Unit 6 Nature in words
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.fade A．n.魅力，魔力
( )2.pile B．v.提醒，使(某人)意识到
( )3.charm C．v.收割(庄稼)
( )4.alert D．v.堆放，摞起
( )5.reap E．v.逐渐消失；褪色
[答案] 1－5 EDABC
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.speak of A．坚持
( )2.scores of B．提起
( )3.stand by C．很多，大量
( )4.cause harm to D．以……为职业
( )5.by profession E．对……造成伤害
[答案] 1－5 BCAED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．gentle adj. 轻柔的；温和的
2．sweep v. 吹过，掠过
3．ban v. 禁止，取缔
4．dozen number 一打；许多
5．thorough adj. 仔细的；缜密的
6．precise adj. 精确的；一丝不苟的
7．launch n. 推出，发起
8．chorus n. 合唱曲
9．reputation n. 名誉，名望
10．passionate adj. 具有强烈信念的
Ⅰ.语境填空
fable; passionate; knowingly; fade; chorus; precise; reputation; diamond; bloom; thorough
1．The flowers will blaze，peak，fade and die before I know their names.
2．He is very passionate about the project.
3．Can you give a more precise definition of the word
4．It was a large diamond，but it had a flaw.
5．He had made a thorough investigation.No wonder he knew so much about it.
6．This plant blooms between May and June.
7．She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories.
8．The chorus was singing The Ode to Joy.
9．She was accused of knowingly making a false statement to the police.
10．The father told the son a fable about a puppet.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled over the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)
2．She sat on the sofa，smoking elegantly(elegance)．
3．“Please don't kill me，” said the little girl in a trembling(tremble) voice.
4．I am passionately(passionate)opposed to the death penalty.
5．At a nod from Lawton，he gently(gentle)turned the handle.
6．They had not studied the language very thoroughly(thorough)．
1．By imagining a world without birds，she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular，to the harmful use of pesticides，such as DDT.
通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她的目标不仅是使科学界，而且也使普通大众意识到人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是像DDT之类杀虫剂的有害使用。
2．Its impact was immediate and far reaching：the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)was established in the US.
它的巨大影响是立刻显现的和深远的：DDT的使用被禁止，环境保护署(EPA)在美国成立。
3．Though Carson's research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work，the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到了大多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成为杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
4....and today，more than 50 years after it was published，the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
……在出版50多年后的今天，《寂静的春天》这本书发出的呼声仍在人们耳边清楚明白地回响着。
5．She made a crucial but potentially difficult to understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people.
她把一个至关重要但可能难以理解的课题变得有趣，并易于被很多人理解。
名师圈点
①stillness n．安静，静止
②tremble v．颤抖，发抖
③chorus n．合唱曲
④alert v．提醒，使(某人)意识到
⑤in particular尤其，特别
⑥knowingly adv.故意地
⑦cause harm to对……造成伤害
⑧monitor v．监督，监视
⑨urge ...to do敦促做某事
⑩originally adv.最初地，原来
be designed to旨在，设计用于
thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
alarming adj.令人惊恐的，令人恐慌的
ban v．禁止，取缔
milestone n．里程碑，重要事件
launch n．推出，发起
posthumous adj.死后获得的
target for成为……的目标
critic n．批评家
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情绪的
attempt to尝试，企图
reputation n．名誉，名望
determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
stand by支持；帮助；忠于
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.关键的，至关重要的
elegance n．优美；简洁
passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
原文呈现
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds, for example—where had they gone Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed.[1]The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled② violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus③ of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
[1]句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词作状语，表示主语的状态。
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring, “A Fable for Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert④ not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular⑤， to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT.[2]She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑥ causing harm to⑦plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored⑧ way.
[2]句中not only ...but also ...连接两个并列成分，作宾语。
Carson urged people to⑨ make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme, which killed birds, in addition to gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants.The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally⑩ designed to solve.The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson's sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist．[3]
[3]句中showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist为动词的 ing形式作状语。
Carson's message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in the US.Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17 cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone.Though Carson's research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.[4]They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.[5]Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson's reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims[6]—and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
[4]句中though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句，指代先行词most scientists，在从句中作主语。
[5]句中that引导宾语从句；because引导原因状语从句。
[6]句中to defend her claims为动词不定式作目的状语。
Personally , I enjoy Carson's book.She made a crucial but potentially difficult to understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people.This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments, strong though they are, but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.[7]Her book not only changed the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message.[8] For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson's warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.[9]
[7]本句为not ...but ...结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
[8]句中that引导定语从句，指代先行词a book，在从句中作主语；so that引导结果状语从句。
[9]句中unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if ...not...，意为“除非”。
译文参考
寂静的春天
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了？许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多的几只鸟也奄奄一息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声；只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
蕾切尔·卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962 年，她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她的目标不仅是使科学界，而且也使普通大众意识到人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是像DDT之类杀虫剂的有害使用。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
卡森敦促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和真实案例。在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类；另一个案例则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时，人们杀死的是奶牛，而非火蚁。该书还列举了许多其他的实例来说明一些根除方案根本没有采取任何措施来减少它们原本要解决的问题。这本书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。它的巨大影响是立刻显现的和深远的：DDT的使用被禁止，环境保护署(EPA)在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑，这使作者在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到了大多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成为了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有一些人说她的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公众面前、在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。在出版50多年后的今天，《寂静的春天》这本书发出的呼声仍在人们耳边清楚明白地回响着。
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但可能难以理解的课题变得有趣，并易于被很多人理解。这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。
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7Unit 6 Nature in words
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.secrecy A．v.(使)发红
( )2.flush B．n.保密，秘密状态
( )3.faintly C．v.排列，布置
( )4.dispose D．n.刺眼的强光
( )5.glare E．adv.微弱地；模糊地
[答案] 1－5 BAECD
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.at the risk of A．突然开始，爆发
( )2.talk away B．出现，露面
( )3.come out C．冒着……危险
( )4.break out D．谈个不停，喋喋不休
( )5.be apart from E．与……相隔
[答案] 1－5 CDBAE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．weekly adj. 一周一次的，每周的
2．insist v. 坚称，坚决认为
3．bend v. 变弯曲
4．innocent adj. 天真无邪的
5．enhance v. 改进；增强
6．inspector n. 检查员，巡视员
7．shaving n. 刮胡子
8．prospect n. 开阔的景观，景色
9．church n. 教堂
10．rhyme n. 儿歌，童谣
Ⅰ.语境填空
insist；enhances；glare；shaving；prospect；dispose；bend；innocent；rhyme；church
1．I will have another glass if you insist．
2．The growth of a city often enhances the value of the land close to it.
