高中英语 人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration（共8份打包）

Unit 4　Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Once upon a time they were driven to the northern_frontier_(边境)．
2．The driver managed to escape from the_vehicle_(车辆)and shouted for help.
3．There was nothing yet for the _satellite_(卫星)cameras to pick up.
4．As we all know, the earth is in _orbit_(轨道)around the sun.
5．The young people should make a greater contribution to _mankind_(人类)．
6．If you lose these _data_(资料)，I'll never forgive you.
7．Soviet rockets have _launched_(发射)more satellites into orbit in the past few years.
8．He was without question one of the _giants_(伟人) of Japanese literature.
9．There is an _ongoing_(进行中的) discussion within the party about this.
10．The United States may soon have a manned_spacecraft_(航天器)on Mars.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study hard, which _determines_(determine) our future.
2．They didn't take the activity seriously.It was not well organised, which made us very _disappointed_(disappoint)．
3．Your parents always try their best to satisfy all your _desires_(desire)．
4．After that, I got used to correcting my own homework and became more _independent_(independence)．
5．It took them an entire day to go _through_ the forest.
6．I often look _up_ the new words in the dictionary.
7．It's difficult to carry _on_ the discussion with all this noise around us.
8．We looked through many books _in_ the hope of getting further information.
9．He turned off the light so as _to_fall_(fall) asleep quickly.
10．Not only Tom but also I _am_(be) fond of swimming.
Ⅲ.选词填空
succeed in， on board，find out， look up at，believe in，in the hope of，go wrong，carry on
1．There can be no doubt that you will_succeed_in_your scientific research.
2．They need to interview some people and_find_out_if they like their jobs.
3．A ship was leaving the harbor and we saw the people _on_board_waving.
4．You _look_up_at_the sky and if it's clear, it is a good day and you're happy.
5．Some of his supporters have stopped_believing_in_him.
6．When things _go_wrong_at work, our health can suffer.
7．Please _carry_on_what you were saying.
8．They moved to Liege_in_the_hope_of_getting better treatment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1._The_second_thing_to_do_is that we should get along well with others and learn to respect each other.
要做的第二件事是我们应该与其他人和睦地相处并学会互相尊敬。
2．We arrived early at the theatre_so_as_to_sit_in_the_front_seats_.
我们早早来到剧院，以便占到前排座位。
3．_This_is_because_it requires each member of the team to think differently.
这是因为它要求小组内的每个成员的想法都不同。
4．Next month，_when_you_will_spend_your_holidays_in your town, is coming.
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
5．The teacher was telling a story，_surrounded_by_several_lovely_kids_.
那位老师在讲故事，几个可爱的孩子围在身边。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
“Siri，what's the weather like in San Francisco？”
“Today's forecast for San Antonio is...”
“No.San FRAN-CIS-CO！！”
“The tapper Sisqo was born in Baltimore, Maryland.”
Sometimes, talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well，not so intelligent.
Yohav Shoham, the Stanford computer science professor, said，“AI has made truly amazing progress in the past decade, but computers still can't exhibit the common sense or the general intelligence of even a 5-year-old.” Yann LeCun, a French scientist, put it more simply.“We're very far from having machines that can learn the most basic things about the world in the way humans and animals can do.In particular areas machines have superhuman performance, but in terms of general intelligence they're not even close to a rat，” he explained.
Oren Etzioni, an Israeli scientist, said，“There's a brand of science fiction(小说) that's very dystopian (反面乌托邦的)．These works of fiction talk about how the world is going to get much worse.I'm too much of an optimist (乐观者)to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”
However, robots are becoming smarter.Indeed, our homes are becoming more intelligent when we place devices (设备) like the Amazon Echo and Google Home on our kitchen counter.But，at least for the moment anyway，we shouldn't feel intimidated by this artificial intelligence.
There are robots that move like animals and robots that offer guidance.There's even a robot that can paint a picture of Einstein and a robot that can fold your laundry.Robots are not taking over the world yet.So for now, we can simply sit back and relax.And have a robot waiter pour us a drink.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是科学与技术。科学家表明目前机器人并没有人们所想象的那样聪明，它们的一般智力和常识还不及5岁的孩子。
1．What does the dialogue at the beginning of the text tell us？_A_
A．Robots aren't as smart as we expect.
B．It isn't easy to forecast the weather correctly.
C．A speaker may be misunderstood by another.
D．Weather is a good subject to start a conversation.
解析：推理判断题。根据“Sometimes，talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well，not so intelligent.”可推知，Siri是一个机器人的名字，而这场人机对话可谓是答非所问，由此可知，这场对话反映出目前机器人并不像人们想象的那样聪明。故选A。
2．What do the scientists think about the artificially intelligent robots now？_D_
A．They have superhuman performance in kitchen tasks.
B．They have the common sense of a 5-year-old.
C．They can only learn the basic things of humans.
D．They are still poor at general intelligence.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Yohav Shoham和Yann LeCun的观点可知，科学家认为机器人的一般智力还很差。故选D。
3．How did Oren find the dystopian science fiction？_A_
A．Pleasant.　　　　 B．Typical.
C．Realistic. D．Controversial.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中Oren说的话“I'm too much of an optimist(乐观者) to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”可知，他从这些科幻小说中获得了很多乐趣。故选A。
4．What does the underlined word “intimidated” mean？_C_
A．Comforted. B．Astonished.
C．Threatened D．Disappointed.
解析：词义猜测题。虽然Oren说到一些科幻小说描述了未来世界将会变得很糟，但是目前机器人并没有那么智能，不会威胁到我们的生活。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had a childhood hero？I mean a real person that changes the way you think, and influences you to be better at something _1.G_
Roger is a famous tennis player，in case you have been living under a rock these past fifteen years.He is considered the best tennis player in the history of the sport.And he is still strong.At the ripe old age of 37, he could have easily retired from the sport and lived a comfortable life he wanted._2.E_ For a tennis player, there is no other person worthier of respect and admiration.
You might not agree with me when I say tennis is one of the hardest sports in the world.But hear me out.Physically speaking, there are plenty of sports that are equally as challenging as tennis.Many also require mental strength._3.F_ In a singles tennis match, you are alone.For the whole match, which can last for hours, you have to decide what to do without any outside help.
_4.A_ Michael Jordan had teammates and coaches to support him during a game.Usain Bolt was also alone, but his matches were finished within a minute.So, to be a great singles tennis player, you must be independent, confident about yourself, and calm under pressure—qualities that are very valuable anywhere you go.
_5.B_ Next time if got a chance to see Roger Federer defend his title live, I will be there cheering him on.What about you
A．Let's put it this way.
B．Nothing beats going to a live tennis game.
C．Have you ever dreamed of becoming a hero
D．Sports do good to physical and mental development.
E．But he has been pushing himself past his own limits.
F．However, few require a combination of the two in a match.
G．Roger Federer was my hero, is my hero, and will be my hero.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己心目中的英雄——网球天王罗杰·费德勒。
解析：
1．空前说你有过童年英雄吗？下文又提到Roger, 此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句， 既要对应上文提到的英雄话题， 又要引出下文介绍的罗杰·费德勒， 故G项(罗杰·费德勒以前是我的英雄， 现在是我的英雄， 以后也将是我的英雄。)符合语境。故选G。
2．空前说在37岁的时候， 他本可以轻松地退出这项运动， 过上他想要的舒适生活， 空后又说对于一个网球运动员来说， 没有比他更值得尊敬和钦佩的人了， 这说明他没有退役， 仍然超越自己的极限， 继续在赛场上征战， 故E项(但他一直在超越自己的极限。)符合语境。故选E。
3．空前说从身体上讲， 有很多运动和网球一样具有挑战性， 许多(运动)还需要精神力量， 此处承接上文， 讲的是关于比赛中需要身体力量和精神力量的情况， 而且空后的举例也说明网球单打比赛既需要身体力量也需要精神力量， 故F项(然而， 很少的运动在比赛中需要两者的结合。)符合语境。故选F。
4．空后说乔丹在比赛中有队友和教练的支持， 博尔特也独自一人， 但他的比赛在一分钟内就结束了， 所以， 要想成为一名优秀的网球单打运动员， 你必须独立，对自己有信心， 在压力下保持冷静， 空后拿乔丹和博尔特与费德勒作对比以突出费德勒的伟大， 此处需要一句引语， 引出下文的内容， 故A项(这么说吧。)符合语境。故选A。
5．空后说下次如果有机会看到费德勒现场卫冕， 我会在那里为他加油， 因此此处会提到去现场看费德勒的比赛， 故B项(没有什么比去看一场现场网球赛更好的了。)符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Moon's near side，the one we all see，has been the target of many robotic and human missions.However，its far side，also _1.called_ (call)the dark side because it faces away from the Earth and little _2.is_known_ (know)about，has never been explored.That changed on Jan.2,2019，when Chinese spacecraft Chang'e 4 made a soft landing on _3.what_ is often referred to as the dark side.
The landing is _4.an_ example of China's growing desire _5.to_compete_ (compete)with the American，Russian and European space programs.China also wants to _6.strengthen_ (strength)its position as a regional and international power.
One of the great _7.difficulties_ (difficulty)in exploring the far side of the Moon is that it blocks all radio signals，_8.making_ (make)it impossible to communicate with the Earth.To overcome this difficulty，in 2017，the Chinese National Space Administration launched a satellite to orbit the Moon and relay the signals.Once a _9.reliable_ (rely)communication path was in place，Chang'e 4 could send back information.
Chang'e 4 will make astronomical observations and examine the structure and mineral composition of the ground above and below the surface，_10.which_ researchers believe will provide insights into the solar system's early days and perhaps even the origin of the first stars.
文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章简单介绍嫦娥四号的相关信息及发射使命。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，call作非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语far side为动宾关系，应用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。
2．考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，know与faces并列作谓语，与其主语it为动宾关系，故用被动语态，因陈述现在事实，应用一般现在时被动语态。故填is known。
3．考查名词性从句。此句为宾语此句，从句缺乏主语，故填what。
4．考查不定冠词。example为可数名词，第一次提及，并且以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
5．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，compete作定语修饰desire，故填不定式to compete。
6．考查动词。分析句子可知，不定式to后接动词原形，故填strengthen。
7．考查名词复数。One of后接可数名词复数，difficulty指代具体的，困难的事情，故填复数形式difficulties。
8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，make引导的短语在此作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填现在分词形式making。
9．考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故填reliable。
10．考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，从句中缺乏主语，其中researchers believe为插入语，故填关系代词which。Unit 4　Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.As the income is increasing, the _pattern_(模式) of family life has been changing over recent years.
2．They actually _monitor_(监视) the movement of the fish going up river.
3．In my free time, I'll continue to take _regular_(经常的) exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games.
4．Secondly, we had better try our best to recycle something so that we can have more _resources_(资源) to use.
