(共22张PPT)
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
人物描写是记叙文的一种。是对人物外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述。写好人物描写记叙文，应注意以下几点：
首先，应对此人进行简要的介绍，比如生平、事迹、职业等；
其次，挑选出此人一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写，要尽可能详细，因为这影响到人们对他/她的整体评价；
最后，对此人进行客观地评价，包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。
人物描写
【常用表达】
1．介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征
(1)He had fair hair and blue eyes.
(2)Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809.
(3)She is tall and slim with big eyes and curly hair.
(4)Sue was a young woman who was studying art.
(5)He is a good-looking and kind-hearted man.
2．介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
(1)He became famous for his new theory.
(2)The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
(3)We regard him as our model.
(4)Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
精品展示
请你根据表格里的内容，用英语介绍简·古道尔。
姓名 简·古道尔(Jane Goodall)博士
研究领域 著名的野生动物研究专家，尤其在研究黑猩猩方面
性格 谦虚、坦诚、考虑周到
成长过程 1．童年时代，碰巧看到一本名叫《泰山和杜拉德博士》的书。受到极大鼓舞，打算研究动物
2．在那个时代，妇女受到歧视，但妈妈支持她
3．20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动，完全弄懂了它们的行为
成就 1．成立了几个组织，发起了一项保护动物的运动
2．在世界各地演讲，呼吁年轻一代参加“根与芽”活动
3．被授予了多个奖项
参考词汇：《泰山和杜拉德博士》Tarzan and Dr Doolittle“根与芽”“Shoot and Root”
注意：词数150左右。
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__________________________________________________________
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【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本文为____________
2．确定人称：以第________人称为主
3．确定时态：以________________和________________为主
4．话题：记叙女科学家在动物方面的研究
第二步 提炼要点
1．成长过程
2．成就
3．总结
记叙文
三
一般现在时
一般过去时
第三步 句式升级
1．童年时代，她碰巧看到一本名叫《泰山和杜拉德博士》的书。
(一般表达)When she was a child, she happened to read a book of Tarzan and Dr Doolittle.
(高级表达)In her childhood, she _____________ a book which is called Tarzan and Dr Doolittle ___________.
came across
by chance
2．她受到了极大的鼓舞，打算将来研究动物。
(一般表达)She was encouraged and planned to study animals in the future.
(高级表达)Greatly inspired by it, Jane ___________________ animals one day.
intended to study
3．20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，在那里她用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动。
(一般表达)In the 1960s, Jane went to Africa to study chimps, and there she spent over 25 years observing and recording their daily activities.
(高级表达)In the 1960s, Jane ___________ to Africa to study chimps, _______ she spent over 25 years observing and recording their daily activities.
moved off
where
参考范文：
Dr Jane Goodall, a famous specialist, studies wild animals, especially in chimps.She is a modest, outspoken and considerate woman.
In her childhood, she came across a book which is called Tarzan and Dr Doolittle by chance.Greatly inspired by it, Jane intended to study animals one day.At that time, women were often looked down on and only her mother supported her decision.In the 1960s, Jane moved off to Africa to study chimps, where she spent over 25 years observing and recording their daily activities and fully understood chimps' behaviour.
Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals have made her famous all over the world.In recent years, Jane has delivered speeches all over the world to call on younger generations to take part in her project “Shoot and Root”．
Many prizes have been awarded to Jane Goodall to honor her great achievements.
亮点点评：
本文行文流畅，描写到位。诸如modest, outspoken，considerate，look down on和support等高级词汇运用得当。高级句式例如“Greatly inspired by it”为过去分词短语作状语；“Setting up several organizations and launching a campaign to protect animals”是动名词短语作主语，这些都运用得很好。
请根据下面的要点提示，写一篇介绍微软公司(Microsoft Corporation)的创始人(founder)比尔·盖茨(Bill Gates)的英语文章。内容如下：
1．比尔·盖茨于1955年出生在西雅图(Seattle)，并在那里接受了小学(primary school)教育；
2．13岁时开始对编程(programme)感兴趣。1973年考入哈佛大学(Harvard University)，三年后退学，将其时间和精力用在设计程序上。1975 年与 Paul Allen 建立微软公司；
3．创办慈善组织基金会(charity fund)，为贫困学生提供奖学金；
4．比尔·盖茨为世界做出了巨大贡献。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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_________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Bill Gates，co-founder of Microsoft Corporation，was born in Seattle in 1955，where he grew up and received education in a local primary school.
When he was 13, he became interested in programming.In 1973, he was admitted into Harvard University but dropped out three years later.From then on.he put all his time and energy into designing programmes.In 1975, Bill and Paul Allen set up Microsoft Corporation，which has been developing well since then.Besides，Bill Gates also organised many charity funds, helping poor students in poor areas.
Bill Gateshas devoted his life to the development of software and made great contributions to the world.
夯基提能作业Unit 2 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You make friends with people and then make unreasonable demands so that they _reject_(拒绝接受)you.
2．Early in the morning word came that Mr. Black had been _elected_(选举) president of the company.
3．The last _decade_(十年) has seen tremendous changes in the means of transportation.
4．The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was _published_(出版)．
5．When Mr. Green _retired_(退休), his son took over the business from him.
6．Many parents feel some teachers in this _kindergarten_(幼儿园) are not reliable and they can't rely on them to look after their children.
7．Experts have been warning for some time of the health risks caused by _passive_(被动的)smoking.
8．If I had had _insurance_(保险), the sickness would not have caused such a problem.
9．Some people are more _energetic_(精力充沛的) in the morning, while others in the evening.
10．Computers have _replaced_(取代) humans in many areas of our life, making our work much easier and more efficient.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The majority _of_ local people get benefit from the medical reform which they are in favor of.
2．I'd like to make a complaint_about_ the noise.
3．The government acted in _response_(respond) to economic pressure.
4．My cousin tried to join the army but _was_rejected_(reject)．
5．Keeping an _appointment_(appoint) is very important in our life.
6．The small animals were scared _to_run_(run) away when they saw a tiger walking towards them.
7．It is generally agreed that Tom will replace Jack _as_ our manager.
8．The gentleman never fails to help whoever is in need _of_ help.
9．She treats everything I say _as_ some kind of joke.
10．He was the first person _to_try_(try) out the new fishing method.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Their faith and courage _carried_them_through_at last.
2．We _tend_to_meet up for lunch once a week.
3．I am caught _in_a_dilemma_when choosing a major for myself.
4．After _being_appointed_as_headmaster of the school，he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
5．He was sorry for the soldier who _lay_dying_in Algiers.
6．I _graduated_from_Nanjing University in June,2000.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Nowhere _will_you_find_better_roses_than these.(“否定词＋比级较”结构)
哪儿你也找不到比这更好的玫瑰了。
2．The boy_was_last_seen_playing_on_the_bank_of_the_river_with some children.(see sb. doing sth.)
人们最后见到那个男孩时他正和一些孩子在河岸上玩耍。
3．_Not_knowing_his_address_，I can't send this book to him.(动词-ing形式作状语)
因为不知道他的地址，所以我不能把这本书送给他。
4．He is always_the_first_one_to_get_to_the_classroom_every day.(不定式作定语)
他总是每天第一个到达教室。
5．I_would_rather_sleep_than_watch_this movie.(would rather)
我宁愿睡觉也不看这部电影。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Every day, unemployed men gather in Jackson Heights, Queens.Many of them are homeless.All of them are hungry.At around 9∶30 each night, Munoz's truck arrives, filled with hot food, coffee and hot chocolate.For more than four years, Munoz and his family have been feeding those in need seven nights a week, 365 days a year.Munoz was born in Colombia and his father died in an accident when he was young.When his mother found it difficult to support Munoz and his sister, she made her way to New York, finding work in Brooklyn as a nurse.As immigrants(移民), they often suffered starvation.Later Munoz found a job as a bus driver.“When I see these guys on the street, it's like seeing me 20 years ago when I came to this country，” Munoz recalls.
Munoz began his meal program—An Angel in Queens—in the summer of 2004.Within a few months, Munoz and his mother were preparing 20 home-cooked meals daily.Numbers gradually increased over the years to 35 per night, then 60.In recent months, that number has jumped to as many as 140 meals a night.Munoz gets up around 5∶00 a．m.to drive his bus route, and he calls home on his breaks to see how the cooking is going.When he gets home around 5∶30 p．m.—often stopping to pick up food donations—he helps pack up meals before heading out to “his corner” in Jackson Heights.“He comes here without fail，” says one of the men.“It could be cold, it could be really hot, but he's here.” Watch Munoz in action in Queens, New York.
“If I don't go, I'm going to feel bad，” he says.“I know they're going to be waiting for me.”
Munoz estimates(估计)that food and gas cost approximately $400 to 450 a week; he and his family are funding the operation through their savings and his weekly $700 paycheck.Asked why he spends so much time to help people he doesn't know, he answers, “I have a stable job, my mom, my family, a house...everything I want, I have.And these guys don't.So I just think，‘OK，I have the food.At least for today they're going to have a meal to eat.’”
Munoz was named one of the CNN heroes.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一名公共汽车司机Munoz和他家人尽全力帮助那些失业并且饥饿的人。
1．Why did Munoz's mother leave Colombia for New York？_C_
A．Because Munoz's father worked in New York.
B．Because they were not used to the life in Colombia.
C．Because she couldn't support the family in Colombia.
D．Because she was born in New York.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“When his mother found it difficult to support Munoz and his sister, she made her way to New York, finding work in Brooklyn as a nurse.”可知当他的母亲发现很难养活Munoz和他的妹妹时，她去了纽约，在布鲁克林找到了一份护士的工作。由此可知，Munoz的母亲移民纽约是因为在哥伦比亚她无法支撑这个家了。故选C。
2．As immigrants, Munoz's family_B_.
A．were often helped by the government
B．often went hungry
C．were looked down upon
D．went begging in the street
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“As immigrants(移民), they often suffered starvation.”可知作为移民，他们经常挨饿。由此可知，作为移民，Munoz的家人经常挨饿。故选B。
3．Which word can be used to describe Munoz？_B_
A．Lucky. B．Kind.
C．Adventurous. D．Devoted.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Asked why he spends so much time to help people he doesn't know, he answers, ‘I have a stable job, my mom, my family, a house...everything I want, I have.And these guys don't.So I just think, ‘OK，I have the food.’At least for today they're going to have a meal to eat.’”可知当被问及为什么花这么多时间去帮助陌生人时，他回答：“我有一份稳定的工作，我妈妈，我的家庭，一所房子……我想要的，我都有。这些人没有。所以我就想，‘好吧，我有食物了’，至少今天让他们能吃上饭。”结合文章讲到Munoz花很长的时间尽其所能地去帮助别人，说明他是一个很善良的人。故选B。
4．What is the main idea of the text？_A_
A．A bus driver provided free home-cooked meals.
B．God helps those who help themselves.
C．The government helped immigrants.
D．CNN heroes were asked to help immigrants.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Every day, unemployed men gather in Jackson Heights, Queens.Many of them are homeless.All of them are hungry.At around 9∶30 each night, Munoz's truck arrives, filled with hot food, coffee and hot chocolate.For more than four years, Munoz and his family have been feeding those in need seven nights a week, 365 days a year.”可知每天，失业的男人都聚集在皇后区的杰克逊高地。他们中的许多人无家可归。他们都饿了。每天晚上9点半左右，穆诺兹的卡车就会来，里面装满了热食物、咖啡和热巧克力。四年多来，穆诺兹和他的家人每年365天，每周7个晚上都在为那些需要帮助的人提供食物。结合文章主要讲述了Munoz是一名公共汽车司机，他和家人通过运送免费的家常菜来帮助那些失业且饥饿的人。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是一位巴士司机提供免费的家常饭。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person
Life is a constant exercise in self-improvement.In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way._1.B_
Explore your talents.
Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So it's often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.
_2.F_For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you'll enjoy.
_3.A_
No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.
If you're particularly unhappy at your job, consider why._4.E_ If you feel your job isn't meaningful，or isn't in line with your values, consider finding another job.
Experience something new.
Research has shown that when we're in our comfort zone，we aren't as productive as we are when we step just beyond it._5.D_ Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.It's important to have new experiences and interactions with others, even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more.
A．Do what you love.
B．Here are some tips for you.
C．Register in a class you're interested in.
D．Humans adapt very quickly to positive events.
E．It's possible that some changes may change your feeling.
F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.
G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。人生就是不断提升自我的过程，有时我们急于取得成功，却迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己给出了一些建议。
解析：
1．上文提到你可能想知道如何用更简单的方式提升自己，下文则给出了一些建议。由此可知，设空处承上启下。由此可知，B项符合语境。故选B。
2．本段最后一句提到，判断你喜欢跟谁在一起有助于你了解自己喜欢什么。由此可知，F项符合语境。故选F。
3．本题考查标题句。根据该标题下的“It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.”可知，花时间做自己喜欢的事很重要。由此可知，A项(做你喜欢的事。)符合语境。故选A。
4．上文提出如果特别不喜欢现在的工作，考虑一下原因，下文则提出考虑换一份工作。由此可知，E项(有时候作出一些改变也可以改变你的心情。)符合语境。故选E。
5．本段主题是体验新事物。空格后说，正因为如此，我们可能对自己的积极的体验反应迟钝。D项(人类对积极的事件适应很快。)正好解释了下文的现象。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Venice is an attractive city between the sea and the sky.The city_1.consists_ (consist) of over 100 islands and there aren't any cars or buses.All the islands _2.are_linked_(link) by canals and bridges, making it _3.convenient_(convenience) for people to travel around the city.The best-known of the canals, the Grand Canal, serves _4.as_ the main street in the part of the city.