3．From the top of the hill there's a beautiful prospect over the valley.
4．A man has five items in his bathroom: a toothbrush，shaving cream，razor，a bar of soap，and a towel.
5．The building he once lived in turned out to be a church．
6．The branch bent but did not break.
7．I was very young，and very innocent．
8．The kids made up a rhyme about a frog.
9．You may have trouble driving at night because of glare from car headlights.
10．Lastly，what about the decision to dispose of his body at sea
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．However，if you secretly(secret) throw half of the stuff away，nobody will notice it.
2．Children lose their innocence(innocent) as they grow older.
3．We go and do the weekly(week) shopping every Thursday.
4．The mill was finally shut down by state safety inspectors(inspect)．
1....so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
……这确实似乎是我很长一段时间没有看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯了。
2．When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
当我今天早上起床的时候，这个世界是一个冰冷的地方，到处都是了无生气的白色和淡蓝色。
3．The little plum tree outside，with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk，stood in full sunlight.
在阳光的普照之下，屋外的李子树的树干和枝丫被淡粉的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。
4....and the weathercock of the village church，still to be seen through the grey loaded air，has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
……仍然可以透过灰蒙蒙的空中看到的村里教堂的风标已变成汉斯·安徒生笔下的某个人物。
5....and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow...
……我想起小时候，我把鼻子贴在冰冷的窗户上，看着飘落的雪花，常常重复的一首童谣……
名师圈点
①character n．人物
②witty adj.言辞诙谐的；巧妙的
③reviewer n．评论家
④come round到来
⑤sweat v．出汗
⑥carpet v．把……厚厚地覆盖
⑦wake up醒来，唤醒
⑧secrecy n．保密，秘密状态
⑨quietness n．安静，宁静
⑩shaving n．刮胡子
come out出来
flush v．(使)发红
delicate adj.精美的，精致的
transform ...into ...把……转变成……
faintly adv.微弱地；模糊地
dispose v．排列，布置
sparkle n．闪耀，闪光
study n．书房
prospect n．开阔的景观，景色
redden v．(使)变红
glare n．刺眼的强光
remains n．剩余物
flake n．小薄片
bend v．变弯曲
rhyme n．儿歌，童谣
flatten v．压平
原文呈现
First Snow
Mr Robert Lynd once said of Jane Austen's characters①： “They are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event.” Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty② reviewer③ as another Mr Woodhouse, I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round④ again.[1]The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.[2]It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating⑤ in a hot climate, during the snowy season, so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted⑥.
[1]句中as ...as“像……一样”；whom引导非限制性定语从句；as if后为虚拟语气。
[2]句中that引导表语从句。
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event.You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up⑦ to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not magic, then where is it to be found The very secrecy⑧and quietness⑨ of the thing makes it more magical.
When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.The light that came through the windows was very strange, and it made the familiar business of splashing and shaving⑩ and brushing and dressing very strange too.Then the sun came out ， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.[3]The dining room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight.
[3]句中and为并列连词，连接并列句；by the time引导时间状语从句。
An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.The world had completely changed again.The little Japanese prints had all disappeared.I looked out of my study window, over the garden, the field, to the low hills beyond, and the ground went on and on, the sky was thick grey, and all the trees so many black and threatening shapes.There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect .It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel grassland.At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened .It was that kind of landscape.
Now it has changed again.The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains .But the snow is falling heavily, in great soft flakes , so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley, and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending , and the weathercock of the village church, still to be seen through the grey loaded air, has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.[4]From my study, which is apart from the house and faces it, I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow：[5]
Snow, snow faster:
White alabaster!
Killing geese in Scotland,
Sending feathers here!