5．In addition, the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally _limited_(有限的)．
6．After that, what happened to the Amber Room (琥珀屋)remains a _mystery_(谜)．
7．You are required to _attach_(贴，系) an introduction to your invention so that others can know how to use it.
8．If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and _oxygen_(氧气) is often the cause.
9．Are they attempting to limit our work through their _facility_(设备) at this time
10．It would clearly be _fatal_(致命的) for Europe to quarrel seriously with America.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.You should do it _regularly_(regular)．
2．I limit myself _to_three cups of beer a day.
3．She attached a stamp _to_the envelope.
4．They provided some necessary support _for_the sufferers.
5．So from the _global_(globe) perspective，it is very important.
6．He gave up without _argument_(argue)．
7．There are many kinds of _resources_(resource) like coal，tungsten，oil，and copper.
8．How much would you spend _on_sport products
9．I have found the solution _to_this problem.
10．I provide him _with_all his rights.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1._Reading_English_aloud_in the morning will do you a lot of good.
早晨大声朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
2．I don't know_whether_to_accept_or_refuse_the offer.
我不知道是接受还是拒绝这个提议。
3．It is no good_learning_without_practice_.
学而不实践是没用的。
4．As long as you do your best，you never_fail_to_get_what you want.
只要你竭尽全力，一定能够得到你想要的。
5．All of us can _make_a_difference_to our society.
我们所有人都会对我们的社会产生影响。
6．So every one of us has the duty to_fight_against_fake commodities for our society and for ourselves.
因此，为了我们的社会，也为了我们自己，我们每个人都有责任与伪劣产品作斗争。
7．As you will see from my resume, I_meet_the_requirements_for the position.
正如您从我的简历中看到的，我符合这个职位的要求。
8．_In_closing_，I am very grateful to you for your timely help.
最后，我非常感谢你的及时帮助。
9．It rained heavily yesterday._As_a_result_，the train was delayed.
昨天下大雨了。所以，火车延误了。
10．It took them almost five years _to_finish_building the dam.
建完大坝花了他们几乎五年的时间。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Step into Moving to Mars，an exhibition of Mars mission and colony design at London's Design Museum，and immediately you have good reasons not to move there.
Frightening glowing wall-texts announce that Mars wasn't made for you；that there is no life and precious little water；that，dressed in a spacesuit，you will never touch，taste or smell the planet you now call “home”．As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago，“What's different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die”．
It is an odd beginning for such a celebratory exhibition，but it provides a valuable，dark background against which the rest of the show can sparkle (闪耀)—a show that is ，as its chief manager Justin remarks，“not about Mars，this is an exhibition about people”．
Moving along，there is a quick yet clear flash through what the science-fiction writer Robinson calls“the history of Mars in the human mind”．A Babylonian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak to early ideas about the planet.A poster for the original Total Recall film reminds us of Mars's psychological threat.
The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and models of 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clothing and furniture.Mission architectures and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant for the International Space Station are wall-mounted beside a low-gravity table that has yet to leave，and may indeed never leave，Earth.
This，of course，is the great strength of approaching science through design：reality and assumption can be given equal visual weight，drawing us into an informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。
1．What is the text mainly intended to tell us？_D_
A．How to move to Mars.
B．How to survive on Mars.
C．What preparations we made for Mars.
D．What the exhibition of Mars truly tells us.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Step into Moving to Mars，an exhibition of Mars mission and colony design at London's Design Museum，and immediately you have good reasons not to move there.”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况，故选D项。
2．What can we learn from Lisa Grossman？_A_
A．It's impossible to live on Mars.
B．It's no good settling on Mars.
C．You have nothing to do living on Mars.
D．You can live on Mars in spacesuit.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago，‘What's different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die’．”可知，从Lisa Grossman的话中我们能了解到在火星上生活是不可能的，故选A项。
3．What does the exhibition focus on？_A_
A．The current plans for Mars.
B．The advantages of living on Mars.
C．The early ideas about Mars.
D．The history of Mars in the human mind.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.”可知，展览的重点是关于火星目前的计划，故选A项。
4．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph？_B_
A．An experience.　 B．An opinion.
C．A fantasy. D．A solution.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“reality and assumption can be given equal visual weight，drawing us into an informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.”可知，作者在最后一段想告诉我们一个观点，故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have fixed a hole in the shell of its outer wall.The ISS is a large satellite in space _1.where_ scientists live to do scientific experiments.The first part of it _2.was_put_(put) into space in 1998.Last week，NASA warned astronauts on the ISS that air was _3.slowly_(slow) leaking out of the station.Astronaut Alexander Gerst and five other astronauts spent a lot of time _4.looking_(look) for the leak.Mr. Gerst eventually found it and he put his finger over the hole.Luckily，the hole was only two millimeters wide，so it was not serious，but it did need _5.fixing/to_be_fixed_(fix)．
The hole was in a Russian Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft.NASA said it could have been caused _6.by_ a small piece of space junk.The ISS travels at _7.a_speed of around 28, 000 kph.Even a tiny object _8.hitting_ (hit) it can cause a lot of damage.Flight _9.controllers_ (control) in the USA and Russia worked together with the crew to repair the hole.
A NASA official said the crew on the ISS are _10.healthy_(health) and safe after the repair.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局警告国际空间站上的宇航员， 空气正缓慢地从空间站泄漏出来。美国和俄罗斯的飞行控制人员与机组人员一起修复了这个洞。
解析：
1．考查定语从句。scientists live to do scientific experiments.是一个定语从句， 修饰先行词a large satellite, 关系词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
2．考查动词时态和语态。描述发生在过去的事情， 用一般过去时； “它的第一部分”和“送入太空”之间是被动关系， 用被动语态， 故填was put。
3．考查副词。句意： 上周， 美国国家航空航天局警告国际空间站上的宇航员， 空气正缓慢地从空间站泄漏出来。修饰动词短语leaking out, 用副词， 故填slowly。
4．考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事， 该句型是固定句型， 故填looking。
5．考查非谓语动词。need doing＝need to be done意为“需要做某事”， 该用法是固定用法， 故填fixing/to be fixed。
6．考查介词。表示“由……(造成)”用by。故填by。
7．考查固定短语。at a speed of意为“以……的速度”， 该短语是固定短语。故填a。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意： 即使是一个很小的物体击中它也会造成很大的伤害。(hit) it作定语， 修饰a tiny object, “一个很小的物体”和“击中”之间是主动关系， 用现在分词作定语， 故填hitting。
9．考查名词复数。句意： 美国和俄罗斯的飞行控制人员与机组人员一起修复了这个洞。该空作句子主语， 用名词， “控制人员”是复数意义， 用名词复数。故填controllers。
10．考查形容词。句意： 美国国家航空航天局的一名官员说， 国际空间站上的工作人员在修复了洞之后是健康且安全的。作be动词后的表语， 用形容词。故填healthy。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A MOTHER'S DAY SURPRISE
The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day.How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed.They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge.They had watched their mother in the kitchen.There was nothing to it.Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.
The big day came at last.The alarm rang at 6 a．m.The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen.They decided to boil the porridge first.They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast.Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk.Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture.Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan.Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread.The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds.Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.Jenna panicked.Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly.But the stove was a mess now.Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge.But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain.Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.Then she caught the smell of burning.Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared._______________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.____________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.Father's appearing was like a savior to the two children.Under the guidance of their father, they took positive actions and started all over again.They made the bread and then went on cooking porridge.Father helped them adjust the fire, which was the key to success.It was all right this time.Delicious breakfast was ready.How happy they were!
Paragraph 2：
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her, she was very surprised.It was not only the gift, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much.The two children could finish cooking a breakfast, which she didn't expect.The children said loudly, “Happy Mother's Day！” Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again.(共68张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅲ　Listening and Talking，
Reading for Writing
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．_________ vt. 回收利用；再利用→_______ n. 循环； 自行车
2．________ n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
3．______ n.缺乏；短缺；vt.没有；缺乏
4．_______ vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
5．___________ adv. 否则；要不然
6．________ prep.在更远处；超出
7．_______ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
recycle
cycle
muscle
lack
float
otherwise
beyond
solar
8．_________ adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮→___________ adv. 现时； 目前； 当前； 时下
9．____________ adj.足够的；充足的
10．_______ n.毛巾；抹布
11．________ n.纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
12．__________ n. 设施；设备
13．_______ n.地球；世界；地球仪→________ adj. 全球的； 全世界的
current
currently
sufficient
towel
tissue
facility
globe
global
14．_______ vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→__________ n.争论；争吵；论点
15．_______ adj. 致命的；灾难性的→______ n. 命中注定的事(尤指坏事); 命运的安排； 命运
16．_________ adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．_________ n. 模式；图案；模范
18．_________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
19．___________ adv. 经常；定期地→_________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→___________ adj.不规则的；无规律的→____________ n.规章，规则，条例
argue
argument
fatal
fate
shallow
pattern
monitor
regularly
regular
irregular
regulation
20．________ n. 枕头
21．____________ n.智能手机
22．__________ n. 资源；财力；物力
23．_________ adj.有限的→_______ vt.& n.限制→___________ adj.无限的→___________ adj.无限制的；无止境的
24．_________ adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭
25．_________ n. 神秘事物；谜→____________ adj.神秘的
26．________ vt. 系；绑；贴
27．________ n. 氧；氧气
pillow
smartphone
resource
limited
limit
unlimited
limitless
closing
mystery
mysterious
attach
oxygen
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．solar ________太阳系；类太阳系
2．figure _____弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
3．result ____导致；造成
4．as ___ result所以；结果(是)
5．provide _____ sb.提供生活所需
6．____ closing 最后
7．run _____用完；耗尽
8．look forward ____期望；期待；盼望
system
out
in
a
for
in
out
to
9．be curious _______对……好奇
10．plenty ____大量；许多
11．know _______了解；知道……的情况
12．make ___ difference有影响；有重要作用
13．___ number of若干；许多
14．____ present目前；现在
about
of
about
a
a
at
Ⅲ.重点句型
　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, __________ ______________________________.
由于地球上的资源会消耗殆尽，所以在太空中为人们找到一个新家是有必要的。
as the
resources on Earth will run out
Ⅳ.课文预读
1．Why do some people argue against space exploration？___
A．They think the world is too poor.
B．They argue that the earth is too heavily polluted.
C．They think it a waste of money and time.
D．They worry that some fatal diseases will be taken into space.
C
2．How can exploring space help fight against hunger？___
A．The scientists analyse the data recorded by satellites and provide useful suggestions for farmers.
B．Satellites orbiting Earth can help fight against severe weather.
C．improving output of crops.
D．The scientists invent some useful equipment to help with farming.
A
3．By regarding our planet as an island in a black sea，people will realise that ___.
A．we have such a rapidly increasing population
B．the resources are so limited
C．it is hard to find other planets as our new home
D．life on Mars will be nicer than that on Earth
4．According to the passage，which of the following items is NOT the benefit caused by space exploration？___
A．Machines in factories. B．Memory foam pillows.
