Unit 3 War and peace
介绍一位英雄人物
描写一位英雄人物属于记叙文的范畴，它以写人、记事为主，以叙述和描写为主要表达方式。一篇好的人物描写一般分为三大部分，即生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的评论。时态的选择要视情况而定，若写人物的过去就用过去时态，若写人物的现在就用现在时态。
[基本框架]
1．首段：生平介绍
人物的出生时间和地点是必不可少的信息；介绍生平时要尊重客观事实，材料要真实。
2．中段：事迹叙述
选材要着眼于人物的生活背景及其成就事迹，以形成对比，起到突出人物的特点和树立榜样的作用。选材要有重点，不必面面俱到。
3．尾段：简短的评论
对所描述的人物的评论要客观公正。
[常用词块]
1．at the age of four 4岁时
2．a boy of sixteen一个16岁的男孩
3．make friends with her和她交朋友
4．be ready to help others乐于助人
5．a lively and smart girl一个活泼聪明的女孩
6．be warm hearted and good looking热心肠而且漂亮/俊朗
7．learn from each other and help each other相互帮助相互学习
8．be highly praised by the teachers and students得到老师和同学的高度称赞
9．join the Eighth Route Army参加八路军
10．be born in a poor peasant family出生于一个贫苦的农民家庭
[常用语句]
1．介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征
①He has fair hair and blue eyes.
他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。
②Abraham Lincoln，the son of a poor family，was born in Kentucky on February 12，1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯，一个贫苦家庭的儿子，于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
③She is an ordinary looking girl，but her kindness and consideration impress me most.
她是一个普普通通的女孩，但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。
④He is a good looking，kind hearted man.
他是一个相貌俊朗，心地善良的男子。
2．介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩
①She won first prize in the Chinese Poetry Contest at the age of ten.
她10岁就获得了《中国诗词比赛》一等奖。
②He spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries.As a result，China's economy developed faster.
他花了28年在海上航行，到达30多个国家。结果，中国的经济发展得更快了。
③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语，更擅长使用电脑。
3．介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
①We regard him as our model.
我们把他作为我们的榜样。
②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
人们把他作为一个鼓舞人心的领袖而开始热爱他。
③Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到称赞。
保定市残疾青年医生宁学雷，凭着其过人的医术和高尚的医德为乡邻所敬重。请你根据下列有关提示用英语写一篇报道，简要介绍身残志坚的好医生宁学雷。
1．宁学雷出生在河北保定市，1岁时患上了小儿麻痹症，导致下身瘫痪，疾病的磨难激发了他学医救人的志向；
2．经过多年的刻苦学习，他最终实现了梦想，考入了一所医学院；
3．大学毕业后，他开了一家诊所，边行医边学习，不断提高自己的医术；
4．他医德高尚，不计报酬，始终把治病救人放在首位，因此赢得了人们的尊重。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．短文要求包含所有要点，但不必逐条翻译；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：小儿麻痹症poliomyelitis
【学生习作】
Ning Xuelei was born in Baoding，Hebei Province.He suffered from poliomyelitis at the age of one and never regained the use of his legs.The hardship and sufferings never defeated him but inspired him to study medicine to save people's lives in the future.
After he studied hard for many years，he finally realized his dream and was admitted to a medical college.He started a clinic and began to give medical treatments to people.He tries his best to improve his medical skills by learning from other experienced doctors.
Ning Xuelei is a noble doctor without expecting rewards from his patients.As a doctor，he puts “curing the sickness to save the patient”first，thus winning wide respect from others.
点评：
1．条理清晰；
2．要点齐全；
3．句式较为简单。
4．缺少必要的衔接手段。
【升格作文】
Ning Xuelei，born in Baoding, Hebei Province，suffered from poliomyelitis at the age of one and never regained the use of his legs.The hardship and sufferings never defeated him but inspired him to study medicine to save people's lives in the future.
Having studied hard for many years，he finally realized his dream and was admitted to a medical college.After graduating，he started a clinic and began to give medical treatments to people.In the meanwhile，he tries his best to improve his medical skills by learning from other experienced doctors.