(Adaptation from First Snow by John Boynton Priestley)
[4]此句为由三个and连接四个分句构成的并列句。在第一个分句中，in great soft flakes为插入语，so that引导结果状语从句；在第四个分句中，still to be seen through the grey loaded air为插入语。
[5]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词my study，在从句中作主语；see the children flattening ...为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；I used to repeat为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句。
译文参考
初雪
罗伯特·林德先生曾这样评论过简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“在这些人的生命里，场场小雪皆是大事。”在这位公正睿智的评论家面前，即便是冒着让自己看起来像伍德豪斯先生那样的风险，我也得坚持说：“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我看到他们都透过窗户望着神奇的外面，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。事实上，这场雪对我而言，也是同样的奇异，同样的迷人。这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，这确实似乎是我很长一段时间没有看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯了。
这场初雪不仅是一件大事，而且还是一件具有魔力的大事。入睡时，世界是一个模样，醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样，若非有魔力，如何才能这般？神秘，悄然，这给雪又添了几分魔力。
当我今天早上起床的时候，这个世界是一个冰冷的地方，到处都是了无生气的白色和淡蓝色。窗子透进来的光线很是怪异，使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙、穿衣服这些熟悉的日常行为也显得离奇古怪。接着太阳出来了等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。餐厅的窗户成了 一幅可爱的日本版画。在阳光的普照之下，屋外的李子树的树干和枝丫被淡粉的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。
一两个小时过后，一切都闪着或白或蓝的微光。世界又彻底改变了模样。小小的日本版画都消失不见了，我从书房看向窗外，越过花园、田野，再望向远处低矮的小山，沿着不断向前延伸的地面望去，天空成了厚重的灰色，所有的树木都显出一副黑黢黢和凶神恶煞的样子。整个景象确实会给人带来一种奇怪的、不安的感受。就好像我们这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切小乡村变成了暴躁的草原：仿佛随时可能看见一群骑兵从黑黝黝的树丛中冲出，可能听见武器的交错响声，最后好像看见远处的白雪一点点被血液染红。这幅景象就是给人这种感觉。
现在，一切又变了。炫目的日光已然消失，也不再有那种紧张不安感。但是雪下得很大，大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，遮挡了你的视线，让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木被压得弯下腰来，仍然可以透过灰蒙蒙的空中看到的村里教堂的风标已变成汉斯·安徒生笔下的某个人物。我的书房是和房子独立开来的，书房在房子的对面。从书房看去，可以看到孩子们把鼻子抵在窗户上看雪的样子，我想起小时候，我把鼻子贴在冰冷的窗户上，看着飘落的雪花，常常重复的一首童谣：
下雪吧，下快一点吧，
石膏一样的雪白！
在苏格兰宰些鹅，
把雪白的羽毛送到这儿来吧！
(改编自约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利的《初雪》)
PAGE
1Unit 6 Nature in words
非谓语动词作宾语、状语和宾语补足语
[观察例句]
①The building being built is a new shopping mall.
②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
③A 13 year study of early childhood development made by Harvard University has shown that，by the age of three，most children have the big potential to understand about 1，000 words.
④Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 1503—1506，the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.
⑤Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
⑥The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to elephants.
⑦It's wrong to leave the computer working.
⑧The old man found his hometown much changed.
⑨We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.
1．句①②③中，黑体部分在句中作定语。
2．句④⑤⑥中黑体部分在句中作状语。
3．句⑦⑧⑨中黑体部分在句中作宾语补足语。
[归纳用法]
1．不定式、动名词和分词作定语
(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
他是个很好共事的人。
The man to come to our assistance is Mike.
要来帮助我们的人是迈克。
(2)动名词作前置定语，用来说明该名词的性质、用途，可替换成for短语。
a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming(动名词)
(3)分词作定语
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义；现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
China is a developing country，not a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。
[名师点津] 动名词作定语通常表示用途
reading room 阅览室
operating table 手术台
swimming pool 游泳池
singing competition 歌咏比赛
drinking water 饮用水
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Have you got anything to say(say) at the meeting
②The car repaired(repair) yesterday by him is my mother's.
③The man standing(stand) at the gate is my English teacher.
④The ability to express(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.
⑤I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch(catch)．
⑥There are a lot of swimming(swim) pools in the city.
2．非谓语动词作状语的用法区别
(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。
In order to arrive there on time，I got up early.
为了按时到达那里，我很早就起床了。
He's old enough to go to school himself.
他年龄够大了，可以自己去上学了。
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
她气得连话都说不出来。
Jack hurried to the booking office，only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.
杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)
I am glad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)
(2)动词 ing形式(现在分词)和动词 ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词 ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词 ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。
Seeing the teacher，he ran into the classroom.
看见老师，他跑进了教室。
Surrounded by a group of pupils，the old teacher walked into the classroom.
在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。
Being Party members，we should take the lead in everything.
作为党员，凡事我们都应该起带头作用。
[名师点津]动词 ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作，但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时，则情况不是这样。
Judging by the direction of the wind，it won't rain today.
根据风向判断，今天不会下雨。
Generally speaking，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.
一般说来，照相机越贵，质量就越好。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.
②Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
③If accepted(accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.
④After he had watered the garden，he began to mow the lawn.
→Having watered the garden，he began to mow the lawn.
⑤When they are heated，metals expand.
→Heated，metals expand.
⑥She awoke，so that she found herself lost in the forest.
→She awoke，only to find herself lost in the forest.