C．Smartphone cameras D．Heart monitors.
B
A
课内要点探究
I'm not worried about her lack of experience—we can easily train her.
我一点也不担心她缺少经验，我们可以很容易地培训她。
Their trip was cancelled for lack of money.
因为缺钱他们的旅行被取消了。
The reason why he failed in the driving test was that he lacked confidence in himself.
他驾照考试失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。
重 点 单 词
1.lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
(1)(a) lack of...缺乏/少……
for lack of...因缺乏……
(2)lack sth.缺乏/少某物
(3)lacking adj.(不用于名词前)缺乏，不足
be lacking in...缺乏……
lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
lack作名词时，其后接介词of。
单句语法填空
①(2020·天津市耀华中学期末)Although _________(lack) the support of the banks, Mike managed to save his company with the help of his friends.
②They gave up carrying out the plan _____ lack of money.
③The real trouble lies in their lack ____ confidence in their abilities.
lacking
for
of
一句多译
汤姆尽管缺乏信心，但尽了一切努力，最终梦想成真。
④Though Tom ____________________he made every effort and his dream came true at last.
⑤In spite of _________________________Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last.
lacked confidence
(a) lack of confidence
I have only a limited understanding of French.
我只懂得一点儿法语。
The amount of money we have is limited.
我们现有的钱不多。
2．limited adj.有限的
(1)limit vt.限制；限定 n.限制；范围，界限(常作复数)
limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
set a limit to/on sth.对……限定范围
within the limits of...在……范围内
beyond the limit超过限度；超越极限
There is a/no limit to/on...对……是有/无限度的(to是介词)
(2)unlimited adj.尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的
limitless adj.无限制的；无止境的
limitation n.限制；控制；局限
单句语法填空
①Time is _________(limit), so we must get down to work now.
②The universe is becoming bigger all the time, so it is ___________ (limit)．
③There is a limit ______what one person can do.
④(2021·浙江卷七选五)Many people in China ______________(limit)exposure to English
limited
limitless
to/on
have limited
完成句子
⑤The noise of your radio must_______________(限定在) a level that we can all bear.
⑥We must __________________(控制)the expense of the trip.
⑦I'll help as much as I can, but_____________________(对……是有限的)what I can do.
be limited to
set a limit to/on
there's a limit to/on
Please attach these labels to your hand luggage.
请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。
I will attach a document to the letter.
我将把文件附在信上。
He is deeply attached to the old camera.
他非常爱惜那个旧相机。
This middle school is attached to a normal college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
Parents attach much importance to education.
父母认为教育很重要。
3．attach vt.系；绑；贴
(1)attach...to...把……固定在/附在……上
attach(great/little)importance/significance/value/weight to认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)attached adj.附加的；附属的；依恋的
be attached to喜欢；附属于；为……工作
(3)attachment n.附属品；爱慕；连接(物)
以上attach短语中的to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空
①Attach a recent photo____the application form.
②We've grown very __________(attach) to this village and won't want to move.
③To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to __________ (become) rich and famous.
④The ____________(attach) of the new engine to the car only took a few minutes.
to
attached
becoming
attachment
完成句子
⑤My youngest brother________________(喜欢) collecting rocket models.
⑥The school________________(附属于)Beijing Normal University.
⑦I _____________________________________(不把……当回事儿)these rumours.
is attached to
is attached to
don't attach any importance/significance to
Can you figure out the answer to the question
你能想出这个问题的答案吗？
I still can't figure out why she burst into tears yesterday.
我仍然想不明白她昨天为什么会突然大哭起来。
My father is trying to figure out his tax.
我的父亲正在努力计算他的税额。
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
你算出来旅行要花多少费用了吗？
重 点 短 语
1．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；合计；计算出；想出
“动词＋out”型的其他短语：
break out(战争、灾难等)爆发；发生
bring out使显示；出版；生产
come out出现；出版；结果是
give out分发；分布；用完；耗尽
leave out遗漏，省略
look out/watch out当心；留神
make out勉强看出、听出；理解；弄清楚
pick out精心挑选；辨别出
point out指出
set out出发，动身；(怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
turn out制造； 生产；原来是；结果是
work out算出；想出；制定出；锻炼；解决；产生结果；被证明有效
写出句中figure out的含义
①Please help me to figure out my income tax. __________
②I'm busy now.You should figure out a way to solve the problem.
__________
③I can't figure out why he gave up the well-paid job. __________
计算出
想出
弄清楚
单句语法填空
④I couldn't figure _____ what made our boss so angry at the meeting.
⑤We need to study and figure out how ____________(promote) our products.
用含out的有关短语填空
⑥When the Second World War ____________my grandfather was at university.
⑦When we climbed to the top of Mount Tai，my legs __________.
out
to promote
broke out
gave out
⑧The book has been translated into more than 30 languages since it __________ in 1945.
⑨It was so foggy that the driver could hardly __________ the way ahead.
⑩To keep fit, the famous actress spends about two hours ____________ every day.
He said he was a general; but later he ____________ to be a cheat.
While crossing the street, you must _________________ for the cars.
came out
make out
working out
turned out
look out/watch out
We should look forward to the future.
我们应该展望未来。
I look forward to paying you a visit next week.
我期待着下星期去拜访你。
2．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
look forward to 中的 to 为介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
to 为介词的短语：
pay attention to 注意
devote...to...致力于……
prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……
contribute to...为……做贡献；投稿，有助于；促成
belong to属于
get down to...着手做……
lead to通向，导致
object to反对
refer to谈判，涉及，参考，查阅
完成句子
①(2017·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空)Sarah Thomas _______________________ the challenge of her new A-level course.
莎拉·托马斯期待着她新的高级课程的挑战。
②He was already ___________________________ (practice)the new music.
他已经在盼望着练习这首新曲子了。
is looking forward to
looking forward to practicing
③(2019·天津3月卷写作)Today I'd like to introduce a book to you which I like much—The Five Thousand Years History, which ____________ history books.
今天我想给你们介绍一本书，我很喜欢的《五千年的历史》，它属于历史书。
④(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读)The trend，then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term ______________ papers made widely available to the public.
当时的趋势是“便士报纸”，这个术语指的是对公众广泛开放的报纸。
belongs to
referring to
Positive thinking and action result in success.
积极的思想和行动导致成功。
The accident resulted in the death of two people.
这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
3．result in导致；造成
result in(＝lead to＝contribute to)导致，引起(其后接结果)
result from(＝lie in)由……产生，存在于(其后接原因)
as a result所以；结果(是)
as a result of因为；由于
result in与result from
as a result与as a result of
as a result“因此，结果(是)”，单独使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
as a result of“作为……的结果，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
完成句子
①The fire _____________(造成) damage to their property.
②His great discovery_____________________(缘于) his determination and devotion to science.
③Stress and tiredness often___________________________(导致) a lack of concentration.
一句多译
他的失败是工作不够努力造成的。
④_____________________________________________
⑤______________________________________________
resulted in
resulted from/lay in
result in/lead to/contribute to
Not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
重 点 句 型
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.
由于地球上的资源会消耗殆尽，所以有必要为人类在太空中找到一个新家。
(1)在此句式中it为形式主语，不定式短语to find a new home...为真正的主语。
it作形式主语时的常用句型：it＋is＋形容词/名词/分词＋to do/doing/that从句。
注意：在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语只能用it，不能用this，that或其他代词。
it作形式主语而从句是真正主语的常见句式：
It is a pity/surprise/wonder...that...
It is likely/surprising/interesting...that...
It is said/believed/reported...that...
(2)as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时，表示“因为，由于”，所表示的理由较弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。
As she wrote hurriedly, she didn't notice the spelling errors.
因为写得仓促，她没有注意到拼写错误。
As he was tired, he went to bed at once.
因为累了，他立即就去睡觉了。
Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.
人人都喜欢你，因为你不仅善良，而且诚实。
完成句子
①__________________ he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.
很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的同意就拿走了那些书。
②It is no use _________(recite) the key points without understanding them.
背诵这些要点而不理解它们是没用的。
③___________________ the girl is attached to the toy selected by her mother.
很显然，小女孩喜欢妈妈选的这个玩具。
It's strange that
reciting
It is obvious that
④_____________________ smoking does harm to our health.
人们相信吸烟对我们的健康有害。
⑤Some pressure is good for you _________________________ try harder.
有一些压力对你是有好处的，因为它可以帮助你更加努力。
写出下列句中as引导的从句类型
It is believed that
as/since it can help you
⑥—Coach, can I continue with the training
—Sorry, you can't as you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
_______________
⑦As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. _______________
⑧Will you please do the experiment as I am doing？______________
原因状语从句
时间状语从句
方式状语从句
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Universities call all the students to learn to _________(回收利用) all the waste paper.
2．To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen your leg _________(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
3．Many people ______(缺乏) the awareness of wildlife protection, resulting in hunting the animals illegally.
4．There is a lot of rubbish __________(漂浮) on the surface of the river.
recycle
muscles
lack
floating
5．The topic you choose should not be too narrow.___________(否则), it is very difficult to accumulate (积累)stamps around the topic.
6．The price of the house is so high that it is well ________(超出) our range.
7．To catch up with the times, we must keep ourselves informed of the _________(目前的) news.
8．The money to build the power station ought to have been ____________(足够的)．
Otherwise
beyond
current
sufficient
9．They ________(辩论) for two days on the end but didn't reach any agreement.
10．He is a _________(肤浅的) thinker whose opinions aren't worth much.
argued
shallow
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津卷)She was curious _______ how the experts did it.
2．(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________(globe) fertilizer consumption.
3．(2017·北京卷)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a ____________(different) in the world.
4．(2020·江苏卷)As ___ result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.
5．(2019·江苏卷)However, they have real impacts, as they result ____ misguided use of scarce resources.
about
global
difference
a
in
6．You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself ___ number of questions.
7．(2017 ·江苏卷)A computer __________(analyse)blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
8．(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)The US Fish and Wildlife Service carefully __________ (monitor) and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.
9．(2018·浙江11月卷)Urban students, meanwhile，___________ (regular) had as many as 48 weeks of study a year，with one break per quarter.
10．(2017·北京卷)Parents ought to be able to opt out only for _________ (limit) medical or religious reasons.
a
analysis
monitors
regularly
limited
Ⅲ.选词填空
run out of，as a result， figure out，result in，attach...to， for lack of， in closing
1．They failed to finish the procedure _____________ experience.
2．He was too careless，and, _____________，he made a fatal mistake.
3．His carelessness _____________ the terrible accident that happened last night.
for lack of
as a result
resulted in
4．I am ________________ money.I have to go home and ask my father for some.
5．Most parents ________ great importance ____ their children's education so that they can have a bright future.
6．____________，we followed the signals and found the agency.
7．It is difficult to ____________ a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.
running out of
attach
to
In closing
figure out
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The pollution of the river has _____________ unsafe drinking water.
