外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册：Unit5 Revealing nature Starting out 课后基础巩固练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册：Unit5 Revealing nature Starting out 课后基础巩固练（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 36.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-23 12:47:06 | ||
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Unit5 Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、完成句子
1.在鞋类博物馆展出的“特殊用途”鞋让大多数游客感到惊奇。
Most of our visitors and amazed—by the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear.
2.首先,我得说,当你和父母沟通有困难时,你并不孤单。
,I’ve to say you’re not alone when having trouble communicating with parents.
3.她在新泽西的家中说:“迈格拉希的任何一次泄密都是一种耻辱。”
Speaking from her home in New Jersey,she said,“Any letting out of Megrahi would .”
4.他们就要结婚了,而且还要一起做生意呢。
They are going to get married,and they are setting up in business together.
5.目前我们还没有其他行星上存在生命的证据。
At present we of life on other planets.
二、阅读理解
Food storing is common in members of the crow (乌鸦) family.A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour,which may have evolved (进化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage.Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours— something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.
In another experiment,the researchers taught crows to select a token (礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.Again,the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour.This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning,which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour.
These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate.Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage,or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions Most critics would say the former,as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.
But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature.This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems.Instead,it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans.We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.Then we might be able to see how the crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.
1.What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1
A.They can store food.
B.They can use tools to recover food.
C.They can store and recover tools.
D.They can select and store food.
2.What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token
A.Reject it casually.
B.Exchange it for food.
C.Save it as their food.
D.Build a nest with it.
3.What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future
A.They are controversial.
B.They are disappointing.
C.They are contradictory.
D.They are convincing.
4.What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals
A.They develop only with age.
B.It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.
C.No animals but crows benefit from them.
D.Planning for the future helps their evolution.
三、阅读七选五
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.__1__
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.__2__We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.__3__
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.__4__The synapses (突触) in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size.__5__“You keep what matters，” Tononi says.
A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
一、完成句子
1.are shocked
2.To begin with
3.be a disgrace
4.what’s more
5.have no evidence
二、阅读理解
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.B
三、阅读七选五
1．C 根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.可知，如果实验室里的老鼠不睡觉，一个月它们就死了。同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病。人和动物形成对应，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
2．E 前一句提到睡觉有助于我们加强新的记忆。所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后为因果关系，故选E。
3．F 根据下文中的he可知，此处要提到一个人以及他的理论，故选F。
4．G 根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice 以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项中的synapses和mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。
5．B 根据后一句提到的You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)可知，大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
第6页（共8页）
一、完成句子
1.在鞋类博物馆展出的“特殊用途”鞋让大多数游客感到惊奇。
Most of our visitors and amazed—by the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear.
2.首先,我得说,当你和父母沟通有困难时,你并不孤单。
,I’ve to say you’re not alone when having trouble communicating with parents.
3.她在新泽西的家中说:“迈格拉希的任何一次泄密都是一种耻辱。”
Speaking from her home in New Jersey,she said,“Any letting out of Megrahi would .”
4.他们就要结婚了,而且还要一起做生意呢。
They are going to get married,and they are setting up in business together.
5.目前我们还没有其他行星上存在生命的证据。
At present we of life on other planets.
二、阅读理解
Food storing is common in members of the crow (乌鸦) family.A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour,which may have evolved (进化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage.Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours— something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.
In another experiment,the researchers taught crows to select a token (礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.Again,the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour.This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning,which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour.
These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate.Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage,or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions Most critics would say the former,as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.
But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature.This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems.Instead,it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans.We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.Then we might be able to see how the crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.
1.What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1
A.They can store food.
B.They can use tools to recover food.
C.They can store and recover tools.
D.They can select and store food.
2.What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token
A.Reject it casually.
B.Exchange it for food.
C.Save it as their food.
D.Build a nest with it.
3.What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future
A.They are controversial.
B.They are disappointing.
C.They are contradictory.
D.They are convincing.
4.What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals
A.They develop only with age.
B.It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.
C.No animals but crows benefit from them.
D.Planning for the future helps their evolution.
三、阅读七选五
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.__1__
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.__2__We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.__3__
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.__4__The synapses (突触) in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size.__5__“You keep what matters，” Tononi says.
A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
一、完成句子
1.are shocked
2.To begin with
3.be a disgrace
4.what’s more
5.have no evidence
二、阅读理解
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.B
三、阅读七选五
1．C 根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.可知，如果实验室里的老鼠不睡觉，一个月它们就死了。同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病。人和动物形成对应，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
2．E 前一句提到睡觉有助于我们加强新的记忆。所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后为因果关系，故选E。
3．F 根据下文中的he可知，此处要提到一个人以及他的理论，故选F。
4．G 根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice 以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项中的synapses和mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。
5．B 根据后一句提到的You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)可知，大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
第6页（共8页）