3．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语
动词不定式作补足语表示动作的全过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义。
We watched her crossing the street.(动作正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。
I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。
I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)
我听见有人叫我。
[巧学助记]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补：动词＋宾语＋动词不定式：
劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend，teach，order，command，ask，tell)；
允许又警告(allow，permit，warn)；
使役表意向(cause，let，have，make，lead，set，leave，get，wish，want，expect)；
知觉动词妙(feel，hear，watch，see，observe，notice)。
(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语：
see，watch，hear，feel，find，get，keep，notice，observe，listen to，look at，leave，catch等。
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
他把小汽车停在门口。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to，但在变为被动结构时(watch，notice除外)，省略的to则必须加上。
[即学即练3] 完成句子
①I couldn't make myself heard above the noise of the traffic.
车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。
②I saw him take your dictionary away．
我看到他把你的词典拿走了。
③I saw him going upstairs．
我看见他正在上楼。
④He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.
他让灯亮了一整夜，这使他父母很生气。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.
2．I find some students in this school often punished(punish) by the teachers.
3．Having lived(live) in London for years，I almost know every place quite well.
4．Having experienced many failures，I have the courage to meet(meet) all challenges.
5．There are a lot of people standing(stand) in line waiting for the bus.
6．The committee permitted us to go(go) ahead with our building plan.
7．He ran to the station，only to find(find) the bus had left.
8．Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin.
9．The man made all the workers work(work) fifteen hours a day.
10．She tried to make herself understood(understand) in English.
11．When I entered the room，I saw him seated(seat) at the back of the room.
12．Left(leave) alone in a dark room，the little girl was so frightened at the frightening sound.
13．I found it astonishing(astonish) that none of you liked the film.
14．He stood up and went out of the room，saying(say) nothing.
15．Though told(tell) many times，he always forgot how to run the machine.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Research has become both simpler and more complex.It's simpler because，if you have a computer，you can find information you need by 1.searching(search)the Internet.For all your information，you don't have to go to the library 2.to find(find)the relevant resource and 3.take(take)notes on it.Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4.needed(need)．Remember，however，that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is，you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research.
While 5.finding(find)information is easier than ever，at the same time，6.researching(research)has become more complex.There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7.overwhelmed(overwhelm)with the amount of information.You need to learn how 8.to sort(sort)through and 9.find(find)the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need 10.to check(check)．
PAGE
5Unit 6 Nature in words
速读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The children talked away excitedly because Christmas had suddenly come round again.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The next morning the writer found the ground so fantastically carpeted by snow.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．The sun in the morning was shining bravely and made the dining room window a lovely Japanese print.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The writer saw a body of horsemen breaking out from the black trees.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Hans Andersen wrote a rhyme the writer used to repeat when he was a child.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BAABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．sweating in a hot climate
B．flushing the snow with delicate pinks
C．appearing to this fair and witty reviewer
D．lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk
E．disturbing about the whole prospect
F．breaking out from the black trees
1．Even at the risk of as another Mr Woodhouse，I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.
2．It is the first fall we have had here this winter，and last year I was out of the country， ，during the snowy season，so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
3．Then the sun came out，and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and ．
4．The little plum tree outside，with the faintly flushed snow ，stood in full sunlight.
5．There was indeed something curiously ．
6．At any moment，it seemed，a body of horsemen might be seen ，so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened.
[答案] 1－6 CABDEF
Ⅲ.表格填空
The first snow this winter fell last night. I must insist that last night's 1.fall of snow here was an event. I was nearly as excited about it this morning 2.as the children. It was the first fall we had had here this winter，and last year I was 3.out of the country，so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically 4.carpeted.
The scenery in the morning. The world was a cold place of 5.dead white and pale blues.The light that came through the windows was very 6.strange．Then the sun came out.The dining room window had been 7.transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
The scenery an hour or two later. Everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.The world had completely 8.changed again.It was as if our kindly countryside had been turned into 9.a cruel grassland.
The scenery now. It has changed again.The glare has gone and 10.no touch of the disturbing remains.But the snow is falling heavily.
细读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．The scenery in the morning.
2．Para.2 B．The scenery an hour or two later.
3．Para.3 C．The scenery now.
4．Para.4 D．The first fall of snow is a magical event.
5．Para.5 E．How I felt about the last night's fall of snow.
[答案] 1－5 EDABC
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why was the author excited about last night's snow
A．It was the first time for him to experience a snow during the last two years.
B．Christmas had suddenly come round again.
C．He was excited to see the snow because he was a child.
D．The snow happened in a hot climate.
2．What happened when the author woke up the next morning
A．He found himself in a different place.
B．He found the world changed completely.
C．He found the world was magical.
D．He found no one could be seen.
3．What does “dead” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Extinct. B．Gone.
C．Completely. D．Pass away.
4．How does the passage mainly develop
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
[答案] 1－4 ABCC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(五)——描写人物心理和情感
A．阅读教材课文中含有描写人物心理和情感的语句。
1．Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse，I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.
2．I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children，whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
3．The fact is，however，that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.
4．You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different，and if this is not magic，then where is it to be found
5．There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect.
