2021-2022学年北京师范大学第二附属中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题
本试卷共 14页，共100分。考试时间为90分钟。
1. 考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
2. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
第一部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。
【1题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’s your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’s a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amsterdam Destination Guide
Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.
Boom Season Population Language(s) Currency January Climate July Climate
May to October 813,562 Dutch Euro Average high: 5.8 °C Average high: 22.0 °C
Must-See Attractions
Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.
If You Have Time
There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the city’s museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.
Money Saving Tips
Unless you really want to see the tulips (郁金香) blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.
Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.
Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.
Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. They’re inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city.
Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.
11. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage
A. Amsterdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location.
B. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter.
C. The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
D. The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers.
12. In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can ______.
A. arrange a guided canal tour
B. buy train tickets at the counter
C. reserve a hotel in the South District
D. book flights between mid-March and mid-May
13. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. An essay.
C. A report. D. A website.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的旅游指南。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Must-See Attractions中的You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.可知，梵高博物馆位于阿姆斯特丹南区的博物馆区。故选B。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Money Saving Tips中的Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center. 在阿姆斯特丹南区寻找住宿，那里的房价通常比市中心便宜。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book在预订之前，请查看我们的主页，从而可以推断出，此文最有可能选自网站。故选D。
B
Flying High
Barrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization. His message for kids: “The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination, hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.” The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.
The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of 15 in his parents’ bookstore. One customer, a professional pilot, asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot. “I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough; but the next day he took me to the cockpit (驾驶舱) of the commercial airplane he flew, and just like that I was hooked.”
To follow his dream, Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a $40 flight simulator (模拟) video game. Then another dream took hold: flying alone around the world. He faced more than 50 rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components. He took off with no weather radar, no de-icing system, and just $30 in his pocket. “I like to do things people say I can’t do.”
After 97 days, 26 stops and dozens of thunderstorms, he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami. “It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irving has been doing it ever since. He set up his non-profit-making organization, Experience Aviation (航空), aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers. Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.
“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,” he notes. Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides. After landing his record-breaking flight at age 23, he said, “Everyone told me I was too young, that I didn’t have enough experience, strength, or knowledge. They told me it would take forever and I’d never come home. Well ... guess what ”
14. According to Irving, what is the most important in achieving success
A. Meeting people who provide unexpected help.
B. Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.
C. Having something specific that you want to accomplish.
D. Developing communication with different organizations.
15 What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that ______.
A. he felt embarrassed to refuse the offer
B. he was doubtful about his own abilities
C. he knew his efforts would be rewarded
D. he realized immediately how lucky he was
16. What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph 3
A. He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.
B. He was finally given enough money to keep going.
C. He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.
D. He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.
17. Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because ______.
A. he hoped to become a public figure
B. he expected to start a business in other fields
C. he saw there was great interest in what he was doing
D. he thought he could teach more than flight schools could
【答案】14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Barrington Irving学习飞行、独自一人飞越全球并成立公益组织传播飞行知识及经验的故事。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.”可知Irving认为最重要的是首先要有梦想，也就是首先你要有自己迫切想要完成的具体事情。故C项正确。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough;”可知Irving告诉对方自己可能不够聪明，说明他怀疑自己的能力。故B项正确。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Then another dream took hold: flying alone around the world.”可知在学会飞行以后，他又有了另外一个梦想：独自飞越全球。故D项正确。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irving has been doing it ever since. He set up his non-profit-making organization, Experience Aviation (航空), aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers.”可知促使他建立这个公益组织的是他看到了很多年轻人都在期待他完成目标，他要把自己的知识和经验教给更多的年轻人。他这样做有很大的好处。故C项正确。
C
Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child’s brain needs time to master language. The second theory states that a child’s vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this theory, some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or less the same way infants(婴儿) do. International adoptees don’t take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue. All of these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test these competing theories about how language is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from India between the ages of two and five years. These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains. Even so, just as American-born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes, further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the number of words you know.
This finding—that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.
But this finding also raises an even older and more difficult question. Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.