Ning Xuelei is a noble doctor without expecting rewards from his patients.In addition，as a doctor，he puts “curing the sickness to save the patient”first，thus winning wide respect from others.
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍抗日巾帼英雄赵一曼 。
1．赵一曼，抗日英雄，1905年生于四川省。
2．1926年加入了中国共产党。
3．1935年，赵一曼成为东北抗联的领导人之一，同日本侵略者进行了游击战争。
4．1935年11月，在与日军作战期间，为了保护战友，赵一曼被俘。
5．在监狱里，日本人使用了各种酷刑，但她没有透露任何信息，绝不屈服。
6．1936年8月1日，日本人在珠河县杀害了她。
7．赵一曼同志为民族解放献出了自己最宝贵的生命。
8．她伟大的英雄形象和光辉事迹永远激励着中华儿女坚韧不拔、开拓前进。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词汇：the North east Anti Japanese United Army 东北抗日联军 torture n．酷刑 liberation n．解放 persevere v．坚韧不拔 forge ahead开拓前进
【参考范文】
Zhao Yiman，an anti Japanese heroine，was born in Sichuan Province in 1905.She joined the Communist Party of China(CPC)in 1926.In 1935 Zhao Yiman became one of the leaders of the North east Anti Japanese United Army，fighting a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In November 1935，during fighting against the Japanese army，Zhao Yiman was captured to protect her comrades.In prison，the Japanese used all kinds of cruel tortures，but she did not reveal any information，never giving in.On August 1st，1936，she was killed in Zhuhe County.
Comrade Zhao Yiman gave her most precious life for national liberation，whose great heroic image and brilliant achievements always inspire the Chinese people to persevere and forge ahead.
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4Unit 3 War and peace
1．We make war that we may live in peace. —Aristotle
我们战争是为了和平。 ——亚里士多德
2．There never was a good war，or a bad peace.
—Benjamin Franklin
从来就不存在好的战争，也不存在坏的和平。
——本杰明·富兰克林
3．Let us love the world to peace. —Eileen Elias Freeman
让我们热爱世界和平。 ——艾琳·伊莱亚斯·弗里曼
4．The real and lasting victories are those of peace，and not of war.
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
真正而持久的胜利就是和平，而不是战争。 ——拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
Recently，our country celebrated the 70th anniversary of both the world's anti fascism war and the victory of China's Resistance War against Japanese Aggression.As we all know，peace has become an important problem.
As is known to all，there are still various wars around the world which cause death and ruins.It seems that wars can't be avoided.But peace is the ultimate goal of all of our undertaking in this world.
We must remember the history and make the world a more peaceful，more harmonious，more beautiful place to live in.
This was a time of peace and wealth.There would be no more wars，and we were lucky to live in such a time.But when those planes hit; when firefighters with terror on their faces ran among the parts of the buildings that had fallen; when people screamed for their family members; when history was unfolding before our eyes，in full，clear colour—then we knew the world had been changed.
Everything that had happened in the past seemed to take on new life through September 11，2001.
Knowing how many human beings turned to ashes in a second，and seeing some jumps from the buildings，I know that my generation is growing up in a world where mankind can still be evil.But seeing those heroes risk lives among the castle like ruins，and seeing the eager blood donors (献血者)at the hospitals，my generation has learned that tears are allowed，that mankind can also be beautiful，and that the ghost of evil will never defeat the spirit of good.
[探索发现]
1．Why was the passage written
In honor of the September 11 attack.
2．List two things that make the writer believe the world is still beautiful.
The heroes risking lives among the ruins; the eager blood donors at the hospitals.
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1Unit 3 War and peace
阅读P32－33教材中的材料，选出最佳选项。
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The background of the establishment of Lianda.
B．Reasons for the establishment of Lianda.
C．How the students of Lianda study hard.
D．The establishment of Lianda and its influence.
2．The reason for the establishment of Lianda is ．
A．to continue educating students in China
B．to save the educational and intellectual heritage of the three universities
C．to train soldiers for the Anti Japanese War
D．to improve the consciousness of the whole people in the Anti Japanese War
3．Which is WRONG about the difficulties Lianda was faced with at that time
A．There were no enough classrooms and equipment.