河流的污染导致饮用水不安全。
2．______________I finally succeeded.
结果，我最终成功了。
3．We cannot just _________ of money six months later.
我们不能在六个月后就把钱花光。
resulted in
As a result
run out
4．______________Class of 2002, we would like to leave you with some words of wisdom.
2002届的同学们，最后，我们将留给你们一些至理名言。
5．He himself ______________ such a big family by selling newspapers.
他靠卖报纸养活了这么一个大家庭。
In closing
provided for
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People hold different views on whether much money and energy should be spent in 1.__________(explore) space. In fact, exploring space has already made a great difference in our life.Now a number of satellites 2.___________ (orbit) Earth, many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide 3._______ (use) recommendations and advice for farmers. 4.____ a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts 5.________ (grow) enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.
exploring
are orbiting
useful
As
to grow
Space exploration has a big impact on our life.High-end products are made to a higher standard because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the 6._____________(require) for space exploration. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows, 7.____ smartphone cameras are changing our lives.
requirements
and
Sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems.Seeing pictures of our planet as 8.___ island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.In order to provide for such a 9.________ (rapid) increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets 10.__________ could one day be our new home.All in all, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
an
rapidly
that/which
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。“spend...in doing...”为固定结构，表示“花费金钱/精力等做某事”。故填exploring。
2．考查动词的时态和语态。空处在句中作谓语，结合时间状语Now以及语境可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时；satellites为复数形式，与orbit之间为主谓关系，故填are orbiting。
3．考查形容词。空处作定语修饰recommendations and advice，故填形容词useful。
4．考查介词。as a result为固定搭配，表示“因此”，故填As。
5．考查非谓语动词。in an/one's effort to do sth.为固定短语，故填to grow。
6．考查名词的数。requirement在此表示“必要条件，必备的条件”，是可数名词，且根据语境可知，此处应用复数形式，故填requirements。
7．考查连词。由语境可知，smartphone cameras与前面的GPS，memory foam pillows为并列关系，故填and。
8．考查冠词。island为可数名词，此处泛指一座岛屿，且island的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
9．考查副词。空处修饰increasing，应用副词，表示增长迅速，故填rapidly。
10．考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰planets，并在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
夯基提能作业(共33张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅱ　Discovering Useful Structures
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
随堂达标验收
单元语法精析
语法点拨
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。
动词不定式作定语和状语
以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：
主动形式 被动形式 说明
一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing / 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生且正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
一、动词不定式用作定语
1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
2．名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。
3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4．当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
I usually have a lot of meeting to attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
We need someone to go and get a doctor.
我们需要有人去请医生。
6．当名词与定语有同位关系时。
We got the order to leave the city.
我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。
单句语法填空
①The airport _________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
②Do you have anything _______(do) tonight
③The best way ____________(improve) your English is to join an English club.
to be completed
to do
to improve
二、动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1．目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。
不定式作目的状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
I said that to encourage him.
我这么说是为了鼓励他。
(2)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。如用于表示否定，in order或so as不能省略，用in order not to do或so as not to do形式。
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。
(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order that或so...that...引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2．原因状语，多见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do...”结构句中。
I was very sad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很难过。
3．结果状语，多见于“too...to”；“enough to...”；only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such...as to(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。
I'm too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
He is old enough to go to school.
他到上学的年龄了。
He rushed back, only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。
She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
4．独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
I'd like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.
我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
她急切地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。
(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。
His father passed away, leaving him a little money.
他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。
单句语法填空
①He came _________(show) me his new science book.
②Our English teacher has many ways_________(make) her class interesting.
③The doctors are busy doing what they can _________(save) the dying man.
④__________(catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
⑤__________(avoid) any delay, please phone for your order directly.
to show
to make
to save
To catch
To avoid
⑥Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _________(talk) over what is bothering them.
⑦I'll write down his telephone number so as not ___________(forget)it.
⑧This was the best book for him _________(read)，which made him very happy.
⑨I went inside, excited to tell grandpa about what I'd done, only _________(find) he was sleeping.
⑩However, reading novels is not the only way ____________(improve) your English.
to talk
to forget
to read
to find
to improve
语法专练
单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津卷)Greatness comes from a lasting desire____________ (explore)．
2．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Her husband worked two jobs __________(cover) the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
3．(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt ____________(control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
to explore
to cover
to control
4．(2020·天津卷)_________(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
5．(2018·北京卷)During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together __________(share)a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
6．__________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
7．_________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
To help
to share
To catch
To make
8．(2019·江苏卷)The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough _________(give) a unique Chinese flavour(特色)．
9．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _________(save)their valuable time.
10．(2018·北京卷)The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance _________(earn) their Aviation badge.
to give
to save
to earn
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The kind woman is easy ________(get) along with and we all like her.
2．He was too disappointed __________(speak)when he heard the news.
3．The man downstairs found it difficult________(get) to sleep.
4．The astronaut seems to have a lot__________(worry) about.
5．I'm sorry _________(keep) you waiting there for so long a time.
to get
to speak
to get
to worry
to keep
6．He was the first ___________(arrive) and the last __________(leave) in our company.
7．The best way ____________(improve) your English is to join an English club.
8．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only _________(tell) that it was being decorated.
9．I had a chance __________(visit) the Great Wall last month.
10．The girl was so kind as _________(help) the old man off the bus.
to arrive
to leave
to improve
to tell
to visit
to help
Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子
1．He is the teacher ___________________________.
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2．I have nothing _________________________.
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3．The whole family went to beach ________________________.
全家人去海滩度周末。
4．We shall be very happy __________________________________.
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
to teach us English next term
to say on this question
to spend their weekend
to cooperate with you in the project
5．The next plane ___________ is from New York.
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6．He is always ______________________ and last to leave the office.
他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。
7．There are enough chairs for the guests ___________.
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
8．We are delighted _________ that you're going to visit us next month.
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
to arrive
the first to come to
to sit on
to know
9．The tea is __________________.
这茶太热了，不能喝。
10．He lifted a rock only ____________________________.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
too hot to drink
to drop it on his own feet
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想，请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang：I 1．______________________(很高兴得知) you are interested in the space exploration.
Li：Indeed, I'd like to be an astronaut in the future.
Zhang：Sounds good. 2.________________________(要想成为一名宇航员), you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut.
am delighted to know
To become an astronaut
Li：Yes.First of all, I should study hard 3.___________________ _________(为了得到一个相关的大学学位)．Besides, I must take exercise every day 4._________________(来保持健康)．
Zhang：Exactly.Have you heard Yang Liwei, who is the first man in China 5.__________________(进入太空), went through lots of mental and physical training.
Li：Of course.He is really a hero.He realized our dream 6.___________ _______ (探索太空)．
to get a related college
degree
to keep healthy
to go into space
to explore
space
夯基提能作业Unit 4　Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
As we all know，science is blooming more strongly than ever.Recently，NASA astronaut Scott Kelly showed a photo of the orange zinnia (百日菊)on Twitter.It is the first flower to ever bloom in space and has attracted much attention all over the world.This may be the most exciting news in the field of science.The zinnia in the picture is so beautiful and looks similar to that on earth.Kelly cared for it for more than a month.
The Veggie plant growth facility chose the zinnia flower species because it has a longer growth cycle.As a result，it can help scientists understand how plants flower and develop in microgravity(微重力)．
“While the plants haven't grown perfectly, ” said Gioia Massa，NASA science team leader for Veggie，“I think we have gained a lot from this，and we are learning both more about plants and fluids and also how better to operate between ground and the station.”
This was not the first time that scientists had attempted to grow zinnia in space.Other astronauts aboard the International Space Station ( ISS ) began growing the colorful flowers last year.However，due to high humidity (湿度)and low air movement in space，the zinnia leaked (渗透)water out of the tips of the leaves.What was worse，the spread of harmful bacteria was destroying its growth badly.Kelly then took over the operation and began taking care of the zinnia as he would in his own garden.
The ISS also successfully grew red romaine lettuce in July 2015.Kelly even took a bite of the harvested plants and posted the photo on his Twitter.NASA's new experiment using the Veggie plant growth system will be started later.Astronauts will attempt to grow Chinese cabbages.The space agency will then attempt to grow dwarf tomatoes in 2018.
文章大意：美国航天局宇航员在网上发了一张照片， 展示了有史以来在太空中开放的首朵花——一支橙色的百日菊。
1．Why does the zinnia cause public concern？_D_
A．It is the first life to be found in space.
B．It is the first plant to ever grow in space.
C．It is the first zinnia to ever grow in space.
D．It is the first flower to ever bloom in space.
解析：细节理解题。由第一段的“It is the first flower to ever bloom in space and has attracted much attention all over the world.”可知， 这张橙色百日菊照片展示的是在太空中开放的第一朵花 , 引起了世界关注。故选D。
2．Why did scientists choose to grow the zinnia？_D_
A．It was easy to grow.
B．Astronauts liked it most.
C．Other plants died in space.
D．It lived longer than other flowers.
解析：细节理解题。由第二段的“The Veggie plant growth facility chose the zinnia flower species because it has a longer growth cycle.”可知， 之所以选中百日菊， 是因为它生长周期更长， 科学家能有更多时间观察植株在微重力状态下的生长情况。故选D。
3．What can we learn from the text？_A_
A．More plants will grow in space.
B．The conditions in space are good for plant growth.
C．Scott Kelly isn't experienced in planting flowers.
D．Gioia Massa doesn't think much of the experiment.
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段的“NASA's new experiment using the Veggie plant growth system will be started later.Astronauts will attempt to grow Chinese cabbages.The space agency will then attempt to grow dwarf tomatoes in 2018.”可知未来将会有更多植物在太空生长。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the next 50 years，we are going to send more and better robots to Mars._1.E_ There is a limit to what robots can tell us，though，so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.
Before people can visit Mars，we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there._2.A_ Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the sun，it could take between six months to a year to get there.
The moon is much closer，and we were there more than 40 years ago.Over the next 10 years，we are going to work on building a new spacecraft._3.D_
Once we return to the moon，we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the moon for months at a time.This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars._4.G_
By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut，we will have people spending months on the moon.By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission，we will be taking trips to Mars.By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts，we may have people living on Mars.Wouldn't it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars？_5.C_
A．Mars is very far away.
B．People will go to live on Mars one day.
C．Wouldn't it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard
D．Using this craft，we will practice the skills we need to go to Mars.
E．Those robots will send back better pictures，maps，and weather reports.
F．It would be possible for us to go to Mars in a spacecraft in the near future.
