news of the service.
B．How the robotic delivery works.
C．The disadvantages of the robotic delivery.
D．Robotic delivery develops despite challenges.
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句以及最后一句可知，机器人地面运送存在障碍，许多州要求由人类控制运送机器人，但尽管如此，他们的机器人已经在20个国家的 100 多个城市行驶了超过 12.5 万英里。所以本段主要讲了尽管这项服务存在挑战但也是在向前发展。故选D。
4．What can be the best title for the text？__D__
A．New Robot Was Invented
B．Wheelless Robots Are on the Way
C．How Robots Deliver Packages
D．Packages Will Be Delivered by Robots
解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“Want to get your package delivered via robots？(你想通过机器人把包裹送到吗？)”以及所提及的“在华盛顿特区或Redwood，你可能会瞥见一个四四方方的小机器人在当地的人行道上滚动，运送包裹”可知，文章就是围绕机器人送包裹所展开的。后文又补充，机器人送包裹这项服务已经被公布且具体实施。最后也提及，虽然遇到挑战，但是也在继续向前发展。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I woke up without much enthusiasm, rolled out of bed and sat there not wanting to believe I had to go to work again.This must just be a bad dream that never seemed to 1．__B__ with the same old being done over and over again.I picked myself up to a standing position and 2．__C__ slowly around back towards my comfortable and warm bed and had to 3．__D__ the very last ounce of strength not to head back into its hug.What a 4．__A__ it was to get dressed and head out of the door!
Off I went to work arriving just in time.Then, what was worse, my boss said there was a(n) 5．__D__ job to do right now.I 6．__A__ that anybody could do this job and that somebody else would have to do it if I waited long enough.But, nobody else 7．__D__ up to the job and this left me with a sinking feeling.
That’s the same problem with your 8．__A__.Many people use up a lifetime trying to 9．__D__ somebody else to do all the hard work to improve their life.There is a lot of discomfort with actually 10．__B__ your very own life while it is much 11．__D__ to let others do it.The real problem, however, is that it takes a lot of 12．__A__ to find somebody who will do anything for you.Your life won’t change unless you are willing to grab hold of your life and 13．__C__ that nobody else will ever create the life you want.So, stop 14．__B__ anybody to do something for you.15．__C__， get your own body going and get it done now.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者不愿意去上班而又不得不去，到达单位后老板交代作者有紧急事情要做。就此作者进行了深入的思考，得出结论：要想改变自己的生活，你要掌控它并接受一个事实——其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活。因此，要亲自动手立即完成自己的工作。
1．A．begin B．end
C．make D．share
解析：由“with the same old being done over and over again”可知，上班是一个不会“结束”的事情。故选B。
2．A．glared B．talked
C．glanced D．walked
解析：作者已经站起来，但是因为实在不愿意去上班，因此舍不得地看了一眼舒适而温暖的床。故选C。
3．A．lack B．lose
C．test D．use
解析：空格处所填入的动词的宾语是strength，此句话表示作者用尽了最后一点力量不使自己回到床上，因此选择use合乎语境。故选D。
4．A．struggle B．surprise
C．shock D．mess
解析：根据前面语境“... slowly around back towards my comfortable and warm bed and had to __3__ the very last ounce of strength not to head back into its hug.”可知，作者经历了一番斗争，很不容易地起床了。故选A。struggle斗争，努力；surprise惊讶；shock震惊，休克；mess混乱。
5．A．good B．first
C．special D．urgent
解析：由“right now”可知，这份工作任务是很急的，因此选择urgent合乎语境。故选D。
6．A．knew B．explained
C．regretted D．promised
解析：此处指作者的心理活动，作者知道任何人都能做这个工作。故选A。
7．A．lived B．stayed
C．looked D．stepped
解析：根据前面语境“I __6__ that anybody could do this job”可知，任何人都可以做这项工作。再由But可知，此处表转折。但是，没有其他人做这项工作，这让我有一种沮丧的感觉。step up to sth.“走近，接近”。故选D。
8．A．life B．job
C．goal D．belief
解析：由下一句话中的life可知，作者想要表达的是很多人在生活中都是这样的。故选A。
9．A．refuse B．trust
C．search D．find
解析：由作者的经历可知，作者想着“找”别人来完成工作。故选D。
10．A．getting rid of B．taking charge of
C．looking forward to D．thinking much of
解析：由文章最后一句话可知，要亲自动手立即完成自己的工作，这是对自己生活的掌控和负责。故选B。get rid of 摆脱；take charge of负责；look forward to期待；think much of高度评价，重视。