Venice has a lot of world-famous tourist _5.attractions_(attraction), including Saint Mark's Square, the Doge's Palace and Saint Mark's Basilica，_6.which_ is the city's most famous church.Every year thousands _7.of_ tourists visit this beautiful city.They always find themselves _8.impressed_(impress) by the city's cultural treasures.
Sadly, the Italian city has been regularly flooded by rising sea water over the years.From November to February, sea level rises up to one and a half meters，_9.covering_(cover) many of Venice's famous areas.But people in Venice still love their city.They are unwilling _10.to_leave_(leave)．Instead, they want to stay there to save Venice from the sea.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是文化。威尼斯是一座海天相连的迷人城市，每年吸引了成千上万的游客来此地旅游观光。
解析：
1．考查动词的时态。这里说的是客观事实，用一般现在时；consist of不能用于被动语态。故填consists。
2．考查动词的时态和语态。这些岛屿是被连接起来，故用被动语态；这里说的是一般情况，用一般现在时。故填are linked。
3．考查形容词。空白处所填词在句中作宾语补足语，需用convenience的形容词形式。故填convenient。
4．考查介词。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当；担任”。故填as。
5．考查名词复数。空前有a lot of修饰，故用其复数形式。故填attractions。
6．考查定语从句。关系代词which引导定语从句，修饰先行词Saint Mark's Basilica，并在从句中作主语。故填which。
7．考查介词。thousands of...意为“成千上万的……”。故填of。
8．考查非谓语动词。过去分词impressed by...作宾语补足语，宾语与宾补动作之间是被动关系。故填impressed。
9．考查非谓语动词。covering many of Venice's famous areas是现在分词短语作结果状语(分词动作cover与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。)故填covering。
10．考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿做某事”。故填to leave。(共87张PPT)
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，
Reading for Writing
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________n.事故；车祸；失事→____________ adj.意外的； 偶然的
2．___________ n.手术；企业；经营→_________ v.操作；动手术→__________ n.操作人员； 接线员
3．_________ vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
4．__________ n.子夜；午夜
5．________ n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
accident
accidental
operation
operate
operator
whisper
midnight
import
6．________ n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
7．______ n.(行星的)极；地极
8．_____ n.(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
9．______ vt.& vi.咬；叮；蛰 n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤→_____(过去式)→________(过去分词)
10．_____ n.嘴唇
11．________ vt.帮助；援助→____________ n.帮助，援助→___________ n.助手；助理
12．__________主席；主持人；董事长
export
pole
lap
bite
bit
bitten
lip
assist
assistance
assistant
chairman
13．________ n.记忆力；回忆→__________ v.记忆； 记住
14．_______ n.一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
15．______ n.咖啡馆；小餐馆
16．__________ n.(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者→________ n.(餐馆等的) 服务员，侍者
17．__________ adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
18．__________ vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n.伪装；化妆用具
19．_______ n.枫树；槭树
20．______ n.手推车；运货马车
memory
memorize
chain
café
waitress
waiter
pregnant
disguise
maple
cart
21．_______ vt.& vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出
22．______ vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
23．______ n.眼泪；泪水
24．______ n.& vt.伤害；损害→_________ adj.有害的→__________ adj.无害的
25．_________ n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
26．_______ n.力量；威力
27．_______ n.寓言；寓言故事
28．_______ n.(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
spill
limp
tear
harm
harmful
harmless
despair
might
fable
court
29．__________ adj.灵活的；可变通的
30．________ n.收入；收益
31．_____ prep.每；每一
32．___________ adv.因此；所以
33．_________ n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
flexible
income
per
therefore
tension
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．_______ aid急救
2．pass ______去世
3．in memory ____作为对……的纪念
4．trip ______被……绊倒
5．____ tears流着泪；含着泪
6．____ despair处于绝望中
7．___ great deal (of)大量
first
away
of
over
in
in
a
8．____ midnight在午夜
9．neither... _____...既不……也不……
10．make ____ attempt to do试图/企图做……
11．succeed ____ doing成功做了……
12．belong ____属于
at
nor
an
in
to
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．After Dr Bethune's death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，__________ he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
in which
2．After a while，a group of women came along, ________________ a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
3．She __________________ all day and was very tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。
each balancing
had been working
Ⅳ.课文理解
1．What did the king do in a local village ___
A．He invited someone to disguise him.
B．He found gold coins under a stone.
C．He moved a stone to the street.
D．He hid gold coins under a maple tree.
C
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？___
A．The milkman picked up his milk bottles and angrily left.
B．The woman carrying a water pot cried because she could not move the stone.
C．Nobody but the young girl felt it her responsibility to prevent her neighbours from being injured.
D．The king was in despair because nobody could help him move the stone.
C
3．Why did the king feel in despair？___
A．He thought there was no one to protect their neighbours from danger.
B．Nobody could find the gold coins under the stone.
C．The milkman spilt all the milk.
D．He could find nobody to help him remove the stone.
A
4．When the king told the girl the gold coins belonged to her，he meant that___.
A．he was thankful to her for her help
B．she was the only person to learn the lesson the king had intended to teach his people
C．she should take back the gold coins she had lost
D．he would like to return the gold coins to her
B
课内要点探究
Who will assist us to finish the job
谁将协助我们完成这项工作？
We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
我们将帮你找个住的地方。
Please let me know if there is anything else I can assist you with.
如果有什么我可以帮你的，请告诉我。
Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.
凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。
重 点 单 词
1.assist vt. 帮助；援助
(1)assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事
assist sb.in (doing) sth.帮助某人(做)某事
assist sb.with sth.在某事上帮助某人
(2)assistant n.助手，助理；售货员 adj.助理的(用在头衔或职位前，表示级别略低)
assistant manager经理助理
(3)assistance n. [U]帮助，援助，支持
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to one's assistance/help来帮助某人
单句语法填空
①John works as an ___________(assist) manager in an import company. He is a nice person and usually _________(assist) his neighbors ________ lots of things.Several days ago, John fell down from a ladder and was badly injured.With the ____________(assist) of Lucy, who is a nurse, John is recovering quickly now.
assistant
assists
with/in
assistance
一句多译
如果你能帮助我完成这个实验，我将不胜感激。
②I'd appreciate it greatly if you could __________________________ _________ the experiment.
③I'd appreciate it greatly if you could __________________ the experiment.
assist me in finishing/assist me
to finish
assist me with/in
Cheating others is also to cheat yourself，which will be of great harm in the long run.
欺骗他人也是在欺骗自己，从长远来看会产生很大的害处。
It wouldn't do him any harm to work a bit harder.
工作努力点对他没任何害处。
2．harm n.& vt.伤害；损害
It is just a joke.He means no harm.
这只是个玩笑。他没有恶意。
There is no harm in writing down your name in the form.
在表格里写下你的名字不会有什么坏处。
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
不要在昏暗的光线下看书，以免损害眼睛。
be of great harm危害极大的
do harm to sb./sth.(＝do sb./sth.harm)对某人/某物有害
mean no harm没有恶意
There is no harm in (one's) doing sth.
＝There is no harm (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事无妨/无害。
harm，injure，hurt与wound
(1)harm指伤害人的健康、权利、事业等。
(2) injure指在事故或打斗中受伤。
(3)hurt指肉体伤害或感情伤害。
(4)wound指用刀、枪等武器伤害。
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to...对……有害
harmless adj.无害的
be harmless to...对……无害
单句语法填空
①Try to choose products that do the least harm ____the environment.
②Staying up too often will be____great harm to people's health.
③There is no harm ____eating more fish，which is beneficial to our health.
④As a matter of fact, in and of itself，the Internet is __________ (harm)．
to
of
in
harmless
⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than _________(harm)．
⑥Most children are fond of sweets but they may be _________(harm) to their teeth.
harmful
harmful
完成句子
⑦The boy apologised in tears, saying that he_______________(没有恶意)．
⑧He may disagree, but_____________________(……无害) asking.
meant no harm
there is no harm in
选词填空(harm/injure/hurt/wound)
⑨Reading in the sun will ______your eyes.
⑩Five people were killed and a majority were seriously _________in the attack.
Luckily she was not badly _________in the accident and we took her to the nearest hospital.
He ignored her on purpose，which ______her feelings.
harm
wounded
injured
hurt
It's been over a year since my grandfather passed away.
我祖父去世已经一年多了。
Sadly, Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang.
不幸的是，白求恩大夫第二年11月去世，葬在石家庄。
重 点 短 语
1．pass away去世
(1)pass by经过
pass...on to把……传递给
pass down流传，世代相传
pass through通过，穿过
pass...off as装作，假装
pass the driving test通过驾照考试
pass the time消磨时间
pass sth.to sb.把某物传给某人
(2)“死”的委婉表达法：pass away，sleep the final sleep，breathe one's last。
单句语法填空
①We were passing _____so we thought we'd come and say hello.
②Alice was very sorry to hear her grandmother had passed ______ two days before.
③Valuable things that were passed ______ have something in common.
④On such an occasion, the torch will be passed from one person ____ to another.
by
away
down
on
完成句子
⑤They all waved merrily as they ___________(经过)．
⑥She said she'd ________ the message _______(把……传给……) my colleagues.
passed by
passed
on to
He wrote a long moving poem in memory of his wife.
他写了一首感人的长诗来纪念他的妻子。
He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.
他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。
2．in memory of作为对……的纪念
in＋n.＋of 短语：
in praise of 歌颂
in honor of纪念；为向……表示敬意
in favor of 赞同 in support of 支持
in charge of 负责 in search of 寻找
in possession of拥有 in need/want of需要
in place of 代替 in hope of 希望
用 in＋n.＋of 短语填空
①This is a book ______________ the construction workers.
②We are all _____________ your plan.
③They started off at once ______________ the missing girl.
④A great banquet was held _____________ our distinguished guests.
⑤We use chopsticks _____________ knives and forks.
in praise of
in favor of
in search of
in honor of
in place of
⑥A medical team rushed to the scene of the disaster where hospitals were ________________ doctors and nurses.
⑦Two minutes of silence were observed ______________ those who died in the war.
⑧Shang Zhi is the chief commander who was ______________ the launch of Shenzhou VI.
in need/want of
in memory of
in charge of
He picked up his suitcase and climbed the stairs.
他拎起手提箱，爬上了楼梯。
I picked up some highly useful old books.
我偶然得到了几本极为有用的旧书。
Remember that time she picked up my daughter when I was ill
还记得那次我生病，她替我接女儿吗？
3．pick up捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转
pick oneself up(摔倒后)站起来
pick out挑出；挑选；辨别出
pick sb.to do sth.选中某人做某事
pick one's pocket扒窃；掏包
pick up的多种含义：
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①(2018·北京阅读理解改编)Instead of walking a few blocks(街区) to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. ____________________
解析：句意：他们不是步行几个街区去接孩子或取回干洗的衣物，而是派自动驾驶的小型公共汽车去做这些。
(开车)接人；取回
②Thanks to the immediate measures taken by the government, the economy picked up soon after the global financial crisis. ___________
解析：句意：由于政府及时采取措施，经济(状况)在全球金融危机后很快好转了。
③It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long. ___________
④He picked up a wallet on the way to picking up his daughter yesterday. ___________；________________
好转
学会
捡起
(开车)接人
⑤(2019·北京阅读理解改编)The problem of robocalls had gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know.
___________
⑥After work she always picks up some vegetables and fruit at the shop round the corner. ________________
完成句子
⑦(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷七选五)On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to _________(买)some groceries.
接电话
(廉价地)买到
pick up
Do you belong to the tennis club
你是网球俱乐部的吗？
4．belong to属于
(1)belong to sb.属于某人，归某人所有
belong to a club是俱乐部的成员
(2)belongings n.(pl.)所有物；财产，财物
a sense of belonging归属感
personal belongings(pl.)个人财物，私人用品
单句语法填空
①I really don't know ____ whom this computer belongs.
②The car belonging to _____(he) was seriously broken in a traffic accident.
③The house ___________(belong) to me stands in the centre of the city.
④I just escaped from the flood and all my belongings ____________ (sweep) away.
to
him
belonging
were swept
完成句子
⑤(2019·浙江卷语法填空)The students feel that they belong ____ a particular group.
学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。
⑥A cultural relic is a treasure ___________(belong) to all peoples rather than any individual.
文化遗产是属于全民的财富，而不是属于某个人。
⑦Living abroad, he doesn't have ______________________(归属感)．
⑧Do you think these boxes of medicine ___________(属于) that clinic
to
belonging
a sense of belonging
belong to
重 点 句 型
1．After Dr Bethune's death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，后面是in which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an article。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，现将其用法归纳如下：
The papers (which) he was searching for have been recovered.
他刚才在寻找的那些文件已经找回来了。
The holiday villa had a large window on every side from which (＝where) one could enjoy the lakeside scenery，as enchanting as fairyland.
度假别墅轩窗四周，满目湖光山色，真如仙境。
The farm on which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be.
