Unit 3 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Although _ordered_(order) to stop, the driver kept on driving as fast as he could.
2．He succeeded in solving all the problems as_expected_(expect)．
3．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not _to_make_(make) it more difficult.
4．He had a wonderful childhood when _travelling_(travel)with his mother to all corners of the world.
5．When _offered_(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy got a chance to become famous.
6．Though _tired_(tire)，they went on working in order to finish the task on time.
7．Some diseases are not at all dangerous if _treated_(treat)in time.
8．The museum looked splendid when first _built_(build)．
9．While _enjoying_(enjoy) being close to nature, we began to help pick peaches covering every tree.
10．What I want to do is _have_(have) a good rest.
11．When _offered_(offer) help，one should say “Thank you.”or “It's kind of you.”
12．It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If _so_,_we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
13．Video games can be a poor influence if _left_(leave)in the wrong hands.
14．Anyone, once _tested_(test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
15．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not_to_.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Look out for cars_when_crossing_the_road_.
过马路时要小心汽车。
2．They attended the meeting on time_as_planned_.
正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。
3．He came back three days later_than_expected_.
他比预料的晚回来三天。
4．—Will it clear up tomorrow
——明天天会放晴吗？
—I_hope_so_.
——我希望会。
5．Do you communicate honestly with your friends？_If_not_，what do you hide from them
你是诚实地和朋友交流吗？如果不是，那你隐瞒了什么？
6．Ordinary soap，_used_correctly_,_can deal with bacteria effectively.
普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。
7．_Once_printed_，this dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销。
8．You can't imagine what difficulty we had_walking_home_in the snowstorm.
你无法想象我们在暴风雪中步行回家费了多大的劲。
9．One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_the_other_white_.
这块木板应该一面漆成黄色，另一面漆成白色。
10．_Unless_invited_to_speak_，you should remain silent at the conference.
除非邀请你发言，否则你应该在这次会议上保持沉默。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Living in a foreign culture can be exciting, but it can also be confusing (令人迷惑的)．A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences.They found that miscommunication was always possible, even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”．
On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific, Lisa thought people weren't paying any attention to her.The day was hot.She went into a store and asked, “Do you have cold drinks？” The woman there didn't say anything.Lisa repeated the question.Still the woman said nothing.She later learned that the woman had answered her: She had raised her eyebrows (眉毛), which in Micronesia means “yes”．
Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe.She went to a restaurant that was famous for its cabbage.She asked the waiter, “Do you have cabbage today？” He nodded his head.Jan waited, but the cabbage never came.In that country, a nod means “no”．
Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India.After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood.They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head.He thought some people had not understood, so he explained again.When he asked again, they did the same thing.He soon found out that his students did understand.In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from.You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or “no”．
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍不同文化下的人们表达“是”或“不是”的方式也不同。
1．The Americans teaching English in other countries found that they _A_.
A．had problems with communication
B．needed to learn foreign languages
C．should often discuss their experiences
D．should go abroad for vacations
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They found that miscommunication was always possible, even over something as simple as ‘yes’and‘no’．”可知，在外国教英语的美国人发现像“是”和“不是”这样简单的沟通失误时有发生，也就是他们发现沟通有问题。故选A。
2．People in Micronesia show “yes” by _B_.
A．nodding heads B．raising eyebrows
C．shaking heads D．saying “no”
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She had raised her eyebrows(眉毛), which in Micronesia means‘yes’．”可知，密克罗尼西亚人用抬眉毛表示“是”。故选B。
3．Tom misunderstood his class at first because _D_.
A．he didn't know where the students came from
B．he didn't explain everything clearly enough
C．some students didn't understand his questions
D．he did not know much about Indian culture
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from.You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean‘yes’or‘no’．”可知，在印度，人们以不同的方式点头和摇头，这取决于他们来自哪里，你必须知道一个人来自哪里，才能知道他们的意思是“是”还是“不是”，Tom最初误解了学生们的意思就是因为他不了解这方面的印度文化。故选D。
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage？_A_
A．In Bulgaria, nodding heads means “no”．
B．Jan taught English on a Pacific island.
C．Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage.
D．In India，only shaking heads means “yes”．
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In that country, a nod means‘no’．”可知，在保加利亚，点头意味着“不是”。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.In our _1.C_ we can see what has not yet happened.For example, while we are looking forward to _2.A_ a new place or country, we imagine what it will be like.We predict the _3.D_ people will eat, dress and act.Of course, we do not always predict things _4.C_.Things are often very different from the way we expected them to be.
One of the _5.C_ dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been _6.B_ to work out a very difficult problem in physics.He had _7.A_ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days, but there _8.C_ to be no way of finding out the answer.Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.When he woke up, he realized that he knew the answer.He had solved the problem in his _9.A_.
It is said that in order to figure out the process, the hypnotist (催眠师) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke _10.A_：“I want you to concentrate on my voice.Think about _11.C_.You know nothing but my voice.And as you pay attention to my voice, your _12.A_ will get heavier.Soon you'll be asleep.
You will hear my voice and _13.D_ my words, but your body will be asleep, your eyes are too heavy.You are almost asleep, and when you wake up you will _14.B_ nothing.
You will forget everything.Now I am going to _15.A_ slowly from one to five.One, two, three, four, five...”
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述德国科学家Kekule的故事，说明了人类大脑的神奇能力。
1．A.brains B．senses
C．minds D．sights
解析：考查名词辨析。根据文章首句可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空处指“思维”。故选C。
2．A.visiting B．seeking
C．reaching D．discovering
解析：考查动词辨析。根据该句中的“a new place or country”可以判断，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象那里会是什么样子。故选A。
3．A.custom B．habit
C．style D．way
解析：考查名词辨析。根据第一段最后一句中的“the way”，并结合该句语境可知，我们总会预测(这个地方的)人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。way意为“方式”，符合语境。故选D。
4．A.quickly B．simply
C．correctly D．neatly
解析：考查副词辨析。根据空处后一句“Things are often very different from the way we expected them to be.”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预测事物。故选C。
5．A.funny B．dull
C．famous D．silly
解析：考查形容词辨析。根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的梦之一是德国科学家Kekule的梦。famous意为“著名的”，符合语境。故选C。
6．A.managing B．trying
C．thinking D．hoping
解析：考查动词辨析。根据该句中的“Kekule, who had been _6_ to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，Kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题；try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境。故选B。
7．A.studied B．learned
C．discussed D．searched
解析：考查动词辨析。根据该句中的“He had _7_ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。故选A。
8．A.used B．ought
C．seemed D．had
解析：考查上下文语境。根据该句中的“but there _8_ to be no way of finding out the answer”可知，似乎没有办法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，好像”符合语境。故选C。
9．A.dream B．lesson
C．research D．exercise
解析：考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed.When he woke up, he realized that he knew the answer.”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。故选A。
10．A.softly B．loudly
C．slowly D．firmly
解析：考查副词辨析。根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是将Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是轻声地(softly)说着话。故选A。
11．A.everything B．something
C．nothing D．anything
解析：考查不定代词辨析。根据空前一句“I want you to concentrate on my voice.”及下文中的“You know nothing but my voice.”可知，空处应指什么都不要想。故选C。
12．A.eyes B．feet
C．head D．body
解析：考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重。故选A。
13．A.believe B．repeat
C．take D．understand
解析：考查动词辨析。根据该句中的“You will hear my voice and _13_ my words”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”，符合语境。故选D。
14．A.accept B．remember
C．hear D．receive
解析：考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“You will forget everything.”可知，空处指你将什么都不记得。故选B。
15．A.count B．say
C．add D．speak
解析：考查动词辨析。根据“Now I am going to _15_slowly from one to five.One, two, three, four, five...”可知，此处表示数数；A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever anyone asks me where my favorite place in China is, I say Dali without hesitation.Dali, _1.surrounded_ (surround) by mountains for hiking and lakes for bicycling around, is the kind of place that everyone likes.
Last year I met a couple of young students I'd known _2.before_ I travelled to Dali, and we agreed _3.to_cycle_ (cycle) along the lake in a small town outside of Dali.The lake _4.itself_ (it) was pretty easy to cycle around, _5.with_ flat paths passing through a lot of little villages.While cycling, a woman recommended an hour-long boat ride for about 40 RMB each—a bit expensive but _6.an_ adventure we felt like having, so we paid for it.
In about 20 minutes we witnessed in _7.excitement_ (excite) how a fisherman fished with his fishing birds.A string was tied around each bird's neck so that when it dived for fish, it was unable to swallow them.The birds _8.were_given_ (give) a fish as payment for their service after the fisherman had a satisfactory catch.I'd _9.previously_ (previous) read about this fishing method, but it was pretty exciting to see first-hand.
The day finished with a brilliant sunset, _10.which_ I climbed onto a roof to get a photo of.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者自己和几个朋友一起骑行欣赏大理美景的经历。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的谓语，故surround应是非谓语，又因为Dali和surround是动宾关系。故填surrounded。
2．考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：去年，我遇到了几个年轻的学生，他们是我去大理之前认识的。故填before。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们同意骑车沿着大理城外一个小镇的湖边走。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”。故填to cycle。
4．考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作the lake的同位语。故填itself。
5．考查with复合结构。分析句子结构可知，_5_flat paths passing符合with＋n.＋doing结构，再结合语意。故填with。
6．考查冠词。句意：在骑车的时候，一位女士推荐了一小时的船游，每人40元左右——虽然有点贵，但我们很喜欢冒险，所以我们付了钱。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再结合句意可知，adventure在此处表示泛指，又是元音音素开头。故填an。
7．考查名词。分析句子结构可知，in后填名词。故填excitement。
8．考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，又因为the birds是give的受动者。故填were given。
9．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰read，作状语。故填previously。
10．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，a brilliant sunset是先行词，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作of的宾语。故填which。(共39张PPT)
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
单元语法精析
语法点拨
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、词法上的省略
1．介词的省略
①一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
省略(Ellipsis)
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
spend some time (in) doing sth.
stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.
他花了4个小时复习功课。
②表示一段时间或方式的短语中的for，in，by，at等常常省略；但是在否定句或引导介词短语位于句首强调持续时间时，for一般不可省略。
The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks.
雪持续下了两个星期。
He doesn't do it (in) the way I do.
他没有照我的方式去做。
She didn't say anything for several hours.
她几个小时一句话也没说。
2．替代性省略
在某些情况下，当我们省略掉某个词、词组或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。
①省略的动词或动词加其他成分可以用do来代替。
He speaks English more fluently than you do.
他说英语比你说得流利。
②在believe，expect，suppose，think和it appears/seems之后，表示同意前面说过的话时可以用so代替单词(形容词、副词)、词组或句子；表示对前面说过的话加以否定时，可以用not或not...so。
—Can you finish your work today
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so./I don't think so./I think not.
——我认为能。/我认为不能。
③“So/Nor (Neither)＋谓语/助动词＋主语”这一句型用来替代前面提到的情况，表明它也适用于后者。
—I don't think I can walk any further.
——我认为我不能再行走了。
—Neither can I．Let's stop here for a rest.
——我也不行了。我们在这儿停下来休息一会吧。
④省略掉的名词词组、形容词词组、从句或比较结构可用the same来代替。
—I lost my bike last month.
——我上个月把自行车弄丢了。
—The same happened to me.
——我也丢了一辆自行车。
hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。
—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
——男孩子们工作做得一点也不好，是吗？
—I guess not.