18 What is the writer’s main purpose in Paragraph 2
A. To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.
B. To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.
C. To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.
D. To justify a particular approach to language learning.
19. What does the Harvard finding show
A. Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
B. Some children need more conversation than others.
C. Children with more mature brains skip baby talk stage.
D. Vocabulary makes little difference to sentence formation.
20. When the writer says “critical period” he means a period when_______.
A. children start to learn a second language
B. immigrants want to learn another language
C. adults need to be taught by native speakers
D. language learners may achieve native-like fluency
21. What does this passage mainly talk about
A. What is baby talk.
B. Why babies learn a second language easily.
C. What affects children’s language development.
D. How children expand their vocabulary gradually.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. D 21. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响儿童语言发展的因素。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其最后一句结论“All of these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test these competing theories about how language is learned.”（所有这些因素使他们成为研究人员测试这些关于如何学习语言的理论的理想人群。）可知，第二段的目的是说明为什么在研究中使用了领养的孩子。故选B项。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This finding—that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.”（这一发现表明，婴儿说话不是因为他们有婴儿的大脑，而是因为他们才刚刚开始学习，需要时间来获得足够的词汇量。不久之后，单词阶段将让位于双词阶段等等。学习如何像成年人一样聊天是一个渐进的过程。）可知，哈佛的发现说明了语言学习是按照有序的步骤进行的。故选A项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers have long suspected there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.”（长期以来，研究人员一直怀疑语言发展存在一个“关键时期”，过了这个时期，语言就不能完全成功地发展为流利的语言了。）可以推知，“关键时期”是指语言学习者可以达到像母语一样的流利的时期。故选D项。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child’s brain needs time to master language. The second theory states that a child’s vocabulary level is the key factor.”（ 在过去的半个世纪里，科学家们已经确定了两个与婴儿语言有关的合理理论。一种观点认为幼儿的大脑需要时间来掌握语言。第二种理论认为，儿童的词汇水平是关键因素。）可知，本文主要介绍了影响儿童语言发展的因素。故选C项。
D
Recently the term “climate anxiety” has been used to better describe our growing concerns about climate change. While there is evidence that climate anxiety can be identified and reliably measured, what’s less clear is how it relates to mental illness. Mental health providers across the world are noting the presence of climate anxiety in their patients; however, the degree to which it is influencing mental illness is not yet clear, though evidence addressing this question is slowly growing.
For years now, mental health clinicians have seen climate anxiety influencing presentations of mental illness in a variety of ways, some extreme. Recent studies are starting to look at links between climate anxiety and mental illness in larger samples to help better understand the directionality of their relationship. In a U.S. survey of more than 340 people published in 2018, climate concerns were associated with depressive symptoms (症状). Ecological coping, which includes pro-environmental behaviors such as reducing energy consumption, appeared to be protective against depression, indicating that climate concerns and the poor coping skills used to address them could be causing depressive symptoms.
So who might be more at risk of mental illness secondary to the uncertainties around climate change Unsurprisingly, climate anxiety appears higher in individuals with more concern about environmental issues at baseline and those already experiencing direct effects of climate change. Climatologists also face increased risk given their in-depth knowledge on the issue coupled with the upsetting task of trying to convey it to individuals and governments that often deny or downplay it. People with high levels of neuroticism, a personality trait that increases susceptibility to mental illness, are also likely to be at high risk.
Some individuals report adaptive responses to climate anxiety like adopting pro-environmental behaviors and participating in collective action, while others are unable to respond behaviorally at all. It’s not yet clear how these varying reactions manifest (呈现) on a population level and how they’re influencing humanity’s response to climate change. However, a recent survey of nearly 200 people found that, while climate anxiety was associated with an emotional response to climate change, it was not correlated with a behavioral response.
If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must urgently help motivate the anxious among us. Doing so successfully will require many approaches, such as delivering cognitive-behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法) to the most severely affected and demonstrating to entire populations that change is possible by better publicizing productive efforts by organizations to reduce their carbon footprints. We can’t let climate anxiety stop us from responding to climate change, because now, more than ever, we need action, not inaction.
22. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A. Mental illness may increase the risk of climate anxiety.
B. Reducing energy consumption can help treat depression.
C. Failure to handle climate anxiety may cause depressive symptoms.
D. The influence of climate anxiety on mental illness can be measured.
23. The underlined phrase “secondary to” in Paragraph 3 probably means .
A. as a result of B. less important than
C. as serious as D. regardless of
24. Which of the following might be effective in helping the anxious overcome climate anxiety
A. Publicizing the latest research on climate anxiety.
B. Funding studies into cognitive-behavioral therapies.
C. Delivering speeches to anxious people on a regular basis.
D. Informing the public of practical ways to live a greener life.
25. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To reveal consequences of climate anxiety.
B To show new findings about climate anxiety.
C. To compare climate anxiety and mental illness.
D. To demand care for those experiencing climate anxiety.
【答案】22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新研究发现，未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状，并呼吁我们关心那些经历气候焦虑的人。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In a U.S. survey of more than 340 people published in 2018, climate concerns were associated with depressive symptoms (症状). Ecological coping, which includes pro-environmental behaviors such as reducing energy consumption, appeared to be protective against depression, indicating that climate concerns and the poor coping skills used to address them could be causing depressive symptoms.”（在美国2018年公布的一项针对340多人的调查中，对气候的担忧与抑郁症状有关。生态应对，包括减少能源消耗等有利于环境的行为，似乎对抑郁症有保护作用，这表明气候担忧和处理这些问题的不当方法可能导致抑郁症。）可知，对气候的担忧与抑郁症状有关，气候担忧和处理这些问题的不当方法可能导致抑郁症。由此可知，通过前两段的内容我们可以得知，未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状。故选C项。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。上文介绍了未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状，根据第三段关键句“Unsurprisingly, climate anxiety appears higher in individuals with more concern about environmental issues at baseline and those already experiencing direct effects of climate change.”（毋庸置疑，在基准状态下对环境问题更为关注的人和那些已经经历了气候变化直接影响的人中，气候焦虑似乎出现的比例更高。）可知，后文介绍的是由于气候变化，哪些人更容易患上气候焦虑。由此可知，画线短语所在句提出的问题是“由于气候变化的不确定性，谁更容易患上精神疾病呢？”“as a result of”意为“由于”，符合句意，能够表示画线短语的意思。故选A项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must urgently help motivate the anxious among us. Doing so successfully will require many approaches, such as delivering cognitive-behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法) to the most severely affected and demonstrating to entire populations that change is possible by better publicizing productive efforts by organizations to reduce their carbon footprints.”（如果这对整个人类来说是真的，我们必须紧急地帮助激励我们中间焦虑的人。成功地做到这一点需要许多方法，例如向受影响最严重的人提供认知行为疗法，并向全体民众表明，通过各组织更好地宣传为减少碳足迹所作的富有成效的努力，改变是可能的。）可知，要想帮助我们中间气候焦虑的人，可以通过向全体民众宣传减少碳足迹的方式，改变是可能的。由此可知，可能有效帮助焦虑者克服气候焦虑的方法是让公众知道如何过上更环保的生活。故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现，未能处理气候焦虑可能导致抑郁症状。根据最后一段关键句“If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must urgently help motivate the anxious among us.”（如果这对整个人类来说是真的，我们必须紧急地帮助激励我们中间焦虑的人。）可知，作者在文章中呼吁人们必须紧急地帮助我们中间有气候焦虑的人。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁我们关心那些经历气候焦虑的人。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. ___26___
Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. ___27___
Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. ____28____ These have been well recognized.
Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
___29___ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. ____30____ They would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.
C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.
G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.
【答案】26. C 27. G 28. F 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。
【26题详解】
上文“The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.(人类人口可能增加到91亿人，但可供耕种的土地数量将保持不变。)”说明人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，C项中“increasing food needs”与上文human population和the amount of land available for farming一致，故选C。
【27题详解】
上文“In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.(尽管担心高成本，专家们还是想让这些城市农场成为现实，用这些摩天大楼来种植农作物。)”说明专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，“changing our thinking from out to up”与上文“use these skyscrapers to grow crops”一致，故选G。
【28题详解】
上文“Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment.( 与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占用大片土地，迫使动物离开它们的栖息地，也不会因为使用重型农业设备而污染空气。)”说明了垂直农业的优点，F项also是关键词，与上文是病了补充关系，“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合题意，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。
【29题详解】
设空处为段落主题句，根据下文内容“They point out that...The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(他们指出，虽然生长在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物在白天可以得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明了部分人的观点，认为垂直种植的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。
【30题详解】
上文“The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明阳光对植物生长的重要性，空格处承上启下，下文“They would need additional light sources. (它们需要额外的光源)”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，故选D。
第三部分：语言知识和运用（共五节，共45分）
第一节 词汇单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，共10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
31. His natural ________ and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.
A. charity B. chain C. charm D. chart
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。A.charity 慈善机构；B.chain链条；C. charm魅力； D. chart图表。根据“ wisdom”可知，他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。故选C项。
32. The country was thrown into ________ by the President’s sudden death.
A. chorus B. chaos C. circle D. claim
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为总统的突然离世，整个国家陷入一片混乱。A. chorus合唱队，歌舞队；B. chaos混乱，混沌；C. circle圆圈，周期；D. claim索要、声明。由语意可知，总统突然离世，造成的后果通常是国家一时无主，所以陷入混乱之中。故选B项。
33. What a ________! I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
A. classic B. characteristic C. certificate D. coincidence
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊！我没想到会在这里见到你。A. classic经典，典范；B. characteristic特色；C. certificate证书；D. coincidence巧合。根据后文“I wasn’t expecting to see you here.”可知遇见是巧合，应用coincidence。故选D。
34. Rumours began to ________ about his financial problems, which put him under a lot of stress.
A. circulate B. cater C. choke D. check
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于他财务问题的谣言开始流传，这使他承受很大的压力。A.circulate 传播，流传；B.cater满足；C. choke窒息；D.check核对。根据“Rumours ”以及“ put him under a lot of stress.”可知，谣言开始流传。故选A项。
35. Gordon ________ his jacket and stormed out of the room without a word.
A. stole B. stuck C. snatched D. stored
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：戈登抓起他的夹克，一句话也没说就冲出了房间。A. stole窃取；B. stuck刺；C. snatched一把抓起；D. stored保存。根据后文“his jacket and stormed out of the room without a word”指一把抓起夹克，冲出了房间，应用snatch。故选C。
36. The company offers its employees a ________ training in all aspects of the business.
A. compassionate B. contemporary C. comprehensive D. countable
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家公司为员工提供业务各方面的全面培训。A. compassionate有同情心的；B. contemporary同一时代的；C. comprehensive综合的，全面的；D. countable可数的。根据后文“in all aspects of the business”可知，此处指“全面的培训”。故选C项。
37. A poor economy has caused the ________ of thousands of small businesses.
A. complexity B. collapse C. convenience D. correction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B. collapse倒闭；C. convenience方便；D. correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused”指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭，应用collapse。故选B。
38. In 1986, the Chinese government passed a law, making nine years of education ________ for all Chinese children.
A. compulsory B. conventional C. contradictory D. commercial
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：1986年，中国政府通过一项法律，使得所有的中国孩子接受九年义务教育一事具有了强制性。A. compulsory强制的、(因法律或规则而)必须做的；B. conventional 传统的; 习惯的；C. contradictory矛盾的；D. commercial商业的。由语意和常识可知，九年制教育在中国由义务教育法所规定，具有国家强制性，故选A项。
39. He is a wonderful ________ of mine and we can talk for hours on end.
A. component B. committee C. community D. companion
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成部分；B. committee委员会；C. community社区；D. companion同伴。根据前文“He”及后文“we can talk for hours on end”可知，此处指“同伴；伙伴”。故选D项。
40. Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were ________.