十年前我们工作过的那个农场已不是过去的样子了。(on the farm在农场里)
The bridge on which they were standing collapsed.
他们站在上面的那座桥倒塌了。(stand on the bridge站在桥上)
He was educated at the local high school，after which he went to Peking University.
在当地高中接受完教育后，他去了北京大学。(根据句子的具体含义)
Ten years of hard work changed her greatly，for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.
十年的辛劳使她变化很大，他一眼很难认出她来。(which作定语)
(1)指抽象或隐含关系时，介词要置于关系代词之前。
The decision was made at the meeting during which I kept falling asleep.
这项决定是在我瞌睡不断的那次会议上做出的。(during不能后置)
(2)某些两个词或三个词构成的固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词置于关系代词前。
This is the girl whom he will take care of.
这就是他将照顾的女孩。(of不宜前置)
单句语法填空
①He is kind to Bill，with ______ he plays chess.
②Is this the car _____ which you paid a high price
③Nelson Mandela devoted his life to fighting for a free society in _______ all people live together in harmony.
④(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____，through agriculture.
whom
for
which
in
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。本句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是一个由代词each和动词-ing形式短语组成的独立结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法现象被称作“独立主格结构”。
2．After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
(2)独立主格结构的用法：
Time permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天外出游玩。(Time和permit是逻辑上的主谓关系)
Many funny stories included in the book，it is very popular with children.
这本书中有许多好笑的故事，深受孩子们的喜爱。(stories和included是逻辑上的动宾关系)
The exam to be held tomorrow，I can't go to the cinema tonight.
明天将举行考试，今晚我不能去看电影了。(The exam和hold是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示将要发生的动作)
So many windows to clean，I had to devote the whole morning.
因为有许多窗户要擦，我只好用了整个上午。(windows是clean这一动作的承受者，但句子主语I为clean这一动作的执行者，所以这里用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义)
She looked at him，her eyes full of excitement and curiosity.
她看着他，目光里充满了兴奋和好奇。
She came up，her hair a mess.
她走了过来，头发蓬乱不堪。
在独立主格结构中用动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词的意义是不同的。动词不定式往往表示动作没有发生或即将发生，现在分词表示动作正在进行或现在的状态，过去分词往往表示动作已经完成。独立主格结构有时可以和with复合结构互换。
With autumn coming，the tree leaves turn yellow and some birds fly to the south.＝Autumn coming，the tree leaves turn yellow and some birds fly to the south.
秋天来了，树叶变黄了，一些鸟儿飞到了南方。
单句语法填空
①Time ____________(permit)，I'll assist you in cleaning the kitchen.
②Her glasses ________(break)，she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
③There _______(be) no truck，we had to use carts.
④Lots of work _______(do), I have no time to dance.
⑤Tom ___________(appoint)as captain，we went to congratulate him.
⑥Nobody ________(feel) satisfied with the new table，it was replaced soon.
permitting
broken
being
to do
appointed
feeling
完成句子
⑦He came into the room，___________________(他的鼻子冻得通红)
⑧A ceremony was held in memory of the hero，_________________ _______________(每人戴着一朵白花)．
翻译句子(用上独立主格结构)
⑨他走进教室，手里拿着书。
_____________________________________
⑩老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。
_______________________________________
his nose red with cold
each person wearing
a white flower
He came into the classroom, book in hand.
The old man sat in his chair，his eyes closed.
3．She had been working all day and was very tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，and连接两个并列的谓语。had been working用了过去完成进行时。
(2)过去完成进行时的用法说明：
They had been building the road by the end of last month.
到上个月月末为止他们一直在修这条路。
They had built the road by the end of last month.
上个月月末他们已修好了这条路。
单句语法填空
①He _________________(live) in an old house before he bought a new flat in the town.
②The Smiths _________________(live) in the countryside before they moved to New York.
had been living
had been living
完成句子
③I was very tired.I __________________ all day.
我很累，一整天我都在干活。
④(2018·浙江卷阅读)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.People __________________ novels for a century...
1812年，也就是查尔斯·狄更斯出生的那一年，英国出版了66部小说。人们写小说已经有一个世纪的历史了……
had been working
had been writing
⑤Benjamin was forced to admit what he ________________.
本杰明被迫承认他所做的事。
⑥They _________________(work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them.
在我加入他们之前，他们做这个项目已接近一周的时间。
had been doing
had been woking
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Compared with those who stand by, I am proud of what I have done for the injured lady in the __________(事故)．
2．The doctor will set out to perform the ___________(手术), so please keep calm.
3．The baby is sleeping, so they fall their voice to a _________(低语)．
4．It was not until __________(午夜) that they reached the camp site.
5．India _________(出口) tea and cotton to many different countries.
6．Any dog ______(咬伤), no matter how small, needs immediate medical attention.
accident
operation
whisper
midnight
exports
bite
7．I am willing to ________(帮助) you whenever there is an opportunity.
8．The __________(主席) declared the meeting open at 8∶00 this morning.
9．We tend to have a better ________(记忆力) for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
10．When I saw the bowl of olives the __________(女服务员) brought，I knew I wasn't in Cleveland anymore.
assist
chairman
memory
waitress
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It ______________(whisper) that the firm is likely to go bankrupt.
2．Every year in this country more than 50,000 children are ________ (bite) by dogs.
3．She assisted him ____ his experiments.
4．There is convincing evidence that listening to loud music can do great harm ____ our hearing.
5．We have a growing population and ___________ we need more food.
is whispered
bitten
in
to
therefore
6．But for most people _________(read) a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
7．The statue was built in memory ____ the famous scientist.
8．We, also in _______(tear), looked at him as he proudly showed his certificate (证书)．
9．A great deal of attention _______________(pay) to protecting the environment since then.
10．Winter ________ (come)，it gets colder and colder.
reading
of
tears
has been paid
coming
Ⅲ.选词填空
crash into，trip over，a great deal of，pass away，in memory of
1．She set up an educational fund ______________the retired teacher.
2．I also had friends who gave me_________________encouragement.
3．Don't brake(刹车) so suddenly; the car behind may ____________ yours.
4．He tried to follow Jack's footsteps in the snow and _____________a stone.
5．After her father_____________，the young woman inherited(继承) all his material possessions(财产)．
in memory of
a great deal of
crash into
tripped over
passed away
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I have spent ______________________ improving my maths.
我已经花了大量时间提升我的数学。
2．A great assembly was held ______________ the 70th birthday of our country.
为了纪念祖国70岁生日举办了大型集会。
3．I helped an old lady who ______________ by a fallen branch on the road.
我帮助了一位被路上树枝绊倒的老妇人。
a great deal of time
in memory of
tripped over
4．We feel quite secure now because of presence of policemen _____________ in the public.
在公众场合由于便衣警察的存在，我们现在感觉安全多了。
5．I can't focus on my study, ___________________________ on the square.
一群人在广场上跳舞，我难以集中精力学习。
in disguise
a group of people dancing
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There once lived a king with the belief that 1.__ nation whose people only expect others to solve their problems wouldn't have a bright future.
Early one morning, the 2.__________ (disguise) king went to a village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street 3._____ hid gold coins under the stone. After that, he hid behind a tree, watching what would happen.
a
disguised
and
The first person down the street tripped over the stone and 4.________ (angry) went away.Although several 5.___________(passer-by) crashed into the stone, none of them stopped 6.________(move) the stone out of the way. Instead, they complained and left the stone where it was.
Just as the king was in despair, a young girl came.Though 7.______ (tire) out, she managed to move it to the side of the road because she thought the stone was a danger to anyone 8._______ (come) down the street.To her surprise, she saw the gold coins where the stone9._____________ (place)．At that time, the king stepped out 10.______ behind the tree and told the girl everything and asked her to keep the coins, for she was worth the award.
angrily
passers-by
to move
tired
coming
had been placed
from
解析：
1．考查冠词。nation在此表示“国家，民族”，为可数名词，空处表示泛指，且nation的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
2．考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，修饰king，且king与disguise之间为动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式disguised。
3．考查连词。由语境可知，空处前后所表示的两个动作placed和hid为并列关系，故填and。
4．考查副词。空处在句中作状语修饰谓语went away，故填副词angrily。
5．考查名词复数。根据前面的several可知，空处应用复数形式；passer-by为复合名词，其复数形式应在中心词后加-s。故填passers-by
6．考查非谓语动词。此处指虽然被绊倒了，但没有一个人停下来将石头搬走。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to move。
7．考查形容词。该句中Though后面省略了she was，表示虽然这个女孩很累了；be tired out意为“精疲力尽”。故填tired。
8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作后置定语修饰anyone，且与anyone之间为主谓关系，故填coming。
9．考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，place所表示的动作发生在saw所表示的动作之前，应用过去完成时；且place与the stone之间为动宾关系，故填过去完成时的被动语态had been placed。
10．考查介词。此处指国王从树后走出来，故填介词from。注意from后可接介词短语，例如from under the bed，from behind the door等。
夯基提能作业Unit 2 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The invitation says that everyone should wear a_disguise_(伪装物)．
2．When _accidents_(事故) occur，we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help.
3．Chinese subway trains are now_exported_(出口)to developed countries including the United States.
4．A sense of humor can also help to ease the_tension_(紧张)between people.
5．I've learned English for more than eight years and I am familiar with computer _operation_(操作)．
6．American students have a more _flexible_(灵活的) schedule to do part-time jobs.
7．My name is Li Hua, _chairman_(主席)of the Students' Union of Chenxing Middle School.
8．_Therefore_(因此)，I'd like to be your guide and show you around our city.
9．I study from morning until _midnight_(午夜)，taking many practice exams.
10．Compared with the Internet，it does little_harm_(伤害)to our body, especially our eyes.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.He whispered _to_ her so that no one else would hear.
2．We were all badly _bitten_(bite) by mosquitoes.
3．You will be required to assist Mrs. Smith _in_ preparing a report.
4．It's said that fog is _harmful_(harm) to our health, so we should wear masks on foggy days.
5．After her father passed _away_,_she had to take up any job available to support her family.
6．When I passed _by_ the shop, I caught sight of the skirt in its window.
7．A monument was set up in memory _of_ the dead soldiers.
8．Turning around, she saw Tom _in_ tears.
9．A great deal of oil _was_(be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.
10．I wish to thank Professor Johnson，without _whose_ help I would never have made such great progress.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in memory of，first aid，in tears，in disguise，pass away，trip over，a great deal，in a whisper，at midnight，do great harm to
1.I received a message from my parents that my beloved grandpa had _passed_away_.
2．On the other hand, we can learn _a_great_deal_ from other students we meet in activities.
3．A parade will be held in our city _in_memory_of_ the great day.
4．It is recognised that smoking _does_great_harm_to_ our health.
5．The old man _tripped_over_ a stone lying on the street.
6．The knowledge of _first_aid_ is a necessity, which can save someone's life.
7．The girl ran away _in_tears_,_scolded by his father.
8．Some students are still doing their homework _at_midnight_.
9．The thief was caught stealing by a policeman _in_disguise_.
10．The two students were talking to each other_in_a_whisper_ when I came into the room.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter—not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.
“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family，but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UW-Madison School of Library and Information Studies.
“As an adult，she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist.That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said.Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books.She wrote 23 books in all—a body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.
“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous children's book in the world，which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time.It's been translated into 36 languages.The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin.
Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation.“In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk.She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist.She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundin.
“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern—her embracing of the natural world，”commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth.
文章大意：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了Beatrix Potter的故事，Beatrix Potter不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。
1．What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully？_A_
A．Her life and work experiences.
B．Her specialty in animated(动画) pictures.
C．Her success in becoming a botanical scientist.
D．Her interest in animals in childhood alone.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk”，她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险，可知，Beatrix Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。
2．What is Beatrix Potter？_C_
A．A botanist and artist.
B．An extremely important farmer and successful scientist.
C．A writer，conservationist and farmer.
D．An artistic director.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books，The Tale of Peter Rabbit，but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist”，以及倒数第二段中“became an extremely important farmer and conservationist”可知，Beatrix Potter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。
3．Why does the author write the article？_A_
A．In celebration of Potter's 150th birthday.
B．In honour of Potter's new contributions.
C．In praise of Potter's spirit of selflessness.
D．In support of Potter's book promotions.
