2022年中考英语二轮语法专题精讲学案：被动语态

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
被动语态精讲精练
一：语态定义
英语中语态有两种：主动语态（谁做了什么事）和被动语态（什么事被某人做了）。
语态的作用：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。
语态的选用：如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。
例如：We clean the classroom every day.
如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说是动作的对象，谓语则是要用被动语态。
例如：The classroom is cleaned every day.
二：被动语态定义
被动语态是由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
三：被动语态的特点
助动词be 有人称、数和事态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词才能构成被动语态。
考点一 各种时态被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态构成 例句
一般现在时 is/ am/ are + done The room is cleaned every day. 屋子每天被打扫。
一般过去时 was/ were + done The dumplings were made yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。
现在进行时 is/ am/ are + being + done The room is being cleaned now. 现在房间正在被打扫。
过去完成时 had + been + done The two buildings had been built by the end of last month. 到上个月末为止,两座建筑被建成了。
一般将来时 shall/ will + be + done A new bank will be built next year. 明年一个新的银行将被建成。
过去将来时 should/ would + be + done Ann said a new film would be shown. 安说一部新电影将上映。
含有情态动词 情态动词+ be + done The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。
考点二 被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。
2. 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
The homework must be handed in on time. 作业必须按时交上来。
3. 说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。 常用句型:
It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that…据报道……
It is hoped that… 希望…… It is believed that… 人们相信……
带双宾语的两种被动语态形式
1）用直接宾语作主语时在间接宾语前加介词“to”：
I'll give her a present for her birthday． （直接宾语） (give sth to sb)
--A present will be given to her for her birthday by me．
She told me the news． （直接宾语） (tell sth to sb) -----The news was told to me by her．
2）另一种一般用直接宾语作被动语态的主语，且须在间接宾语前加上介词“for”：
I've bought my little sister a sweater． （直接宾语） (buy sth for sb)
---A sweater has been bought for my little sister by me．
Mother cooks some delicious food for me． （直接宾语） (cook sth for sb)
---Some delicious food is cooked for me by Mother．
类似的动词有：read，draw，make，get等。
考点三 主动语态转化为被动语态的方法(主宾互换，动词变be done，原主语加上by)
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2. 把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词)，注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化，但动词的时态保持不变。
3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾语(by 短语可以省略)。
考点四 被动语态的几种特殊情况
1. make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略 to 的动词不定式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原 to。
I often see the old man run in the morning. 我经常看到这位老人在早上跑步。
The old man is often seen to run in the morning. 这位老人经常被看见在早上跑步。
2. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应视为一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
The little dog must be looked after well. 这条小狗必须被好好照顾。
考点五 主动语态表被动意义的几种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。 常见的动词是cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等。
The books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。
2. 系动词无被动语态。
The apples taste nice. 苹果尝起来很好吃。
3. 不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题是很难回答的。
4. “have/ get+宾语+过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。
I'll have the bike repaired soon. 我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。
5. 在 need 后面,主动的-ing 形式表达被动的意思。
Your vegetables need watering. 你的蔬菜需要浇水了。
被动语态试题精选
( )1. Don't worry. Your package ____ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. has kept B. will keep C. has been kept D. will be kept
( )2. John ___ to come to the teacher's office just now. He may be in trouble.
A. was told B. told C. has told D. tells
( )3. —I haven't seen John for many years. How's he going
—He broke the law and ____ to prison 2 years ago.
A. has sent B. were sent C. was sent D. was sending
( )4. —Where are your dogs, Mickey —The dogs ____ to the pet centre last week.
A. is sent B. was sent C. are sent D. were sent
( )5. Some beautiful flowers ____ to her daughter on her last birthday.
A. are given B. are giving C. were given D. were giving
( )6. —It's difficult for the village children to cross the river to school.
—I agree with you. I think a bridge ____ over the river.
A. will build B. is built C. should be built D. was built
( )7. Mr Green ____ 2 minutes to think about the final decision.
A. gives B. gave C. was given D. will give
( )8. —Sandy __ to be hard-working by her parents. —So am I.
A. asks B. is asking C. asked D. is asked
( )9. I wonder if the talent show ___ next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it.
A. will hold; hold B. will hold; will hold
C. will be held; hold D. is held; will hold
( )10. The garden ____ while the Greens were away from home.
A. took good care of B. was taken good care of
C. taken good care of D. was taking good care
答案：1-5 DACDC 6-10 CCDCB
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