A. handled B. instructed C. convinced D. poked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数顾客对他们投诉的处理方式感到满意。A. handled处理；B. instructed指导；C. convinced说服；D. poked捅。根据上文“the way their complaints were”指处理投诉的方式，应用handle。故选A。
41. Don’t forget to ________ my gratitude to him when you see him.
A. confirm B. convey C. consume D. contradict
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：你见到他时别忘了向他转达我的感激之情。A.confirm 证实，证明；B.convey 表达，传递；C.consume 消费；D. contradict 反驳。 根据空后“my gratitude to him when you see him”可知，要表达的是感激之情，convey “表达，传递(思想、感情等)”符合题意。故选B。
42. I think she’s very ________ of being the only person in the office who didn't have a university education.
A. confident B. considerate C. conscious D. convinced
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为她很清楚自己是办公室里唯一一个没有受过大学教育的人。A.confident自信的；B. considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；C.conscious意识到的，神志清醒的；D. convinced确信的。空格处填形容词作表语，根据下文“being the only person in the office who didn't have a university education. ”及语境可知，此处指她很清楚自己是办公室里唯一一个没有受过大学教育的人。故选C。
43. If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, ________ your doctor immediately.
A. consult B. corrupt C. convert D. contribute
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果这些症状中的任何一种在你吃药时发生，立刻咨询你的医生。A.consult：咨询；B.corrupt：堕落，腐化；C.convert：转换；D.contribute：贡献。吃药时出现症状应该咨询医生。故选A。
44. You didn’t do anything wrong—you should have a clear ________.
A. costume B. corporation C. contest D. conscience
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事——你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation 公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据“You didn’t do anything wrong ”可知，你没有做错任何事——你应该问心无愧。故选D项。
45. The sound of footsteps ________ around the hall.
A. skipped B. splashed C. echoed D. reddened
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：脚步声在大厅里回荡。A. skipped跳跃；B. splashed溅起；C. echoed回响，发出回音；D. reddened变红。根据上文“The sound of footsteps”指脚步声在大厅里回荡，应用echo。故选C。
46. The new prime minister is ________ relationships with East Asian countries.
A. cultivating B. cracking C. crashing D. crushing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新首相正在培养与东亚国家的关系。A.cultivating栽培，培育； B.cracking 破裂，裂开；C . crashing撞车，坠毁；D.crushing压坏，挤压变形。根据下文“relationships with East Asian countries”及语境可知此处指正在培养与东亚国家的关系，用现在分词。故选A。
47. It is reported that the temperature will ________ sharply in one or two days.
A. decay B. decline C. deduce D. dedicate
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道，一两天内气温将急剧下降。A. decay衰败，衰退；B. decline下降，减少；C. deduce推论；D. dedicate奉献。根据句意及前文“the temperature”可知，此处指“气温下降”。故选B项。
48. A ________ dressing at first meeting will make a good impression on others.
A. decent B. damp C. startled D. sophisticated
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次见面时得体的着装会给别人留下好印象。A. decent得体的；B. damp潮湿的；C. startled受惊吓的；D. sophisticated复杂的。根据后文“dressing at first meeting will make a good impression on others”指得体的着装会给别人留下好印象，应用decent。故选A。
49. She had a strong and supportive sister who constantly ________ her ______ to study hard.
A. sized…up B. let…slip C. urged…on D. took…off guard
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她有一个坚强和支持她的姐姐，她不断地敦促她努力学习。A. sized…up估计，估量；B. let…slip错过（机会）；C. urged…on敦促；D. took…off guard使某人失去警惕。结合后文“to study hard”指姐姐敦促她努力学习，应用urge sb. on。故选C。
50. Let’s ________ the party with some loud music.
A. dust off B. wrap up C. stretch out D. brighten up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们用响亮的音乐使聚会气氛活跃起来。A.dust off迅速离开； B.wrap up 包裹；C.stretch out(使)伸直身子躺下 ；D.brighten up快活起来 。根据“ some loud music.”可知，让我们用响亮的音乐使聚会气氛活跃起来。故选D项。
第二节 看音标写单词（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据音标写出正确的单词。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
51. [ d s pl nd] __________ 52. [ ri ju z bl] ___________
53. [ desp r t] __________ 54. [ pl tf m] ___________
55. [ n m s] __________ 56. [k m tm nt] ___________
57. [ f n t ] __________ 58. [ t mpi n p] ___________
59. [ n ten n] __________ 60. [ tr nsp te n] ___________
第三节 词性转换（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
用括号中所给词汇的正确形式填空。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
51. It was quite late by the time we returned. I expected that my uncle would be asleep, as he ________ went to bed quite early. (regular)（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】regularly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们回来的时候已经很晚了。我料到我叔叔已经睡着了，因为他经常很早就上床睡觉。修饰动词went应用副词regularly，作状语。故填regularly。
52. I reminded him of the ________, but he didn’t make any response. (appoint) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】appointment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我提醒他这个约会，但是他没有做出任何回应。根据句意和空前的the可知，空处应用名词形式，作宾语，表示“约会；约定”，故填appointment。
53. I wish to extend a very warm welcome and deep ________ to you for attending the Summit. (appreciate) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】appreciation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望为你来参加峰会而向你表示热烈的欢迎和诚挚的感谢。分析句子可知，空白处由deep修饰，与welcome并列作extend的宾语，也需要一个名词，应使用appreciation表示“感谢”。故填appreciation。
54. He was beginning to get very ____________（annoy）with me about my carelessness. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】annoyed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他开始对我的粗心大意感到很恼火。分析句意，annoy放在系动词got后的形容词形式有两种：annoyed 译为“生气的”（人做主语）；annoying译为“令人生气的”（物做主语）。此处人做主语，所以用-ed形式。故填annoyed。
55. I find it hard to work at home because there are too many_____(distract). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】distractions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和名词复数。句意：我发现在家里工作很难，因为分心的事太多。在many后应用可数名词复数。故填distractions。
第四节 词组填空 (共5小题；每小题1分，共5分)
根据句意，从方框中选择合适的词组，且按正确的形式填空。（其中有三个词组是多余的）。
be to blame at risk pick up turn one’s back on apart from get stuck stand by do one’s part