11．A．harder B．longer
C．earlier D．easier
解析：while在句中表示对比关系，掌控自己的生活是不容易的，而让别人去做会容易得多。故选D。
12．A．effort B．courage
C．advantage D．action
解析：找到一个愿意为你做任何事情的人是不容易的，因此这样的事情是需要一个人付出很多精力的。故选A。
13．A．forget B．explain
C．accept D．wonder
解析：你的生活不会改变，除非你愿意掌控自己的生活并接受一个事实：其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活。故选C。
14．A．staring at B．looking for
C．attending to D．caring about
解析：由文章最后一句可知，要亲自动手立即完成自己的工作，这意味着“不要再找别人为自己做事情了”。故选B。stare at 盯着看；look for寻找；attend to致力于，照料；care about 关心，在乎。
15．A．However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Otherwise
解析：根据前面语境“So, stop __14__ anybody to do something for you.”可知别再找别人给自己做事了，而是自己动手做，立即完成自己的工作。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our world has seen 1．__an__ increasing number of students pressuring their parents into buying luxuries (奢侈品) just to look good before their peers. Problem is 2．__which__ is to blame, parents, students or society Now, some schools have taken action.
To avoid 3．__showing__(show) off superiority among wealthy students, Woodchurch High School in northwestern England has recently made an 4．__announcement__(announce) to refuse quality designer coats, including Canada Goose, often worth hundreds of dollars. Such coats make poor students feel bad since these items lead to inequality. “They feel left out and inadequate，” 5．__said__(say) The Independent in its last issue.
The ban has aroused nationwide debate. Some argue that we shouldn’t take away parents’ right to buy anything 6．__valuable__(value) they like for their kids. However, most parents applaud, believing it decreases their worries on lower incomes.
Just as Libby Purves, a UK reporter, put it, how you feel at school largely affects your whole life. Columnist Michelle Singletary wrote on The Washington Post that now comes the 7．__biggest__(big) chance so far to teach students 8．__to understand__(understand) clothing in fact measures nothing.
Not just this. In May St. Wilfrid’s Primary School banned students 9．__from__ using designer pencils in case poor students would feel 10．__looked__(look) down upon.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就某些学校进行的“避免奢侈品牌出现在校园”的措施展开了讨论。
解析：
1．考查冠词。句意：我们的世界已经见证了越来越多的学生给他们的父母施加压力，让他们购买奢侈品却只是为了在同龄人面前看起来更好。分析可知此空应与之后的number of 构成固定结构a number of，意为“大量；许多”，因 number 之前由increasing修饰，元音音素开头的单词之前用不定冠词an。 故填an。
2．考查表语从句。句意：问题是该怪谁，家长、学生还是社会？现在，一些学校已经采取了行动。分析句子结构可知，__2__ is to blame, parents, students or society在系动词之后，为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且之后已给出可选对象。故填which。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免在有钱的学生中炫耀自己的优越性，英格兰西北部的伍德彻奇高中最近宣布，拒绝购买名牌外套，包括通常价值数百美元的加拿大鹅牌外套。avoid＋v.-ing，意为“避免做某事”。故填showing。
4．考查名词。句意：为了避免在有钱的学生中炫耀自己的优越性，英格兰西北部的伍德彻奇高中最近宣布，拒绝购买名牌外套，包括通常价值数百美元的加拿大鹅牌外套。an＋可数名词单数，所填空应用名词形式。故填announcement。
5．考查时态。句意：《独立报》在上一期中说：“他们觉得自己被忽视了，能力不足。”分析后文last issue意为“上一期”，应用一般过去时态。故填said。
6．考查形容词。句意：一些人认为我们不应该剥夺父母为孩子买任何他们喜欢的有价值的东西的权利。分析可知，所填词应为空前复合不定代词anything的后置定语，应用形容词形式。故填valuable。
7．考查形容词最高级。句意：专栏作家Michelle Singletary在《华盛顿邮报》上写道，现在是迄今为止教学生理解服装并不能衡量什么的最大机会。分析可知短语结构为the＋ ＋名词单数，所填空应为形容词，根据之后有so far 作为提示，此空应用最高级。故填biggest。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析可知短语结构为teach sb. to do sth.，意为“教某人做某事”。故填to understand。
9．考查介词。句意：5月，圣威尔弗里德小学禁止学生使用名牌铅笔，以防贫困学生感到被人看不起。分析可知动词ban 意为“禁止”，可构成ban sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”，符合句意。故填from。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。feel为系动词，look与主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填looked。Unit 1 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I __presume__(假定) that you know what we’re talking about.