G．However，it is also important because it gives us practice with living away from Earth.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。在探索火星的过程中，由于机器人本身所限，它们无法告诉人们想知道的一切，因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。
解析：
1．根据文章第一句话“we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.”可知，选项E中提到“Those robots”，与上文意思自然衔接。故选E。
2．根据第二段“it could take between six months to a year to get there.”可知，这里谈的是地球到火星的距离，所以A项符合语境。故选A。
3．根据上文的“we are going to work on building a new spacecraft”可知，D项中的“Using this craft，...”与此语意相符。故选D。
4．上文提到“This is important...”，G项中的“However，it is also important...”与上文形成排比关系。故选G。
5．解答该题的关键词是postcard，C项“如果发贺卡的人是你那不是更酷吗？”语境相符。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future and wanted to make a _1.B_ in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that.That's _2.C_ I learned about the Lighthouse Project.
I started my _3.A_ as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous _4.A_.I knew it would be hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time._5.D_,_I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project _6.B_.
I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application.After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to _7.C_ among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for the _8.A_.I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria.
After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and _9.B_ in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food _10.A_ I were their own family.I was asked to _11.B_ a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so, I _12.D_ in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my _13.C_ than they did from me.
Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or _14.D_ to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and returned to the United States as a _15.B_ man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在Lighthouse Project当志愿者的经历，这次经历使作者与众不同，改变了作者的人生。
1．A.contribution　　　　 　 　 B．difference
C．change D．attempt
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：和许多新毕业的大学生一样，我怀着对未来的希望离开了大学，想以某种方式让世界有所不同，但我不知道该怎么做。 A．contribution贡献；B.difference不同；C.change改变；D.attempt试图。故选B。
2．A.why B．how
C．when D．where
解析：考查表语从句。句意：那是我了解到Lighthouse Project的时候。_2_I learned about the Lighthouse Project.是一个表语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，用when，故选C。
3．A.journey B．career
C．occupation D．business
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：作为Lighthouse Project的志愿者，通过尽可能多地阅读以前志愿者的经历，我开始了我的旅程。A.journey旅行；B.career 职业；C.occupation职业；D.business生意。故选A。
4．A.volunteers B．fellows
C．graduates D．applicants
解析：考查名词辨析。 句意：同上题。A.volunteers志愿者；B.fellows研究员；C.graduates毕业生；D.applicants申请人。故选A。
5．A.In turn B．In reward
C．In honor D．In short
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：总之，我并没有轻率地决定申请Lighthouse Project。A.In turn依次；B.In reward作为报酬；C.In honor为了纪念；D.In short总之。故选D。
6．A.seriously B．lightly
C．hurriedly D．cautiously
解析：考查副词辨析。句意：同上题。A.seriously严重地；B.lightly容易地；C.hurriedly匆忙地；D.cautiously慎重地。take...lightly 轻率地处理某事，故选B。
7．A.stick out B．turn out
C．stand out D．pick out
解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据“and survive the test alone.”可知这里意思是我成功地在候选人中脱颖而出。A.stick out醒目；B.turn out结果是；C.stand out脱颖而出；D.pick out挑选出。故选C。
8．A.duty B．call
C．application D．responsibility
解析：考查固定短语。句意：几个月后，我终于接到一个电话，让我去报到。report for the duty报到，该短语是固定短语，故选A。
9．A.instantly B．desperately
C．severely D．timely
解析：考查副词辨析。 句意：训练结束后，我被送到一个小村庄，那里迫切需要合适的住处。A.instantly立即地；B.desperately极度地；C.severely严重地；D.timely及时的。故选B。
10．A.as if B．even if
C．just as D．what if
解析：考查连词辨析。句意：虽然当地的村民很穷，但他们把自己的家、心和食物都给了我，就好像我是他们自己的家人一样。A.as if好像；B.even if虽然；C.just as正像；D.what if假使……将会怎么样。故选A。
11．A.convince B．lead
C．gather D．undertake
解析：考查动词辨析。句意：我被要求带领一群当地村民建造校舍。A.convince说服；B.lead带领；C.gather聚集；D.undertake 承担。故选B。
12．A.studied B．survived
C．supported D．taught
解析：考查动词辨析。 句意：在接下来的一年左右的时间里，我在这所建好的学校教书。A.studied学习；B.survived幸存；C.supported支持；D.taught教书。由文章开头可知作者已经大学毕业，所以应是在学校教书。故选D。
13．A.villagers B．colleagues
C．students D．competitors
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我觉得我从学生那里学到的比我教给学生的更多。A.villagers村民；B.colleagues同事；C.students学生；D.competitors竞争者。故选C。
14．A.familiar B．similar
C．cruel D．unusual
解析：考查形容词辨析。那些原本对我来说看上去很陌生或很不寻常的东西，已经不再陌生或奇怪。A.familiar熟悉的；B.similar相似的；C.cruel残酷的；D.unusual不寻常的。故选D。
15．A.smart B．different
C．helpful D．professional
解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：回到美国我变成了一个与以往不同的人。A.smart聪明的；B.different不同的；C.helpful有帮助的；D.professional职业的。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Any bird that crossed his path would be eaten by Rex, a German shepherd.Rex_1.was_rescued_(rescue) from his previous shelter, where he was going to be put down after a biting incident.Last year, he_2.eventually_(eventual) arrived at Puriton Horse and Animal Rescue.
Geraldine was a goose abandoned by owners who could no longer put up _3.with_ her.She wasn't exactly the picture of _4.warmth_(warm), either, when she arrived at the same shelter three months ago.The dog and the goose were individually given labels like cruel and dangerous.Neither seemed particularly harmonious with humans or even members of their own species.
But when the two_5.annoying_(annoy) creatures were offered a chance to hang out together, something magical happened.They chased each other when first _6.introduced_(introduce), but Geraldine stood up for herself and that was that.They just fell in love with each other.
“I've been doing rescue work since 1997 and seen all_7.kinds_(kind) of strange animal behavior, but I've never seen anything like this，” said Sheila Brislin, _8.who_is the founder of the shelter.“It's so amusing to see them because they love each other to bits.They are very affectionate.She just_9.runs_ (run) around alongside him all day long and whenever we take him for _10.a_walk in the woods she has to come, too.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。任何穿过Rex路的鸟都会被德国牧羊犬Rex吃掉。文章叙述的是Rex和其他动物相处的故事。
解析：
1．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：Rex从他以前的避难所中被救出，在一次咬人的事件后，他将被杀死。句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语是Rex，单数第三人称形式，故填was rescued。
2．考查副词。此处arrived是动词，副词修饰动词，故填eventually。
3．考查固定词组。put up with忍受，故填with。
4．考查名词。句意：三个月前，当她到达同一个收容所时，她也不是那种温暖感觉。结合句意此处用名词形式，故填warmth。
5．考查形容词。句意：但是，当这两种令人讨厌的生物被提供一个一起出去玩的机会时，神奇的事情发生了。annoying讨厌的，故填annoying。
6．考查过去分词做时间状语。句意：当他们第一次被介绍时，他们互相追逐。句子主语They 和introduce之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做时间状语，故填introduced。
7．考查固定词组。all kinds of各种各样的，故填kinds。
8．考查非限制性定语从句。此处Sheila Brislin是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制定语从句中做主语，故填who。
9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她整天和他在一起，每当我们带他到树林里散步的时候，她也要来。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，句子主语是she，故填runs。
10．考查不定冠词。句意：同上题。for a walk散步，故填a。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假设你是李华，你校在学生中征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设tablet computer课堂(tablet computer classrooms)。你支持开设，请给校长写一封建议信，要点如下：
(1)资源丰富；
(2)促进交流；
(3)利于环保；
(4)其他理由。
注意：(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Headmaster，
We have been asked about our opinions on opening tablet computer classrooms.___________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Headmaster，
We_have_been_asked_about_our_opinions_on_opening_tablet_computer_classrooms. I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.
To begin with, everyone learns differently. Students can customize their tablet computers with materials that fit their level and learning style, and thus tailor it to different needs. Moreover, when connected to the Internet, students can interact with teachers and classmates about what they learn more conveniently. For the sake of environmental protection, opening tablet computer classrooms is a good way to save trees that have been cut down for paper. Most importantly, I believe students will develop their interests in the subjects by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and we look forward to attending a tablet computer class.
Yours，
Li_Hua(共32张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅳ　写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，企图说服他人。高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下几点：
1．论点要鲜明、确切，一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点，论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证。
如何写议论文
2．论据要充分、可靠。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语、格言、名人名言作为论据。
3．论证要严密、得法。归纳法和演绎法是议论文常用的论证方法。归纳法以例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法。演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来。
【常用表达】
第一部分，套用相关句型来引出议论。
1．Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether...
2．These years, some students are interested in...
3．Now, some people hold the view that...
4．I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about...
5．There are two opinions on it.
6．Opinions are divided on the question.
第二部分，采用关联词和句型列举事实依据，采用正反对比或归纳推理的方法，证明所持观点的正确性及表明其所持的态度。
1．Besides/In addition/Apart from it/What's more/Above all...
2．For example.../There are...，such as...and so on.
3．On one hand...on the other hand...
4．First...Second...Third...
5．On the contrary/However/While.../But...
6．At the same time, we should...
7．If..., I believe we will...
8．As we see/As we all know/As far as I know，...
9．Of all students, 40% of them think...，but others do not agree.
10．Some people believe that..., but others say/consider that...
11．Some students are for the idea/are in favor of it/agree with it, while/but/however others are against it/disagree with it.
第三部分，引用表示因果关系的关联词语、总结性的语句强调和重申提出的观点，或者引用某些特定的短语和句型来揭示观点、礼貌地征求对方的建议。
1．In a word，.... /In short，... /In brief，...
2．As a result，.../Therefore，...
3．No doubt doing something is.../There is no doubt that...
4．So in a word, we should...，only in this way can we...
5．Generally speaking, most students think we should...
6．In fact/As a matter of fact, we can...
7．So, for something, I suggest that we should do...
8．In my opinion, I think...
9．I have my own view about it, and I think...
10．Personally, I believe it is...
11．Now, we really don't know what to do about it.Could you tell us some good advice and help us out
【写作模板】
(一)不同观点列举型(选择型)
There is a widespread concern over the issue that (作文题目) ________．But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that (观点一) ________．In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, (原因一) ________．Furthermore, in the second place, (原因二) ______．So it goes without saying that (观点一) ______．
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that (观点二) ________．In their point of view, on the one hand, (原因一) ________．On the other hand, (原因二) ________．Therefore, there is no doubt that (观点二) ________．
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that (观点一或二) _______．It is not only because________， but also because _______.The more ________， the more________.
(二)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目)________．In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in (题目议题)________．Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, (优点一)________．And secondly (优点二)________．
Just as a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”， (讨论议题)________ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, (缺点一)________．In addition, (缺点二)________．
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of (讨论议题) ________ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the (讨论议题)________．
(三)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目)________．It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to solve this problem.First of all, (途径一)________．In addition, another way contributing to success of solving the problem is (途径二)________．
Above all, to solve the problem of (作文题目)________， we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say(方法)________．
(四)谚语警句性议论文
It is well known to us that the proverb “(谚语)________”has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means (谚语的含义)________．The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.