56. It was impossible to move the car—its wheels ________ in the mud.
57. Around 40 per cent of the world’s population is ________ from diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.
58. A good friend is one who will always ________ you even when everyone else seems to be against you.
59. The accident was just a coincidence, and no one should ________ for it.
60. When Sammy returned home from the hospital, he couldn’t wait to ________ his guitar and tried to play a small piece of music.
【答案】56. got stuck##had got stuck
57. at risk
58. stand by
59. be to blame
60. pick up
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：车子不可能移动了——车轮陷在泥里了。动词短语get stuck“被困住；被卡住”符合句意，根据句意及前文was可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式；或强调动作发生在前文was之前，用过去完成时（had done）。故填got stuck或had got stuck。
【57题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：世界上大约40%的人口面临着蚊子传播疾病的危险。介词短语at risk“处于危险之中”符合句意，在句中用作表语。故填at risk。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：好朋友就是永远站在你一边支持你，即使所有人似乎都反对你。动词短语stand by“继续支持（身处困境的人）”符合句意，动词原形和情态动词will一起构成谓语。故填stand by。
【59题详解】
考查动词固定短语。句意：这次事故只是一个巧合，不应该责怪任何人。动词短语be to blame (for sth)“（对某事）负有责任”符合句意，动词原形和情态动词should构成谓语。故填be to blame。
【60题详解】
考查动词固定短语。句意：当萨米从医院回到家时，他迫不及待地拿起吉他，试着弹一小段音乐。动词短语pick up“拿起”符合句意，can’t wait to do sth“迫不及待地做某事”是固定句型。故填pick up。
第五节 语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
用括号中所给词汇的正确形式填空。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
61. The film we saw yesterday was quite ________ (move).（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】moving
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们昨天看的电影很感人。分析句子可知，空白处由quite修饰作表语，需要一个形容词，应使用修饰物的moving表示“感人的”。故填moving。
62. The newly-published dictionary will be of great help to foreigners ________ (learn) Chinese. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】learning
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本新出版的词典将对学习汉语的外国人有很大帮助。分析句子结构可知learn在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语foreigners 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填learning。
63. ________ (express) his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】To express
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了表达自己的爱意，Chris在母亲节那天给母亲发了一封感谢信。分析句子可知，空白所在句作主句的目的状语，且express这一动作与主句主语之间是主谓关系，应使用不定式的一般式。故填To express。
64. You should answer the questions _________ (use) the information on your card. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】using
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该用卡上的信息来回答问题。分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语you构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故选B。
65. Orange trees make great gifts during the Spring Festival and you’ll see them ________ (decorate) with red envelops and messages of good fortune. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】decorated
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：橘子树在春节期间是很好的礼物，你会看到它们被红包和蕴含好运的留言装点着。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，在and后面的句子句中，主语是you(你)，谓语是will see(将看到)，them是宾语，指代orange trees(橘子树)，“_____(decorate) with red envelops and messages of good fortune.”做宾语补足语，补充说明them，且decorate与them二者构成被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式，故填decorated。
66. ________ (take) according to the instructions, the medicine will work for your headache. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Taken
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：按照说明服用的话，这种药会对你的头痛有效的。分析句子可知，空白所在句作状语，take与主句主语之间是动宾关系（人服药，药被服用），应使用过去分词形式。故填Taken。
67. —The result made her depressed.