B．The harassment and attack from the enemy.
C．Lack of teachers.
D．Poor natural environment.
4．What is the theme of Zha Liangzheng's poem in the passage
A．To call on people to fight with the invaders.
B．To remind people not to forget the hardships the Chinese people suffered.
C．To advise students to study in Lianda.
D．To describe the contributions his peers made.
[答案]1－4 DBCD
Words and Phrases
associated联合的
(教材P32) To save their educational and intellectual heritage，the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University，otherwise known as Lianda.
为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，也被称为联大。
[例] He is one of the journalists of the Associated Press.
他是美联社的一名记者。
[知识拓展]
(1)be associated with 与……有关，与……
联系在一起
(2)associate vt. 联系；结交；联想
associate...with... 交往；(尤指)混在一起
associate (oneself) with... 与……交往
(3)association n. 联合，结合；协会
in association with... 与……有联系，与……联合
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Her mother warned her of not associating with bad companions.
②His English improved rapidly because of his association(associate) with British people.
③So as you might expect，fast moving people are associated(associate) with fast moving economies.
④奇幻文学并不和现实生活联系在一起。
Fantasy literature isn't associated with real life．(associated)
＝Fantasy literature isn't connected with real life．(connected)
＝Fantasy literature isn't related to real life．(related)
dedication n．奉献
(教材P33) ...but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
……也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。
[例] They faced one difficulty after another with bravery and dedication.
他们以无畏和无私奉献的精神面对一个又一个的困难。
[知识拓展]
(1)dedication to 献身；奉献
(2)dedicate v. 把……献给；致力于
dedicate...to... 把……献给……
dedicate oneself/one's life to sth./doing sth.
献身于……；把一生献给……
(3)dedicated adj. 敬业的；有奉献精神的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The general manager called on his staff for dedication to the firm during the time of the crisis.
② Mary dedicated herself(she) to a life of fashion show.
③The artisan is certainly dedicated(dedicate) but really not very talented.
④I'd like to dedicate the song to my wife，who has been working hard for the family.
我想把这首歌献给我的妻子，她为了这个家一直任劳任怨。
representative n．代表
(教材P33) In 2017，representatives from Peking University，Tsinghua University，Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，纪念联大建校80周年。
[例] The negotiation was attended by representatives of several states.
来自几个国家的代表出席了谈判。
[知识拓展]
a representative of ……的代表；代表着……
be representative of 代表着……；是……的代表
represent v. 代表；作为……的代言人；描绘
represent...as... 把……描绘成……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was in no way a representative of dog trainers in general.
②The representative (represent)from New Zealand spoke for the Pacific Islands Forum.
③The mansion is quite representative of Spanish art.
这幢大厦充分代表了西班牙艺术。
sum n．金额，款项
(教材P35) In 1938，the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang's head and a large number of troops surrounded his men.
1938年，日本军队出了一大笔钱买杨靖宇的人头，大批军队包围了他的部队。
[例] I save a nice little sum out of my wages each week.
我每周从工资中节省一笔可观的金额。
[知识拓展]
(1)a large sum of 大量……；一大笔……
(2)sum to 共计
sum up 总结；概括
to sum up 总之
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I had to spend a large sum of money to get the lens back.
②The examples she gave in her essay sum to several dozen.
③The last section sums up all the arguments on either side.
④To sum up，for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
总而言之，为了拥有健康的心脏，你必须经常锻炼并且戒烟。
relevant adj.有关的，切题的
(教材P36) Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic.准备一份关于活动2中某个主题的简短报告，或者想一个另外相关的主题。
[例] Don't interrupt unless you have something relevant to say.
除非你有什么切题的话要说，否则请勿打断人家。
[知识拓展]
be relevant to 与……相关
irrelevant adj. 不相干的，不相关的
relevance n. 相关性；关联性
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was all irrelevant(relevant)，but I didn't want to interrupt him.
②What you are saying has no relevance(relevant) to the matter in hand.
③It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local architecture.