A case in point is (例子) ________.Therefore, it goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the proverb (谚语)________．
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: (谚语)________．The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
精品展示
近年来，学生越来越广泛地使用电子词典，这既给学生带来了便利，也给学生带来了一些负面影响。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语短文：
1．电子词典的优点；
2．电子词典的缺点；
3．你的观点和结论。
注意：词数80左右。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
第一步　明确要求
该写作属于利弊型的议论文，故以第三人称为主；时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步　确定段落
本文应该至少分四段：
Para.1　提出话题；
Para.2 使用电子词典的好处；
Para.3 使用电子词典的坏处；
Para.4 你的观点和结论。
第三步　提炼要点
1．The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.
近几年来，关于电子词典的讨论从未停止过。
2．An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages.
电子词典有很多优点。
3．The negative effects of an electronic dictionary are also obvious.
电子词典的负面影响也很明显。
4．It can be most helpful to us in many respects so long as we can make proper use of it.
只要我们能适当地利用它，它在许多方面对我们都会很有帮助。
第四步　句式升级
1．电子词典有很多优点，最大的优点就是它的方便。
(一般表达)An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages.The biggest is its convenience.
(高级表达)An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages, __________ the biggest is its convenience.
of which
2．现在，我们可以清楚地看到，电子词典本身并不是有益或有害的。
(一般表达)Now, we can see that an electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself.
(高级表达)Now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is __________________________ in itself.
neither beneficial nor harmful
参考范文：
The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.
An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages, of which the biggest is its convenience.What's more, they can pronounce the words clearly. Last but not least, more and more students can afford them.
However, the negative effects are also obvious.To begin with, some students rely too much on them.In the second place, some explanations are not so accurate.
Now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is neither beneficial nor harmful in itself.The key lies in the users—so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.
亮点点评：
本文结构严谨。首段提出一个长时间争论的话题；第二段中指出该事物的优点；第三段阐述缺点；第四段首句下结论，表明此事物本身无对错，第二句指出关键在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就会从中受益。文章的论点和结论清楚明了，论据充分有力。
在文字的运用上，本文词汇丰富，衔接顺畅而不乏高级词汇。例如afford，rely too much on和last but not least等的运用，恰当而有力。
假设你是李华，最近你班就“人类是否应该开展克隆研究”进行了讨论。请根据讨论结果，写一封80词左右的信给某英文报社的编辑来报道此事。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1．挽救濒危动物 2．再造人体器官，用于移植。 1．引起基因变异 2．克隆人导致伦理道德混乱。 ……
注意：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about whether the clone research should be carried out.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about whether the clone research should be carried out.
Some of the students are for the clone research.They say cloning is of help in researching into the cures for many diseases as well as useful for saving endangered animals.Cloning human cells in a lab could offer perfect organs for patients to transplant.However, others are against it.Though cloning might improve the quality of life，it might bring about some genetic changes.It also might raise ethical problems.
Personally, cloning should be dealt with carefully and monitored closely by the government，because we don't understand enough what effects cloning will have on the world in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
夯基提能作业Unit 4　Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Group activities will be organised after class _to_help_(help) children develop team spirit.
2．More TV programmes, according to government officials, will be produced _to_raise_(raise) people's awareness of food safety.
3．Children gave flowers to their mothers_to_express_(express)their thanks.
4．_To_teach_(teach) the cub to find his own food, people working at the centre hid fruit in tree branches.
5．He realises that something must be changed _to_make_(make)sure handmade New Year paintings live on.
6．He rushed to the airport, only_to_be_told_(tell) that the film star had left.
7．Mary hurried back, only _to_find_(find) the front door closed.
8．It rained heavily, _causing_(cause)severe flooding in that country.
9．He cut off the electricity quickly, _preventing_(prevent) an accident.
10．I'm sorry _to_have_taken_(take) up so much of your valuable time.
11．I am honoured _to_have_been_invited_(invite)to give you a lecture here.
12．I'm surprised _to_see_(see) you awake—ten minutes ago you were fast asleep.
13．He was disappointed to find (find) they'd already left.He didn't know what to do next.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I hurried to Professor Wang's house only to find he was out .
我匆忙赶到王教授的家，可是却发现他外出了。
2．During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents .
去年寒假，我和父亲一起去了乡下看望我的祖父母。
3．California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday.
根据本周二要公布的一项研究，自20世纪30年代以来，加利福尼亚已经失去了一半的大树。
4．With so many problems to solve, my brother was too worried to eat anything .
有太多的问题去处理，我哥哥担忧得吃不下任何东西。
5．I stayed awake until half past eleven so as to/in order to/to have a good look at the moon by myself.
我熬夜到11点半，为的是独自好好看看月亮。
6．Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of the mountain , out of breath.
Andy和Ruby首先到达了山顶，上气不接下气。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem？It's turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school class，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they're close to a solution.“We don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，other than ‘Are you working towards your goal？’Basically，it's‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of year，present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and...it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH，鼓励学生开发创新思维，培养实际生活技能。
1．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station？_A_
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句“The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，在国际空间站，很难除掉细菌，故选A项。
2．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program？_D_
A．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，D项与该意思一致，故选D项。
3．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program？_A_
A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of year，present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review...”可知，NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果，故选A项。
4．What is the best title for the text？_B_
A．NASA：The Home of Astronauts.
B．Space：The Final Homework Frontier.
C．Nature：An Outdoor Classroom.
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句“Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.”可知，B项“太空：最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适，故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Whenever I had nothing to do，a familiar depression would climb on my back.I'd been this way for months.So I went to my friend for _1.D_，who lived on the top of a steep hill.
My friend wasn't in.The fog was rolling in.So I was _2.B_ outside her house waiting.Suddenly I saw a _3.A_ dashing out of the house next door.Holding up his _4.D_hand，the man approached me，crying.“Help! Finger.Cut.” I dialed 911 immediately.While waiting for the _5.B_，I noticed he hadn't taken his cut finger and asked，“Where is it？” Frozen for a while，he said with _6.C_，“Maybe upstairs.” Hurrying into the house I began to _7.D_ the finger.In the kitchen a table saw lay on the floor.I lifted up each foot and looked underneath to ensure I wouldn't _8.A_on it.Having searched carefully，I_9.B_it lying beside the table saw.I grabbed a paper towel，placed it over the finger and picked it up cautiously.After getting outside，I_10.A_ the man，“Hang tight! The ambulance is on its way.”
Eventually the ambulance arrived.I handed the finger to the nurse and they _11.C_away.Suddenly I felt _12.C_ helping someone in need，even if pushing three buttons on a _13.B_ was all I did.I would keep on doing it.
Then one day after the finger_14.D_，I realised I had completely forgotten to be _15.C_ as I'd been busy playing the role of local hero.I wished I could see him again to thank him，because when he lost his finger，he saved my life.
文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者在心情沮丧、情绪低落，到朋友那里去寻求帮助时，发生的一次意外事件。这使他认识到：帮助他人能够改变自己的心情，使自己更加积极地面对人生。
解析：
1．A.information　　　 B．convenience
C．strength D．help
解析：根据上文中的“Whenever I had nothing to do，a familiar depression would climb on my back.I'd been this way for months.”可知，作者心情抑郁已有数月，所以去朋友家寻求帮助。help意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选D。
2．A.found B．stuck
C．struck D．hurt
解析：根据上文中的“My friend wasn't in.”可知，作者的朋友不在家，再根据第一段中的“my friend...who lived on the top of a steep hill”可知，这里是指作者被困在屋外等候朋友。stick意为“困住”，符合语境。故选B。
3．A.figure B．nurse
C．woman D．friend
解析：由上文语境可知，因为雾很大，所以作者看不清楚对方是谁，应该只是看到一个人影。figure意为“人影”，符合语境。故选A。
4．A.trembling B．lost
C．clever D．bleeding
解析：根据下文中的“Help！Finger.Cut.”可知，那个人的手在流血。bleeding意为“流血的”，符合语境。故选D。
5．A.taxi B．ambulance
C．vehicle D．car
解析：根据上文中的“I dialed 911 immediately.”和下文中的“The ambulance is on its way.”可知，此时作者和伤者是在等待救护车。ambulance意为“救护车”，符合语境。故选B。
6．A.patience B．interest
C．uncertainty D．guilt
解析：根据下文中的“Maybe upstairs.”可知，那位受伤的人并不确定自己的断指在哪儿。uncertainty意为“迟疑；无把握”，符合语境。故选C。
7．A.discover B．examine
C．observe D．locate
解析：根据语境可知，伤者没有把断指带出来，所以作者询问断指大概在哪里之后，匆忙跑到房子里去寻找。locate意为“找出……的准确位置”，符合语境。故选D。
8．A.step B．leave
C．fall D．hit
解析：根据空前的“I lifted up each foot and looked underneath to...”可知，作者在厨房看见地上有一个锯台，所以很小心地寻找断指，每走一步都抬起脚来看看，确保自己不会踩到断指。step意为“踩；踏”，符合语境。故选A。
9．A.recognised B．spotted
C．accepted D．realised
解析：根据下文中的“I grabbed a paper towel，placed it over the finger and picked it up cautiously.”可知，作者找到了断指。spot意为“发现”，符合语境。故选B。
10．A.comforted B．treated
C．assisted D．protected
解析：根据“Hang tight！The ambulance is on its way.”可知，作者是在安慰那个人。comfort意为“安慰”，符合语境。故选A。
11．A.wandered B．walked
C．drove D．dragged
解析：根据语境可知，护士拿到断指后，救护车开走了。drive意为“开车”，符合语境。故选C。
12．A.angry B．strange
C．good D．upset
解析：根据语境可知，作者感觉帮助有需要的人很好。good意为“好的”，符合语境。故选C。
13．A.door B．phone
C．watch D．television
解析：根据上文中的“I dialed 911 immediately.”可知，这里指在电话上按下“911”三个数字。phone意为“电话”，符合语境。故选B。
14．A.event B．effect
C．operation D．incident
解析：根据语境可知，在断指那件事后的某一天，作者突然意识到自己因为忙着做善事，完全忘记了抑郁这件事。incident意为“事件”，符合语境。故选D。
15．A.excited B．confused
C．depressed D．shocked
解析：根据文章第一段第一句中的“a familiar depression”和空前的forgotten及空后的“I'd been busy playing the role of local hero”可知，作者忙于做善事，完全忘记了抑郁这件事。depressed意为“沮丧的”，符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1969, Armstrong _1.successfully_ (successful) set foot on the Moon.This was _2.the_ first time anyone had walked on the surface of another world.More astronauts reached the Moon later, but nobody _3.has_visited_ (visit) it since 1972.Do you think it's time we went back
_4.Exploration_ (explore) of the Moon did continue after the astronauts left, but by robots instead _5.of_ people.Satellites have helped us learn more about our neighbour and shown that there _6.is_ (be) even more exploring to do, but astronauts would be needed!