解析：写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even though she was born 150 years ago，she was amazingly modern”及“an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
So why has English changed over time？Actually all languages change and develop _1.when_ cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English _2.spoken_(speak)in England between about CE 450 and CE 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was based more on German _3.than_ the English we speak at present.Then _4.gradually_(gradual) between about CE 800 and CE 1150, English _5.became_(become) less like German because those_6.who_ruled England spoke first Danish and _7.later_(late) French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use _8.of_ a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British _9.settlers_(settle) moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people _10.were_taken_(take) to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了英语随着时间的推移而改变的原因。
解析：
1．考查状语从句。根据句子结构可知该空应填状语从句的从属连词， 再根据句意“那么， 为什么英语随着时间的推移而改变呢？ 实际上当文化与文化之间发生碰撞和交流时， 所有的语言都会变化和发展。”可知填时间状语从句的连词when“当……的时候”符合语境。故填when。
2．考查非谓语动词。因为“____in England between about CE 450 and CE 1150 ”是修饰前面的名词English的， 作定语， 再因名词English和speak之间存在着被动关系， 即英语被说， 所以用过去分词短语作定语， 表被动。故填spoken。
3．考查比较状语从句。根据空前的“more”和句意“比起我们现在说的英语它更多的是以德语为基础的。”可知应用than。故填than。
4．考查副词。因在句中作状语， 所以该用副词。故填gradually。
5．考查时态。因本句because从句中用的是一般过去时， 可知是发生在过去， 所以此处用一般过去时。故填became。
6．考查定语从句。因“____ruled England”是修饰前面的代词those(那些人)的， 所以是定语从句。因先行词those是指人的词， 关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填who。
7．考查副词。根据空前的first, 可知后面该填later(后来)才符合上下文的逻辑关系。故填later。
8．考查固定词组。make use of “利用”， 是固定搭配。故填of。
9．考查名词。因作主语， 意为“殖民者”， 所以该用名词， 又因前面some可知是“一些殖民者”， 所以得用复数。故填settlers。
10．考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意“后来在18世纪一些英国人也被带到澳大利亚”可知该用过去时的被动语态， 又因主语people是复数。故填were taken。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Michelle was 8 years old when she heard her mom and dad talking about her little brother Jack，now，only an infant (婴儿)．He was very sick and they were completely out of money.Only a very costly operation could save Jack now，but there was no one to whom they could turn for the money needed.She heard her daddy say to her tearful mom，“Only a miracle can save him now.”
Hearing the words，Michelle went to her bedroom and took all the coins from her little money box.After counting the coins three times，she slipped out the back door and made her way to the drugstore 6 blocks away...
She waited for a long time before the pharmacist (药剂师) turned around and asked her，“And what do you want？”
“Well，it's about my brother，” Michelle answered，“he's really really sick.And I want to buy a miracle.”
“I beg your pardon？” said the pharmacist.
“His name is Jack.And he has something very bad growing inside his body.And my daddy says only a miracle can save him now.So how much does a miracle cost？”
“We don't sell miracles here，little girl.I am sorry.But I can't help you.” The pharmacist said.
“Listen，I have the money to pay for it.” With these words，Michelle poured out all the coins from her pocket.
At this time，a well-dressed man behind Michelle stooped down and asked the little girl，“I am selling the miracle you want.Tell me how much money you have.”
“One dollar and eleven cents.” Michelle answered in a low voice，“That's all the money I have.But I can get some more if I need to.”
“Well，” smiled the man，“a dollar and eleven cents.The exact price of a miracle for your little brother.Show me the place where your brother lives.”
Paragraph 1：
Holding the man's hand firmly，Michelle took him home.
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Paragraph 2：
When asked why he chose to help the family，the man detailed，______________________
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参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Holding the man's hand firmly，Michelle took him home.The little girl walked in such a hurry that she even forgot to introduce herself to the man.Her parents were too surprised to believe their eyes.That well-dressed man turned out to be a surgeon，specialising in neural surgery.Later，the little brother was taken away.The operation was completed with payment of one dollar and eleven cents.And it wasn't long before Jack was home again and doing well.Michelle was more than happy.Now she knew the exact price of a miracle: one dollar and eleven cents，plus the faith of a little child.
Paragraph 2：
When asked why he chose to help the family，the man detailed，“When I was young myself，I was once in the same situation as the little baby.The little girl reminded me of my own sister.It was she who saved my life.Deeply impressed by her innocence，I was determined to help the family out of trouble.It doesn't matter how much money she actually had with her，what matters is her faith，a faith that miracles do exist.(共35张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
单元语法精析
语法点拨
英语中分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋-ing”形式构成，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。现在分词的基本形式如下：
现在分词一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
及物动词(do) 不及物动词(go)
主动语态 被动语态 主动语态
一般式 doing being done going
完成式 having done having been done having gone
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
(2019·江苏高考)A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.
一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现从他的一小块地里冒出了烟。
I felt my heart beating violently when I was seeing the 70th anniversary of foundation of the People's Republic of China.
我看中华人民共和国成立70周年庆典的时候，感到心潮澎湃。
1．动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table.”
在一个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音在说：“你可以和我坐一桌。”
He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday.
他昨天这个时候看到一个女孩正在街上闲逛。
在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
今天在我回家的路上，我看到一个男人正匆忙从街上跑过。
I saw him enter the room and take something away.
我看到他进入房间，并带着东西离开了。
完成句子
①I _________ a thief stealing money from the old woman's pocket yesterday.
昨天我注意到一个小偷正在从那位上年纪的女士口袋里偷钱。
②She ________________________ at the door.
她听到有人在敲门。
noticed
heard someone knocking
③He ________________________________.
他看见一个女孩上车把车开走了。
④Can you __________________ the song in the next room
你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
saw a girl get on the car and drive off
hear her singing
2．动词-ing形式在使役动词宾补结构中的使用
使役动词have接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
It's cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。
I won't have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
(1)have/get＋宾语＋done，done是过去分词作宾语补足语。包括两层意思：
①让别人去做某事
He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
②(主语)遭受到(意外的损失或不幸)
He had/got his computer stolen the other day.
前几天他的电脑被偷了。
(2)have＋宾语＋do sth.意思是“让某人去干某事”
Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
leave(使……处于某种状态)，keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟分词作补足语，而不跟动词不定式。
Many teachers keep parents informed of children's performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.
许多老师通过在微信上分享视频让家长知晓孩子们在幼儿园的表现。
单句语法填空
①Mr. Smith suggested a good way to have her written English ________ (improve) in a short period.
②Don't leave the water _________(run) while you brush your teeth.
③Mother has the little girl ______(play) the piano this afternoon.
④He needed to have some paperwork ___________(deliver) across the country the next day.
improved
running
play
delivered
3．现在分词在with复合结构中的应用
在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。
Singing “You don't know love, Fa Hai”， she threw the tortoise into the river, with tears filling her eyes.
她唱着《法海你不懂爱》，把那只乌龟扔进了河里，眼里满是泪水。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace
乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了它宁静的气氛，它应得这样的声誉吗？
在with的复合结构中，也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
单句语法填空
①I love my school with students _________(work) hard to realize their dreams and teachers _________(help) us like our parents.
②(2019·江苏高考)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries _____________(recognize) its role in international affairs.
③With Christmas _____________(approach), a Christmas party will be held in the school.
working
helping
recognizing
approaching
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
Swallowing Little Red Hat, the wolf went to bed and slept.
大灰狼吞下了小红帽，然后上床睡觉了。(时间状语)
I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
得知你对中国历史感兴趣我很高兴。(原因状语)
1．动词-ing形式表示时间。
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing these stories, I'm skeptical about the place.(＝When I heard these stories...)
当我听到这些故事的时候，我对这个地方有点怀疑。
2．动词-ing形式表示原因。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.
(＝As I don't know his address...)
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
3．动词-ing形式表示结果。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.(＝...and left him a lot of money.)
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
4．动词-ing形式表示条件。
Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.(＝If you go straight down the road...)
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
5．动词-ing形式表示让步。
Being tired, they went on working.(Although they were tired...)
尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。
6．动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.(＝...and stared at the sky for a long time.)
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
7．作方式状语
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
非谓语动词作状语时，如果提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或人称代词(主格)来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we)
Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。(permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the football match)
单句语法填空
①_________________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground.
②__________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize.
③People use plastic in their daily life, _________(leave) large amounts of waste.
④_________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
⑤The old man, _______________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
Having finished
Studying
leaving
Working
having worked
语法专练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Yesterday，another student and I，______________(represent) our university's student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.
2．I stood for a minute __________(watch) them and then went to greet them.
3．She stepped back ___________(appear) surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.
representing
watching
appearing
4．Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in _________(smile)．
5．Just at that moment，however，Akira bowed so his nose touched George's ________(move) hand.
6．_____________(not know) anything about the accident，he went to work as usual.
7．The old man sat under the tree ___________(listen) to the radio.
8．_________(turn) to the right，you will find the post office you're looking for.
smiling
moving
Not knowing
listening
Turning
9．__________________(hold) back by the traffic jam，she couldn't get there on time.
10．___________________(take) to hospital in time，the little girl infected with bird flu was saved at last.
Having been held
Having been taken
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．________________，he jumped with joy.
听到这个消息，他欣喜若狂。
2．I think _____________________English.
我认为学英语很有意思。
3．_________________________，all the students stood up.
看到老师进来，所有学生都站了起来。
Hearing the news
it interesting to learn
Seeing the teacher come in
4．_______________________________，he won the first place in this race.
其他的运动员紧随其后，他在这次比赛中获得第一名。
5．He _________________________________late.
他不容许女儿晚回家。
With other runners following him
can't have his daughter arriving home
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
根据下面汉语提示写一篇小短文。
1．在回家的路上，我们看到一个大树枝躺在马路上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)
2．考虑到它会带来麻烦，我们决定把它移走。(动词-ing形式作原因状语)
3．在一些过路人的帮助之下，我们成功地把它移到一边。(with的复合结构)
4．看到我们的所作所为，人们为我们热烈鼓掌。(动词-ing形式作时间状语)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
参考范文：
On our way home，we saw a big branch lying on the road.Considering it might cause some trouble, we decided to move it away.With some passers-by helping us, we managed to remove it. Seeing what we had done, many people applauded warmly.
夯基提能作业Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.All of us watched the hunter _bring_(bring)down the dangerous bear.
2．When he woke up，he found himself_lying_(lie) in hospital.
3．The missing girl was last found _having_(have)a dinner in that restaurant.
4．His hair became grey with the years_passing_(pass)．
5．He has no trouble settling the problem with you _helping_(help) him.
6．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_making_(make)air conditioning unnecessary.
7．_Having_eaten_(eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
8．_Having_been_given_(give) such a good chance，how could she let it slip away
9．_Considering_(consider) his age，the child reads quite well.
10．I live in the house with its door _facing_(face)the south.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．_With_time_going_on_,_I have learned many practical skills.
随着时间的流逝，我学到了很多实用的技能。
2．_Being_a_League_member_,_he is always helping others.
作为一名共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
3．I can't _have_you_speaking_aloud_ in the classroom like this.
我不能让你像这样在教室里大声喧哗。
4．_Living_far_away_from_school_,_they come to school early in the morning every day.
虽然住得离学校很远，他们每天早上都很早来上学。
5．The boy _left_the_water_running_ after he washed his hands.
冲完手之后，男孩就让水一直流着。
6．The students went out of the classroom, _talking_in_a_low_voice_.
同学们小声地说着话走出了教室。
7．_Having_studied_English_for_about_ten_years_,_I have a good command of English.
学了大约十年英语，我对英语掌握很好。
8．She came into the house, _carrying_a_lot_of_books_.
她捧着许多书走进了房间。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Peggy Whitson's job demands a daily two-hour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17,000 miles an hour.
Whitson makes it look easy.At 57, she is the oldest woman to fly in space, breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September, 2017，the NASA astronaut felt matter-of-fact about the age milestone(里程碑)．
“It wasn't a record I was seeking for，”Whitson said.“I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights.I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s.I don't think people should let age discourage them, even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77), and we've had male astronauts in their 60s before, so it's just a matter of time before women start flying in space at this age.”
On the earth, she stays fit by weightlifting, biking, playing basketball and water skiing.She shared what it's like to live in microgravity：“It's like you're in a swimming pool, but you don't have to worry about breathing.If I push off from one side, I'm going to float to the other side.Every direction feels exactly the same, which is really hard for your brain to grasp, but it's amazing how fast you adapt.
It's a big shock for the body to come back to Earth—everything is so heavy.We spend a lot of time getting used to being back in gravity again.Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time.For me, coming home is harder than going up into space.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了最年长的女宇航员纪录保持者Peggy Whitson在太空的体验以及她积极向上的心态。
1．What does the underlined word probably mean in the passage？_B_
A．Amazing. B．Natural.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Unbelievable.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中Whitson的话可知，她认为人们不应该被年龄所击败，以57岁“高龄”进行太空飞行是一件很正常的事情，因此她对自己创下纪录并不感到惊讶。由此可知画线词意为“平常的”。故选B。
2．How many days did Peggy Whitson spend for her third stay in the International Space Station？_A_
A．About 300 days. B．About 708 days.
C．About 107 days. D．About 57 days.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September,2017”可知，从2016年11月到2017年9月，Peggy Whitson在国际空间站待了300天左右的时间。故选A。
3．According to the passage, which of the following is true？_D_
A．Peggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space, breaking the record.
B．There had been female astronauts flying in space in their 60s before.
C．Peggy Whitson likes swimming most to stay fit on the earth.
D．Peggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，2017年Peggy Whitson 57岁，她在42岁和48岁时也进行过太空飞行，由此可知这两次飞行分别发生在2002年和2008年。故选D。
4．Which of the following will Peggy Whitson probably say？_A_
A．You can still be successful and do physical things when you get old.
B．I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.
C．The moment we reached the earth, we felt so relaxed.
D．I feel lucky that I am physically all right after the whole journey.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I don't think people should let age discourage them，even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.”可知，Peggy Whitson认为人们不应被年龄所击败，即使是从事那些对身体健康状况有一定要求的工作。由此可知她会说当你老了的时候，你也可以做一些需要体力的事情。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My two kids and I were at Dunkin' Donuts, meeting my grandfather for a cup of coffee.My boys were 2 and 4 then.When the naughty little kid_1.C_ his icecream in the middle of the store, I turned to my grandfather for _2.B_.I was surprised to find him laughing.When I tried to talk to him about how_3.C_ life with two young boys is, his reply was short, “Little kids，_4.D_problems.”