——我猜是没做好。
3．动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
①一些表示心理活动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would like，be ready，be afraid，be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。
—Will you go with me
——你愿意和我一起去吗？
—Well，I'd like to (go with you)．
——嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。
②不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。
You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to (finish the job on time)．
如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。
如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。
—Are you a lawyer
——你是律师吗？
—No，but I hope to be (a lawyer)．
——不是，但是我希望是。
—Have you been to the West Lake
——你去过西湖吗？
—I hope to have (been to the West Lake)．
——我希望去过(西湖)。
(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况
①动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，look at，hear，listen to，observe和使役动词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。
We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
②两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。
She'd like to take off her coat and have a break.
她想脱下外套休息一会儿。
It's more difficult to do than to say.
做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
③在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。
Why get so excited
为什么变得那么激动？
but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭什么也做不了。
He has no choice but to leave.
他别无选择只有离开。
单句语法填空
①They have seen her ______(grow) up from childhood.
②The teacher came not to punish you but _________(help) you.
③She was made _________(work) for ten hours a day.
④I have no choice except ___________(accept) his conditions.
grow
to help
to work
to accept
二、句法上的省略
1．简单句及并列句中的省略
省略成分 情况说明
主语 在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略
谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略
宾语 省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语
双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个
主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分 在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略
(I)Beg your pardon.
请您原谅。/请再说一遍。
Some of us study Japanese; others (study) English.
我们中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。
—Do you know Mr. Li
——你认识李先生吗？
—I don't know(him)．
——不认识。
She washed(the shirt), ironed(the shirt), and folded the shirt.
她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。
Sorry，(you've dialed the) wrong number.
对不起，你拨错号了。
2．复合句中的省略
(1)主句中的省略
常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。
—Why didn't you come to class yesterday
——你昨天为什么没来上课？
—(I didn't come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
——因为我病了。
(2)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。
(3)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：
①在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
②在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though (they were) tired，they went on working.
虽然累了，但他们继续工作。
③在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you are) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
He did as (he was) told.
他按要求去做了。
在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。
Were I you (＝If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson.
如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
(4)定语从句中的省略
①一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom以及作表语的that可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.
你昨天见到的那个人生病了。
The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.
那个人生病了，你昨天见到他了。
②当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。
The way (in which/that) these comrades treat problems is wrong.
这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
在横线上写出被省略的部分
①I believe ______ she will help you and that you will succeed.
②I'll give you all ______ I have as long as you are happy.
③Whenever _______ possible, he will come to my help.
that
that
it is
语法专练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If ________(heat)，water will boil.
2．Tom was attacked by cramp while __________(swim) across the river.
3．We'll go to help if __________(possibility)．
4．_____(have) I time，I would come.
5．Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don't take medicine as __________(direct)．
heated
swimming
possible
Had
directed
6．—Do you follow me
—Yes，___________(perfect)．
7．—Are you a teacher
—No，but I _____(be)．I worked in a middle school for three years.
8．—How many swimming clubs will there be in our town by 2025
—There will be only a few，if _____(some)．
9．Don't tell me the name of the sailor if you don't want ____.
10．The only thing you have to do is _______(press)the button.
perfectly
was
any
to
press
Ⅱ.用省略句式完成句子
1．They didn't like it，yet_____________________.
他们并不喜欢它，可是什么也没说。
2．We are delighted_____________________.
你能来我们很高兴。
3．____________________some more pie
有谁想再吃点馅饼吗？
4．I hope to finish my job and___________________.
我希望做完工作回家。
(they) said nothing
(that) you can come
(Does) Anyone want
(to) go back home
5．There is nothing to do but______________________.
除了服从命令之外，别无他法。
6．__________________it will rain.
看起来像要下雨。
7．The river was deep and____________________.
河很深，冰很薄。
8．I asked him to see the film, but he didn't ____________________.
我请他去看电影，但他不想去。
(to) obey the orders
(It) Looks as if
the ice (was) thin
want to (see the film)
9．______________________you should speak English as much as you can.
在任何可能的时间，你都应多讲英语。
10．James enjoys the theatre more than______________.
詹姆斯比苏珊更喜欢戏剧。
Whenever (it is) possible
Susan (does)
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
妈妈在厨房准备晚餐，并跟儿子汤姆交谈。请用省略句写出以下内容：
1．妈妈正在厨房，她一面做饭一面谈着。(时间状语从句的省略)
2．她告诉Tom过街时注意车辆。(祈使句中主语的省略)
3．如果必要的话，她还让Tom等一会。(if省略句)
4．然而，Tom并没有回应。她匆匆离开了房间，好像生气了。(as if从句省略)
5．看到这一幕，Tom感到愧疚、害怕，因此他跑上前去跟妈妈道歉。(简单句中谓语的省略)
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Mom was in the kitchen.She talked while preparing their supper.She said to Tom, “Look out for cars when crossing the street.” If necessary, she let Tom wait for a while.However, Tom didn't respond.She hurriedly left the room as if angry.Seeing this, Tom felt sorry and frightened, so he ran to Mom apologizing to her.
夯基提能作业Unit 3 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This music would sound more _ethnic_(民族的)if you played it in steel drums.
2．The engineer drew a _diagram_(图表) of the bridge.
3．_Afterward(s)_(后来) she was sorry for what she'd said.
4．_Immigrant_(移民) tales have always been popular themes in fiction.
5．Which place in the world would you _select_(挑选) as your perfect home
6．He kept a _journal_(日记)during his visit to Japan.
7．They _claimed_(声称) to have discovered a cure for the disease.
8．There is a need for greater _diversity_(diverse)and choice in education.
9．There was no _escaping_(escape) the fact：it was all his fault.
10．The team will _definitely_(definite) lose if he doesn't play.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The whole world seemed to be sleeping，apart _from_Barbara.
2．The man has been used to _being_praised_(praise) by his clerks in public.
3．I often think about those less _fortunate_(fortune) than me.
4．They narrowly escaped _being_killed_(kill) in the fire.
5．Does it occur _to_you that he can complete this piece of work so quickly
6．So far nobody _has_claimed_(claim) the wallet discovered in the classroom.
7．In her diary, Jane has set down some important historic _events_ (event) as well as a series of facts.
8．To their relief, their students narrowly escaped _from_ the shaking building.
9．He was drunk and brought _up_ what he had eaten at midnight.
10．The book，_which_ he lost yesterday，has been found.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．In early youth he went to _seek_his_fortune_in a foreign country.
2．They decided to _open_up_an office in the town.
3．She and her child _headed_to_Beijing where her family lived last Friday.
4．More than 600,000 people nowadays_earn_a_living_by selling on Amazon and eBay.
5．The band arranged _a_series_of_concerts，making it more and more popular.
6．The company provides cheap Internet access._In_addition_，it makes shareware freely available.
7．Naomi _used_to_go to church in London every Sunday.
8．I said it was Tuesday，but _in_fact_it was Monday.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．These animals could be likely to be frightened when there is a sudden loud noise.
→_It_is_likely_that_these animals could be frightened when there is a sudden loud noise.
2．To use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes is necessary for us.
→_It's_necessary_for_us_to_use_a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.
3．It rained heavily in the south and caused serious flooding in several provinces.
→It rained heavily in the south，_causing/which_caused_serious flooding in several provinces.
4．The boy who stands under the tree can speak English fluently.
→The boy _standing_under the tree can speak English fluently.
5．These stories have happy endings.My grandparents like these stories.
→My grandparents like these_stories_that_have_happy endings.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
More than 10 million Chinese cultural relics have been lost overseas, most of which were stolen and illegally shipped out of China during the times of war before 1949.About 1.67 million pieces are housed in more than 200 museums in 47 countries, which accounts for 10 percent of all lost Chinese cultural relics, and the rest are in the hands of private collectors.
Most of these treasures are owned by museums or private collectors in the United States, Europe, Japan and Southeast Asian countries.There are more than 23,000 pieces in the British Museum, most of which were stolen or bought for pennies more than 100 years ago.
The major method to recover these national treasures was to buy them back.In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government.Also the government can turn to official channels (渠道) to demand the return of relics.
In 2003, a priceless bronze pig's head dating from the Qing Dynasty was returned to its home in Beijing after it was removed by the Anglo French Allied Army over 140 years ago.Macao entrepreneur (企业家) Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.
Although buying back is the most feasible way to recover the lost treasures, limited funding is always a big headache.
In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas.It has started a national project on the recovery of the treasures and has set up a database (数据库) collecting relevant information.It has signed several international agreements with many countries on this matter, and is also looking for international cooperation to recover the relics by working closely with several international organizations.
文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了中国历史文物遗失海外及中国政府为收回丢失的文物所做的努力。
1．What is the passage mainly about？_B_
A．How to recover cultural relics.
B．The efforts to recover Chinese cultural relics.
C．Stanley Ho donated a bronze pig's head to Beijing.
D．Chinese cultural relics were stolen by the Anglo-French Allied Army.
解析：主旨大意题。由第三段“In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government.Also the government can turn to official channels(渠道) to demand the return of relics.”和第六段“In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas.”可知，在某些情况下，私人收藏家将这些文物捐赠给了政府。政府还可以通过官方渠道要求归还文物，近年来中国政府加大了努力，收回在海外丢失的珍贵文物以及下面的具体措施。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是为收回丢失的中国文物所做的努力。故选B。
2．Most of lost Chinese cultural relics _C_.
A．have been recovered by the Chinese government
B．were bought for little money by foreigners
C．are owned by private collectors
D．are housed in foreign museums
解析：细节理解题。由第一段“About 1.67 million pieces are housed in more than 200 museums in 47 countries, which accounts for 10 percent of all lost Chinese cultural relics, and the rest are in the hands of private collectors.”可知，约1 670 000件文物被收藏在47个国家的200多家博物馆中，占中国丢失文物总数的10%，其余的都在私人收藏家手中。所以剩下的90%的文物在私人收藏家手中。因此大多数丢失的文物都在私人收藏家手中。故选C。
3．Which of the following statements about the bronze pig's head is NOT true？_C_
A．It was made in the Qing Dynasty.
B．It is now in the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.
C．It was donated by the French government to China.
D．It was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago.
解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段“Macao entrepreneur(企业家) Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.”可知，澳门企业家Stanley Ho花了600万元，从一位美国艺术品收藏家手中将其购回，然后将其捐赠给北京保利博物馆。所以关于青铜猪首，C选项“它是法国政府捐赠给中国的。”的陈述是不正确的。故选C。
4．The underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “_A_”．
A．possible B．difficult
C．popular D．careful
解析：词义猜测题。由第五段“Although buying-back is the most feasible way to recover the lost treasures, limited funding is always a big headache.”可知，虽然回购是收回丢失宝藏最可行的方法，但有限的资金总是一个令人头疼的问题。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第五段中带下划线的“feasible”可替换为possible“可能的”。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When writing the story of your life, don't let someone else hold the pen._1.G_Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way.You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others, nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours.What success means to each of us is totally different.Success to others may mean being a good parent.Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
_2.C_There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life, so it really doesn't matter which path you start off on.The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain, telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace (信奉) new ideas, lessons, and challenges.Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits, relationships, and situations, and finding something new that truly moves you._3.D_ You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it.Because when you come in contact with things that you don't know, that's when you're learning, growing, and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness.If you live honorably, no matter how old you get, you'll never lose your beauty._4.F_
Spend quality time with people you love._5.A_People don't live forever.Appreciate what you have, who loves you and who cares for you.You'll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you.Someday you will either regret not doing so, or you will say, “I'm glad I did.”
A．Lost time is never found again.
B．Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C．Change your path when you must, but keep moving forward.