2．A round trip ticket saves you about 5 percent of the __fare__(车费)．
3．As the __chairwoman__(女主席)of the Students’ Union, I arrange the meetings of the school’s International Student Association on a regular basis.
4．The company wants to keep down __labour__(劳动力) costs.
5．The cake recipe calls for three eggs and two cups of __flour__(面粉)．
6．I would travel up and down the East Coast from city to city like a traveling __salesman__(推销员)．
7．It was an old-fashioned lift, operated by a __lever__(控制杆)on an iron box.
8．On the right hand side of the instrument __panel__(仪表盘)，there is a display that indicates boost pressure, water temperature and fuel level.
9．The athlete was within an __inch__(英寸) of breaking the record.
10．Shanghai grows at a very fast __pace__(步伐) and the business environment in the city is becoming even better.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is much better if payments can be figured out on a __weekly__(week) basis.
2．He __calculated__(calculate) his gains and losses of money and the result was a minus.
3．They __fetched__(fetch) water twice a week from the bottom of the hill where the well was.
4．That’s a hard truth—but it’s no excuse for __inaction__(inactive)．
5．There is not a sharp __division__(divide) between these two activities.
6．I was prevented from going to the concert by __urgent__(urge) business.
7．Worried about the unfinished homework, Mike got up and __paced__(pace) up and down the room.
8．His eyes darkened and the crowded flaring streets become __blurred__(blur) to his eyes.
9．There was a terrible __explosion__(explode) at the chemical plant.
10．Through that hot summer Martin and Leora __laboured__(labour)，painting.
Ⅲ.选词填空
by the way，beside the point，take over，be adapted into，remind... of，on the other hand，pros and cons，superior to
1．Was it in 1948 that the government __took over__ the railways in Great Britain
2．They sat for hours debating the __pros and cons__ of setting up their own firm.
3．It cannot be questioned that the new method is __superior to__ the old one.
4．The novel __was adapted into__ a TV series and became a national hot topic for quite some time.
5．__By the way__，how long have you been a cameraman
6．To build another skyscraper in the city is __beside the point__.
7．She simply welcomed him and __reminded__ him __of__ the last time they had met.
8．On the one hand，we should develop our economy；__on the other hand__，we should protect the environment.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Kyle Schwartz, a third-grade teacher from Denver, Colorado, unlocked the secret stories of her students’ lives.92% of the pupils at Doull Elementary School rely on a subsidized(补助的)lunch program, just one sign of the hardships they face.But Schwartz discovered that no money for lunch was the least of these children’s problems: many struggled with the lack of a parent at home, bullying (欺凌)，and stress about their marks.
Schwartz asked her students to answer the question, “What do you wish your teacher knew？” and to submit their notes anonymously.What they wrote will surprise you.