B．判断下列句子是否为表示人物心理和情感的语句。
1．The very secrecy and quietness of the thing makes it more magical. (不是)
2．The dining room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print. (不是)
3．An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue. (不是)
4．The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains. (是)
PAGE
4Unit 6 Nature in words
1．week n．一星期，周→weekly adj.一周一次的，每周的
2．inspect vt.检查，检验；视察→inspector n．检查员，巡视员→inspection n．检查，检验；视察
3．insist v．坚称，坚决认为→insistence n．坚持→insistent adj.坚持的
4．shave vt.& vi.(用剃刀)刮(胡须等)；为(某人)剃毛发→shaving n．刮胡子
5．bend v．变弯曲→bendy adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→bending n．弯曲(度)
6．innocent adj.天真无邪的→innocently adv.无罪地；纯洁地；天真地
prospect n．开阔的景观，景色；可能性，希望；成功的机会，前景；(竞赛中的)有望获胜者
①There is no immediate prospect of peace. 可能性
②Long term prospects for the economy have improved. 前景
③She is one of China's best prospects for a gold medal. 有望获胜者
④a delightful prospect of the lake 景色
Words and Phrases
inspector n．检查员，巡视员
(教材P62) Priestley wrote many successful articles，essays，novels and plays，but is best remembered for his play An Inspector Calls.
普里斯特利写了很多成功的文章、散文、小说和戏剧，但他被世人铭记是因为他的作品《检察官来访》。
[例] The inspector recorded the date in a large red book.
检查员在一本大红册子上记下了日期。
[知识拓展]
(1)inspect vt. 检查；视察
inspect sb./sth.for sth. 因某物而检查某人/某物
(2)inspection n. 检查；视察
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Education officials have been using another two vehicles to inspect schools for structural damage.
②After an inspection(inspect)，the inspectors must publish a report.
③She inspected(inspect)the rooms and found them perfectly tolerable.
insist v．坚称，坚决认为
(教材P62) Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse，I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.
在这位公正睿智的评论家面前，即便是冒着让自己看起来像伍德豪斯先生那样的风险，我也得坚持说：“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”
[例] I insisted that they should wait for our return.
我坚决要求他们等我们回来。
[知识拓展]
(1)insist on/upon (doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事
(2)在“insist＋that...”结构中，当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher insisted on all the homework being handed(hand)in on Monday.
②He insisted on/upon walking me to the station to see me off.
③I wanted to walk to the station，but he insisted that he(should) drive me there．
我想步行到车站，但他坚持要开车送我到那儿。
bend v．变弯曲
(教材P63) But the snow is falling heavily，in great soft flakes，so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley，and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending...
但是雪下得很大，大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，遮挡了你的视线，让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木被压得弯下腰来……
[例] Rheumatism prevents him from bending his back.
风湿病使他不能弯腰。
[知识拓展]
(1)bend down/over 弯下腰来；弯腰
bend backwards/forwards 向后弯曲/向前弯曲
bend to 屈服于，(使)让步
bend oneself to 专心于，致力于
(2)bendy adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的
(3)bending n. 弯曲(度)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most people bend to fate，but I do not.
②Eric bent himself to persuading(persuade)them to donate some blankets.
③As Jim bent down/over to pick up the pen，he felt a sharp pain in his back.
innocent adj.天真无邪的；清白的，无罪的，无辜的；没有恶意的
(教材P64) By recalling his memories as a child during the first snow，the author expresses his longing for the innocent happiness of childhood.
作者通过回忆初雪时的童年，表达了对童年天真快乐的向往。
[例] I'm not quite so innocent as to believe that.
我还不至于天真到相信那种事的地步。
[知识拓展]
an innocent child 天真无邪的孩子
be innocent 无罪；天真，单纯
be innocent of 对……无知；没有犯……罪
play innocent 假装无恶意；装好心
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The court found her innocent of the crime.
②Stop playing(play)innocent and answer my questions，please.
③The circumstance is(be)altogether innocent，but suspicions have been raised.
enhance v．改进；增强
(教材P64) What images does the author use to enhance the description of snow
作者用什么比喻来加强对雪的描述？
[例] Large paintings can enhance the feeling of space in small rooms.
大型油画可以增加小房间的宽敞感。
[知识拓展]
enhance one's consciousness 提高某人的觉悟
enhance one's reputation 提高某人的声誉
enhance readiness 加强准备
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He said that the attractiveness of the book was enhanced(enhance)by excellent drawings.
②His refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation．
他的回绝对提高他的声誉没有任何帮助。
③In our daily life，we always see the publicize logo of“prevent the earth becoming warm，efficiently use the resources”，and all this greatly enhance our consciousness of environmental protection．
在我们的生活中，也经常碰到像“防止地球温暖化，有效利用资源”这样的宣传语，提高了我们的环保意识。
Sentence Pattern
as if引导方式状语从句
(教材原句P62) I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children，whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我看到他们都透过窗户望着神奇的外面，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
句式分析：句中as if相当于as though，是从属连词，意为“似乎，仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。
[例] He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
[知识拓展]
as if也可用在seem，smell，sound，taste等系动词后引导表语从句。
(1)当as if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时，从句用陈述语气。
(2)当as if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时，从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She walked here and there on the playground as if/though she was looking for something.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do)it
③The teacher treats her students very well，as if they were her own children(就好像他们是她自己的孩子)．
④He opened his mouth as if he would say something(好像要说什么)．
1．I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children，whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
分析：句中whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly 为whom引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词children，as if Christmas had suddenly come round again 为as if引导的方式状语从句。
译文：今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我看到他们都透过窗户望着神奇的外面，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
2．It is the first fall we have had here this winter，and last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate，during the snowy season，so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
分析：句中and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列分句，第一个分句中we have had here this winter为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词fall，第二个分句中so that it really does seem an age 为so that引导的结果状语从句，since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted 为since引导的时间状语从句。
译文：这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，这确实似乎是我很长一段时间没有看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯了。
教材 高考
1.I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children，whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. (2020·浙江1月卷)By doing this，we can form a closer relationship with our customers as if they were our neighbors or relatives.