D．There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E．For others, it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F．And remember, there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G．Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了读者在写自己人生故事的时候的一些想法。
解析：
1．由“When writing the story of your life, don't let someone else hold the pen._1_Here are some ideas for writing a life story”可知，写自己人生篇章的时候，不要把笔交给别人。以下是写人生篇章的一些想法。所以小题1起到承上启下的作用。故G选项“每天都要做出明智的选择，因为你每天的生活方式就是你人生篇章中的一句话。”符合题意。故选G。
2．由“There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life, so it really doesn't matter which path you start off on.The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain, telling everyone that your life path is wrong.”可知，通往人生这座高山有很多路可以走，走哪条并不重要。唯一的错误是我们把时间浪费在山脚下徘徊，告诉其他人你选择的路是一条错误的路。所以本段主要在告诉读者当你必须改变自己所走的路时，你可以改变。但不能停留，要继续前行也就是小题2本段小标题所要说的内容。故C选项“当你必须改变自己所走的路时，你可以改变。但要继续前行。”符合句意。故选C。
3．由“Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits, relationships, and situations, and finding something new that truly moves you._3_You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it.”可知，有时候，成长意味着远离陈旧的习惯、人际关系和环境，去发现一些真正打动你的新东西。你应该非常清楚地看到未知的事物并去享受它的乐趣。所以小题3与前后句在一同说明小标题的内容。故D选项“没有什么比把生活看成一场冒险更奇妙的了。”符合句意。故选D。
4．由“If you live honorably, no matter how old you get, you'll never lose your beauty.”可知，如果你活得体面，无论你多大，你永远不会失去你的青春。所以小题 4要说明标题的中的“kindness”。故F选项“记住，没有什么比伸出手来帮助有需要的人的手更好的了。”符合句意。故选F。
5．由小标题“Spend quality time with people you love.”以及“People don't live forever.”可知，与你爱的人共度美好时光。人们不会永远活着。所以小题5要说明要珍惜时间与下一句一同来说明小标题的内容。故A选项“光阴一去不复返。”符合句意。故选A
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once a young man was passing by a street where he saw an old man sitting by the roadside _1.begging_(beg) for money.That old man was sitting there with _2.an_empty bowl in front of him, and a cardboard sign was put up beside the bowl.There was a sentence _3.written_(write) on the cardboard: “Blind—Please help！”
The young man felt very bad that no one planned _4.to_give_(give) him any money.So he went to the old man and took his cardboard in his hand.He then took a thick marker pen out of his pocket and rewrote the sign without hesitation and then left.The old man noticed that someone was writing something _5.different_(differ) on the board but didn't say anything.
Just in a few minutes, that empty bowl _6.was_filled_(fill) with money.The old man noticed that, stopped a stranger and asked him _7.what_was on that cardboard.The stranger replied, “It says, ‘It's a beautiful day.You can see it.I cannot.’” Our _8.choice_(choose) of words and language can create positive or negative effects _9.on_others.If we choose the right words, then we can _10.truly_(true) connect with people and change their views.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章告诉我们对词语和语言的选择会对他人产生积极或消极的影响。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。有一次，一个年轻人路过一条街，他看到一个老人坐在路边乞讨。分析句子可知， old man与beg在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填begging。
2．考查冠词。那位老人坐在那里，面前放着一个空碗，碗旁立着一个纸板牌子。 bowl为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且修饰bowl的empty首字母的发音为元音音素，所以用冠词an。故填an。
3．考查非谓语动词。板子上写着一句话：“(我是)盲人——请帮帮忙！”分析句子可知，sentence与write在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填written。
4．考查非谓语动词。年轻人感到很难过，因为没有人打算给他钱。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”为固定短语。故填to give。
5．考查形容词。老人注意到有人正在板子上写一些不同的东西，但什么也没说。形容词修饰不定代词，置于不定代词之后。故填different。
6．考查动词的时态。句意：仅仅几分钟之内，空碗里就装满了钱。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语为that empty bowl，此处谓语应为was filled。 be filled with“充满……”为固定短语。故填was filled。
7．考查连接代词。老人注意到了那个情况，便拦住一个陌生人，问他纸板上写的是什么。分析句子可知，asked后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少主语，所以用what作从句的主语。故填what。
8．考查名词。我们对词语和语言的选择会对他人产生积极或消极的影响。our为形容词性物主代词，后接名词。故填choice。
9．考查介词。句意见上一题。have/create effects on“对……有影响”为固定搭配。故填on。
10．考查副词。如果我们选择正确的词语，那么我们就可以真正地与人们联系并改变他们的看法。truly为副词修饰动词connect。故填truly。(共103张PPT)
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
单元核心素养
提示：加黑部分为高考重点词汇，需积累。画线部分为高考写作常用佳句，需背诵。
The culture of the United States is a Western culture，and has been developing since long before the United States became a country.Its chief early influence was British culture，due to colonial ties with the British that spread the English language，the legal system and other cultural inheritances.Other important influences came from other parts of Europe，especially countries from which large numbers immigrated such as Ireland，Germany, Poland, and Italy; the Native American peoples;
单元话题导读
Africa，especially the western part，from which came the ancestors of most African Americans; and young groups of immigrants.American culture also has shared influence on the cultures of its neighbors in the New World.
The United States has traditionally been known as a melting pot，but recent academic opinion is tending towards cultural diversity，pluralism and the image of a salad bowl rather than a melting pot. Due to the extent of American culture，there are many integrated but unique subcultures within the United States.The strongest influences on American culture came from northern European cultures, most prominently from Germany, Ireland and England.
佳句
1．Other important influences came from other parts of Europe, especially countries from which large numbers immigrated such as Ireland，Germany，Poland，and Italy.
分析：画线部分为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。
链接：We are all deeply moved by the ceremony，from which we realize that the sense of responsibility always accompanies the process of our growth.
(2020·天津，书面表达)
2．Due to the extent of American culture，there are many integrated but unique subcultures within the United States.
分析：画线部分为due to引导的原因状语。
链接：I think I am qualified for this job, due to the fact that I have learned Chinese painting since childhood.
(2019·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，
Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．_________ adj. 不同的；多种多样的→___________ n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．_________ n. 机会；运气→___________ adj.幸运的；吉祥的→_____________ adv.幸运地；吉祥地→_____________ adj.不幸的；遗憾的→_______________ adv.不幸地
3．______ n. (英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯条；芯片；碎片
4．________ n.干酪；奶酪
diverse
diversity
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
chip
cheese
5．_______ vi.& vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入)→___________ n.允许进入；入场费；承认
6．____________ adv. 肯定；确实→__________ adj. 肯定的； 确定的
7．_______ vi. 发生；出现→__________ (过去式/过去分词) →___________(现在分词)
8．__________ adv. 在市中心；往市中心
9．_________ n. 传教(区)；重要任务；使命
10．__________ n. 地区；区域
admit
admission
definitely
definite
occur
occurred
occurring
downtown
mission
district
11．_______ n. 连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的
12．____________ adv. 以后；后来
13．____________ adj.(有关)历史的→_________ n.历史→___________ n.历史学家
14．______ vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求→________(过去式/过去分词)
15．______ vt.& vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
16．___________ n. (外来)移民；外侨
comic
afterwards
historical
history
historian
seek
sought
earn
immigrant
17．________ vt. 选择；挑选；选拔→___________ adj.有选择性的→___________ n. 选择； 挑选； 选拔
18．_______ n. 瓷；瓷器
19．______ n. 爵士乐
20．_____ n.酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
21．_________ n.简图；图解；图表；示意图
22．_________ n.日志；日记；报纸；刊物→____________ n.记者
select
selective
selection
china
jazz
bar
diagram
journal
journalist
23．_______ vt.& n. 夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
24．________ n. 一系列；连续；接连
25．__________ n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人→__________ n. 大部分； 大多数
26．________ vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱
claim
series
minority
majority
escape
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．head ____(朝)…… 前进；(向……)去
2．______ one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3．earn ___ living谋生
4．a series ____一系列或一连串(事件)
5．apart ______除了……外(还)；此外
6．be made ____由……制成
7．be able to ____ sth.能够/会做某事
8．used to ____ sth.过去常常做某事
9．bring _______导致；引起
to
seek
a
of
from
of
do
do
about
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．______________ Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
2．I walked around ______________________ for a few hours.
我在街上转了几个小时，欣赏街头艺术。
3．In the same year，gold was discovered near San Francisco，_______ started a gold rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
It is likely that
looking at the street art
which
Ⅳ.课文理解
1．What does the word “definitely”in the first paragraph mean？___
A．Doubtfully. B．Only.
C．Certainly. D．Finally.
2．According to the third paragraph，which is not the way that Chinese used to earn a living？___
A．Performed street art. B．Opened up shops and restaurants.
C．Found jobs on farms. D．Joined the gold rush.
C
A
3．Where would the author go tomorrow evening？___
A．A Café in Chinatown.
B．The Golden Gate Bridge.
C．Napa Valley.
D．A jazz bar in the Richmond District.
4．What is TRUE about the Mission District？___
A．It is the oldest part of Mexico.
B．The people living there are mainly from China.
C．It used to be a very wealthy area of the town.
D．It is near the centre of San Francisco.
D
D
5．From the passage，we know that___.
A．after the earthquake in 1906，San Francisco received a lot of financial support from the government
B．in the evening, Li Lan ate some western food in a Cantonese restaurant
C．in 1848, over 300,000 people from all over the world rushed to San Francisco to seek their fortune
D．Chinese immigrants had arrived in California long before gold was discovered
C
课内要点探究
You should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
你应当有勇气承认错误。
He admitted taking the money but promised never to do it again.
他承认拿了钱，但他保证再也不做这样的事了。
They admitted that they were then on the spot.
他们承认他们当时在场。
重 点 单 词
1.admit vi. ＆ vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入（或加入）
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。
We admitted him into the society.
我们允许他加入协会。
admit (to)sth.承认某事
admit doing/having done sth.承认做(了)某事
admit (to sb.) that...(向某人)承认……
admit...to be＋adj./n.承认……是……
admit sb.to/into...允许某人进入……；接纳某人为……的成员
admission n.[C]承认，供认；[U，C]准许加入；[U]入场费
apply for admission 申请加入
单句语法填空
①His son ______________(admit) to a famous university, which made the whole family very pleased.
②He has admitted _____________________(cheat) in the examinations after all, so you had better give him a chance.
③He opened the door and admitted me________the house.
④Many students apply for ___________(admit)to more than one university.
was admitted
cheating/having cheated
to/into
admission
完成句子
⑤She___________________________(承认犯了一个错误) yesterday.
⑥Only ticket-holders will____________________(可进入)the stadium
admitted making a mistake
be admitted into/to
And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
这是一座什么样的城市，这是一座在1906年地震后得以重建的城市。
(2019·北京高考)In a world that warms up by 3 ℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
如果温度再上升3摄氏度，海洋的颜色就会发生各种各样的变化。
2．occur vi.发生；出现
A good idea occurred to me while I was watching TV.
我看电视时想到了一个好主意。
It never occurs to him that he should make such great success in teaching career.
他从来没有想到他竟会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。
(1)Sth.occurs to sb.(想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中。
It occurs to sb.that...……的念头浮现在某人的脑海中。(It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且that不能省略)
(1)occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。
(2)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能为人。
occur，happen，take place，break out
occur vi.可指某事偶然发生，可与happen互换，但比较正式。表示“某人想到”时，用occur，后接介词to
happen vi.特指某事偶然发生。表示“某人发生了某事”，要用sth.happen(s) to sb.；happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事”
take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等
break out 多指自然灾害、战争、疾病的突然爆发
以上这些表示“发生”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态
单句语法填空
①It's incredible that the idea occurred ____ him in a dream.
②It didn't occur to him ______ she would refuse his invitation.
选词填空(occur/happen/take place/break out)
③The terrible war ___________ in 1937.