At the time, I felt a little angry.The_5.B_ of raising my two boys didn't feel little.I sometimes felt overwhelmed (不知所措的) by their problems and needs.Still, I knew how to _6.B_ them.I could calm my elder son down with his favourite CD and smiled at him in the rear-view mirror (后视镜)．Back then, “fixing their problems” seemed like my _7.D_.I did it every day.And, in general, I could fix most things that annoy them.
Those boys are 24 and 22 now.And，_8.C_ my grandfather said, their problems are bigger than they were 20 years ago.And one thing I'm_9.D_ at this stage of parenting is how to be a mom who doesn't help them.Worried about my elder son recently, I repeated my _10.A_ to him, but he told me to stop—told me that I wasn't being _11.A_ and that I needed to let him be.
Honestly, I miss the days when I felt so helpful.But I also feel_12.A_ that I've raised an adult healthy enough to _13.B_ his own life.And so, in a _14.C_ reversal(互换), it is my son who now calms me down，_15.D_ me and then smiles at me from his rear-view mirror.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是生活。文章讲述了父母与孩子之间在不同阶段所扮演的角色不同。
1．A.bought B．opened
C．sat on D．looked for
解析：根据空前naughty可知，儿子是淘气的，sat on符合语境。当儿子坐到冰淇淋上，“我”向祖父寻求支持与帮助。故选C。
2．A.care B．support
C．attention D．explanation
解析：参考上题解析。support“支持”符合语境。故选B。
3．A.exciting B．encouraging
C．challenging D．embarrassing
解析：根据下文关于照顾孩子的描述可知，“我”觉得和两个小男孩一起生活是很大的挑战。exciting“令人兴奋的”；encouraging“鼓励的”；challenging“有挑战性的”；“embarrassing”。C符合语境。故选C。
4．A.serious B．common
C．complex D．little
解析：根据第二段第一句中的“angry”以及第三段中“their problems are bigger”可知，此处祖父是说小孩子都是小问题。故选D。
5．A.value B．difficulty
C．advantage D．responsibility
解析：“我”当时听了祖父的话有点生气，因为养育两个男孩并不是小困难。value“价值”；difficulty“困难”；advantage“优势”；responsibility“责任”。B符合语境。故选B。
6．A.ignore B．fix
C．organize D．share
解析：根据空后内容可知，不过“我”还是知道怎样应对它们。fix“修理，解决”符合语境。故选B。
7．A.dream B．lesson
C．choice D．job
解析：那个时候，“我”每天都在做这些，所以应对这些问题似乎成了“我”的工作。而且“我”基本上可以处理困扰他们的大部分事情。job“工作”符合语境。故选D。
8．A.once B．if
C．as D．while
解析：根据下文内容可知，正如祖父所说的那样，他们的问题随着年龄的增长也比20年前大了。as“正如”，此引导定语从句。故选C。
9．A.imagining B．experiencing
C．improving D．learning
解析：根据空后的“how to be a mom”可知，这个阶段“我”需要学习的便是如何做一个不去帮助他们的妈妈。learn“学习”符合语境。故选D。
10．A.warnings B．excuses
C．memories D．theories
解析：根据空前“Worried about”可知，最近因为担心大儿子，所以“我”一直给他重复一些注意事项。warnings“警告”；excuses“借口”；memories“记忆”；theories“理论”。A符合语境。故选A。
11．A.helpful B．young
C．intelligent D．powerful
解析：根据最后一段的helpful可知，此空指“我”已经帮不上忙了。helpful“有帮助的”；young“年轻的”；intelligent“智能的”；powerful“强大的”。A符合语境。故选A。
12．A.happy B．different
C．shocked D．regretful
解析：但是看到他可以很好地处理自己的生活，“我”也感到很高兴(happy)。A符合语境。故选A。
13．A.judge B．manage
C．save D．change
解析：参考上题解析。manage“管理”符合语境。故选B。
14．A.job B．history
C．role D．time
解析：根据空后内容可知，我们的角色互换后，如今是儿子安抚“我”，然后在自己的后视镜中冲“我”微笑。与第二段中“我”对儿子的做法形成对比。role“角色”符合语境。故选C。
15．A.accepts B．controls
C．invites D．comforts
解析：参考上题解析。comfort“安慰”符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many great people in the world devote themselves to _1.improving_(improve)society in their own ways.For example，Jane Goodall，a woman from Britain，would rather spend time studying chimps in the wild in Africa than _2.lead_(lead)a comfortable life.For 40 years she _3.has_been_(be)outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps.LinQiaozhi，a specialist in women's diseases，is another woman who has made great _4.achievements_(achieve)．There was story after story of no matter _5.how_tired after a day's work，she went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family.It was because of her hard work and great consideration to her patients that hundreds of babies _6.were_delivered_(deliver)safely by her._7.A_third example is Yuan Longping，the first agricultural pioneer in the world_8.to_grow_(grow)super hybrid rice.Using his hybrid rice，farmers can produce harvests twice as large as before.Therefore，now the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world _9.of_hunger.In short，so _10.impressive_(impress)is their work that they all deserve praising and learning from.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上几位致力于改善社会的伟大人物。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上许多伟大的人都以自己的方式致力于改善社会。devote oneself to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”。故填improving。
2．考查固定句式。句意：一位来自于英国的女性珍·古道尔宁愿花时间在非洲野外研究黑猩猩，也不愿过舒适的生活。would rather do A than do B表示“宁愿做A也不愿做B”。故填lead。
3．考查动词的时态。句意：40年来，她一直直言不讳要让世界的其他人理解和尊重黑猩猩。根据时间状语“For 40 years”可知用现在完成时。故填has been。
4．考查名词。句意：妇科病专家林巧稚是另一位取得巨大成就的女性。作动词made的宾语用名词，空格前没有冠词应用复数表示泛指。故填achievements。
5．考查让步状语从句。句意：有一个又一个的故事讲述不管一天的工作有多累，她还要深夜去给贫穷的家庭接生。no matter how＋adj.表示“不管多么……”。故填how。
6．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：正是由于她的辛勤工作和对病人的关怀，数百名婴儿才得以安全分娩。事情发生在过去，babies与deliver之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were delivered。
7．考查冠词。句意：再一个例子是袁隆平，世界上第一个种植超级杂交水稻的农业先驱。a＋序数词表示“又一，再”。故填A。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上题。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。故填to grow。
9．考查固定短语。句意：因此，现在联合国在消除世界饥饿的斗争中有了更多的方法。rid...of...表示“去除，让……摆脱……”。故填of。
10．考查形容词。句意：简而言之，他们的工作令人印象深刻，值得表扬和学习。作is的表语用形容词。故填impressive。Unit 2 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old tree, with good reason to frown, for the world was intended to drag me down.At this time, a boy approached me.He stood right before me, and said with great excitement, “Look what I found！”
In his hand was a flower, and what a pitiful sight, with its petals (花瓣) all worn.Wanting him to take his flower and go off to play, I faked a small smile and then turned to the other side.
But instead of leaving, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared, “It really smells pretty and it's beautiful, too.That's why I picked it.Here, it's for you.”
The flower before me was dying or dead.But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave.So I reached for the flower, and replied, “Just what I need.”
But instead of placing the flower in my hand, he held it in mid-air.It was then that I noticed that the boy was blind.
I heard my voice quiver(轻微颤抖), and at the same time my tears shone like the sun.As I thanked him for picking the very best one, he smiled and said, “You're welcome.” And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he'd had on me.
I sat there and wondered how he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old tree.Perhaps from his heart, he'd been blessed with true sight.
Through the eyes of the blind boy, I could see the problem was not with the world; the problem was me.And for all of those times I had been blind.From now on I vowed to see beauty and appreciate every second that's mine.Then I held the flower up to my nose and breathed its fragrance and smiled as that young boy.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者感到很郁闷的时候，一个盲人男孩出现了，送了作者一束花，他的善良和乐观让作者重新点燃对生活的热爱。
1．When she sat down to read on the bench, the author _B_.
A．felt relaxed and peaceful
B．felt upset and unhappy with her life
C．wanted to have a friend keeping her company
D．felt proud to have overcome the difficulties in life
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old tree，with good reason to frown, for the world was intended to drag me down.”可知，当她坐下来在长凳上阅读时，眉头紧锁，她对自己的生活感到不安和不快乐。故选B。
2．The author decided to take the flower at first because _D_.
A．she was really moved by the boy
B．she didn't want to hurt the young boy
C．she thought the flower was really beautiful
D．she didn't like being bothered by the boy any more
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Wanting him to take his flower and go off to play, I faked a small smile and then turned to the other side.”可知，作者决定把花拿去，因为她不喜欢被这个男孩打扰。故选D。
3．Which of the following can best describe the boy？_A_
A．Kind and optimistic.
B．Independent and active.
C．Handsome and intelligent.
D．Warmhearted and sensitive.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者感到很郁闷的时候，一个盲人男孩出现了，送了我一束花，他的善良和乐观让我重新点燃对生活的热爱。可见男孩很乐观、善良。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bullying(霸凌) is a big problem.It can make kids feel hurt, scared, sick, lonely, embarrassed, and sad.Bullies might hit, kick, or push to hurt kids, or use words to call names, tease, or scare them._1.E_
Bullying is a big deal.
It is a big problem that affects lots of kids._2.C_Being bullied can make kids feel really bad, and the stress of dealing with it can make them feel sick.Bullying can make kids not want to go to school and make school a place of fear and can lead to violence and more stress for everyone.
_3.B_
Some bullies are looking for attention.They might think bullying is a way to be popular or to get what they want.Most bullies are trying to make themselves feel more important.When they pick on someone else, it can make them feel big and powerful.Some bullies come from families where everyone is angry and shouting all the time.
How to handle it
_4.G_ As much as you can, avoid the bully.You can't go into hiding or skip class, of course.But if you can take a different route and avoid the mean kid, do so.Stand tall and be brave.When you're scared of another person, you're probably not feeling you are brave.But sometimes just acting bravely is enough to stop a bully.
Talk to someone you trust if you are bothered by a bully._5.F_Make a plan to walk with a friend or two on the way to school, recess, lunch, or wherever you think you might meet the bully.
A．Bullies come in all shapes and sizes.
B．Why do bullies act that way
C．Three-quarters of all kids say they have been bullied or teased.
D．If you can, try your best to ignore the bully's threats.
E．Some bullies even threaten kids or try to make them do things they don't want to do.
F．Two is better than one if you're trying to avoid being bullied.
G．Don't give the bully a chance.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了霸凌的危害、现状，霸凌者欺负他人的原因以及解决措施。
解析：
1．根据上文“Bullies might hit, kick, or push to hurt kids, or use words to call names, tease, or scare them.(霸凌者可能会打、踢或推人来伤害孩子，或者用言语辱骂、戏弄或恐吓他们。)”可知，根据前一句说的是霸凌者会做的行为，而E选项也在描述霸凌者做的事，并且E选项中的even表递进。故E选项“有些霸凌者甚至威胁孩子或试图让他们做他们不想做的事情。”符合语境。故选E。
2．根据上文“It is a big problem that affects lots of kids.(这是一个影响很多孩子的大问题。)”以及后文“Being bullied can make kids feel really bad, and the stress of dealing with it can make them feel sick.(被欺负会让孩子们感觉非常糟糕，而处理这种事情的压力会让他们感到恶心。)”可知，上文提到霸凌是一个大问题，影响到很多孩子，后文讲述了其给被欺负者带来的负面影响，可知本句是在说明被欺负着的人数，C选项中they have been bullied or teased可与后文中Being bullied相对应。故C选项“四分之三的孩子说他们曾被欺负或戏弄。”符合语境。故选C。
3．本空为本段小标题，根据本段内容“Some bullies are looking for attention.They might think bullying is a way to be popular or to get what they want.Most bullies are trying to make themselves feel more important.When they pick on someone else, it can make them feel big and powerful.Some bullies come from families where everyone is angry and shouting all the time.(一些霸凌者在寻求关注。他们可能认为欺凌是一种受欢迎或得到他们想要的东西的方式。大多数霸凌者都试图让自己觉得自己更重要。当他们欺负别人时，会让他们觉得自己很强大。有些恃强凌弱者的家庭里，每个人都很愤怒，总是大喊大叫。)”可知，本段主要围绕着霸凌者会为什么霸凌别人进行分析，故B选项“为什么霸凌者会那样做？”符合语境。故选B。
4．根据后文“As much as you can, avoid the bully.You can't go into hiding or skip class, of course.But if you can take a different route and avoid the mean kid, do so.Stand tall and be brave.When you're scared of another person, you're probably not feeling you are brave.But sometimes just acting bravely is enough to stop a bully.(尽你所能，避免霸凌者。当然，你不能躲起来或逃课。但如果你能选择不同的路线，避开坏孩子，那就去做吧。抬头挺胸，要勇敢。当你害怕另一个人时，你可能并不觉得自己勇敢。但有时只要勇敢地行动，就足以阻止一个恶霸。)”可知，后文主要说明要勇敢地行动，不要给霸凌者欺负你的机会，故G选项“不要给霸凌者机会。”符合语境。故选G。
5．根据上文“Talk to someone you trust if you are bothered by a bully.(如果你被欺负了，和你信任的人谈谈。)”以及后文“Make a plan to walk with a friend or two on the way to school, recess, lunch, or wherever you think you might meet the bully.(制定一个计划，和一两个朋友一起在上学、课间休息、午餐或任何你认为可能会遇到霸凌者的地方散步。)”可知，上文假定了情境是你遭受了霸凌，后文提到建议做好计划以和朋友同行去任何可能遭受霸凌的地方，即借助朋友的力量来避免被霸凌。故F选项“如果你想避免被霸凌，两个人比一个人更好。”符合语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Born in Tennessee in 2001, Moziah Bridges has a gift for fashion.When he was very_1.A_ he traded bow ties (蝴蝶领结) for candies in the school playground.However, Moziah's_2.D_ fashion sense led him to home in on (集中精力于) his gift for _3.B_,_and he started his own company at the age of 9.What he _4.A_ most were bow ties.But the _5.C_ was that he felt that none of his bow ties attracted young people.Thus, the _6.B_ step for Moziah was to _7.D_ ties that are suitable for the young.He _8.B_ his grandmother to teach him how to sew (缝纫) and worked _9.A_ to improve.As a result, Mo's Bows was given to the world.The colorful, handmade ties quickly achieved _10.C_ on major networks.Moziah said that designing a colorful bow tie was just part of his _11.C_ of making the world a fun and happier place.