While some children used the notes to jokingly complain about homework or to ask for more playtime, Ms Schwartz said some of the answers were “heartbreaking”， as children showed their hard lives.One student told Ms Schwartz that he did not have pencils at home to do his homework, and another said that he hadn’t seen his father for six years.There was also a student who wrote，“I wish my teacher knew sometimes my homework is not signed because my mom is not around a lot.”
She shared some of them via Twitter using the hashtag “I Wish My Teacher Knew”．She received an immediate response and other teachers and schools started using the hashtag to share their own teaching experiences.As a result, the tag trended nationally in the United States.
The story was picked up by national newspapers and even international sources such as The Sydney Morning Herald.Doull Elementary received numerous donations of school supplies for its students due to answers such as “I wish my teacher knew I don’t have pencils to do my homework.” The story was featured nationally on ABC World News Tonight，which reported that Schwartz had started a “movement” with teachers across the country copying her assignment to learn more about their own students.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Kyle Schwartz让学生写下希望老师知道的事情，学生写的东西令她吃惊。Schwartz把学生写的发到推特上，引起了美国很多人的关注。
1．What can we know from Paragraph 1？__A__
A．Most students at Doull Elementary School live a hard life.
B．Most students at Doull Elementary School study hard.
C．Kyle Schwartz is curious about others’ privacy.
D．Kyle Schwartz struggles on a daily basis.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，92%的孩子依靠午餐补助项目，大多数学生过着艰苦的生活。故选A。
2．We can infer from the passage __C__.
A．some students thought Kyle Schwartz was strict
B．most children live with their parents
C．the children handed in their notes without their names on them
D．some children are to drop out because of poverty
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“submit their notes anonymously”可知，孩子交他们的纸条时是匿名交的。故选C。
3．How did other teachers react to Kyle’s idea？__D__
A．Worried. B．Indifferent.
C．Doubted. D．Positive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“other teachers and schools started using the hashtag to share their own teaching experiences”可知，其他老师支持她的做法。故选D。
4．What influence did the story have __A__
A．Not only Americans but also people from other countries are concerned about it.
B．People around the world have donated money for the school.
C．The school has become the best one in the country.
D．Some students have been interviewed by some famous hosts.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，不仅国内媒体而且国际媒体都在关注这件事，并且学校收到了很多给孩子们的捐赠品。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining 1．__so__ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 2．__to get__(get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3．__of__ dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters 4．__who__ had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5．__recommended__(recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6．__competition__(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many 7．__traditional__(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8．__hugely__(huge) popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay，we 9．__were invited__(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，10．__listening__(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次旅行经历。
解析：
1．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。故填so。
2．考查非谓语动词。此处是It takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“做某事花费多长时间”。故填to get。
3．考查介词。a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。故填of。
4．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语。故填关系代词who。
5．考查时态。此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。此与shared为并列谓语。故填recommended。
6．考查名词。根据空格前的an interesting可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。
7．考查形容词。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
8．考查副词。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受……欢迎。
9．考查时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were invited。
10．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。故填listening。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When she looked around her house, Betty Margaret saw lots of electronics.Along with the usual things like her laptop and smart phone, there were all of her kids’ electronic devices: cell phones, video game devices and more! There seemed to be more than enough ways for her and her three children to be online all day, every day.
Ms Margaret worried that her kids were becoming too dependent on the Internet and electronics.Then she began to reread one of her favorite books, Henry Thoreau’s Walden, which gave Ms Margaret an idea.Thoreau spent 2 years in a simple cabin without running water, and having to grow his own food.Maybe she and her family could live without such luxuries as computers and electronic devices for a while.
Ms Margaret talked with her kids and explained that she wanted the family to try living for 6 months without the Internet, cell phones, TV, and video games.Ms Margaret writes articles for a newspaper in Australia, and had written several books as well.She told her children that if they agreed, she would write a book about their experience and they could go on a trip abroad with the money from sales of the book.Her three children agreed, and “the experiment”， as Ms Margaret called, began.