④What __________ to you last night
⑤When will the wedding ____________
⑥It suddenly __________ to him that he had left his keys in the office.
to
that
broke out
happened
take place
occurred
一句多译
我从来没想到你能说服他改变主意。
⑦__________________________ you could persuade him to change his mind.(occur)
⑧_____________________ you could persuade him to change his mind.(strike)
It never occurred to me that
It never struck me that
If you want to seek success, you must work hard.
你如果想谋求成功，就必须努力工作。
She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour.
她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。
He is going to Canada to seek his fortune.
他将要去加拿大寻找发财机会。
We are always seeking to improve productivity.
我们一直在设法提高生产效率。
3．seek vt.& vi. 寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
(1)seek (for) sth./sb.寻找某物/某人
seek...from sb.向某人请求……
seek one's fortune外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡
seek to do sth.(＝try to do sth.)试图做某事，设法做某事
seek through搜查遍
(2)hide-and-seek捉迷藏；躲猫猫
单句语法填空
①Legal advice should___________(seek) before you take any further action.
②The farmers seek____________(harvest) all the crops before it rains.
③Something suspicious was found after the room was sought _________.
be sought
to harvest
through
完成句子
④They are playing_____________(捉迷藏)．
⑤To be frank，I_____________________(已经找遍) my bedroom twice.
⑥When in trouble, you can_______________________________(向你的老师征求建议)．
hide-and -seek
have sought through
seek advice from your teacher
The flood claimed hundreds of lives.
水灾夺走了数百人的生命。
They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.
他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。
Buy the special supplies for the company, and claim back their cost.
先垫钱替公司买这些特殊用品，然后再把花的钱支出来。
4．claim vt.夺取(生命)；宣称；断言；索取 n.声明；断言；索赔
It is claimed that he found the money in the forest.
据说他在森林里找到了那笔钱。
His claim to own the house is valid.
他所持的拥有这所房子的主张是有效的。
Last time we made a claim on our insurance, they paid up really quickly.
上次我们依据保险提出索赔时，他们赔付得很快。
claim to do sth.声称做某事
claim sth.back 要回某物
claim damages要求损害赔偿
claim sb.'s life要了某人的命；夺去某人的生命
It is claimed that...据称……
make a claim索赔
make wild claims about对……夸下海口
make a claim for/on/to...对……提出请求或要求
写出下列句中claim的含义
①The government would not even consider his claim for money.
___________
②They returned to claim what was theirs. ___________
③An underground organization has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion. ___________
索赔
索取
声称
单句语法填空
④She _________(claim) damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.
⑤He made wild ________(claim)about curing cancer.
⑥You can make ___claim on your insurance policy.
⑦It is claimed ______humor not only affects patients' moods, but can actually help them recover faster.
claimed
claims
a
that
There was a series of bangs as the box fell down the stairs.
箱子掉下楼梯时发出了一连串响声。
5．series n.一系列；连续；接连
a series of一连串的；一系列的
a TV series一部电视连续剧
(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。
(2)“a series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A series of lectures is scheduled.
一系列演讲已安排好了。
Two series of lectures are scheduled: one for experts and one for laypeople.
两套演讲已安排好了：一套为专业人员，一套为非专业人员。
完成句子
①Then began _____________ wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
②There _____ a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.
今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。
③The star is to star in _____________________(电视连续剧) on extreme sports.
a series of
was
a television series
单句语法填空
④She gave ___ series of lectures at Warwick University last year on contemporary British writers.
⑤He's had a series ____ badly paid jobs.
a
of
He escaped from prison last week, and has been on the run ever since.
他上星期越狱逃跑，从那以后一直东逃西窜。
The bird was lucky to escape being caught.
那只鸟很幸运，躲过了捕杀。
He luckily escaped death in this air crash.
他在这次空难中幸免于难。
6．escape v.& n．逃走；逃脱；避开；被忘掉
No detail escaped his notice.
没有一个细节他没有注意到。
We had a narrow escape when the car turned over.
汽车翻车时我们死里逃生。
The thief made his escape for the door when he spotted the policeman.
小偷一看见警察就向门口逃跑了。
escape from... 从……逃跑
escape being done 没有被做……；逃脱被做……
escape death死里逃生
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
make one's escape 逃跑
narrowly escape与have a narrow escape均可表示“侥幸逃脱”，其中escape分别是动词和名词。
单句语法填空
①In order to escape ______________(catch)，the thief attempted to hide himself among the trees but failed.
②The little girl had ___narrow escape when the earthquake happened.
③He narrowly escaped ______the train crash without injuries.
④They ran away from the guards and three of them _______ (escape)．
⑤No one can escape __________________________(punish) if he breaks the law.
being caught
a
from
escaped
punishment/being punished
完成句子
⑥His name ____________(被我忘掉)．
⑦In the accident he_______________________(免于受伤)．
⑧Did he ______________________(死里逃生)from the big fire
escapes me
escaped being injured
have a narrow escape
lie down躺下
lie on one's back/side/stomach仰卧/侧卧/俯卧
lie awake 躺着睡不着；醒着躺在那里
重 点 短 语
1．lie in在于
比较lie与lay
原形 词性 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie v. 撒谎 lied lied lying
lie vi. 躺；在于 lay lain lying
lay vt. 放置；下蛋；提出 laid laid laying
用lie的适当形式填空
①(2018·江苏卷阅读)The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens ______ in the fact that its collections date from the Middle Ages.
修道院艺术博物馆的吸引力在于它的收藏品追溯到中世纪这一事实。
②The boy _______ on the grass ______ that his cock ______ an egg.
躺在草坪上的那个男孩撒谎说他的公鸡下了一个蛋。
lies
lying
lied
laid
③(2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读)However，if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation ______
然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到了一些奖励，我的动机是什么真的重要吗？
lies
I used to go to the cinema a lot.
我以前常去看电影。
There used to be low and dirty houses.
那里曾是一些又矮又脏的房舍。
2．used to do sth.过去常常做某事(暗指现在不做了)
used to有两个否定形式和两个疑问形式。一种直接使用used；一种借助于助动词did，如下：
否定形式：
used not to do＝usedn't to do
did not use to do＝didn't use to do
疑问形式：
Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形．..
Did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形．..
Used your father to drink a lot
你父亲曾经喝酒很多吗？
Didn't he use to drive to work
他过去不曾开车上班吗？
used to do sth., be used to (doing) sth., be used to do sth.
used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态
be used to (doing) sth. 表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to 为介词，后接(动)名词
be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态
Mr. White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Bamboo can be used to build houses.
竹子可用来建造房屋。
单句语法填空
①I used __________(visit) the gallery where the art works by professional painters were displayed.
②Wood is often used _________(make)desks and chairs.
③She is used to ________(live) in the countryside now.
④My grandparents are used ____the life in the downtown.
to visit
to make
living
to
完成句子
⑤We _________(曾经) get information from newspapers, but now________________(我们习惯于) searching for it on the Internet.
⑥Fresh flowers______________________(被用来装饰) the living room.
used to
we are used to
are used to decorate
Many new changes have been brought about in China's industry.
中国的工业已产生许多新的变化。
The accident was brought about by John's carelessness.
这场事故是由于约翰的粗心造成的。
3．bring about导致；引起
bring back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring down使……降低；使……倒下
bring in引入；赚得；挣得
bring out显现出；使发挥
bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
单句语法填空
①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought ____ to value the sense of sharing.
②Scientists say that many factors bring _______ the changes in the weather.
用bring的相关短语完成句子
③The most important thing to the company is to __________ new equipment.
up
about
bring in
④Being ____________ in a poor family made Tom very diligent(勤勉地) when he was still young.
⑤However, cars also _____________ so many problems for people, which should be given more attention than any time before.
⑥I shall __________ this question at the next meeting.
⑦Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw ______________ my childhood memories.
⑧Working with the medical team in Africa has _____________ the best in her as a doctor.
brought up
bring about
bring up
brought back
brought out
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
It is likely that...有可能……
(2)该句型中It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It is likely that we have met before.
我们可能以前见过。
重 点 句 型
1．It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
(1)表示“可能……”的其他常用句式
sb./sth. be likely to do sth.某人/某物可能会做某事
It is possible for sb. to do sth.某人有可能做某事
It is possible/probable that...有可能……
(2)not likely绝不可能，才不呢(表示强烈反对)
If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to improve.
如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就可能会提高。
It is possible for him to accomplish the task.
他有可能完成这项任务。
特别注意
只有likely可以用真正的人或物作主语，possible和probable一般用于it作形式主语而真正的主语后置的句型中。
possible，probable，likely
possible 强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小 It is possible that...或It is possible(for sb.) to do sth.
probable 指有根据，合情理。表示“大概，很可能”。语气比possible重要，是most likely之意 It is probable that...
likely 是常用词，指“从表面迹象来看很有可能” It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...
单句语法填空
①It is likely ______you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
②If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely __________(bring) your work home.
③It is possible for him _______(go)to Peking University if he studies harder and harder.
同义句转换
④Our headmaster is likely to go travelling with us.
→___________________our headmaster will go travelling with us.
that
to bring
to go
It is likely that
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。使用了主谓结构。
(2)looking at the street art为现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随，表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，但与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系。
I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
2．I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.
我在街上转了几个小时，欣赏街头艺术。
Laughing and talking, they went back home.
他们有说有笑，回到了家。
He sat at the table, reading a magazine.
他坐在桌子旁，读着一本杂志。
单句语法填空
①Tony lent me the money, ________(hope) that I'd do as much for him.
②All night long he lay awake, __________(think) of the problem.
句型转换
③All the students sat in the classroom, and waited for their new teacher.
→All the students sat in the classroom, __________________________.
hoping
thinking
waiting for their new teacher
④The young man held a torch in his hand, and climbed up to the top of the clock tower.
→______________________________the young man climbed up to the top of the clock tower.
Holding a torch in his hand
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
3．In the same year，gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
John passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which 指代整个主句)
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which 指代主句中的宾语从句)
She is late again, as was expected.
她又迟到了，正如预料的那样。(位于句末)
As we had expected, Tom passed the driving test.
正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首)
Global warming, as we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters.
众所周知，全球变暖已经引发了很多自然灾害。(位于句中)
单句语法填空
①She and her family bicycle to work，_______ helps them keep fit.
②The number of smokers，____ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
③I've been to London，_______ is a beautiful city.
which
as
which
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Over the next half century, the industry is likely to experience growth with many _________(不同的) cultures and markets.
2．Government ministers are starting to wonder how long their good _________(运气) can last.
3．Have you got any ________(奶酪) I can have with this bread
4．I know he is trustless.In the meantime, I must _______(承认) he is a good worker.
diverse
fortune
cheese
admit
5．What you wear should be stylish and clean, and must ____________ (肯定) fit well.
6．Cultural differences _______(发生) wherever you go.When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and respect them.
7．If you go __________(往市中心) tomorrow, could you give me a lift
8．I want to read a lot of _______(漫画杂志) books.I want to watch movies.
9．At first, I didn't like him, but __________(后来) I came to appreciate him.
definitely
occur
downtown
comic
afterwards
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．His writing shows the ___________(diverse) of human behaviour and ability.
2．_____________(fortunate), the illness is fully treatable if found within ten days.
3．At first he denied stealing the money but he later ________(admit) it.
4．Some old people want help; others most____________(definite) do not.
5．Police said the accident __________(occur)at about 4∶30 pm.
diversity
Fortunately
admitted
definitely
occurred
6．____________(history) experience can serve as a most important source of information.
7．Local police is said to _____________(seek) the help of forest officials to track down the animal.