Now, the Mo's Bows website starts to sell other products, such as pocket squares and T-shirts.
Moziah is also best known for having_12.A_ on the NBC reality TV series “Shark Tank” at the age of 11, increasing the _13.D_ and popularity of his products and he has earned over $165,000 from his business.
Recently, Moziah sold his Go Mo bow tie and_14.B_ $1,600 to give to Glenview Summer Camp, which was enough to _15.C_ the camp costs for 10 kids.Moziah's next plan is to help more people in need.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Moziah Bridges的故事。他在很小的时候就会用领结去交换糖果，后来9岁创立了公司，之后经过自己的努力，公司经营发展的越来越好，而后他用公司经营的钱去做公益。
1．A.young B．poor
C．thirsty D．busy
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他很小的时候，他就在学校操场上用领结换糖果。A.young年轻的；岁数不大的；B.poor贫穷的；C.thirsty口渴的；D.busy繁忙的。根据后文句中的地点状语“in the school playground”意为“在学校操场上”，说明他当时还是学生，很年轻。故选A。
2．A.doubtful B．terrible
C．strange D．strong
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Moziah强烈的时尚感让他集中精力于自己的穿衣装扮天赋，他在9岁时就开了自己的公司。A.doubtful不确定；怀疑的；B.terrible可怕的；非常严重的；C.strange奇怪的；陌生的；D.strong坚强的；擅长的；突出的。根据前文“Moziah Bridges has a gift for fashion”可知，他在时尚方面有天赋，即他的时尚感很强烈。故选D。
3．A.staying up B．dressing up
C．cleaning up D．cheering up
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同上题。A.staying up熬夜；B.dressing up盛装打扮；打扮；C.cleaning up清理；D.cheering up使高兴；使振奋。根据前文“When he was very_1_he traded bow ties for candies in the school playground.”可知，他在很小的时候就用蝴蝶领结这种装饰物与人换糖，因此应是在“装扮”上有天赋。故选B。
4．A.loved B．needed
C．wanted D．feared
解析：考动词词义辨析。句意：他最喜欢的是领结。A.loved热爱；B.needed需要；C.wanted想要；D.feared害怕。后文“But the _5_ was that he felt that none of his bow ties attracted young people.”与“What he_4_ most were bow ties.”为转折关系，后文提到他的领结没有一个能吸引年轻人，由此可推知，设空句表达相反含义，应是表达他个人最爱的是领结。故选A。
5．A.reason B．worry
C．problem D．plan
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但问题是，他觉得自己的领结没有一个能吸引年轻人。A.reason原因；B.worry 担心；担忧；C.problem问题；D.plan计划。根据后文“he felt that none of his bow ties attracted young people”可知，他的领结没有一个能吸引年轻人，这应该是他遇到的难题。故选C。
6．A.same B．next
C．wrong D．previous
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，Moziah下一步要做的就是设计适合年轻人的领结。A.same相同的；B.next下一个的；C.wrong错误的；D.previous先前的；以往的。根据前文“none of his bow ties attracted young people”可知，他遇到了难题，因此下一步是解决问题，前后应是因果承接关系，讲述解决问题的步骤，“the next step”，符合句意表达。故选B。
7．A.predict B．collect
C．accept D．create
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A.predict预言；预测；B.collect收集；C.accept接受；D.create创造；设计。根据前文“none of his bow ties attracted young people”可知，他的领结没有一个能吸引年轻人，因此需要设计出能够吸引年轻人的领结。故选D。
8．A.allowed B．asked
C．ordered D．hated
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让他的祖母教他如何缝纫，并不知疲倦地努力改进。A.allowed允许；B.asked 询问；请求；C.ordered命令；D.hated讨厌；憎恨。根据后文宾语“his grandmother”可知，他请求祖母教给他如何制作领结，“ask sb.to do sth.”，“请求某人做某事”。故选B。
9．A.tirelessly B．carelessly
C．helplessly D．hopelessly
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A.tirelessly不知疲倦地；不屈不挠地；B.carelessly粗心地；漫不经心地；C.helplessly 无助地；无能为力地；D.hopelessly绝望地。分析可知，所选副词应是修饰动词“worked”，且后文“to improve”为目的状语，为了有所改善或提高，他应是不知疲倦的努力工作。故选A。
10．A.independence B．balance
C．popularity D．protection
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种色彩丰富的手工领带很快在各大网络上流行起来。A.independence独立；B.balance平衡；C.popularity普及；流行；D.protection保护。根据前文“The colorful, handmade ties”可知，“colorful”，“handmade”表示褒义，由此推断，这种领结取得了成功，流行开来。故选C。
11．A.story B．research
C．dream D．training
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Moziah说，设计一个彩色领结只是他想让世界成为一个有趣和幸福的地方的梦想的一部分。A.story故事；B.research调查；研究；C.dream梦想；D.training训练。根据后文“making the world a fun and happier place”可知，让这个世界变得有趣和幸福是他的梦想。故选C。
12．A.appeared B．served
C．grown D．checked
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Moziah还因在11岁时出现在美国全国广播公司的真人秀电视连续剧《创智赢家》而闻名，这提高了他的产品的销售和知名度，他从自己的生意中赚了超过16.5万美元。A.appeared出现；显得；B.served提供；服务；C.grown发展；成长；D.checked检查；核对。根据后文“the NBC reality TV series ‘Shark Tank’” 可知，他应是参加了该节目NBC电视真人秀《创智赢家》，即，出现在电视真人秀节目中。故选A。
13．A.flow B．quality
C．costs D．sales
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A.flow流动；B.quality质量；C.costs费用；D.sales销售；销售量。根据后文“he has earned over $165,000 from his business”可知，他从自己的生意中赚了超过16.5万美元，因此应是由于参加真人秀节目，使得产品的销售量和自己的知名度方面有所增加。故选D。
14．A.borrowed B．raised
C．lost D．demanded
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，Moziah卖掉了他的Go Mo领结，筹集了1,600美元捐给Glenview夏令营，这些钱足够支付10个孩子的夏令营费用。A.borrowed 借；借用；B.raised提升；筹集；增加；C.lost丢失；D.demanded要求。根据后文“Moziah's next plan is to help more people in need.”可知，Moziah的下一个计划是帮助更多有需要的人，因此可推知，将Go Mo 领结卖掉是为了帮助Glenview夏令营筹钱。故选B。
15．A.reduce B．change
C．cover D．increase
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上题。A.reduce 减少；B.change改变；C.cover覆盖；足够支付D.increase增加。根据后文宾语“the camp costs”可知，所选词应表达“足够支付”含义。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practicing their language skills and learning_1.about/from_ different cultures.With the Internet, finding friends has been much _2.easier_ (easy) and such relationship is called key pals.However, you should take care when _3.finding_ (find) friends on the Internet.
First, look for reviews of your chosen sites_4.to_learn_ (learn) more about other students' experiences.Don't join service until you have done your research.Then, you'd better use a nickname, rather than your real name to protect _5.yourself_ (you), and never give personal _6.information_ (inform) to anyone, your home address, phone number and birthday included.What's more, you should stop contact with others if you feel _7.uncomfortable_ (comfort) with the topics of conversation.Meanwhile, it's best to ask appropriate questions to learn someone's personal experience, _8.which_ may help you understand _9.the_ whole culture.Most importantly, tell your teachers, parents or even the police_10.if/when_ a problem arises.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章中作者对于学生在网上找朋友一事，说明了需要注意的一些问题。
解析：
1．考查介词。句意：许多学生想把在网上交友作为练习语言技能和学习不同文化的一种方式。这里表示“关于”，用介词about；或表示“从……”，用介词from。故填about/from。
2．考查形容词的比较级。句意：有了互联网，找朋友变得更容易了，这种关系被称为网友。这里表示“找朋友变得更容易了”，且much修饰比较级，该空用形容词的比较级。故填easier。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，当你在网上找朋友时，应该小心。分析句子结构，when _3_(find) friends on the Internet在句中作时间状语，find与其逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填finding。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，查看你所选网站的评论，以更多地了解其他学生的经历。分析句子结构，_4_(learn) more about other students' experiences在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式(to do)。故填to learn。
5．考查反身代词。句意：然后，为了保护你自己，你最好使用昵称，而不是真实姓名，永远不要把个人信息透露给任何人，包括你的家庭住址、电话号码和生日。表示“保护你自己”，用反身代词。故填yourself。
6．考查名词。句意：同上题。该空作give的宾语，用名词，且information是不可数名词。故填information。
7．考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，如果你对谈话的话题感到不舒服，你应该停止与他人接触。该空作感官动词feel的表语，用形容词；根据“you should stop contact with others”可知这里意思是“如果你对谈话的话题感到不舒服”。故填uncomfortable。
8．考查定语从句。句意：同时，最好问一些适当的问题来了解别人的个人经历，这可以帮助你了解整个文化。_8_may help you understand _9_ whole culture是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词questions，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，用which引导该从句。故填which。
9．考查冠词。句意：同上题。whole通常和the连用，构成the whole表示“整个”。故填the。
10．考查连词。句意：最重要的是，如果/当出现问题，告诉你的老师、父母甚至警察。表示“如果出现问题”，用if引导条件状语从句；或表示“当出现问题时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填if/when。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
你校英语节组织“你最喜爱的卡通电影人物”英语征文评选。你打算推荐“花木兰”，请你根据以下提示写一篇短文参加评选。
1．简述木兰代父从军的故事；
2．你喜欢这一角色的理由。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文章的开头已为你写好，不计入词数。
I wish to choose Mulan as my favourite cartoon character.
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参考范文：
I_wish_to_choose_Mulan_as_my_favourite_cartoon_character.
Living in ancient times, Mulan is a young girl who decides to go to join the army as a way to help her family.Because her baby brother is too young to enlist, she makes this sacrifice in order to stop the forced recruitment of her father.As only men could join the army in these times，Mulan disguises herself as a man to trick the army officers.
I really love this character because she is both brave and caring.She fights with courage and determination and she makes a great contribution to her country.She is also a wonderful role model，showing women，and people in general, that they need not feel limited about what they can achieve.(共126张PPT)
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
单元核心素养
提示：加黑部分为高考重点词汇，需积累。画线部分为高考写作常用佳句，需背诵。
With the Spring Festival approaching in 2020, the novel coronavirus(新冠病毒) became more and more serious in Wuhan.All the masks in drugstores disappeared overnight，and even hand sanitizer(洗手液)，alcohol and other items were snapped up.At that time no one really knew much about it and the whole nation got into a panic. Dangerous as it was，in this critical moment，a batch of medical staff came forward to fight day and night at the forefront.They were called “the rebel(逆行者)”．
单元话题导读
Among them, Professor Zhong Nanshan，an 84-year-old “old soldier” was the first to come to the battlefield.Not only did he lead but also he took an active part in the battle against the virus.He told people how to treat the dangerous situation and taught people how to prevent the virus.Under their efforts，the “new enemy” of the novel coronavirus was stopped in its track.
Professor Zhong Nanshan is like a mountain in front of people when they are about to fall.It makes people feel safe and secure.
佳句
1．With the Spring Festival approaching in 2020，the novel coronavirus(新冠病毒)became more and more serious in Wuhan.
分析：画线部分为with复合结构，在句中作状语。
链接：With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
2．Dangerous as it was，in this critical moment，a batch of medical staff came forward to fight day and night at the forefront.
分析：画线部分为as引导的倒装句。
链接：Busy as I am with the lessons, I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.