2.Then the sun came out，and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks. (2019·北京卷)By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
3.But the snow is falling heavily，in great soft flakes，so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley，and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending... (2020·浙江1月卷)He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.
4....and the weathercock of the village church，still to be seen through the grey loaded air，has become some creature out of Hans Andersen. (2019·江苏卷)The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It looks as if she were(be)an angel.
2．He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround)．
3．Inspectors(inspector)were appointed to look into the affairs of the company.
4．While operating charge increased，the production cost enhanced(enhance)，too.
5．Young children often learn nursery rhymes(rhyme)．
6．By the time they get there，we will have finished(finish)the work.
7．He gave up his plan and bent to all of the demands.
8．The two halves of the town face each other，and both have interesting churches(church)．
9．His room is apart from the rest of the house.
10．A sitting room can be transformed into a guest bedroom simply by adding a sofa bed.
Ⅱ.短语填空
glare at，early on，as if，at the beginning，insist on，be famous for，break out，long for，by the time，at any moment
1．He treats me as if I were his own daughter.
2．He insisted on doing it in his own way.
3．The father glared at the naughty boy and scolded him for his behaviour.
4．We long for a parent to care for us，to save us from our childish mistakes.
5．I said at the beginning that I wanted this to be a good year for staff.
6．We made a lot of mistakes early on in this conflict.
7．I'm always worn out by the time I finish work on Fridays.
8．At any moment，one can stop，walk away，give up，or find an excuse not to practice.
9．He was 29 when war broke out．
10．Its buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The first fall of snow is not only an event，but it is a magical event.The very secrecy and 1.quietness(quiet)of the thing makes it more magical.When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.The light 2.coming(come)through the windows seemed quite strange，and it made the familiar business of 3.splashing(splash)and shaving and brushing and dressing very strange too.Then the sun came out，and later it was 4.shining(shine) bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.My dining room window changed into a 5.lovely(love)Japanese print.The little plum tree outside，with snow 6.lining(line)its branches and artfully 7.disposed(dispose)，stood in full sunlight.An hour or two later，everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.The ground went on and on，the sky was thick grey，and all the trees so many black and 8.threatening(threaten) shapes.The entire scene looked like a cruel grassland.Now，the snow is falling 9.heavily(heavy)．The roofs are thick and the trees all bending.I can see the children 10.flattening(flatten)their noses against the window.
PAGE
1Unit 6 Nature in words
阅读P68－69教材中的材料，选择最佳答案。
1．What does“lines” mean in the second paragraph
A．A long thin mark. B．A group of words.
C．An imaginary border. D．A remark.
2．Which kind of person is Rachel Carson except ？
A．thorough B．responsible
C．determined D．emotional
3．The text is a(n) ．
A．science report B．book review
C．science fiction D．autobiography
4．Which of the following is not true about Silent Spring
A．It contains a lot of scientific research.
B．The language is beautiful and elegant.
C．It was a milestone in the green movement.
D．It was well received by everyone.
[答案] 1－4 BDBD
Words and Phrases
dozen number一打；许多
(教材P69) The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.
该书还列举了许多其他的实例来说明一些根除方案根本没有采取任何措施来减少它们原本要解决的问题。
[例] I'd like three dozen altogether.
我一共想要3打。
[知识拓展]
by the dozen 按打计算；大量地
dozens of 许多的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On her birthday，she always receives cards by the dozen.
②Dozens(dozen)of miles of railway track have been torn up.
③If you buy a dozen of these tins，we can take 5 percent off the price.
[名师点津]
(1)与具体数字连用时，不加复数词尾 s；若后接名词，通常也无需用介词of。
(2)若不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾 s，而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。如：
There were dozens of people there.那里有许多人。
(3)当与a few，several，many等数目不很具体的词或词组连用时，带不带复数词尾 s均可，但是注意：若不带复数词尾 s，其后的介词of可以省略；若带复数词尾 s，则其后介词of不能省略。如：
several dozens of eggs＝several dozen eggs 几打鸡蛋
(4)若其后的名词被the，these，those等特指限定词修饰，或其后接的是us，them 等人称代词时，则此时必须用介词of。如：
a dozen of his friends 他的12个朋友
two dozen of them 它们中的24个
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
(教材P69) The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson's sources，showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
这本书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
[例] A lawyer needs a precise mind.
律师需要有缜密的思考能力。
[知识拓展]
(1)to be precise 准确地说，确切地说
be precise about... ……方面准确
(2)precisely adv. 精确地；恰好；细心地
more precisely 更确切地说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The shelf is about a metre long—well，98 cm，to be(be)precise.
②The problem is due to discipline，or，more precisely(precise)，the lack of discipline，in schools.
③You have to be precise about the numbers.
ban vt.禁止，取缔n.禁令
(教材P69) Its impact was immediate and far reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)was established in the US.