8．I am pleased to inform you that you____________________(select) for interview.
9．There is a growing voice __________(claim) that higher fuel costs would definitely solve the issues of traffic and pollution.
10．He escaped ________________(punish)by taking advantage of his position.
Historical
have sought
have been selected
claiming
being punished
Ⅲ.选词填空
head to，seek one's fortune，earn a living，a series of，apart from，bring about，used to，lie in，in addition，open up
1．_____________five games was completed yesterday.
2．Johnny Dean _________wear glasses but now he doesn't wear them any more.
3．If we get over this thought and have a try, then we are ____________ the road of success.
4．His friend went to the new world to__________________last year.
A series of
used to
heading to
seek his fortune
5．The AI has _______________many changes in education in recent years.
6．______________please recommend a reasonable tour route so that we can save a lot of time.
7．____________making gifts by themselves, students wrote letters to their parents.
8．A violinist is someone who ________________by playing the violin.
brought about
In addition
Apart from
earns a living
9．The reputation of this museum _________the variety of its art collection.
10．The Internet has ___________a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we've never been before.
lies in
opened up
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He ____________________but now he _______________________ early.
他以前总是熬夜到很晚，但是现在习惯早睡。
2．It ___________________ to check my answers because I thought I had done all of them right.
我没有想起要检查答案，因为我认为我全做对了。
3．We're ___________________ from the traffic now.
现在我们已适应车辆往来的噪音了。
used to stay up late
is used to going to bed
didn't occur to me
used to the noise
4．Thousands of people leave their villages to ____________________ in cities.
成千上万的人离开村庄，到城市发财去了。
5．The heavy spring rain _________________________.
特大的春雨造成了这场水灾。
6．Drug users _______________________________ at school.
吸毒者更有可能在学校惹麻烦。
7．He also stated that it's __________________ to have a more balanced diet.
他还说，我有必要有一个更加均衡的饮食。
seek their fortune
brought about the flood
are more likely to get into trouble
necessary for me
8．He ________________ as a famous lawyer.
作为一名知名律师，他发财了。
9．The boat shook from side to side _____________________ the big waves.
船在大浪的影响下左右晃动。
10．We learn a language through _____________ prompts and feedback.
我们通过一系列的提示和反馈学习语言。
made a fortune
under the influence of
a series of
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After visiting the Redwood Forest and the wine country of Napa Valley, I 1.__________(definite) felt pleased to be back in San Francisco, where there are many beautiful old buildings—many 2.________(sit) on top of big mountains, offering great 3.______(view) of the city and the ocean.
definitely
sitting
views
In the morning, I walked around the downtown in the Mission District, appreciating the street art and then, 4._____(eat) some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles, which are 5.___ real mix of cultures here.
In the afternoon, I paid a visit to a local museum which showed the 6._________(history) changes in California.The gold rush 7._________(start) by the discovery of gold near San Francisco in 1848 attracted over 300,000 people from all over the world.
ate
a
historical
started
In the evening, I toured Chinatown, 8.______ there were so many nice cafés and restaurants 9.__________(choose) from and enjoyed great food in a Cantonese restaurant.
From today's touring experiences, I'm beginning to realize how America 10.___________(build) by immigrants from different countries and cultures.
解析：
1．考查副词。空处修饰动词felt，应用副词。故填definitely。
2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“many ___(sit) on top of big mountains”为独立主格结构，many表示many buildings，与sit为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填sitting。
where
to choose
was built
3．考查名词复数。此处view为可数名词，表示“(从某处看到的)景色，风景”，应用复数形式。故填views。
4．考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语，由时间状语In the morning和walked可知，空处也应用一般过去时。故填ate。
5．考查冠词。此处mix作可数名词，意为“混合体，结合体”，为单数，且表示泛指。故填不定冠词a。
6．考查形容词。“_6_(history) changes in California”表示加利福尼亚州的历史文化，表示“历史的”故填historical。
7．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语修饰The gold rush，由by可知，此处表示被动，应用过去分词。故填started。
8．考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Chinatown，且在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
9．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作定语，修饰cafés and restaurants。故填to choose。
10．考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，America与build之间为动宾关系，且build这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
Ⅵ.结合课文主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1．现今，几乎每个国家都重视文化多样(diverse)性，保护文化多样性(diversity)也是我们的使命(mission)。
2．如果我们都这样做，除了(apart from)对文化自身有益，我们可能(it's likely that)也能从中受益。
3．我们必须承认(admit)，许多外国人来市中心(downtown)的目的是希望目睹各种各样的(a series of)建筑物。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Nowadays, almost every country pays attention to diverse cultures, and it's our mission to protect cultural diversity.
If so, apart from being good to culture itself, it's likely that we can benefit from it.We must admit in downtown area, many foreign visitors come here wishing to witness a series of buildings.
夯基提能作业(共75张PPT)
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，
Reading for Writing
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________ adj. 大西洋的
2．___________ adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的→_________ n. 资金； 财政； 金融
3．________ n.诗集；诗歌；诗作→______ n.诗；诗歌→______ n.诗人
4．_______ n.牛仔裤
5．______ n. 靴子
Atlantic
financial
finance
poetry
poem
poet
jeans
boot
6．__________ n. 蘑菇
7．________ n. 毒物；毒药；毒素 vt. 毒死；毒害→___________ adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
8．______ vt. 包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi. (可)折小；(可)叠平→________ v.展开
9．_______ adv. 特别；格外 adj. 顶好的；超级的
10．____________ n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品→_________ v. 收集； 采集
11．____________ n. 百分率；百分比
mushroom
poison
poisonous
fold
unfold
super
collection
collect
percentage
12．_________ n. 气候
13．______ adj. 温和的；和善的；轻微的→________ adv.轻微地；温和地
14．________ vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→____________ n.和解；协议；安顿；定居点→_________ n.移民；殖民者
15．______________ n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→___________ vt.建造；建设→______________ adj.建设性的
16．__________ n.材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的
climate
mild
mildly
settle
settlement
settler
construction
construct
constructive
material
17．__________ n.衣服；服装
18．______ vt. 适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n.西服；套装→__________ adj.合适的；适当的
19．______ n. 项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
20．_________ vt.包含；含有；容纳→___________ n.容器
21．______ adj. 极好的；整洁的；整齐的→________ adv. 整洁地；干净地
clothing
suit
suitable
item
contain
container
neat
neatly
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．____ name but a few仅举几例
2．(at) _______ hand第一手；亲自
3．depend ____依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
4．turn ______(使)变成；(使)成为
5．such ____诸如；例如
6．varieties ____各种各样的
to
first
on
into
as
of
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．______ started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
2．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, _______________________________________.
唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，他们中许多人的英语讲得并不流利。
What
many of whom do not speak English fluently
3．Visitors can also _______ hours just ___________ the interesting sights，smells，and sounds of China.
游客还可以花几个小时探索中国有趣的景色、气味和声音。
4．It has a long and famous history，______ the author Robert Louis Stevenson ______________ much time writing there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
spend
exploring
with
having spent
5．All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found，too，and there are Chinese tea stores，_______ visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。
where
Ⅳ.课文理解
1．According to the passage，the Chinatown in San Francisco___.
A．is the biggest in the world
B．is in the centre of the city
C．is a place where visitors can experience traditional Chinese culture in real life
D．is the place where Robert Louis Stevenson was born
C
2．According to the passage，what can visitors do in Chinatown？___
A．Taste traditional Chinese food.
B．Experience the mix of Chinese culture and western culture.
C．Enjoy lots of Chinese architecture.
D．Both A and C.
3．What attracts visitors most in Chinatown？___
A．Traditional Chinese dishes. B．Chinese tea.
C．Chinese clothing. D．Chinese chess and tai chi.
D
A
4．From the passage，we can learn that___.
A．large groups of Chinese immigrants settled in San Francisco long before the Gold Rush
B．Bank of Canton used to be a famous site in the Chinatown in San Francisco
C．Chinese immigrants in Chinatown have got used to the western lifestyle in America
D．traditional Chinese dishes in Chinatown are popular with visitors from all over the world
D
课内要点探究
construct vt.建造；建筑
constructive adj.建设性的；积极的
under construction 在建造中
the construction of an airport 机场的建造
road construction道路的施工
the construction industry建筑业
a modern construction一幢现代建筑
重 点 单 词
1.construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
“under＋n.”常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。
under repair在修理中
under observation在监视中
under consideration 在考虑中
under treatment 在治疗中
under discussion 在讨论中
完成句子
①The reservoir is currently ____________________.
这座水库目前正在建造之中。
②I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid ______________.
我在看一个电视节目时受到了启发，这个电视节目展示了雪撬可能如何帮助建造金字塔。
③It is still under ____________(discuss) whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
是否应该用现代化的宾馆取代这个老公共汽车站还在讨论中。
under construction
construction
discussion
This book contains all the information you need.
这本书包含了你所需的一切资料。
I was so angry.I just couldn't contain myself(＝I had to express my feelings)．
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
The committee contains 11 Democrats and 9 Republicans.
该委员会包括11名民主党人和9名共和党人。
2．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳；克制
(1)contain oneself with sth.使自己抑制住某事
contain oneself自制；忍耐
(2)container n.容器
contain, include
contain 通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内
include 指作为整体中的一部分被包括进去，其主语和宾语属同类，是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including＋被包含部分”或“被包含部分＋included”
The box contains forty maps, including two Chinese maps.
箱子里装着四十幅地图，其中包括两幅中国地图。
contain和include
单句语法填空
①Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to know what items it __________ (contain)．
②When he was told the story for the second time，he could not contain _________(he)with anger.
完成句子
③__________________(控制你自己)！It's not that exciting.
选词填空(contain/include)
④His schoolbag __________a lot of books，___________a storybook.
contained
himself
Contain yourself
contains
including
Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.
同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
You may depend on/upon her arriving on time.
你可以相信她会准时到来。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
孩子们依靠父母供给衣食。
重 点 短 语
1．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
(1)depend on/upon sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
depend on/upon sb.'s doing sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend on/upon sb.for sth.靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that...请相信……
(2)That depends./It all depends.视情况而定。
单句语法填空
①He knew he could depend on her _________(deal) with the situation.
②You can depend ____ his coming on Sunday.
完成句子
③—Is Tom coming
——汤姆来吗？
—______________.He may not have time.
——那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
to deal
on
That depends
In a flash of light，the prince turned into a frog.
一道闪光之后，王子变成了一只青蛙。
Peter can show you how to turn an idea into an act.
彼得能教你如何把想法变成行动。
2．turn into(使)变成；(使)成为
turn down关小，调低；拒绝
turn in上交
turn off关(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn on开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是)
turn to转向；求助于
turn up开大；调高；到达，出现
单句语法填空
①Turn ____ the radio so that I can hear the program.
②Please turn ____ the police for help when you are in trouble.
③Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town ______ a dreamland.
④He promised that he would come, but he hasn't turned ____ yet.
up
to
into
up
The Rockies are home to bears and mountain lions.
落基山脉中有熊和美洲狮生存。
We will do everything we can to accommodate you and make you feel at home.
我们会尽力为您服务，使您有一种宾至如归的感觉。
Make yourself at home.Help yourself to some fish.
别拘束。随便吃点鱼吧。
3．be home to是……的栖息地/产地/家园
be the home of...是……的故乡/家
be/feel at home感觉自在，不拘束
make yourself at home 请自便，别拘束
at home and abroad国内外
单句语法填空
①Tsinghua University，founded in 1911, is home ____a great number of super figures.
②Vienna is the home ____Mozart.
③I feel ____home together with you and I'm very happy.