(2017·天津，书面表达)
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，
Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．_______ adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意
2．________ n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．____________ vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图→______________ n.图表，插图；图解；图示
4．__________ adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．__________ n.结婚；婚姻 → _______v.结婚，娶，嫁→_________ adj.已婚的
moral
virtue
illustrate
illustration
precious
marriage
marry
married
6．__________ n.大部分；大多数→_______ adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→__________ n.少数民族；少数
7．__________ vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→___________ n.抱怨；牢骚；投诉
8．_____ n.专业服务费；报酬
9．_________ vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→__________ n.反应；回答；回复
10．_______ n.协会；联合会；工会
11．_____________ n.奖学金
majority
major
minority
complain
complaint
fee
respond
response
union
scholarship
12．______ vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n.租借；租用
13．___________ n.医师；(尤指)内科医生→___________ n.物理学家→__________ adj.身体的；物理的→_________ n.物理学
14．___________ n.同事；同僚
15．________ vt.拒绝接受；不录用→___________ n.拒绝接受；否决
16．_________ vt.任命；委派→_____________ n.任命，委派
17．_______ n.诊所；门诊部→_________ adj.临床的； 临床诊断的
hire
physician
physicist
physical
physics
colleague
reject
rejection
appoint
appointment
clinic
clinical
18．_________ adj.遥远的
19．_______ vt.选举；推选→__________ n.选举；推选；当选→_________ n.选举人
20．________ n.十年；十年期
21．___________ adv.在别处；去别处
22．______ vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→__________ n.趋势；倾向
23．________ vt.发表(作品)；出版→__________ n.出版人(或机构)
faraway
elect
election
elector
decade
elsewhere
tend
tendency
publish
publisher
24．_______ n.员工；全体职员
25．________ vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→____________ n.退休→_________ adj.退休的
26．________ n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款
27．______________ n.学前班；幼儿园
28．___________ n.道德原则；法则；原则
29．_________ adj.被动的；顺从的
30．_______ vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.使惊吓→________ adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→_______ adj.引起恐慌的
staff
retire
retirement
retired
saving
kindergarten
principle
passive
scare
scared
scary
31．_______ adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→_________ v.使变锋利
32．___________ n.保险；保险业
33．___________ adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→________ n.精力；力量；能源
34．_________ vt.接替；取代；更换→_____________ n.替换；更换；替代品；替换
sharp
sharpen
insurance
energetic
energy
replace
replacement
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．carry sb._________ sth.帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to ____ sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．get ____ trouble陷入困境；遇到麻烦
4．not ______... but also...不仅……而且……
5．be famous _____因……而闻名
6．be affected ____被……影响/感动
7．instead ____代替；而不是
8．would rather ____ sth.宁愿做某事
9．graduate ______从……毕业
through
do
in
only
for
by
of
do
from
10．because ____因为；由于
11．____ need of需要
12．care _____照看；喜欢
13．be responsible _____对……负责
14．treat...____...把……当作
15．be known ____...作为……而闻名；被称为
16．____ one's own属于某人自己的
17．be ready to ____sth.乐意干某事
18．not..._____ more不再……
of
in
for
for
as
as
of
do
any
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．To a person ___________________________________...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
2．She responded，“I'd ____________ single to study all my life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
3．She immediately became the first woman ever _____________ as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
nothing is more precious than their life
rather stay
to be hired
4．At times she _____ even _____________ a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
5．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，__________________ over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
was
seen riding
having delivered
Ⅳ.课文预读
1．Lin Qiaozhi's brother wanted her to___.
A．study medicine and help poor people
B．stay single all her life
C．follow the traditional way of marriage like other girls
D．study hard and hold an important position
C
2．Why was she called the“mother of ten thousand babies”？___
A．Because she has many babies.
B．Because she adopted ten thousand babies.
C．Because she delivered many babies.
D．Because she liked babies.
3．According to the passage，what kind of person do you think Dr Lin was？___
A．Responsible and patient. B．Strict and selfish.
C．Outgoing and amazing. D．Moody and serious.
C
A
4．What does the passage mainly talk about？___
A．Dr Lin was different from other women.
B．Dr Lin was hired as a resident physician.
C．It's hard for Dr Lin to make the choice.
D．Dr Lin made great contributions to Chinese medical industry.
D
5．Which is the correct order of the events in Dr Lin's life？___
①Her mother died.
②She was sent to Europe to study.
③She was elected to the first National People's Congress.
④She was named a chief resident physician.
⑤She opened a private clinic.
A．①③②④⑤ B．①④②⑤③
C．②①④③⑤ D．④②③①⑤
B
课内要点探究
When I have a different opinion, I always respect the opinion of the majority.
当我有不同观点时，我总是尊重多数人的观点。
重 点 单 词
1．majority n. 大部分；大多数
The majority of the students hold the view that it's convenient to go to school by electric bike.
大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。
After all, those who are against the project are in the majority.
毕竟，反对这个项目的人占多数。
(1)be in the/a majority占多数
a/the majority of……的大多数
(2)major v.主修(major in...主修……)
adj.主要的
n.主修课程
(3)minor adj.次要的
(4)minority n.少数
a/the minority of少数的
be in the/a minority占少数
the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
“the majority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①The __________(major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by the dust.
②In Britain women are ____the majority.
③An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _____(be) against it.
④Tom and I have something in common: we both major ____engineering.
majority
in
are
in
完成句子
⑤Briefly speaking, smoking is_________________________(主要原因之一)of cancer.
⑥One-third of the country is covered with grass and ________________ (大多数)the citizens live in tents.
⑦In college I ____________(主修)Natural Science.What was your major
one of the major causes
the majority of
majored in
I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams.
我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk at yesterday's meeting.
贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。
2．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
(1)complain about...抱怨……
complain (to sb.) that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
(2)complaint n.抱怨
make a complaint to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
a flood of complaints大量的投诉
complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。
I explained the situation to my bank manager.
我向我的银行经理说明了情况。
单句语法填空
①Mothers often complain ____ their children _______ wrestling on the bed.
②He will complain _______ having to do so much paperwork.
③Why don't you make a ___________(complain) against your noisy neighbors
to
about
about
complaint
完成句子
④She _______________________(向我抱怨说) no one could tell her the feature of the house.
⑤We should think how to deal with the problems instead of __________ ____________________(抱怨别人的错误)．
一句多译
他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。
⑥He is always _______________________ the stressful life.
⑦He is always ____________________________ the stressful life.
complained to me that
complaining
about others' mistakes
complaining to me about
making a complaint to me about
She responded to my letter with a phone call.
她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。
When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。
3．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应
(1)respond to...(with sth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应
respond that...回答说……
(2)response n.反应；回答；回复
in response to...作为对……的答复/反应
make a response(to...)(对……)做出回应/反应
respond, answer, reply
respond 为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词
answer 为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词
reply 为不及物动词，与answer 用法基本相同，但稍正式一些
I asked him his name, but he didn't respond.
我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。
He answered that he did go there last night.
他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。
It's your turn now to reply to these charges.
现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。
单句语法填空
①(2020·河北邢台期末)Devices(设备) that can recognize and respond ____ a human voice have been developed.
②(2018·北京改编)Not everyone acts the same in response ____ events, and that is why what triggers(引起) one person may or may not trigger another.
to
to
③If you do not understand the question asked at a security checkpoint(安检员), ask the person to repeat his question until you are able to respond ______ an accurate answer.
④After all, knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly ____emergencies.
⑤He made no __________(respond) to my question, and went on with his movie.
with
to
response
⑥We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip, but no one _______________(respond) by now.
完成句子
⑦How did they____________(对……做出反应)the news
⑧He__________________________________(没有回复) my congratulation letter.
has responded
respond to
made no response to/didn't respond to
She was appointed (as/to be) monitor at the class meeting.
在班会上她被任命为班长。
She has recently been appointed to the committee.
她最近被任命为委员会的委员。
They appointed her to take care of that old man.
他们派她去照顾那位老人。
4．appoint vt.任命；委派
(1)appoint sb.(as/to be)＋职位 某人担任……职位
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n.任命；委派；约定
make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约
keep/break an appointment守约/违约
(3)appointed adj.约定的；指定的
单句语法填空
①Samon，disabled，is attended throughout his school days by a nurse ___________(appoint)to guard him.
②I hate to rush you，but I have another_____________(appoint)．
③To his joy, he _____________(appoint)as manager.After all，this represented his ability.And the moment he received the ___________ (appoint ) letter, he called and made an _____________(appoint) with his former teacher，for whose help he was grateful.
④The agricultural expert can only be visited ____appointment.
appointed
appointment
was appointed
appointment
appointment
by
完成句子
⑤The board of directors_____________________________(任命他为经理)．
⑥In no case should we fail to_____________________(守约)．
appointed him to be manager
keep an appointment
Most people retire at 60.
大多数人在60岁时退休。
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。
After lunch, he retired to his study.
午饭后他去了书房。
5．retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)
a retired teacher退休教师
take early retirement 提前退休
retirement age 退休年龄
a long and happy retirement长久幸福的退休生活
resign vt.& vi.辞职；听任
resign from 辞职
resign to托付给；听任
单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷完形)A _________(retire)engineer,76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
76岁的威尔逊是一名退休工程师，过去8年来，他一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。
②At age 68, he retired ______ the post office，but he never stopped serving the community.
68岁时他从邮局退休，但他从未停止过对社区的服务。
retired
from
③My soccer coach ________(retire) last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his ____________(retire)party.
我的足球教练上周退休了。我想在他的退休晚会上为他做点儿特别的事情。
④After he _________(retire) from office, Tom took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
⑤When the world-famous tennis player announced her ____________ (retire), she couldn't help crying.
retired
retirement
retired
retirement
⑥He has agreed to struggle on, though he hopes to retire ______ his position.
⑦They will hold a party in celebration of her ____________(retire)．
⑧The other day a _________(retire) couple came to my office.
from
retirement
retired
The terrible sounds scared the children.
可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
He doesn't scare easily.
他不轻易害怕。
6．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
(1)scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死
scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑
scare sb.into/out of (doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
It scares sb.to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened)
be scared of...害怕/担心……
be scared to death吓得要死
be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared that...害怕
(3)scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的
We were scared to death when the fire broke out.Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.
突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。
She was scared to go out alone at night because she was scared of being bitten by the snake.
她害怕晚上独自外出因为她害怕被那条蛇咬到。
She didn't like riding because she was scared that the horse might kick her.
她不喜欢骑马因为她害怕马会踢她。
单句语法填空
①When we are getting excited, angry or ________(scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes.
②The turkey was scared _________ at the sight of us.
③I really thought I was going to fall—it was a _______(scare) moment.
④The atmosphere was _______ and we felt ________ staying in the room.(scare)
scared
away/off
scary
scary
scared
完成句子
⑤Many customers have been____________________(被吓得买) organic food.
⑥The local farmers used to light a fire__________________(吓跑) the wolves.
⑦She was _________________(害怕进入)the yard because she was ________________________ (害怕被咬) by the big dog lying at the gate.
scared into buying
to scare away/off
scared to go into
scared of being bitten
There was a sharp increase in unemployment in that area last year.
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。
7．sharp adj.(增长，下跌等)急剧的；敏锐的；急转的；锋利的；明显的 adv.(用于时间后表示准时)(……点)整，准确地；正好地
There are birds, like the mountain eagles, which eat meat with their strong sharp beaks.
有些像山鹰一样的鸟，用它们强有力的尖喙吃肉。
We heard a voice sing out in a clear, sharp tone.
我们听到了一阵清脆嘹亮的歌声。
He is a journalist with an extremely sharp mind.
他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。
Be careful with the sharp bend in the road.
小心路上的急转弯。
She planned to unlock the shop at 8∶00 sharp this morning.
她计划今早8点整打开店门。
a sharp drop in the prices价格暴跌
a sharp knife一把锋利的刀
a sharp contrast 鲜明的对比
sharp eyes 敏锐的视力
a sharp tongue 说话刻薄
be sharp with... 对……说话刻薄
a sharp sense of humour很强的幽默感
a sudden sharp pain 突然的剧痛
a sharp bend 急拐弯
Be at my home at six o'clock sharp, not a second before or after.
6点钟准时到我家，不能早一秒，也不能迟一秒。
(1)sharply adv.急剧地，大幅度地；严厉地，毫不客气地
fall sharply 急剧下降
(2)sharpen vt.(使)变得锋利
写出下列句中 sharp的含义
①Unfortunately, I cut my foot on a sharp stone and caught my hair on a branch. ________
②As we all know，an eagle has sharp eyesight. ________
③Suddenly，he felt a sharp pain in the stomach. ________
④He fainted when riding to work.The bike made a sharp turn to the left.
________
尖的
敏锐的
剧烈的
急转的
单句语法填空
⑤He was sharp ______his colleagues when they were late.
⑥The price of petrol has risen _________(sharp) since last month.
⑦The pencil doesn't write well；I should _________(sharp) it before I draw the great figure.
with
sharply
sharpen
All the students in her class are eager to learn.
她班上的学生都渴望学习。
Our company is eager to expand into new markets.
我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。
重 点 短 语
1．be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
(1)be eager for sth.渴求某事物
be eager in热衷于
(2)eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地
look at sb.eagerly急切地看着某人
(3)eagerness n.渴望；热心
with eagerness急切地
单句语法填空
①Faced with the good chance, they are eager ________(take) advantage of it.
②They were crowded in the church, eager _____ any news.
③She is eager __________(dress) up for the ceremony.