Over the course of the experiment, the Margaret’s children had different reactions to life without electronics.Before the experiment began, Anni, the eldest of the children, read books more than her younger brother and sister.She therefore had a relatively easy adjustment to the family’s new lifestyle.Anni could also use the library’s computer for her homework.Bill, who loved to play video games before the experiment began, had to find a way to spend all of his new free time.He started to spend more time practicing his saxophone (萨克斯管)．Susan, the youngest child in the family, had the hardest time adjusting to life without electronics.She felt restless for the first weeks and later, influenced by her elder sister, gradually began to find interest in the novel experiences brought by various books.
Paragraph 1：
The family carried on with the experiment for the 6 months without technology controlling their lives.
Paragraph 2：
Ms Margaret wrote the book she had planned.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
The family carried on with the experiment for the 6 months without technology controlling their lives. Ms Margaret believes they all came out better for the experience.The children had a lot more interaction with each other and with their mother.Now that they could not text others, they had to actually see each other and talk.Meanwhile, the family played board games together, cooked meals together and read the newspaper together.Bill ended up developing a serious interest in music, and in Susan’s case, she improved her grades in school.
Paragraph 2：
Ms Margaret wrote the book she had planned. The book became an immediate hit and aroused great interest among many parents.In her book and in interviews about the book, Ms Margaret describes the pleasant changes that happened in her family and the progress her children have made.She encourages families to set aside special “screen-free days” where families unplug themselves and spend time together, which is exactly what her family have agreed to do after returning from an enjoyable family trip abroad.Unit 1 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This novel is not science __fiction__(小说), nor is it Gothic horror.
2．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash __bonus__(红利)．
3．Let us __suspend__(暂停) judgement until we know all the facts.
4．The deal seems so attractive that it would be __ridiculous__ (荒谬的) to say no.
5．The ancient pagoda is still there, but not in its __integrity__(完整)．
6．He forecasts that average __salary__(工资) increases will remain around 4 percent.
7．He hammered the __nail__(钉子) into the branch.
8．The __saleswoman__ (女售货员) set aside the coat for the fat lady.
9．The lawyer claims that the accused was not __guilty__(有罪的)．
10．Please __dismiss__(消除) all doubts about it.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I hate to rush you but I have another__appointment__ (appoint)later on.
解析：句意：我真不想催你，但我稍后还有一个约会。appointment n．预约，约会。故填appointment。
2．We’ve all been __guilty__ (guilt)of selfishness at some time in our lives.
解析：句意：我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失。guilty of sth.犯了罪的；有过失的。故填guilty。
3．The story had soon got about that he had been __suspended__(suspend)．
解析：句意：他被停职的消息迅速传开了。suspended 表示“被停职”，过去分词表被动和完成。故填suspended。
4．She tried __to dismiss__(dismiss) him from her mind.
解析：句意：她试图把他忘掉。try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”。故填to dismiss。
5．But for the most part, I’m becoming more __like__ my Chinese friends.
解析：句意：不过总体来说，我变得越来越像我的中国朋友了。more like 意为“更像”。故填like。
6．Do you test __out__ the goods in the shelf
解析：句意：你已经验过了架子上的货物吗？test out意为“检验”。故填out。
7．His conduct is the best comment on his __declaration__
(declare).
解析：句意：他的行为是他的宣言的最好说明。形容词性的物主代词his后要用名词。故填declaration n．宣言。
Ⅲ.选词填空
test out，experiment with, on a business trip, more like, look after, or rather, go downtown, in time, come up with, make an appointment with
1．She behaves towards me __more like__ a friend than a mother.
2．I am going __on a business trip__ with my boss tomorrow.
3．The university students will __test out__ the computer program for any bugs.
4．We should advertise for someone to __look after__ the garden.
5．Scientists __experimented with__ military rockets in the early research, which prepared the ground for space travel.
6．Americans, __or rather__ Afro-Americans are good at jazz music.
7．It is necessary for you to __make an appointment with__ the doctor before you go to see him.