—To be frank, I regret ________ (tell) her the truth. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】telling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——结果让她很沮丧。 ——坦白地说，我后悔告诉她真相。表示“后悔做过某事”短语为regret doing sth.。故填telling。
68. Mr. Smith, it’s a great honor for me ________ (invite) to visit your company. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be invited
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯先生，我能受邀来参观您的公司实在是莫大的荣幸。这里符合形式主语的句型it is+形容词+（for sb.）+to do sth.意为“（对于某人）做某事是……的”，结合句意，不定式中要表达“（我）被邀请”，应使用不定式的被动式to be+过去分词。故填to be invited。
69. Like great athletes or scientists, great teachers have the ability ________ (inspire) others as well. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to inspire
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：就像伟大的运动员或科学家一样，伟大的老师也具有激励他人的能力。修饰名词ability应用不定式作后置定语。故填to inspire。
70. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ________ (raise) people’s concern over food safety. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to raise
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据政府官员称，将制作更多的电视节目来提高人们对食品安全的关注。分析句子结构可知，raise在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to raise。
71. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is piped directly into the sea without ________ (treat). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】being treated
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在很多有海岸的国家，人类的垃圾都不经处理直接排放到海洋里。分析句子可知，treat在句中属于非谓语动词，与without构成介词短语作状语，这一动作的逻辑主语是主句主语human waste，且句意上要表示“未被处理”，符合被动语态，而介词without后接动词必须用动名词，因此要用被动语态be treated的动名词being treated。故填being treated。
72. Doctors always advise us ________ (drink) plenty of water to stay healthy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to drink
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：医生总是建议我们多喝水以保持健康。advise sb. to do意为：建议某人做某事，其中不定式to do作宾语补足语。故填to drink。
73. As a beautiful tale ________ (deliver) many powerful lessons about life, this book should be high on everyone’s reading list. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】delivering
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个美丽的故事传递了许多关于生活的强有力的教训，这本书应该在每个人的阅读清单上名列前茅。此处修饰名词tale，与deliver是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填delivering。
74. ________ (learn) to make healthier choices on their own is an important part of growing up. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Learning##To learn
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学会自己做出更健康的选择是成长的重要部分。分析句子可知，空白处需要非谓语动词作主语，可以用learn的动名词或不定式，且位于句首首字母要大写。故填Learning或To learn。
75. In this library, you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially ________ (prepare) for readers. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】prepared
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在这个图书馆，你可以使用自己的电脑连接到专门为读者准备的Wi-Fi。be prepared for“为......做准备”，本句为过去分词式的形容词作后置定语。故填prepared。
第四部分：书面表达（15分）
76. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将举办一次环保主题活动。请你写一封邮件，邀请你班交换生 Jim 参加。邮件内容包括：
1. 该活动的目的；
2. 该活动的日程（例如时间、地点、内容等）；
3. 询问对方意向。
注意：1. 100 词左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Possible Version 1
Dear Jim,
How have you been recently As the World Environmental Day is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school. I believe you will be interested in it.
Let me tell you more about the arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall, through which we can get more knowledge in this field. Then in the afternoon, an exhibition of some world-famous artworks on protecting the earth will be held in the Students’ Activity Center.
What do you think of this activity Would you like to come and join us I’m looking forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
Possible Version 2
Dear Jim,
How have you been recently As the World Environmental Day is around the corner, a series of eye-opening and educational activities will be held in our school with the theme of making peace with nature. Since you’re concerned about the environmental issues, I believe it will be of great interest to you.
The aim of the activity is to raise our awareness of environment protection and call for students to put in their efforts to make the world a better place to live in. After all, small changes can bring about a big difference.
Let me tell you more about the specific arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall on the significance of living a low-carbon life. Not only can we obtain some professional knowledge in this field, we can also get some practical tips such as ways of saving water, paper and electricity at school. Then in the afternoon, an art exhibition named REIMAGINERECOVERRESTORE will be held in the Students’ Activity Center. You can’t miss the wonderful presentation about some international award-winning paintings and sculptures. They depict the damage nature has suffered and the efforts to reverse it. What’s more, craftwork made with recycled materials by our schoolmates will also be on display.
What do you think of this activity after my introduction Would you like to come and join us I’m looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国笔友 Peter写一封邮件，邀请他参加你校即将举办的一次环保主题活动。
【详解】（Possible Version 1）
词汇积累
意识：awareness→consciousness
安排：arrangement→plan
展览：exhibition→display
期待：look forward to→anticipate
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As the World Environmental Day is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school.
拓展句：As the World Environmental Day is coming, an educational activity which aims to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As the World Environmental Day is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school. (运用了现在分词作后置定语)
[高分句型2] On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall, through which we can get more knowledge in this field. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)北京师范大学二附中2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷
英语
本试卷共 14页，共100分。考试时间为90分钟。
1. 考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
2. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
第一部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amsterdam Destination Guide
Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.
Boom Season Population Language(s) Currency January Climate July Climate
May to October 813,562 Dutch Euro Average high: 5.8 °C Average high: 22.0 °C
Must-See Attractions
Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.
If You Have Time
There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the city’s museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.
Money Saving Tips
Unless you really want to see the tulips (郁金香) blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.
Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.
Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.
Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. They’re inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city.
Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.
11. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage
A. Amsterdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location.
B. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter.
C The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
D. The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers.
12. In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can ______.
A. arrange a guided canal tour
B. buy train tickets at the counter
C. reserve a hotel in the South District
D. book flights between mid-March and mid-May
13. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. An essay.
C. A report. D. A website.
B
Flying High
Barrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization. His message for kids: “The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination, hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.” The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.
The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of 15 in his parents’ bookstore. One customer, a professional pilot, asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot. “I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough; but the next day he took me to the cockpit (驾驶舱) of the commercial airplane he flew, and just like that I was hooked.”
To follow his dream, Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a $40 flight simulator (模拟) video game. Then another dream took hold: flying alone around the world. He faced more than 50 rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components. He took off with no weather radar, no de-icing system, and just $30 in his pocket. “I like to do things people say I can’t do.”
After 97 days, 26 stops and dozens of thunderstorms, he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami. “It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irving has been doing it ever since. He set up his non-profit-making organization, Experience Aviation (航空), aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers. Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.