④His ___________(eager) to find a job is clear to everyone.
to take
for
to dress
eagerness
⑤The children _________(eager) learn something new from the teacher every day.
⑥The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager _____ knowledge and eager _________(make) progress, so she is eager ____ her study and is always praised by her teachers.
eagerly
for
to make
in
We are faced with a serious problem.
我们面临着一个严重的问题。
She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar surroundings with strange people.
她面对着一份全新工作，周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
2．be faced with面临；面对
in the face of sth.面对(问题、困难等)
face to face面对面地
lose face丢脸，失面子
save face保全面子
make faces/a face做鬼脸
face the music勇于承担后果；接受惩罚
face the sea面朝大海
face north/east朝北/朝东
look in the face正视(某人)
Let's face it！面对现实吧！
be faced with不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过去分词短语faced with。现在分词facing作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后直接跟宾语，不与介词with连用。
单句语法填空
①To his joy, the problem he was faced ______ was not so challenging.
②_______(face) with these pressures, you can watch a comedy to relax.
解析：可根据face后有无with判断face是否用-ed形式。
③________(face) a range of choices, he was at a loss.
④They didn't give up ____ the face of difficulties.
⑤Ever since then I've been longing to meet him face ____ face.
with
Faced
Facing
in
to
完成句子
⑥Talking with friends ______________(面对面地) is a good way to reduce the pressure from work and life.
⑦When ____________(面对) the unexpected accident, he kept calm and saved his son from the burning building.
⑧Dressed up in his best clothes, the boy _______________________(做鬼脸) at the customers.
face to face
faced with
made a face/made faces
一句多译
⑨面对这一重大变化，大家都深受鼓舞。
________________________________ the significant change, everyone felt greatly encouraged.
In the face of/Faced with/Facing
He was the only person who could carry the country through.
他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。
It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through.
这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。
3．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
carry sth.through成功完成，顺利完成
carry out实施；履行；执行
carry on继续移动
carry on sth.从事某事
carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry on with sth.(carry sth.on)继续做某事
carry away运走
carry off赢得；获得；成功对付
carry weight有影响力；重要；有分量
单句语法填空
①His determination carried him_________the hard time.
②I'd be grateful if you let me carry on ______my job.
③Carry ____until you get to the crossing，and you will see a shop where you can buy envelopes.
④If you carry on __________(spend) money like that, you will end up in debt.
through
with
on
spending
完成句子
⑤We are determined to _______________(完成)all our plans.
⑥In spite of the difficulty, I will___________________(实施我的计划)．
carry through
carry out my plan
Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。
4．be responsible for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
responsibility n.责任；负责
a strong sense of responsibility很强的责任感
have responsibility for负责
take responsibility for...对……负责
It's sb's responsibility to do sth.干某事是某人的职责。
单句语法填空
①Who is responsible _____ the traffic accident that happened yesterday
②Human activity is not responsible _____ all water shortages.
完成句子
③We need to _____________________ looking after our own health.
我们必须对自己的健康负责。
④Each manager _____________________ just under 600 properties.
每位经理负责近600处房产。
for
for
take responsibility for
has responsibility for
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，主语是nothing，is是系动词，precious是表语。
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义
该结构的具体用法如下：
①构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级，有时其后加than
②常用的否定词：nothing，no，not，never，nobody
重 点 句 型
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
③含义：没有比……更……，再……不过了
—What do you think of the film last night
——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
—It couldn't be worse.
——没有比它更糟糕的了。
Nothing is more precious than time.
没有什么比时间更宝贵。
In my opinion, no experience is more valuable than the experience gained from one's own sweat.
在我看来，没有什么经验比自己通过艰苦努力得来的经验更宝贵。
He is taller than any other student in his class.
He is taller than anyone else in his class.
He is taller than all the other students in his class.
No one in his class is taller than he.
上面的other，others，else是学习中很容易忽略的地方，稍不注意就容易出错。
有一个原则是必须遵守的，即同一范围内的比较，比较的对象不能相互包含，需要排除主语本身。
He is cleverer than any other student in his class.
他比他班里任何别的学生都聪明。(如果没有other，句子就错了，因为“他”也是班里学生中的一员)
单句语法填空
①—How is your new babysitter
—We couldn't find a ________(good) one.All our kids love her so much.
②(四川高考单项填空改编)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan.
—I've never had a _______________(pleasant) one before.
③As we know, Tokyo is ________(large) than any other ______(city) in Japan.
better
more pleasant
larger
city
翻译句子
④(2021·广东深圳期中)How nice the music sounds! I have never heard a better piece.
_________________________________________________
⑤Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
____________________________________________
这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
句型转换
He is the most helpful student in his class.
⑥You can't find ________________ student in his class.
⑦He is more helpful than ___________ student in his class.
⑧He is more helpful than _______________ students in his class.
a more helpful
any other
all the other
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。
(2)would rather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。
I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.I would rather be in prison!
我说了我一分钟也忍受不了了，我宁愿待在监狱里！
2．She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
(1)would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
＝would do...rather than do...
prefer to do...rather than do...
(2)would rather (not) do/have done...宁愿(不)做……
(3)would rather＋从句
I'd rather not go climbing this weekend.Also, I'd rather you stayed home and read novels with me.
这周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想让你和我一起待在家中看小说。
would rather后接从句时，若表示与现在或将来情况相反，从句用一般过去时；若表示与过去情况相反，从句用过去完成时。
单句语法填空
①She would rather ______(move) to another city immediately.
②Jane would rather ___________(be) more careful at that time.
③I'd rather you _____(meet) her at the airport tomorrow morning.
④He complained that he'd rather he __________(be) more strict with us then.
⑤Tom would rather live an independent life ______ rely on his parents.
move
have been
met
had been
than
完成句子
⑥I would walk the dog after supper _____________(而不是) at home.
⑦_____________(而不是) take a bus to school, I prefer to go on foot.
句型转换
⑧I'd rather have a try than wait doing nothing.
→I _______ have a try rather than wait doing nothing.
⑨I would rather have hired him as my secretary last year.
→I would rather I ___________ him as my secretary last year.
rather than
Rather than
would
had hired
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the first woman是表语，不定式to be hired作后置定语，修饰woman。
Li Ming is often the first student to arrive at school in the morning.
李明经常是早晨第一个到校的学生。
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
(2)不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
④被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；
⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；
⑥there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
The next train to arrive is from Beijing.
下一趟到达的火车来自北京。
Get him something to eat.
给他拿点东西吃。
I have no courage to try again after failure.
失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。
She is the only woman to have been elected to such a post.
她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。
There is nothing to worry about.
没什么可担心的。
单句语法填空
①Xu Haifeng is the first Chinese athlete ________(get) Olympic gold medal.
②She was the first girl in our school _____________(admit) to Tsinghua University.
一句多译
她总是第一个回答问题。
③She is always the first _____________________.(用不定式作定语)
④She is always the first _______________________.(定语从句)
to get
to be admitted
to answer questions
who answers questions
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，was seen是谓语，riding a donkey是动词-ing形式作主语补足语。
(2)“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
常见的感官动词有 listen, watch, look, observe, see, notice, hear, feel 等。“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式：
4．At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
She is watching the computer being repaired.
她在看别人修电脑。
We felt the ground under our feet cave in.
我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。
单句语法填空
①I looked up and saw a beautiful bird __________(stand) on a branch.
②The manager was satisfied to see many pots of good quality ______ (make) after great effort.
③His colleague was seen ________(enter) the building at that moment.
④I saw the old man ___________(disappear) in the distance.
⑤The old man was seen _____________(disappear) in the distance.
⑥The children noticed the thief _______(take) away by a group of policemen.
standing
made
entering
disappear
to disappear
taken
⑦(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷语法填空)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
⑧(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
surrounding
decorated
完成句子
⑨_____________________(看见太阳升起) above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
⑩When he ______________________(看见所有的文件散落) here and there on the floor, he began to get angry.
Seeing the sun rising
saw all his papers lying
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是she was known as the“mother of ten thousand babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having delivered...是动词-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。
5．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
(2)动词-ing 形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性的后置定语。
This question, having been discussed for more than 2 years, has now been solved.
讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)
I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert.
我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)
Having finished the letter, he folded it and put it into the envelope.
写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)
单句语法填空
①_____________(see) the film twice，I decided to stay at home.
②_________________ (answer) the teacher's questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed.
Having seen
Having answered
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They were living rather well，in comparison with people _________ (其他地方)in the world.
2．I refuse to lie about it; it's against my____________(原则)．
3．The manager seemed a hard-working and___________(精力充沛的)leader.
4．A family break allows you to spend __________(宝贵的) time together.
5．He was faced with the ________(困境) of whether or not to return to his country.
elsewhere
principles
energetic
precious
dilemma
6．Charles declared the result of the__________(选举)．
7．She won a _____________(奖学金) to go to university.
8．There has been very little __________(反应) to our call for help.
9．The news of their __________(结婚) was not made public until three months later.
10．The __________(大多数) of his books are kept upstairs.
election
scholarship
response
marriage
majority
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them _____(be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
2．I'm now writing to complain _______ the service of your hotel.
3．Teamwork teaches us to be patient and how to respond ____ different people.
4．Getting the most votes, Jack was appointed ____ monitor.
5．People under stress tend ____________(develop) their full range of potential.
are
about
to
as
to develop
6．The most successful _________(retire) athletes are those who can apply the life skills they learned in sports to another area of life.
7．The thief was scared ____ death when hearing the gunshot.
8．I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced ______ some other less-competitive events.
9．It has been my duty to help my mom take care ____ my little brothers and sisters.
10．I'd rather you ______(come) tomorrow than today.
retired
to
with
of
came
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Sometimes, our wrong decisions can leave us ______________.
有时候，我们的错误决定会使我们处于困境之中。
2．China is ______________________________ man-made spaceship into the space.
中国是第一个向太空中发射人造飞船的发展中国家。
3．All I received ________________ my request was “Wait”．
我收到的回应我的请求全部是“等候”。
in a dilemma
the first developing country to send
in response to
4．I'm sure that those who agree to the plan will be ________________.
我确信同意这个计划的人将会占多数。
5．To me, you are unique, and no one ___________________________ in my heart.
对于我来说，你是独一无二的，没有人可以代替你在我心里的位置。
in the majority
can replace your position
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Lin Qiaozhi was five, her mother died, 1.________ affected her deeply.At age 18, she chose to study medicine against her brother's will. Eight years 2.________ (late), Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and became the first woman to work as 3.___ resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.After several years, she 4.__________ (send) to study in Europe and then in 1939, in the US.She left such a good impression 5.____her American colleagues that they invited her to stay.However, Lin rejected the offer and returned to China.
which
later
a
was sent
on
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman 6.________________ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.When the department was closed because of the war, she opened a private clinic to continue to treat the patients.She was even seen 7._________ (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
Lin Qiaozhi held many important positions, but she was 8.____________ (interested) in tending patients, training staff in her department 9._______ publishing medical research.Dr Lin never married and she kept working until her death in 1983.She left her 10._________ (saving) to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
to be appointed
riding
more interested
and
savings
解析：
1．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子为非限制性定语从句且空处在从句中作主语，指代主句her mother died这一内容。故应用关系代词which。
2．考查副词。此处表示八年以后。副词later意为“以后，后来”，而形容词late意为“迟到的，晚的”。故填later。
3．考查冠词。句意：八年以后，林巧稚从北京协和医学院毕业，成为北京协和医学院妇产科第一位女性住院医师。根据句意可知，空处表示泛指，表示一位医师，而resident的发音以辅音音素开头。故应填不定冠词a。
4．考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；句子主语she与谓语send之间为动宾关系，因此应用被动语态。故该空应填一般过去时的被动语态was sent。
5．考查介词。句意：她给美国同事留下了如此良好的印象，以至于他们邀请她留下来。leave a(n)．..impression on sb.意为“给某人留下……印象”。故应填介词on。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：1941年，林医生成为第一位被任命为北京协和医学院妇产科主任的中国女性。在序数词后常用不定式作后置定语；作定语的appoint与中心词woman之间为动宾关系，故用动词不定式的被动式to be appointed。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们甚至看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。根据句意可知，人们看到的是她正骑着毛驴，故应用see sb.doing sth.结构，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。故填riding。
8．考查形容词的比较级。此处表示林巧稚身居要职，但她对护理病人等更感兴趣。根据语境可知，此空应用比较级形式。故填more interested。
9．考查连词。根据语境可知，句中的tending patients，training staff in her department以及publishing medical research为并列关系。故应用并列连词and。
10．考查名词复数。此处应指她把积蓄留给了一所幼儿园并给新医生留了一笔基金。saving在此表示“储蓄金，存款”。故填savings。
Ⅴ.结合课文主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1．我们中华民族以自己传统的美德(virtues)而著称，我们应该继承并且实践道德原则(moral principles)。
2．我们应该多了解一下我们民族的历史和文化。
3．在日常生活中，我们应该乐于助人，有一颗善良的心；在学习中，我们应该充满活力(energetic)，刻苦努力。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
参考范文：
We Chinese are known for our traditional virtues.We are supposed to inherit and practice the moral principles.In addition, we should have a better knowledge of our history and rich culture.In our daily life, we should be willing to help others and have a kind heart, and in our study, we should be energetic and hardworking.
夯基提能作业