The problem is that sending humans to the Moon is very expensive.Even with all the new technology since Armstrong's time, it would cost so much for people _7.to_return_ (return) to the Moon.
ESA (European Space Agency) wants to change that.ESA's idea isn't just to make the spaceships _8.themselves_ (they) but also to work with businesses here on Earth.ESA also wants to help businesses on Earth develop tools and technology _9.that/which_ will allow people to live on the Moon.If we can use resources on the Moon, then journeys there will be much _10.cheaper_ (cheap)．For example, what if we could get to water hidden deep within Moon rocks
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。自从1972年人类登上月球之后就再也没有人类再次登上月球。然而科学家对月球的探索仍在继续。
解析：
1．考查副词。修饰动词短语set foot on用副词形式。句意：1969年，Armstrong成功地踏上了月球。故填successfully。
2．考查冠词。序数词前用定冠词the。句意：这是首次有人在另外一个世界表面上行走。故填the。
3．考查时态。根据时间状语since 1972可知用现在完成时。句意：自从1972年以来，再也没有人拜访过它了。故填has visited。
4．考查名词。根据介词of可知用名词形式。句意：宇航员离开后月球的探索仍在继续。故填Exploration。
5．考查介词。instead of代替；而不是。句意：但是通过机器人而不是人。故填of。
6．考查主谓一致。根据more exploring to do可知，谓语动词用单数形式。句意：还有更多的探索要做。故填is。
7．考查非谓语动词。这里it是形式主语，不定式为真正主语。句意：人们返回月球要花费很多钱。故填to return。
8．考查代词。根据句意可知用反身代词形式。句意：欧洲航天局的想法不仅仅是制造宇宙飞船本身。故填themselves。
9．考查定语从句。句中先行词为tools and technology，在从句中作主语，故用关系词that/which。句意：这样的工具和技术将允许人们在月球上生活。故填that/which。
10．考查形容词比较级。根据形容词前面的much和句意可知，这里用形容词比较级。句意：然后在那里旅行会便宜很多。故填cheaper。(共89张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
The mission takes the next step by not only seeking signs of habitable conditions on Mars in the ancient past，but also searching for signs of past microbial life itself.The Mars 2020 rover introduces a drill that can collect core samples of the most promising rocks and soils and set them aside in a “cache(高速缓冲存储器)” on the surface of Mars.A future mission could potentially return these samples to Earth.That would help scientists study the samples in laboratories with special room-sized equipment that would be too large to take to Mars.The mission also provides opportunities to gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the challenges of future human expeditions(远征) to Mars.
These include testing a method for producing oxygen from the Martian atmosphere，identifying(识别) other resources (such as subsurface water)，improving landing techniques，and characterizing weather，dust，and other potential environmental conditions that could affect future astronauts living and working on Mars.
The mission is timed for a launch opportunity between July 17－Aug.5,2020 when Earth and Mars are in good positions relative to each other for landing on Mars.That is, it takes less power to travel to Mars at this time，compared to other times when Earth and Mars are in different positions in their orbits.To keep mission costs and risks as low as possible，the Mars 2020 design is based on NASA's successful Mars Science Laboratory mission architecture，including its Curiosity rover and proven landing system.
佳句
1．The Mars 2020 mission addresses high-priority(高优先级的) science goals for Mars exploration, including key questions about the potential for life on Mars.
分析：画线部分为现在分词短语作状语。
链接：We first briefly reviewed the past time, especially our adolescence, reflecting on gain and loss.
(2020·天津，书面表达)
2．The mission takes the next step by not only seeking signs of habitable conditions on Mars in the ancient past, but also searching for signs of past microbial life itself.
分析：画线部分为not only...but also...引导的并列分句。
链接：We not only harvested vegetables，but also learned that labor was hard.
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
3．To keep mission costs and risks as low as possible, the Mars 2020 design is based on NASA's successful Mars Science Laboratory mission architecture, including its Curiosity rover and proven landing system.
分析：画线部分为不定式作目的状语。
链接：To enrich our spare life, my classmates and I participated in a farm-picking activity last weekend.
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking，
Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．___________ n.宇航员；太空人
2．___________ n.程序；步骤；手续
3．________ adj. 精神的；思想的
4．_____________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→______________ n. 智力； 才智； 智慧
5．________ n.火箭；火箭弹
6．_________ n.重力；引力
7．__________ n. 边境；国界；边远地区
astronaut
procedure
mental
intelligent
intelligence
rocket
gravity
frontier
8．_________ n.交通工具；车辆
9．__________ n. 宇宙；天地万物→___________ adj. 普遍的； 全体的； 全世界的
10．____________ adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的→___________ vt.查明；确定；决定→_______________ n.决心
11．___________ n.人造卫星；卫星
12．________ vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市
13．_______ n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
vehicle
universe
universal
determined
determine
determination
satellite
launch
orbit
14．_______ adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
15．______ n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
16．_________ n.人类
17．________ n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→_______ n. (企业、政治等的) 代理人，经纪人
18．______ n. [pl.]资料；数据
19．______________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的→_______________ adj.令人失望的→____________ vt.使失望→________________ n.失望
giant
leap
mankind
agency
agent
data
disappointed
disappointing
disappoint
disappointment
20．________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→___________ adj.渴望的，有欲望的
21．_______________ adv.独立地；自立地→_____________ adj. 独立的；自立的→______________ n.独立→___________ adj.依靠的，依赖的→____________ n.信赖，依赖→________ v.依靠；依赖
22．____________ n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
23．___________ n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间
24．______ n. 玉；翡翠；玉器
desire
desirable
independently
independent
independence
dependent
dependence
depend
spacecraft
spacewalk
jade
25．______ vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)…… 进港 n. 码头；船坞
26．________ vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志→______ n. 迹象； 征兆；手势 v.签(名); 署(名)；打手势
dock
signal
sign
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．carry ____继续做，坚持干
2．____ board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．____ the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望
4．so as ____ (do sth.)为了；以便
5．____ the age of在……岁时
6．graduate ______从……毕业
7．____ the future在将来
on
on
in
to
at
from
in
8．go ____增长，上升；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
9．come ______下来，下降，倒塌
10．look ____抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
11．find _____弄清楚；查明
12．focus ____集中(注意力，精力等)
13．believe ____相信；信任
14．______ progress取得进步
15．____ a short time在很短时间内
up
down
up
out
on
in
make
in
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．These disasters ______ everyone ______________________，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
2．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will _________ enable us to understand how the universe began, __________ help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
made
sad and disappointed
not only
but also
Ⅳ.课文理解
1．When did people make travelling into space possible？___
A．In the thirteenth century.
B．In the eighteenth century.
C．In the mid-20th century.
D．In the twenty-first century.
C
2．What was one giant leap for mankind？___
A．The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched and orbited around Earth.
B．Yuri Gagarin went into space on 12 April 1961．
C．America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1on 5 September 1977.
D．American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon on 20 July 1969.
D
3．Why did the desire to explore the universe never die when people were faced with these disasters？___
A．Because the accident was not serious.
B．Because there was no danger in these disasters.
C．Because exploring space is an international task.
D．Because carrying on space exploration is important.
D
4．Which of the following is NOT China's achievement？___
A．Shenzhou 5 spacecraft orbited Earth successfully.
B．Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk.
C．Tiangong 2 space lab was launched into space.
D．Chang'e 4 explored planets like Mars and Jupiter.
D
课内要点探究
My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.
我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。
(2019·天津高考)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
在天知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
His enemies are determined to ruin him.
他的敌人决意要毁了他。
重 点 单 词
1.determine vt. 查明；明确；决定
(1)determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事
determine on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事
(2)determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
be determined that...决心……
(3)determination n.决心；决定
with determination坚决地
单句语法填空
①I have determined____going to the countryside after graduating from college.
②He is ____________(determine) to take good care of his parents from now on.
③His advice determined me __________(drink)and smoke no more.
on
determined
to drink
④Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great _______________(determine)．
⑤He himself determined _________(give)his own life to the same cause.
完成句子
⑥He____________________________________(下定决心好好利用)this chance to learn more about the Chinese culture.
⑦Paul was fond of Chinese culture, so he______________________(决定定居) in China.
determination
to give
was determined to make good use of
determined to settle
If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding.
如果你想参加体育运动，你可以选择从游泳到骑马等活动。
They desire to help those who are in need of help.
他们渴望帮助那些需要帮助的人。
She desires him to solve this problem.
她渴望他能解决这个问题。
2．desire n.渴望；欲望　vt.渴望；期望
She desires that he (should) stay with her.
她渴望他跟她待在一起。
Do you have an intense desire for truth and honesty
你是否对真相、诚实有极强的渴望？
(1)desire sth.渴望得到某物
desire to do sth.希望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that...希望……(从句中用should do结构，should可以省略)
(2)have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
“desire that ＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形”表示“希望……”，desire后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The president desired that you (should) visit him next week.
总统希望你下星期去拜访他。
后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”的动词：
一个“坚持”(insist)；
两道“命令”(order，command)；
四条“建议”(suggest，propose，advise，recommend)；
五点“要求”(demand，desire，request，require，urge)。
单句语法填空
①He desires _________(join) the army and devote himself to the country.
②(2021·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people's desire _____new ideas is hard to satisfy.
③Several people have expressed a desire ________(see) the report.
④At yesterday's meeting，the manager desired that the project ______________________(finish) on time.
to join
for
to see
(should) be finished
完成句子
⑤He _____________________________(渴望她去)and see him at once.
⑥The general commanded that__________________(我们发起进攻) at once.
⑦It is requested that__________________________(玛丽和我们待在一起) for the weekend.
desires that she(should) go
we should attack
Mary should stay with us
be curious about the strange man 对那个陌生人好奇
be curious to do sth.好奇做某事
satisfy my curiosity满足我的好奇心
have curiosity to do sth.有做某事的好奇心
重 点 短 语
1．be curious about对……好奇
arouse one's curiosity about...唤起某人关于……的好奇心
show curiosity about ...对……显示出好奇
out of/through/from curiosity 出于好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously带着好奇心；好奇地
单句语法填空
①(全国Ⅰ卷阅读)Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious _______.
学生们可以大胆地画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或者写一首诗来表达他们的好奇心。
②People gathered round, curious ________(know) what was happening.
人们聚在一起，好奇地想知道发生着什么事。
about
to know
③The strange woman looked at us students ___________(curious)．
那位陌生的女士好奇地看着我们这些学生。
④The people in the hall seemed very nosy，keeping their eyes on me with ___________(curious)．
大厅里的人似乎很爱窥探(别人)，好奇地盯着我看。
curiously
curiosity
be closely/strongly related to...与……有密切关系
be directly related to...与……有直接关系
related to常在句中作后置定语，相当于which/that引导的定语从句。
relate to...涉及；与……相关
relate A to B把A与B联系起来
in relation to...关于……；与……相比
2．be related to与……有关系/有关联
“与……有关系/有关联”多种表达：
be connected with
be linked with/to
be involved in
be associated with
have something to do with
单句语法填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷七选五) This is quite important, because it ________________________ your commitment.