“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,” he notes. Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides. After landing his record-breaking flight at age 23, he said, “Everyone told me I was too young, that I didn’t have enough experience, strength, or knowledge. They told me it would take forever and I’d never come home. Well ... guess what ”
14. According to Irving, what is the most important in achieving success
A. Meeting people who provide unexpected help.
B. Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.
C. Having something specific that you want to accomplish.
D. Developing communication with different organizations.
15. What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that ______.
A. he felt embarrassed to refuse the offer
B. he was doubtful about his own abilities
C. he knew his efforts would be rewarded
D. he realized immediately how lucky he was
16. What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph 3
A. He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.
B. He was finally given enough money to keep going.
C. He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.
D. He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.
17. Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because ______.
A. he hoped to become a public figure
B. he expected to start a business in other fields
C. he saw there was great interest in what he was doing
D. he thought he could teach more than flight schools could
C
Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child’s brain needs time to master language. The second theory states that a child’s vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this theory, some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or less the same way infants(婴儿) do. International adoptees don’t take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue. All of these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test these competing theories about how language is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from India between the ages of two and five years. These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains. Even so, just as American-born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes, further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the number of words you know.
This finding—that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.
But this finding also raises an even older and more difficult question. Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.
18. What is the writer’s main purpose in Paragraph 2
A. To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.
B. To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.
C. To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.
D. To justify a particular approach to language learning.
19. What does the Harvard finding show
A. Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
B. Some children need more conversation than others.
C. Children with more mature brains skip baby talk stage.
D. Vocabulary makes little difference to sentence formation.
20. When the writer says “critical period”, he means a period when_______.
A. children start to learn a second language
B. immigrants want to learn another language
C. adults need to be taught by native speakers
D. language learners may achieve native-like fluency
21. What does this passage mainly talk about
A. What is baby talk.
B. Why babies learn a second language easily.
C. What affects children’s language development.
D. How children expand their vocabulary gradually.
D
Recently the term “climate anxiety” has been used to better describe our growing concerns about climate change. While there is evidence that climate anxiety can be identified and reliably measured, what’s less clear is how it relates to mental illness. Mental health providers across the world are noting the presence of climate anxiety in their patients; however, the degree to which it is influencing mental illness is not yet clear, though evidence addressing this question is slowly growing.
For years now, mental health clinicians have seen climate anxiety influencing presentations of mental illness in a variety of ways, some extreme. Recent studies are starting to look at links between climate anxiety and mental illness in larger samples to help better understand the directionality of their relationship. In a U.S. survey of more than 340 people published in 2018, climate concerns were associated with depressive symptoms (症状). Ecological coping, which includes pro-environmental behaviors such as reducing energy consumption, appeared to be protective against depression, indicating that climate concerns and the poor coping skills used to address them could be causing depressive symptoms.
So who might be more at risk of mental illness secondary to the uncertainties around climate change Unsurprisingly, climate anxiety appears higher in individuals with more concern about environmental issues at baseline and those already experiencing direct effects of climate change. Climatologists also face increased risk given their in-depth knowledge on the issue coupled with the upsetting task of trying to convey it to individuals and governments that often deny or downplay it. People with high levels of neuroticism, a personality trait that increases susceptibility to mental illness, are also likely to be at high risk.
Some individuals report adaptive responses to climate anxiety like adopting pro-environmental behaviors and participating in collective action, while others are unable to respond behaviorally at all. It’s not yet clear how these varying reactions manifest (呈现) on a population level and how they’re influencing humanity’s response to climate change. However, a recent survey of nearly 200 people found that, while climate anxiety was associated with an emotional response to climate change, it was not correlated with a behavioral response.
If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must urgently help motivate the anxious among us. Doing so successfully will require many approaches, such as delivering cognitive-behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法) to the most severely affected and demonstrating to entire populations that change is possible by better publicizing productive efforts by organizations to reduce their carbon footprints. We can’t let climate anxiety stop us from responding to climate change, because now, more than ever, we need action, not inaction.
22. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A. Mental illness may increase the risk of climate anxiety.
B. Reducing energy consumption can help treat depression.
C. Failure to handle climate anxiety may cause depressive symptoms.
D. The influence of climate anxiety on mental illness can be measured.
23. The underlined phrase “secondary to” in Paragraph 3 probably means .
A. as a result of B. less important than
C. as serious as D. regardless of
24. Which of the following might be effective in helping the anxious overcome climate anxiety
A. Publicizing the latest research on climate anxiety.
B. Funding studies into cognitive-behavioral therapies.
C. Delivering speeches to anxious people on a regular basis.
D. Informing the public of practical ways to live a greener life.
25. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To reveal consequences of climate anxiety.
B. To show new findings about climate anxiety.
C. To compare climate anxiety and mental illness.
D. To demand care for those experiencing climate anxiety.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. ___26___
Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. ___27___
Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. ____28____ These have been well recognized.
Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
___29___ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. ____30____ They would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.
C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.
G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.