8．Based on this plan, the municipal government has __come up with__ 78 detailed tasks, of which 45 have been completed so far.
9．He braked his car just __in time__ to avoid an accident.
10．I will need to __go downtown__ to the Bank this afternoon.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isn’t a problem for robots.
This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the “tipping point”—noted The Independent Science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson—for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs.
In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named “Little Peanut” to deliver food to people under quarantine(隔离期). In Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus.Ultraviolet-light-disinfection(紫外线消毒) robots are also being widely used to clean hospital corridors and wards.
“Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection，” Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmark’s UVD Robots, a leading company manufacturing disinfection robots, told Forbes.“We can’t build these robots fast enough.”
In non-medical companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they don’t have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave.Walmart and Amazon, for example, where robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities. Fast-food chains like McDonald’s are not only delivering food with robots in some areas, but also looking to use them as cooks and servers.
According to futurist Martin Ford, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies—even when the pandemic is over. “People will prefer to go to a place that has fewer workers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk，”Ford told the BBC．
But this sudden surge (激增) in robot demand doesn’t mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tasks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses.
It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.
文章大意：本文是一篇健康环保阅读文章。文章主要介绍了COVID-19疫情引发了机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。
1．What is the text mainly about？__C__
A．The advantages of robots compared to humans.
B．Different views toward applying robots to fight against COVID-19．
C．Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand.
D．The important role humans play in certain areas.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“这正是为什么新冠疫情暴发被看作是机器人在某些特定的工作中开始代替人类的转折点的原因”及下文接着讲机器人是如何代替人类做一些特定工作的可以推断出，新冠疫情的暴发，实际上促进了机器人的使用、发展和壮大。故选C。
2．What has made robots desirable during the pandemic according to the text？__D__
A．They can be repaired when damaged.
B．They test people for coronavirus more precisely.
C．They never get tired and can replace doctors and nurses.
D．They are not vulnerable to the coronavirus.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.”可知，机器人不会生病，它们不受新冠病毒的伤害，所以受到人们的欢迎。故选D。
3．What does Martin Ford think of the application of robots __A__
A．Its benefits are appealing and lasting.
B．Machines are less disturbing than humans.
C．It poses a threat to human employment.
D．There are some risks with the use of robots.
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第一句未来主义者马丁·福特的观点可知，使用更多的机器人而不是更多的劳动力能够证明这对公司是有回报的。哪怕是在疫情结束以后。故选A。
4．What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs？__B__
A．The demand for robots is too great to meet.
B．Human interaction is essential in some areas.
C．Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots.
D．Robots need updating to improve contact with humans.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知机器人虽然可以替代人类做一些事情，但仅限于做一些机械的工作，比如日常事务等。而在人类情感交流方面，机器人却达不到要求。这说明人与人之间最重要的超越机器人的品质就是能够互动。因此文章最后一段提到也许机器人在某些特定的品质上优于人类，但它们在人类互动上仍然略逊一筹。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is not difficult to prepare for exams.
You should review your notes regularly.Every one of you has formed the habit of taking notes.However, that’s not enough.Make sure to review and expand upon your class notes regularly throughout the term. 1．__G__
Don’t cram(突击备考)at the last second.Evidence shows that students experience declining returns on their efforts when they attempt to study for four and five hours straight.So you shouldn’t be reviewing the night before the exam because you will wake up tired.2．__E__ Obviously, it’s not worth the cost.
You should also complete a mock(模拟)test.If you complete it 3－4 days before an exam, you’ll then know where to focus your studying. 3．__A__ For your every subject, try answering a couple of potential questions on a timed, closed book basis and see how you do.Another simple way to conduct a mock test is to ask a friend or a classmate to give you an oral quiz based on contents in the textbooks or in your notes.
4．__D__ A group study session is a fantastic model to review and compare notes, ask each other questions, explain ideas to one another, and discuss the difficult concepts.To focus on the topic, do set an agenda and a specific time frame for your group study session.