这一点非常重要，因为它与你的投入直接相关。
②(北京卷七选五)For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain _________ (relate)to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain _________(relate)to fear becomes active.
对于冒险者来说，大脑中与快乐相关的部分变得活跃起来，而对于我们其他人来说，大脑中与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃起来。
is directly related to
related
related
③Determining where we are ________________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。
in relation to
And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
3．succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
当你的员工开始在他们的商务交流中加入微笑表情时，你就会知道你已经成功地改善了你的工作文化。
The key to success is to be ready from the start.
成功的关键是从开始就做好准备。
The determined astronaut will surely be successful in her career.
这位坚决的宇航员一定会在事业上取得成功。
If nothing unexpected happens，the millionaire's eldest son will succeed to his estate.
如果没有意外的话，这个百万富翁的长子将继承他的财产。
succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任
succeed to...继承或接替……
success n.[U]成功，胜利；[C]成功的人(或事)
successful adj.成功的
be successful in...在……方面成功
After succeeding to his father's company as president of it successfully, he succeeded in making the company more successful in its field，which helped to make him a big success in turn.
在他成功地继承了父亲的公司并成为公司总裁之后，他使公司在其领域里获得了更大的成功。反过来，公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地位。
success是抽象名词，但是当表示“一个成功的人”或者“一件成功的事”时，为可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a，类似的还有surprise，failure等。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
The film was a great success.
这部电影大获成功。
单句语法填空
①I never thought such a little child could _________________________ such a difficult problem.
我从未想过这么小的孩子能成功地处理了这样一个难题。
②(2019·全国Ⅲ卷短文改错改编)If I _____________________ (manage)one cafe, I will open more.
如果我成功经营了一家咖啡馆，我会开更多的。
③He will _______________________ manager of the firm.
他将接替他父亲担任公司的经理。
succeed in dealing with
succeed in managing
succeed his father as
④The painter ___________________ holding a personal exhibition in Beijing.
这位画家成功地在北京举办了一次个人画展。
⑤After _______________ his father's company as president successfully, he ______________ making the company more successful，which helped to make him _______________.
在他成功地继承了父亲的公司并成为公司总裁之后，他使公司更加成功，这也使他成为一个成功的人。
was successful in
succeeding to
succeeded in
a big success
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
All eyes were focused on the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
4．focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于
“集中注意力于/全神贯注于……”表达法集锦：
concentrate (one's mind/attention) on
be buried/absorbed/lost in
keep one's mind on
focus/fix one's mind/attention on
lose oneself in/bury oneself in
单句语法填空
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus ________ her studies.
②Catherine was seated in the sofa, totally absorbed ____ the book about youth and dreams.
完成句子
③I can't __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ the book with him singing next door.
由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。
on/upon
in
focus on/upon或keep my mind on或concentrate(my attention/mind) on或focus/fix my mind/attention on或be buried/absorbed/lost in或lose/bury myself in
They still carried on in spite of the difficult conditions.
尽管条件艰苦，他们仍然坚持了下去。
He carried on a bookstore in the town.
他在城镇上开了一家书店。
The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.
医生嘱咐她要继续治疗下去。
He carried on working as if nothing had happened.
他若无其事地继续干活。
5．carry on继续做，坚持干
carry on sth.从事某事
carry on with sth.继续某事
carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施
carry through 顺利实现
carry off赢得；成功地对付
carry forward 成功地进行
单句语法填空
①Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi，the girl was determined to carry____with her good work.
②If you make a promise，it should be carried_____.
③We must carry on ________(hope) for the best.
on
out
hoping
用carry短语的适当形式填空
④The team will have to__________without Professor Smith.
⑤He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to___________the secret task.
⑥Although faced with so many difficulties，they still _____________ their research.
carry on
carry out
carry on with
(1)句式分析：这是一个并列句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad and disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the desire，to explore the universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
重 点 句 型
1．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
该结构的具体形式：
①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
⑤make it＋宾补＋不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
Every day my parents make me have an egg.＝Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.
我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
It's too noisy.I can't make my voice heard.
太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。
We must make the room clean.
我们必须把房间打扫干净。
We made Tom monitor.
我们让汤姆当班长。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
①能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
②宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to则必须加上；
③如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
单句语法填空
①This produced a chain reaction，which made ____ possible for life to develop.
②The teacher raised his voice so that he could made himself _______ (hear)．
单句写作
③Mary tried to _________________________(留我们吃晚饭)．
④He believes that the system will __________________________(让他成为一名更好的医生)．
it
heard
make us stay for supper
make him a better doctor
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not only...but also...。
2．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
(2)not only...but (also)．..表示“不但……而且……”。该结构用法说明：
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
He not only read the book，but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
单句语法填空
①Not only he but also I ____(be) fond of playing the piano.
②Not only his parents but also his brother __________(go) to the Summer Palace, and they haven't been back yet.
③Not only he but also his parents ______(be) pleased when the result was announced.
④Either you or one of your students ____(be) to give a speech at the opening ceremony.
am
has gone
were
is
单句写作
⑤__________________________________(不但我姐姐而且我的父母) like this TV series.
一句多译
他不但种花，而且种蔬菜。
⑥He grows vegetables ____________ flowers.
⑦He ________________ flowers __________ vegetables.
Not only my sister but also my parents
as well as
grows not only
but also
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I want to be an___________(宇航员)，traveling to the moon in a spacecraft.
2．Police insisted that Michael did not follow the correct___________ (程序，步骤) in applying for a visa.
3．Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and ________(精神的)health.
4．Early astronomers thought that our planet was the centre of the __________(宇宙)．
astronaut
procedure
mental
universe
5．The___________(人造卫星) enables us to calculate their precise location anywhere in the world.
6．He made ____________(意志坚定的) efforts to overcome all the difficulties.
7．Anything with strong _________(重力) attracts other things to it.
8．He was ______________(失望的) to see she wasn't at the party.
9．An _____________(智能的) computer will be an indispensable diagnostic tool for doctors.
10．She ___________(发信号) a passing taxi and ordered him to take her to the museum.
satellite
determined
gravity
disappointed
intelligent
signalled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She gave me a ____________(determine) look—the kind of look that said she would never change her mind.
2．When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel ______________ (disappoint) and frustrated.
3．Hearing the _______________(disappoint) news, he was too sad to control himself.
4．Everyone has a desire _____ success, but not everyone desires to get rich.
determined
disappointed
disappointing
for
5．Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully _____________(dependent) adult.
6．I've got to go ______ my notes for tomorrow's exam.
7．Jack is the right person you can rely on to carry ____ the research when you are on vacation for the next two weeks.
8．____ the hope of saving others some time, I am listing a few of the problems I found.
independent
over
on
In
9．The government put up the price of cigarettes so as _________(stop) people buying them.
10．Mastering the technology makes ____ possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.
to stop
it
Ⅲ.选词填空
focus on，carry on，in the hope of，be determined to， dock with，lead to，on board，make progress
1．People believe in the importance of_____________space exploration.
2．The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others__________.
3．The climbers kept on ________________reaching the top with one last effort.
carrying on
on board
in the hope of
4．It can _________an accident that kills everyone on the large aircraft.
5．However，some scientists ___________________help humans realize their dream.
6．China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to ___________it.
7．China's space programme started late，but it has _______________ in a short time.
8．At that time the USSR ____________sending people into space.
lead to
are determined to
dock with
made progress
focused on
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I live ______________ meeting with him; but this meeting is not yet.
我活在与他相见的希望中，但这相见的时间还未到来。
2．He was _________________________ his opinion among us.
他是我们中最后一个发表意见的人。
3．As soon as we went ___________our ship left port.
我们一上船，船就出港了。
4．We will __________ our discussion tomorrow.
我们明天将继续讨论。
in the hope of
the last person to express
on board
carry on
5．Unfair bosses and rude staff _________________.
不公正的老板和粗鲁的店员让我们不愉快。
6．Encouraged by what the teacher said, the boy returned to his seat, ____________________________.(determined)
受到老师所说的话的鼓励，那个男孩回到了座位上，决心更加努力学习。
make us unhappy
determined to study harder
7．By ____________________ oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.(focus)
通过关注节约油、水、纸张、食品和衣物，我们在减少浪费方面正发挥着作用。
8．The tour guide ____________________________.(signal)
导游示意大家跟着她走。
focusing on saving
signalled (to) us to follow her
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long long ago, human beings held a dream that one day they could leave Earth and explore space. After many experiments, the scientists succeeded 1.____ making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity and the 2.___________ (possible) dream came true.On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 3.______________ (launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. On 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, 4.________ (say), “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”
in
impossible
was launched
saying
Although scientists tried to make sure nothing went wrong, some accidents still happened, which made everyone sad and disappointed.But the desire 5.___________ (explore) the universe never died. 6.____ example of the ongoing exploration is the International Space Station.
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 7._____ it has developed very fast.In 2003, China sent the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft into space 8.______________ (independent)．Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, 9.___________ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon. More recently, China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
to explore
An
but
independently
followed
Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further explore 10.________ (planet) like Mars and Jupiter.Though there exist many difficulties, scientists hope that future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
解析：
1．考查介词。succeed in doing sth.表示成功做成了某事，故填in。
2．考查形容词。空处修饰名词dream，应用形容词，且由语境可知，此处表示不可能(实现)的，故填impossible。
planets
3．考查时态和语态。由时间状语On 4 October 1957可知，应用过去时，satellite与launch之间为动宾关系，故填was launched。
4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且与主语American astronaut Neil Armstrong之间为主谓关系，故填现在分词saying。
5．考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，此处表示探索宇宙的愿望从未消亡。空处作后置定语，说明desire的内容，故填不定式to explore。
6．考查冠词。example在此表示“例子”，为可数名词，此处泛指一个例子，应用不定冠词，example的发音以元音音素开头，故填An。
7．考查连词。由语境可知，空处前后之间为转折关系，故填but。
8．考查副词。由语境可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语sent，表示“独立地”，故填副词independently。
9．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，与句子主语之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词followed。
10．考查名词的数。planet为可数名词，且由空后的Mars and Jupiter可知，此处应用复数形式。故填planets。
Ⅵ.结合课文主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1．人们一直梦想着探索太空(explore space)，然而一些人认为到太空旅行(travelling into space)是不可能的。
2．经过多次的实验之后，苏联在1957年成功地发射了第一颗卫星(launch the first satellite)。尤里·加加林在1961年成为第一个登上太空的人(the first person to go into space)。
3．因此(as a result)，人类探索太空的梦想得以实现。
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
参考范文：
People have always dreamed of exploring space. However, some people thought travelling into space was impossible.After many experiments, the USSR succeeded in launching the first satellite in 1957.In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space.As a result, humans realise their dream to go into space.
夯基提能作业