它的巨大影响是立刻显现的和深远的：DDT的使用被禁止，环境保护署(EPA)在美国成立。
[例] Smoking is now banned in many places of work.
现在许多工作场所禁止吸烟。
[知识拓展]
(1)ban sth. 禁止(做)某事
ban sb.from (doing)sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
(2)a ban on/against sth. 对……的禁令
place/put...under a ban 禁止……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Chemical weapons are banned(ban)internationally.
②They are banned from swimming(swim)in the river.
③There is a ban on/against smoking in all indoor public places.
④The new rule has put/placed smoking under a ban.
[名师点津]
“禁止某人做某事”的表达：
ban sb.from doing sth.
prohibit sb.from doing sth.
forbid sb.from doing sth.
forbid sb.to do sth.
launch n．推出，发起
(教材P69) Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.
《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑。
[例] The launch of their new machines in this factory received much media coverage.
这个工厂投产的新机器广获传媒报道。
[知识拓展]
(1)the launch of (火箭)的发射；(船)下水；(新产品)
投产
(2)launch into (积极热情地)开始，着手
launch out 开创，启动(新而难的事)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She launched into an explanation of how the machine worked.
②She's decided she has enough experience to launch out on her own.
③She is signing copies of her book at the official launch.
Sentence Pattern
more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
(教材P69) Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.
还有一些人说她的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。
句式分析：句中more...than...意思为“与其说……倒不如说……”；另外，此结构意思还可以是“比……多，比……更”。
[例1] The book seems to be more a dictionary than one on grammar.
与其说这是本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。
[例2] It is more a lyric than a folk story.
与其说这是个民间故事，不如说是首抒情诗。
[造句] 众所周知，行动比语言更有力度。
As we all know，actions are more powerful than words.
[知识拓展]
(1)no more...than... 与……一样不
not more...than... 不如；不及
(2)more than 超过；不止
more than one＋单数名词，意为“不止一个……”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①This book is not more difficult than that one.
这本书不如那本书难。
②He's no more able to read Spanish than I am.
他和我都不懂西班牙语。
③He is more than a writer; he is also a professor.
他不仅仅是位作家，还是一名教授。
词义猜测题
[方法技巧]
词义猜测题主要考查学生猜测文章中某个生词、短语或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词、短语或词块代替。此外，也会涉及某一个熟词在不同语境中的不同含义。
解题关键
词义猜测主要是从“已知”得出“未知”，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词语前后的内容)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测。
[例文]
But this summer I find myself at a loss.I'm not quite interested in Balzac，say，or“Tristram Shandy”．There's always War and Peace, which I've covered some distance several times，only to get bogged down in the“War”part，set it aside for a while，and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again，having forgotten everyone's name and social rank.How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite—once more into“The Waves”or“Justine”，which feels almost like cheating，too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.
What do the underlined words“get bogged down”mean
A．Get confused.
B．Be carried away.
C．Be interrupted.
D．Make no progress.
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“covered some distance several times”和“set it aside for a while”及读后的结果“having forgotten everyone's name and social rank”可知，作者在读战争部分时几次合上书，把书放一边，句中画线词指的是陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展。与Make no progress同义，故选D。]
[即学即练]
A
Education takes time.We could insist that everyone study full time until the age of 45 but that would surely be too much.And perhaps half the population studying until they're 21 is also too much.As for universities，they consume financial and intellectual resources—perhaps those resources might be better spent elsewhere.
What's the meaning of the underlined word“consume”？
A．Use. B．Provide.
C．Delight. D．Raise.
A [词义猜测题。根据“Education takes time.”可知，教育要占用时间，再结合画线词后的“financial and intellectual resources”可知，大学占用大量财政和智力资源，由此可知画线词意为“占用、使用”，故A项正确。]
B
But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit，I needed my dad to pull back the curtain so I could see him as real and accessible.I was facing serious problems，and I wanted to know whether he had faced them before and how he had found his way，because I felt like I had lost mine.In desperation，it occurred to me that sending an email might be the key，so I wrote him one，telling him about my regrets and fears，and I asked him to answer，if he felt like it.
The underlined part can be best replaced by ．
A．draw the curtain
B．become more optimistic
C．show his true self
D．clear the misunderstanding
C [词义猜测题。根据“But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit，I needed my dad to pull back the curtain so I could see him as real and accessible.”但一年前，当我与妻子和事业的关系受到打击时，我需要父亲拉开帷幕，让我看到他是真实的、平易近人的可推知，需要父亲拉开帷幕则意为“展示真实的自己”。故C选项正确。]
C
The global figures reveal that even the Americans put Britain to shame when it comes to taking exercise.Britain has one of the most sedentary populations on the earth，with almost twice the proportion of people defined as“inactive”as in neighboring France.In the UK，63.3 percent of the population fails to meet recommended levels of physical activity，increasing their risk of conditions such as heart disease，diabetes and cancer.By contrast，40.5 percent of US citizens are inactive，despite more than 30 percent of them being obese.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“sedentary”？
A．Proud. B．Inactive.
C．Silent. D．Energetic.
B [根据画线词所在句的下半句“with almost twice the proportion of people defined as‘inactive’as in neighboring France”几乎是邻国法国被定义为“不活跃”的人口比例的两倍可知，英国是拥有地球上最不活跃的人口的国家之一。故画线词sedentary与inactive最接近。故B选项正确。]
PAGE
4Unit 6 Nature in words
1．Accuse not nature，she has done her part. —John Milton
别责怪自然，她已尽其职。 ——约翰·弥尔顿
2．What is a weed A plant whose virtues have not been discovered.