第三部分：语言知识和运用（共五节，共45分）
第一节 词汇单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，共10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
31. His natural ________ and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.
A. charity B. chain C. charm D. chart
32. The country was thrown into ________ by the President’s sudden death.
A. chorus B. chaos C. circle D. claim
33. What a ________! I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
A. classic B. characteristic C. certificate D. coincidence
34. Rumours began to ________ about his financial problems, which put him under a lot of stress.
A. circulate B. cater C. choke D. check
35. Gordon ________ his jacket and stormed out of the room without a word.
A. stole B. stuck C. snatched D. stored
36. The company offers its employees a ________ training in all aspects of the business.
A compassionate B. contemporary C. comprehensive D. countable
37. A poor economy has caused the ________ of thousands of small businesses.
A. complexity B. collapse C. convenience D. correction
38. In 1986, the Chinese government passed a law, making nine years of education ________ for all Chinese children.
A. compulsory B. conventional C. contradictory D. commercial
39. He is a wonderful ________ of mine and we can talk for hours on end.
A. component B. committee C. community D. companion
40. Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were ________.
A. handled B. instructed C. convinced D. poked
41. Don’t forget to ________ my gratitude to him when you see him.
A. confirm B. convey C. consume D. contradict
42. I think she’s very ________ of being the only person in the office who didn't have a university education.
A. confident B. considerate C. conscious D. convinced
43. If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, ________ your doctor immediately.
A consult B. corrupt C. convert D. contribute
44. You didn’t do anything wrong—you should have a clear ________.
A. costume B. corporation C. contest D. conscience
45. The sound of footsteps ________ around the hall.
A. skipped B. splashed C. echoed D. reddened
46. The new prime minister is ________ relationships with East Asian countries.
A. cultivating B. cracking C. crashing D. crushing
47. It is reported that the temperature will ________ sharply in one or two days.
A. decay B. decline C. deduce D. dedicate
48. A ________ dressing at first meeting will make a good impression on others.
A. decent B. damp C. startled D. sophisticated
49. She had a strong and supportive sister who constantly ________ her ______ to study hard.
A. sized…up B. let…slip C. urged…on D. took…off guard
50. Let’s ________ the party with some loud music.
A. dust off B. wrap up C. stretch out D. brighten up
第二节 看音标写单词（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据音标写出正确的单词。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
51. [ d s pl nd] __________ 52. [ ri ju z bl] ___________
53. [ desp r t] __________ 54. [ pl tf m] ___________
55. [ n m s] __________ 56. [k m tm nt] ___________
57. [ f n t ] __________ 58. [ t mpi n p] ___________
59. [ n ten n] __________ 60. [ tr nsp te n] ___________
第三节 词性转换（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
用括号中所给词汇的正确形式填空。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
51. It was quite late by the time we returned. I expected that my uncle would be asleep, as he ________ went to bed quite early. (regular)（所给词的适当形式填空）
52. I reminded him of the ________, but he didn’t make any response. (appoint) （所给词的适当形式填空）
53. I wish to extend a very warm welcome and deep ________ to you for attending the Summit. (appreciate) （所给词的适当形式填空）
54. He was beginning to get very ____________（annoy）with me about my carelessness. (所给词的适当形式填空）
55. I find it hard to work at home because there are too many_____(distract). （所给词的适当形式填空）
第四节 词组填空 (共5小题；每小题1分，共5分)
根据句意，从方框中选择合适的词组，且按正确的形式填空。（其中有三个词组是多余的）。
be to blame at risk pick up turn one’s back on apart from get stuck stand by do one’s part
56. It was impossible to move the car—its wheels ________ in the mud.
57. Around 40 per cent of the world’s population is ________ from diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.
58. A good friend is one who will always ________ you even when everyone else seems to be against you.
59. The accident was just a coincidence, and no one should ________ for it.
60. When Sammy returned home from the hospital, he couldn’t wait to ________ his guitar and tried to play a small piece of music.
第五节 语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
用括号中所给词汇的正确形式填空。将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
61. The film we saw yesterday was quite ________ (move).（所给词的适当形式填空）
62. The newly-published dictionary will be of great help to foreigners ________ (learn) Chinese. （所给词的适当形式填空）
63. ________ (express) his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. （所给词的适当形式填空）
64. You should answer the questions _________ (use) the information on your card. （所给词适当形式填空）
65. Orange trees make great gifts during the Spring Festival and you’ll see them ________ (decorate) with red envelops and messages of good fortune. （所给词的适当形式填空）
66. ________ (take) according to the instructions, the medicine will work for your headache. （所给词的适当形式填空）
67. —The result made her depressed.
—To be frank, I regret ________ (tell) her the truth. （所给词的适当形式填空）
68. Mr. Smith, it’s a great honor for me ________ (invite) to visit your company. （所给词的适当形式填空）
69. Like great athletes or scientists, great teachers have the ability ________ (inspire) others as well. （所给词的适当形式填空）
70. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ________ (raise) people’s concern over food safety. （所给词的适当形式填空）
71. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is piped directly into the sea without ________ (treat). （所给词的适当形式填空）
72. Doctors always advise us ________ (drink) plenty of water to stay healthy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
73. As a beautiful tale ________ (deliver) many powerful lessons about life, this book should be high on everyone’s reading list. （所给词的适当形式填空）
74. ________ (learn) to make healthier choices on their own is an important part of growing up. （所给词的适当形式填空）
75. In this library, you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially ________ (prepare) for readers. （所给词的适当形式填空）
第四部分：书面表达（15分）
76. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将举办一次环保主题活动。请你写一封邮件，邀请你班交换生 Jim 参加。邮件内容包括：
1. 该活动的目的；
2. 该活动的日程（例如时间、地点、内容等）；
3. 询问对方意向。
注意：1. 100 词左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