5．__B__ The best food for the brain is sleep, so you’ll need enough sleep during exam times.Try and get good quality sleep.Don’t sleep with your books all over your bed or with lights, music or the computer on.
A．How can you finish this step
B．Make sure to get plenty of sleep.
C．Make your room comfortable while sleeping.
D．Find a group of classmates with whom to study.
E．If so, you will not be able to focus during the exam.
F．Organize a study group before exams to discuss your notes.
G．Making good use of your notes will leave you well-prepared at exam time.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了备考的几种有效方法。
解析：
1．根据上文“Make sure to review and expand upon your class notes regularly throughout the term.”可知，G项(好好利用你的笔记会让你充分应对你的考试)切题。故选G。
2．根据上文“So you shouldn’t be reviewing the night before the exam because you will wake up tired.”与本空后面“Obviously, it’s not worth the cost.”判断，E项(如果是这样，你将无法在考试期间集中注意力)切题。故选E。
3．根据上文“You should also complete a mock(模拟)test.”与本空后面“For your every subject, try answering a couple of potential questions on a timed... in your notes.”判断，A项(怎样才能完成这一步呢？)切题。故选A。
4．根据下文“A group study session is a fantastic model to review and compare notes, ask each other questions, explain ideas to one another, and discuss the difficult concepts.”判断D项(找一群同学一起学习)切题。故选D。
5．根据下文“The best food for the brain is sleep, so you’ll need enough sleep during exam times.Try and get good quality sleep.”可知，本段主要在谈考试期间要有充足的睡眠。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An “entrepreneurial(具有创业素质的)” seven-year-old wrote to Google for a job and its CEO replied.After discussing her father’s work，Chloe Bridgewater1．__decided__(decide)she would like to work for Google and penned a letter beginning with “Dear Google boss”.2．__Following__(follow)her first letter to Father Christmas，it was only the schoolgirl’s second letter，but 3．__the__ search engine’s CEO Sundar Pichai wrote back.
“We were 4．__extremely__(extreme)surprised，but I don’t think Chloe could understand the greatness of the 5．__reaction__(react) she’d got afterwards，” said Father Andy.“She’s got a great entrepreneurial spirit.Ever since nursery education，she
6．__has been told/has been being told__(tell)in school reports at all times that she is bright，hard-working and polite—we’re very proud of her.”
Here is 7．__what__ Mr. Pichai referred to in his reply.
Thank you so much for your letter.I’m glad that you like computers and robots，and I hope that you will manage 8．__to continue__(continue)learning about technology.
I think if you keep working hard and following your dreams，you can accomplish everything you set your mind 9．__to/on__—from working at Google to swimming at the Olympics.
“I look forward to receiving your job application when you are 10．__finished__(finish)with school! All the best to you and your family.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。一个具有创业素质的七岁女孩向谷歌公司递交了求职信，并收到了谷歌首席执行官的回复。
解析：
1．考查时态。根据语境及本段的基本时态可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填decided。
2．考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词在句中作状语，follow与其逻辑主语it之间是主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式following。
3．考查冠词。这只是这位女学生继第一封写给圣诞老人的信之后写出的第二封信，但(这次)Google这一搜索引擎的CEO Sundar Pichai给她回信了。此处search engine指的是Google，表示特指，故要用定冠词the。
4．考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词。故填extremely“非常，极其”。
5．考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填名词。reaction“回应，反应”。
6．考查时态和语态。根据语境及时间状语“Ever since nursery education”可知此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；she和tell之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填has been told/has been being told。
7．考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作介词的宾语。故填what。
8．考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”为固定用法。故填to continue。
9．考查介词。如果你继续努力并追随你的梦想的话，你可以完成你下定决心做的所有事情。set one’s mind to/on sth.是固定搭配，意为“集中精力做某事，下决心做某事”。故填to/on。
10．考查形容词。当你完成学业时，我期望收到你的求职申请。be finished with为固定搭配，意为“完成”；finished在此处为形容词，意为“完成的”。故填finished。