完成句子
④The wetlands_____________(是……的栖息地)a large variety of wildlife.
⑤Sit down and _______________________(别拘束)．
to
of
at
are home to
make yourself at home
He left for varieties of reasons.
他由于种种原因离开了。
There are varieties of patterns to choose from.
有种类繁多的花样可供选择。
4．varieties of许多的，种类繁多的
(1)variety n.种类
a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的
(2)various adj.各种各样的
(3)vary vi.& vt.变化，不同；使不同
vary in...在……方面不同
vary from...to...从……到……变化
vary with...随着……变化
Tents come in various shapes and sizes.
帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。
Rooms vary in size but all have televisions and telephones.
房间大小不同但都有电视和电话。
The age for children receiving early education varies from state to state.
儿童接受早期教育的年龄在各个州是不同的。
Prices vary with the seasons.
物价随季节而变动。
variety的两种用法
(1)a variety of/varieties of后接可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the variety of＋复数名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
用vary的正确形式填空
①The club offers ___________ of games to the local teenagers.
②The weather here ________ from hour to hour.
③He also found some lists of game fans looking for _________ versions of the game.
④One of the advantages is that we can find a _________ of topics, such as science, culture and history.
varieties
varies
various
variety
完成句子
⑤He missed the opportunity for _____________________(各种原因)．
⑥Students are offered ____________________________(各种各样的) courses in this school.
varieties of reasons
various/a variety of/varieties of
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants是一个主语从句，整句话的谓语是turned into。
重 点 句 型
1．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
(2)what引导名词性从句
①当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，除了可引导主语从句外，还可引导宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
②what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情/地方/时间等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
Nobody knows what will happen next.
没有人知道接下来将会发生什么事。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语)
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago.
玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)
I have no idea what we should do next.
我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(what引导同位语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
It was Cook that discovered what we call Australia now.
是库克发现了我们现在叫作澳大利亚的地方。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“……的地方”)
what和that引导名词性从句的异同：
that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义；what引导名词性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。
写出下列句中what的含义
①The city is not what it used to be. ______________
②We were all confused by what he said just now. ______
③After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
__________
④They finally reached what is called America now. __________
⑤He invented what is called the telephone now. __________
状况/样子
话
时间
地方
东西
单句语法填空
⑥The number of the graduates choosing to work and live in big cities has declined, one third of ______ we expected.
⑦______ is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence.
⑧______ is known to us is that tobacco contains nicotine(尼古丁) and other harmful products, so you should give up smoking.
⑨This is ______ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
what
What
What
what
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是：The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
2．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.
唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，他们中许多人的英语讲得并不流利。
(2)“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”结构
该结构用于引导定语从句，具体用法如下：
He mentioned a person, the name of whom(＝of whom the name) I've forgotten.
他提到了一个人，人名我忘记了。
There are 16 students here, all of whom(＝of whom all) have passed the test.
这里有16名学生，他们所有人都已经通过了考试。
He downloaded some songs, four of which(＝of which four) were very sweet.
他下载了一些歌曲，其中有四首非常好听。
In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are men.
我们校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是男教师。
The trees, all of whose leaves have fallen down, are very old.
那些树很老了，它们所有的叶子都落了。
“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法是英语学习中的难点和重点，学习时要注意：(1)关系代词的选择；(2)名词/不定代词/数词，of，关系代词的顺序。
单句语法填空
①In the past few years, he has collected a lot of ancient coins, most of _______ date back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
解析：句意：在过去的几年里，他收集了很多古钱币，其中大部分可以追溯到明清时期。
which
②(2020·江苏连云港校级月考)In our class there are 46 students, half of ______ wear glasses.
解析：句意：我们班有46名学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。
③Dong Qing, a famous hostess, shared her experience of creating The Readers, one of _______ purposes is to create more original(原创的) entertainment.
解析：句意：著名主持人董卿分享了制作《朗读者》节目的经历，其初衷之一就是制作更多原创文娱节目。
whom
whose
with复合结构
“with＋复合宾语”又称为“with复合结构”，复合宾语中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。该结构在句中表示状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。具体结构如下：
3．It has a long and famous history，with the author Robert Louis Stevenson having spent much time writing there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
①with＋名词/代词＋名词
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还在上学。
②with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了再见。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
③with＋名词/代词＋形容词(强调名词/代词的特性或状态)
Don't speak with your mouth full.
嘴巴里塞满食物时不要说话。
④with＋名词/代词＋副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低着头站在老师面前。
⑤with＋名词/代词＋-ed分词(强调名词/代词是-ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
The girl stood there still, with eyes fixed on the wall.
女孩静静地站在那里，眼睛盯着墙。
⑥with＋名词/代词＋-ing分词(强调名词/代词是-ing分词动作的发出者或动作、状态正在进行)
I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。
⑦with＋名词/代词＋to do(不定式表示动作尚未发生)
I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我不能出门。
单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏改编)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries _____________(recognize) its role in international affairs.
②(北京改编)More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many _________(seek) employment in engineering, aviation(航空), education，medicine and a wide variety of other profession.
③(全国Ⅰ改编)Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers ______ (leave)．
recognizing
seeking
left
④With so many problems ____________(discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
⑤It was very cold outside.The boy ran into the room ______ his nose red.
⑥He stood there with his hand ____ his pocket.
完成句子
⑦The square looks more beautiful than ever ______________________.
所有的灯亮起来，广场看起来更美。
to discuss
with
in
with all the lights on
⑧He felt more uneasy _______________________________.
全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。
⑨____________________ in the afternoon, I went on a round of the bookshops.
下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
with the whole class staring at him
With nothing to do
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is impossible for this country to recover in a short time over this ___________(金融的) crisis.
2．He begins writing ________(诗歌) under the influence of his friend，Robert Frost.
3．The lawyer rarely wears anything other than _______(牛仔裤) and a T-shirt whatever the season.
4．His _______(靴子) were spotted with mud.
financial
poetry
jeans
boots
5．After my delicious supper, roast mutton and fried __________(蘑菇), I went to the cinema.
6．The leaves of certain trees are ___________(有毒的) to cattle.
7．The back of the bench _______(折叠) forward to make a table.
8．Robert's _____________(收藏品) of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.
9．Work has begun on the _______________(建造) of the new airport.
10．He is recognized as a _______(超级的) star and is praised highly by people.
mushroom
poisonous
folds
collections
constructions
super
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The symptoms of first degree burns are dry, red and ________(mild) swollen.
2．He took off his trousers and folded them ________(neat)．
3．He lived in a small ____________(settle) on the edge of the desert.
4．The bridge under______________(construct) is 300 meters long.
5．We must provide good ___________(material) for developing the students' reading skills.
mildly
neatly
settlement
construction
materials
6．There were several expensive _______(suit)hanging in the shop windows.
7．The majority of our students ______(has)never heard of the life of these native people.
8．Break eggs into a bowl, ________(take) care not to break the yolks(蛋黄)．
9．My interests are many, to name _____a few：painting, photography, music and reading.
10．I regret taking those weight-loss pills____________(contain) a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
suits
have
taking
but
containing
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．_________________you added too much salt to the soup.
你可能在汤里放的盐太多了。(likely)
2．She has many books，________________________________.
她有许多书，但没有一本与历史有关。(定语从句)
3．John was seated at the back of the room，______________________ __________who was good at maths.
约翰坐在房间的后面，和那个擅长数学的新来的人聊天。(分词作状语)
It's likely that
none of which is about history
chatting to/with the
newcomer
4．_______________________________stones on the road.
造成事故的是路上的石头。(主语从句)
5．____________________________，we finally defeated the epidemic.
有这么多人帮助我们，我们最终战胜了这次疫情。(with复合结构)
6．______________________________________，but he composes the music as well.
他不仅给歌曲写词，也谱曲。(not only....but also...)
What caused the accident were
With so many people helping us
Not only does he write the words to the songs
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinatown in San Francisco is the 1. _______(big) and also oldest of all the Chinatowns in the USA, which 2.____(be) an important part of its diverse culture.The climate there is mild all year round, 3._________(mean) it's always a good time to visit.
biggest
are
meaning
4._____________(historical), Chinese immigrants arrived here during the railway construction and gold rush period.What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants turned 5._____ a centre for Chinese culture.The 6._________(major) of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of 7.______ don't speak English fluently.This allows visitors to experience 8.___ real taste of China.
Historically
into
majority
whom
a
There are many famous sites here.Apart from the legendary dragon gate, which was built using materials 9._________(donate) from China, visitors can also see Tin How Temple and Bank of Canton.Portsmouth Square is a key site with a long and famous history, where visitors can see traditional Chinese culture in real life.
There are Chinese stores which offer a unique range of souvenirs, goods, clothing, all kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and varieties of Chinese tea.But what the visitors treasure most here is 10._____(it) Chinese food and traditional dishes, which suit everyone's tastes.
donated
its
解析：
1．考查形容词的最高级。根据空后的“oldest”及“of all the Chinatowns in the USA”可知，空处应填形容词的最高级。故填biggest。
2．考查主谓一致。空处是定语从句的谓语，要与先行词保持数的一致。先行词是all the Chinatowns，所以该定语从句的谓语要用are。故填are。
3．考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作状语，与句子主干之间有因果关系，故填现在分词meaning。
4．考查副词。空处作状语，要用副词形式。故填Historically。
5．考查介词搭配。turn into表示“变成……”。故填介词into。
6．考查名词。空处作主语表示“大多数”，故填名词形式majority。
7．考查定语从句。“many of _7_ don't speak English fluently”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ethnic Chinese，故填关系代词whom。
8．考查冠词。taste在此表示“体验，尝试”，一般用单数形式。experience a taste of...表示“体验一下……，领略一下……”。故填a。
9．考查非谓语动词。“_9_(donate) from China”是定语修饰materials。donate与materials是动宾关系，故填过去分词形式donated。
10．考查代词。空处作定语修饰名词短语Chinese food and traditional dishes，所以要用物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。
夯基提能作业(共23张PPT)
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
1．仔细审题：明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事物的主要特征。
2．选择合理的说明顺序：比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序，分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。
3．选择恰当的说明方法：比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，来增加文章的色彩。
4．语言：既要确切无误，又要通俗易懂。适当使用一些结构比较复杂的句式，如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、强调句及非谓语动词等，以增加语言表达效果。
地点介绍
【常用表达】
1．前门大街有600多年历史，800米长，沿街有300多家店铺。
①Qianmen Street with 800 meters long is a famous street of over 600 years old, along which there are more than 300 shops.
②Qianmen Street with a history of over 600 years old is 800 meters in length, along which there are more than 300 shops.
③The 800-meter-long Qianmen Street with more than 300 shops along has a history of over 600 years old.
2．坐落在山顶的寺庙经历了这个地区的许多变化。
①The temple stands on the top of the mountain, and has experienced many changes in this area.
②Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple has witnessed many changes in this area.
3．它坐落在天安门广场南面。
①It is just located to the south of Tian'anmen Square.
②To the north of it, there is Tian'anmen Square.
③It lies in the south of Tian'anmen Square.
4．加拿大，世界第二大国，占地998万平方千米。
①Canada, which is the second largest country in the world, covers an area of 9.98 million square kilometres.
②Canada, the second largest country in the world, covers an area of 9.98 million square kilometres.
③Canada, covering an area of 9.98 million square kilometres, is the second largest country in the world.
5．乘车到达那儿很方便，可乘坐公共汽车17、69、59等线路，或者地铁2号线。
①It's very convenient to get there by taking Buses No.17, 69 or 59 besides Subway Line 2.
②With Buses No.17, 69 or 59 passing there, it is very convenient to get there by bus, and you can also choose to take Subway Line 2.