— Emerson
什么是杂草？杂草是一种利用价值尚未被发现的植物。 ——爱默生
3．The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. — Emerson
热爱大自然的人内外感觉协调一致，即使进入成年后依然保持着童心。 ——爱默生
4．Fish and visitors smell three days. —Benjamin Franklin
鱼放三天发臭，客住三天讨嫌。 ——本杰明·富兰克林
5．Animals are such agreeable friends—they ask no questions，they pass no criticisms. —George Eliot
动物是非常怡人的朋友，它们不问任何问题，也不提出任何批评。 ——乔治·艾略特
Begin by opening your eyes and be surprised that you have eyes you can open，that incredible array of colors that is constantly offered to us for pure enjoyment.
Look at the sky.We so rarely look at the sky.We so rarely note how different it is from moment to moment，with clouds coming and going.We just think of the weather，and even with the weather，we don't think of all the many nuances of weather.We just think of good weather and bad weather.This day，right now，has unique weather，maybe a kind that will never exactly in that form come again.That formation of clouds in the sky will never be the same that is right now.Open your eyes.Look at that.
Each spring brings a new blossom of wildflowers in the ditches (路沟)along the highway I travel daily to work.I've noticed that they bloom only in the morning hours.Every day for approximately two weeks，I see those beautiful flowers.
This spring，I started a wildflower garden in our yard.I've often thought that those lovely blue flowers from the ditches would look great in that bed alongside other wildflowers.Everyday I drove past the flowers thinking，“I'll stop on my way home and dig them.”But I never stop to dig them.
One day on my way home from work，I was saddened to see that the highway department had mowed the ditches and the pretty blue flowers were gone.I thought to myself，“Way to go，you waited too long.You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring.”
And yes，if I see the blue flowers again，you can bet I'll stop and transplant them to my wildflower garden.
[探索发现]
1．What's the best title for the passage
Lost chance never returns.
2．What do you learn from the passage
We should grasp every chance to do what we want to do instead of hesitation.
PAGE
2Unit 6 Nature in words
如何写英语诗歌
诗歌是各种英语文体中最富有激情和感彩的一种。诗歌往往用高度凝练的语言来表达诗人的喜怒哀乐。
诗歌的篇幅一般短小精悍、语言精练、感情强烈。在格式上，英语诗歌同汉语诗歌一样讲究押韵。诗的押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定的音韵效果，一首诗的押韵具有带规律性的一致性，尤其是在诗句的末尾，称尾韵。
现代诗歌可以押韵，也可以不押韵，但是写作时需注意两点：
1．要有节奏感。没有节奏感的诗歌，不能算诗，最多算是分行的散文。
2．要把握句子结构的平衡。也就是诗句长短不要相差太多，否则读起来给人不平衡、不舒服之感。
下面我们欣赏一首佳作：
When You Are Old
When you are old and grey and full of sleep，
And nodding by the fire，take down this book，
And slowly read，and dream of the soft look，
Your eyes had once，and of their shadows deep；
How many loved your moments of glad grace，
And loved your beauty with love false or true，
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you，
And loved the sorrows of your changing face；
And bending down beside the glowing bars，
Murmur，a little sadly，how love fled，
And paced upon the mountains overhead，
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
这首诗的作者是William Butler Yeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝)。叶芝是爱尔兰最伟大的诗人之一，对现代诗有很大影响。这首诗是叶芝写给自己心爱的人的情诗。诗中的主人公“你”指的是爱尔兰革命家Maud Gonne，叶芝遇见她并爱上她，曾多次向其求婚，均未成功，但他对她爱慕终生，于是就有了这篇经典之作。
全诗共三节，前两节均是对 Maud Gonne的爱意的倾诉。第一节中虽然多次用第二人称“你”，但实际上是描述作者自己心中的所思所想。第二节中诗人采用了对比的手法，讲述了对 Maud Gonne的爱慕之情，突出自己永恒的爱。最后一节诗人描述了自己内心悲伤的感情。诗中sleep/deep，book/look，grace/face，bars/stars，fled/overhead这几组韵调使诗歌富于音韵感，有音律美，节奏感强，读起来琅琅上口。
纵观全诗，没有华丽的辞藻，也找不到甜蜜的情话，有的只是平淡的文字背后寄予的永恒的爱意和深情，反而能让读者久久回味。
请以The Significance of Failure为题写一首英文现代诗歌，句尾可以押韵，也可以不押韵，但每句诗都要以排比的形式重复使用Failure doesn't mean...It does mean....
【参考范文】
The Significance of Failure
Failure doesn't mean you are a failure，
It does mean you haven't succeeded yet.
Failure doesn't mean you have accomplished nothing，
It does mean you have to do something in a different way.
Failure doesn't mean you are inferior，
It does mean you are not perfect.
Failure doesn't mean you've wasted your life，
It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.
Failure doesn't mean you have been a fool，
It does mean you had a lot of faith.
Failure doesn't mean you've been disgraced，
It does mean you were willing to try.
Failure doesn't mean you should give up，
It does mean you must try harder.
Failure doesn't mean you'll never make it，
It does mean it will take a little longer.
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