【写作模板】
地理位置介绍：
(某地点)____is located in(方位)____，covering an area of(面积)____．It has a population of(人口数量)____．It grows(农作物) ____， and it is rich in (自然资源矿物质)____．
In a word，(某地点)____ is a fascinating place with fascinating people.Welcome to(某地点)____．
路线描写：
We are going to(举行活动)____(时间)___(at＋时间点/in＋月份/on＋具体某一天)at/in(地点)____．It is not very difficult to find your way to this place.Now let me tell you the way to this place.When you get out of(某地一)____，you can take Bus(几路公交车)____to(某地二)____，and get off at the second/third crossing.Walk across the crossing to the east/west/south/north until you see(某地三)____ on your left/right.Turn left/right there (at the corner) and go straight on/ahead.Then you can see/find(某地四)____ is on your left/right.The place is next to/opposite to(某地点)____．The place is(多远)____yards/kilometers down the street on the left/right.
Find Room(几号房间)____ and we will be meeting you there.
精品展示
假如你是李华，请根据下面的提示给Mr.Smith回信，介绍适合他租用的一处房子。
1．位于市中心商业区，交通便利，环境优美；
2．面积80平方米，宽敞明亮；
3．房间天然气、暖气、家具、空调等必备设施齐全；
4．房租价格合理，每月仅1 000元；
5．房子位置和户型如图所示：
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本文为___________
2．确定人称：以_____________为主
3．确定时态：以_____________为主
第二步 确定段落
第一段：总体简介；
第二段：展开描述——位置、面积、环境、交通、人口、历史、名胜古迹及特色；
第三段：结合写作要求进行结尾。
说明文
第三人称
一般现在时
第三步 提炼要点
1．位置简介
2．设备设施
3．租房价格和其他
第四步 句式升级
1．它位于花园路和和平路的交叉路口，我们市最繁忙的两个街道。
(一般表达)It is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue.They are two busiest streets in our city.
(高级表达) It is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue, _______________ in our city.
two busiest streets
2．在它的周围有超市、医院和公共汽车站。
(一般表达) Around it, there is a supermarket, a hospital and a bus stop.
(高级表达)Around it _____ a supermarket, a hospital and a bus stop.
3．房子有一个客厅，两个卧室，一个厨房和一个卫生间。
(一般表达)There is one living room, two bedrooms, one kitchen and one toilet in the house.
(高级表达)The house __________ one living room, two bedrooms, one kitchen and one toilet.
lie
contains
参考范文：
Dear Smith，
As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I'd like to recommend the following house to you.
It is on the fifth floor of a six-storey building, which is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue, two busiest streets in our city.Around it lie a supermarket, a hospital and a bus stop, so it is convenient for you to do shopping, see a doctor or travel.What's more,
the house contains one living room, two bedrooms, one kitchen and one toilet.Besides, it is equipped with all the households and living facilities such as natural gas, heating system, furniture, air conditioners and so on.The rent is no more than 1,000 yuan per month, which is a real bargain.
I think the house is quite suitable for you.
Yours，
Li Hua
亮点点评：
本文语言流畅，叙事明了。表达准确，过渡自然。诸如as for，put forward，recommend等高级词汇运用丰富而自然；倒装句式、定语从句等运用恰当。
假如你今年暑假第一次去厦门旅行。请根据以下信息，写一篇英语短文，介绍其景点并谈谈你的感受。
位置 位于福建省东南部
景点 鼓浪屿(最出名景点之一，每天有成千上万的游客)
曾厝垵(品尝各种美味小吃)
厦门大学
活动 捡贝壳、追海浪、游泳(厦门四面环海)
参考词汇：鼓浪屿Gulangyu Island 曾厝垵Zengcuoan
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
参考范文：
This summer I went to visit Xiamen for the first time.This journey left a deep impression on me.
Xiamen lies in the southeast of Fujian Province，and Gulangyu Island is one of the most famous places in Xiamen.Thousands of tourists go to Gulangyu Island by ship every day.There is a village called Zengcuoan，where we can taste different kinds of delicious snacks.Xiamen University is a beautiful place which you must visit.After visiting it, you can find it is a wonderful thing to go to the university.Xiamen is surrounded by the sea.You can go to pick up shells，chase the waves and swim in the sea.
What a fascinating city Xiamen is!
夯基提能作业Unit 3 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.All the _collections_(收藏品) will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
2．Now in China, an increasing _percentage_(百分比) of the population have their own cars.
3．With the changes in the world's _climate_(气候)，dinosaurs died，but many smaller animals lived on.
4．Fortunately, the weather that winter was reasonably _mild_(温和的)．
5．Later, man began to _settle_(定居) in the places where the food and water were plentiful.
6．She showed the visitors around the museum, the _construction_(建造) of which had taken more than three years.
7．A new series of simple English reading _materials_(材料) for middle school students has come out this year.
8．We may be able to design a course to _suit_(满足……需要) your particular needs.
9．This book _contains_(包括) all the information you need, so you should read it carefully.
10．Beautiful and _neat_(整洁的) handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large _collection_(collect) of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
2．(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Soon afterwards，many of those people started _settling_(settle) down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.
3．(2020·江苏卷)If you look at all sides of the situation，you'll find probably a solution that _suits_(suit)everyone.
4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located _at_ the foot of the hill near our school.
5．(2019·天津3月卷)Every sheet _contained_(contain)a poem or a joke and we looked forward to them being handed out.
6．(2020·浙江卷)Note-taking is an important skill not only for taking classes，_but_ also for doing your job in the future.
7．With the teacher _standing_(stand) beside，she felt a bit uneasy.
8．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)_It_ is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
9．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home _to_ many plants and animals.
10．This new process has brought _about_ great change.
11．_What_ he said made me so excited that I couldn't fall asleep that night.
12．The company is in _financial_(finance) difficulties.
13．Keep what's left in a covered _container_(contain) in the fridge.
14．One day I'll want to settle _down_ and have a family.
15．Would now be a _suitable_(suit) moment to discuss my report
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Lots of our friends are coming: Anne，Ken and George，_to_name_but_a_few_.
2．We wished to obtain information_at_first_hand_.
3．Many of these plants are evergreen, so you can enjoy them_all_year_round_.
4．Joan is _turning_into_quite a skilled musician.
5．A new railway is_under_construction_.
6．There are more than 20 _varieties_of_fruits in the region.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．There are 16 students here，_all_of_whom_have_passed_the_test_.(非限制性定语从句)
这里有16名学生，他们所有人都已经通过了考试。
2．_What_he_said_at_the_meeting_astonished everyone present.(what引导的主语从句)
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。
3．The bridge _built_30_years_ago_is under repair.(过去分词作定语)
30年前修建的那座桥正在维修中。
4．He sat at the table，_reading_a_magazine_.(现在分词作状语)
他坐在桌子旁，读着一本杂志。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city's cultural heritage(遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.
Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk.Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs, most of which are near the Imperial Palaces.Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250.In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, which cover 62 square kilometres, some people will be asked to move from hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Imperial Palaces during the National Day holidays.The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics, ” said Huang Yan, director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritages worked.Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271－1368)．The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 57 square kilometres of land.“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage, ” Wang said.
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished, ” Wang said.
No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了北京胡同的现状及保护措施。
1．How many hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing？_B_
A．Less than 1,000. B．About 2,000.
C．More than 3,000. D．Over 4,000.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，过去六十年大约两千多胡同消失。故选B。
2．According to Huang Yan, what is the main cause of the damage to cultural relics？_A_
A．Visitors' activity. B．Residents' attitude.
C．Communities' behaviour. D．The government's policy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics...hutongs should be protected from human damage.”可知，游客的活动损坏了文物，故选A。
3．Which of the following is a useful way to protect hutongs？_B_
A．To attract more visitors.
B．To punish anyone damaging them.
C．To increase the local population.
D．To forbid everyone getting close to them.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“any actions to damage the heritage will be punished”可知，惩罚那些破坏的人是保护胡同的有效方法，故选B。
4．What will happen to hutongs in the near future？_A_
A．Only time will tell.
B．No one will remember them.
C．The number will be growing.
D．Hutongs will disappear completely.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知， 没有人知道100年后会有多少胡同留下。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has countless attractions.The Great Wall is _1.probably_(probable) one that is most familiar _2.to_the Western tourists.The Great Wall is like a giant stone dragon，_3.winding_(wind) across the country from the ocean on the east to the desert on the west.It is the longest wall that _4.has_been_built_(build) ever,1,500 miles in _5.length_(long)．Along the wall are watch towers，_6.where_soldiers were on the watch for threats.The wall was initially constructed _7.to_prevent_(prevent) invasion of neighboring states, and the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty.From the top of the Great Wall, people can enjoy an _8.impressive_(impress) view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers.If we were to build such a wall now, we would use modern machines._9.However_，the ancient Chinese had to build the wall by hand.The reason why the Great Wall attracts tourists from all over the world every year is_10.that_it represents the highest wisdom of ancient China.Just as the saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了为西方游客所青睐的中国长城。有这样一句谚语“不到长城非好汉”。
解析：
1．考查副词。空格处在句中修饰整个句子， 要用副词。故填probably。
2．考查固定搭配。“sth.be familiar to...”为固定搭配， 意为“为……所熟悉”。故填to。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：长城就像一条巨大的石龙， 从东边的海洋到西边的沙漠， 蜿蜒穿过这个国家。此处是现在分词作伴随状语。故填winding。
4．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这是迄今为止建造的最长的城墙， 有1,500英里长。ever常用于现在完成时。城墙， 是名词单数， 与动词build是被动关系， 此处要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been built。
5．考查名词。介词后跟名词， in length表示“在长度上”。故填length。
6．考查定语从句。句意：沿着城墙有瞭望塔， 士兵们在那里提防危险。句中的watch towers是先行词， 引导词在后面的非限制性定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：长城最初是为了防御邻国的入侵而修建的， 现存的长城大部分是明朝修建的。分析句子可知， 空格处在句中作目的状语。故填to prevent。
8．考查形容词。此处修饰名词view, 故填形容词impressive。
9．考查副词。句意：如果我们现在建这样一道城墙， 我们将用现代机器。然而， 古代的人必须手工建墙。根据句意可知此处表示转折关系。注意首字母大写。故填However。
10．考查表语从句。句意：长城之所以每年都吸引着来自世界各地的游客， 是因为它代表了古代中国最高的智慧。系动词is后是表语从句， 分析表语从句可知， 表语从句的句意完整，不缺少成分， 只缺少一个起引导词作用的连词， that在表语从句中只起引导作用。故填that。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends.One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon.As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home.He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him.“Man, that's a big dog！” he thought.But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped.He found out his can of bear spray.With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf.A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head.But a minute later, it was by his side again.Then it attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag.He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase(追赶)．
Mac was pedaling hard now.He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down.He saw a steep uphill climb before him.He knew that once he hit the hill, he'd be easy caught up and the wolf's teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska.They didn't think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike.As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf.Mac heard a large vehicle behind him.He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
Paragraph 1：
The car abruptly stopped in front of him.__________________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.__________________________________
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参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
The car abruptly stopped in front of him.Paul and Becky got out of the car immediately to give help.But with the bare hands, they didn't dare to fight with the wolf.However, they still approached to the wolf bravely.At the same time, the wolf also noticed them and turned its head back, shouting loudly at Paul and Becky.Mac then jumped off the bicycle and was ready to fight against the wolf.That reached deadlock.
Paragraph 2：
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf.Mac's friends also jumped off their bicycles and joined the fight with the wolf.More and more cars stopped.Some drivers took out the sticks from the cars, and some took out the knives, even the guns towards the wolf.Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw.Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.Unit 3 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
You can remember the face, but can't put a name to it.Many of us have been caught in this embarrassing situation.But researchers say it is often easier to remember someone's name than what they look like.
Twenty-four volunteers were shown 40 pictures of strangers, paired with random(随机的) names.They were given time to memorize the faces and names before being tested on which they thought they had seen before.
The participants could remember up to 85 percent of the names but only 73 percent of the faces.When they were shown a different picture of the same person, the participants could recall only 64 percent of faces, according to the study led by the University of York.
That may be because faces are only recognized visually(视觉地), while names can be both spoken and written down to appear in our visual and audio memory.When people were shown famous people, they also remembered their names more accurately than their photographs.Co-author Dr Rob Jenkins, from the university's psychology department, said, “Our study suggests that, while many people may be bad at remembering names, they are likely to be even worse at remembering faces.This will surprise many people as it is against our initial understanding.Our life experiences with names and faces have misled us about how our minds work.” Remembering names gets harder with age, leading to many uncomfortable moments for middle-aged people when they run into people they know.
But to study whether names are harder to recall than faces, the researchers, whose findings are published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, used a “fair test” where the participants were presented with strangers' names and faces.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。目前的研究表明名字比面孔更容易记住， 这可能让很多人大吃一惊， 因为这和人们平时的想法相左。短文介绍了这一研究过程， 并指出随着年龄的增长， 记住名字变得越来越困难。名字是否比面孔更难记忆需要进一步证实。
1．What can we know according to the research in Paragraph 3？_B_
A．It is certain that names are harder to recall than faces.
B．Remembering names is easier than remembering faces.
C．Most participants can remember the face not the name to it.
D．The participants can recall 73% faces of the same person.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The participants could remember up to 85 percent of the names but only 73 percent of the faces.(参与者能记住多达85%的名字， 但能记住的面孔只有73%。)”可知， 记住名字比记住面孔更容易。故选B。
2．Which of the following will the author agree with？_A_
A．Age will weaken the ability to remember names.
B．Unlike faces, names are only recognized visually.
C．Faces can appear in our visual and audio memory.
D．Rob Jenkins has proved people can remember faces better.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段末句“记住名字会随着年龄增长而变得更困难， 这会导致很多中年人在遇到熟人时会有尴尬的时刻。”可推测， 作者认为记名字的能力会随着年龄增加而下降。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “initial” in Paragraph 4 mean？_B_
A．Clear. B．First.
C．Unusual. D．Creative.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Our study suggests that, while many people...is against our initial understanding.(我们的研究表明， 尽管有些人不擅长记住名字， 但他们很有可能更不擅长记住面孔。这可能会使很多人吃惊， 因为这和我们initial理解是相反的。)”可知， 这个结果和他们之前的理解相左。由此推测画线词的意思是“最初的， 起初的， 之前的”。故选B。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？_D_
A．People can't remember strangers' names and faces.
B．Recalling names is more difficult than remembering faces.
C．The researcher uses the same method to study another problem.
D．Whether names are harder to recall than faces is further proved.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“但为了研究名字是否比面孔更难记忆， 研究人员使用了一种‘公平测试’， 在测试中研究人员给参与者展示了一些陌生的名字和面孔， 并将结果发表在了《实验心理学季刊》杂志上。”可推测， 名字是否比面孔更难记忆得到了进一步的证实。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stay on the brighter side of life
One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful.In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being.Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you're grateful for._1.G_
Feeling down Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you're happy—even if you aren't.A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well._2.D_ Reassure yourself that everything is good—even if you don't feel it.
“_3.C_ If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too，” says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor.By blowing negative events out of proportion, you're setting yourself up for feeling down all day.Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window.That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve._4.F_ You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated.However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
_5.B_ Try making someone else's day better.A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers.Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.
A．Try to help someone in need.
B．Want to give your attitude a lift
C．People tend to think in an either-or way.
D．Act in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a joke.
E．You'll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
F．By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.
G．By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。乐观是生活中重要的组成部分，感恩与幸福之间有很大的关系。
解析：
1．第一段讲的是要记住一些愉快的事来获得幸福感。故选G项。
2．第二段讲到即使有不愉快的事，也可以通过调整心态来获得愉悦感。故选D项。
3．第三段用堵车时应该选择什么样的心态来告诉人们在遇到不愉快的事时，应学会选择，第一句是总括。故选C项。
4．根据此空后一句“You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated.”可知集中于你不能完成的事情，你会感到失落。故选F项。
5．最后一段讲的是如何提升幸福感的方法，就是做志愿者帮助别人。故选B项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
People from Great Britain brought the English language to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries.And in the_1.A_ 300 years, there were _2.C_ many changes in _3.B_ places that now people can _4.D_ tell an English person from an American in the way he or she speaks.
Many old words_5.A_ in England but were kept in America.For example, 300 years ago people in Great Britain got their water from something they called either a “faucet”， a “spigot”， or a “tap”．All these words are _6.D_ heard in different parts of America, but only “tap” is still common in _7.C_.
Also, over the last three centuries the English language_8.B_ thousands of new words for things that weren't known _9.C_.And often, American and English people used two _10.C_ names for them.A tin can is called “tin” for short in England, but a “can” in America.And almost anything having something to do _11.C_ cars, railroads, etc._12.A_ different names in British and American English.
But now American and British English may be growing close together.One_13.A_ is the large amount of American speech that British people hear daily in movies, on television, or from travellers._14.D_ this, Americans seem to be influencing the British more or less.So some day, English may even be _15.C_ on both sides of the Atlantic.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。英语从英国传入北美之后，随着历史的演变而发生了一些变化，而这些变化都体现了英国和美国之间的文化差异。
1．A.following B．recent
C．oldest D．last
解析：第一句提到“英国人在16和17世纪把英语带到了北美。”，此处用“in the following 300 years”表示“在接下来的300年里”。故选A。
2．A.such B．too
C．so D．great
解析：固定结构so...that...引导结果状语从句，且由many可知，此处应用so。故选C。
3．A.either B．both
C．neither D．two
解析：上文只提到两个地点Great Britain和North America，又因此处表示肯定的含义，应用both。故选B。
4．A.hardly B．difficultly
C．clearly D．easily
解析：由于语言发生了很大变化，人们可以很“容易地”通过说话方式把英国人和美国人区分开。故选D。
5．A.disappeared B．appeared
C．spoke D．took
解析：由“but were kept in America”可知，本题应该用disappeared与were kept相对应。故选A。
6．A.not B．hardly
C．too D．still
解析：此句是对“but were kept in America”的进一步说明。still“仍然；还”符合语境。故选D。
7．A.America B．France
C．England D．Germany
解析：由but前的“in different parts of America”可知此处应该选择England。故选C。
8．A.added B．has added
C．discovered D．has discovered
解析：在近三个世纪以来，要想表达以前不知道的事物，就必须增加词汇，因此应用has added。故选B。
9．A.anywhere B．in some countries
C．before D．for centuries
解析：增加的词汇用来表示以前(before)所不知道的事物。anywhere“任何地方”；in some countries“在一些国家”；for centuries“数个世纪”。这三者均与句意不符。故选C。
10．A.new B．short
C．different D．surprising
解析：从后面的两句话可知，此处是指用“不同的”词汇指代同一物体。故选C。
11．A.to B．away
C．with D．from
解析：固定短语have something to do with是固定结构，意为“与……有关”。其他选项不符合句意。故选C。
12．A.has B．have
C．have given D．was given
解析：本句的主语是前面的anything，由此排除B项和C项；又因为本句的时态为一般现在时，可排除D项。故选A。
13．A.thing B．story
C．belief D．expression
解析：此处thing意为“事实，情况”，来表明美式英语和英式英语越来越接近。故选A。
14．A.As B．Because
C．Besides D．Because of
解析：从后半句可以看出，正是由于上句话中所提到的原因才得出结论：美国人似乎对英国人产生了影响。because表示原因时是连词，其后接句子，而because of是介词，后接单词或词组，符合句意。故选D。
15．A.different B．more different
C．the same D．more useful
解析：上文中谈到美国人对英国人产生了影响，所以作者最后说“将来有一天大西洋两岸的英语可能会一样”。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese Culture Center in Paris，_1.located_ (locate) in downtown areas opposite the celebrated historic sites of Grand Palais and Petit Palais across the Seine River, _2.sits_ (sit) next to a large number of grand handsome and elegant classical architectures that have witnessed the evolution of Paris at _3.various_ (vary) historical stages.It conforms to (符合) the status of China, a great power with _4.a_ lasting civilization of several thousand years in the East, _5.to_set_ (set) the Chinese Cultural Center in this exact place.
The amazing progress in_6.smoothly_ (smooth) selecting the site for the Chinese Culture Center and putting it into _7.operation_ (operate) in downtown Paris in such a short period was due to high priority of the Chinese government and constructive cooperation of the French party.Wu Jianmin, Chinese ambassador to France, said _8.in/with_ excitement, “We have our own cultural center in Paris at last, _9.and_ we have eventually realized the long cherished wish of my predecessor in the Chinese embassy.” Hou Xianghua, the first director of the Chinese Cultural Center in Paris, said the center will stick to its “non-governmental” nature and greet people from all _10.walks_ (walk) of life, in addition to serving the mainstream society.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴黎的中国文化中心。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词为sit, locate在句中为非谓语。根据句意，这里表达的是“位于……”，使用的是be located in这个词组，在原短语中located为过去分词，所以这里也要用其过去分词作定语。故填located。
2．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是The Chinese Culture Center，谓语动词也要用单数。全文为一般现在时。故填sits。
3．考查形容词。设空处修饰名词词组historical stages，应该用形容词。故填various。
4．考查冠词。civilization表示“社会文明”是可数名词，应该由冠词修饰。根据句意，这里泛指“一个在东方持续了几千年的社会文明”，lasting的发音以辅音音素开头，应该由不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
5．考查非谓语动词。本句中it作形式主语，设空处为动词不定式(短语)作真正主语。故填to set。
6．考查副词。修饰动词select应该用副词。故填smoothly。
7．考查名词。设空处作介词into的宾语应该用名词。故填operation。
8．考查介词。in excitement和with excitement都可以表达“激动地，兴奋地”的意思。故填in/with。
9．考查连词。设空处前后句之间为并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
10．考查固定搭配。句意：巴黎中国文化中心首任主任侯湘华表示，该中心将坚持其“非政府”性质，除了服务于主流社会外，也欢迎各界人士。from all walks of life为固定搭配，意为“各行各业的人，各界”，符合句意。故填walks。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter打算今年暑假到西藏旅游，请写一封电子邮件介绍西藏。要点如下：
①位置：中国西南部，位于有“世界屋脊”之称的青藏高原；
②人口数量：300多万；面积：120多万平方千米；
③基本情况：拉萨是西藏的首府；有许多旅游景点，比如布达拉宫(the Potala Palace)；近年来，其在经济、政治和文化等方面都取得了巨大进步。
注意：①可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
②词数80左右。
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参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I am so glad to know that you will come to Tibet for a visit.Now let me introduce something about Tibet for you.
Located in the southwest of China, Tibet is on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, known as the “roof of the world”．It has a population of over 3 million, covering an area of more than 1.2 million square kilometers.The capital city is Lhasa, which is honoured as one of the highest cities in China.It has a number of world-famous places of interest，such as the Potala Palace.In the past few years, it has made great progress in economy, politics and culture.
I'm sure you will have a wonderful journey in such a great place.Looking forward to your coming to China.
Yours，
Li Hua