我很荣幸地告诉你一些和当地建筑相关的信息。
Sentence Pattern
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
(教材P33)But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities，not only because of its prominent professors and talented students，but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。
句式分析：句中not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”用作并列连词，相当于“not just...but also...”。
[例] The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
[知识拓展]
(1)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
(2)“not only...but also...”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Not just the students but also their teacher likes (like)playing football.
②Not only can he speak English correctly，but he also speaks it fluently.
③They not only broke into his office but (also)tore up his papers(不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且还撕碎了他的文件)．
④Not only you but (also)he(不仅是你而且还有他) has saved the boys from the fire.
细节推断题
[例文]In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English Literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ． A．his reputation in FranceB．his interest in modern artC．his success in publicationD．his importance in literature[答案] D 细节推断题要求根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。解题关键1．一定要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是进行细节推理的前提和基础。2．根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
[即学即练]
Tonya，Elsa and Mark are students at LaGuardia High School in New York City.It's a school with regular academic (教学的)classes，but it also gives special attention to the performing arts.Tonya likes dancing，Elsa wants to be an artist and Mark is a singer.
The students are all 15，and they're in 10th grade.They study subjects like English，math，social studies，science and PE.They also choose a foreign language: French，Italian，Spanish or Japanese.Students have many academic classes，but during the school day they also take classes in the arts，like theater，art，dance and music.Mark says，“I get the basic classes，but I also take a voice class and a music history class.”
There is even more for LaGuardia students after school.There are more than 40 clubs for students.For example，there's a movie club，a music club and an environment club.“We have so many choices here，”says Tonya.“My favorite club is the camera club.I like taking photos.It's also a great way to meet people with common interests.”
Students at LaGuardia can also do many sports.For example，they can play basketball，tennis，volleyball and soccer.Elsa is on the gymnastics team.She says，“I like being on a team.It makes me work hard and do my best.”Students practice after school.They compete against other high schools.Mark says，“At school，I study by myself.I'm a singer，and I do that alone，too.That's why I like playing on the basketball team.We work together and compete against other teams.”
LaGuardia offers many great classes，clubs and sports for students.Students at LaGuardia get a good education and they also develop their own interests.Many LaGuardia students become dancers，singers and actors!
1．What do we know about LaGuardia High School
A．Students take art classes at night.
B．Students have few subjects to choose from.
C．It places great importance on arts.
D．It aims to develop students' language skills.
C [根据第一段中的“It's a school with regular academic classes，but it also gives special attention to the performing arts.(这是一所有正规教学课程的学校，但它也特别注重表演艺术)”可知，拉瓜迪亚高中非常重视艺术。故C选项正确。]
2．Which club does Tonya like most
A．The camera club. B．The music club.
C．The movie club. D．The environment club.
A [根据第三段中的“‘We have so many choices here，’says Tonya.‘My favorite club is the camera club...’”可知，Tonya最喜欢的是摄影俱乐部。故A选项正确。]
3．Why does Mark enjoy playing on the basketball team
A．It helps him make more friends.
B．It makes him try his best.
C．He hopes to build up his health.
D．He likes teamwork.
D [根据第四段中的“Mark says，‘At school，I study by myself.I'm a singer，and I do that alone，too.That's why I like playing on the basketball team.We work together and compete against other teams.’”可知，Mark喜欢在篮球队里打球是因为他喜欢团队合作。故D选项正确。]
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1Unit 3 War and peace
1．command v．指挥；博得→commander n．指挥官，长官→commanding adj.指挥的；威严的
2．object n．物体v.反对→objective n．目的，目标→objection n．反对
3．horror n．令人惊恐的事→horrible adj.可怕的→horrify v．使惊吓
4．bare adj.光秃的；赤裸的→barely adv.勉强才能
5．liberate v．解放(城市、国家等)→liberation n．解放
6．memory n．记忆→memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的→memorize v．记住
memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的n.纪念碑；纪念物；纪念品
①The statue is a lasting memorial to those who died in the war.
n.纪念物
②The nation built a grand memorial to those who fell in the Napoleonic wars. n.纪念碑
③This is a memorial service in the dead man's honour.
adj.纪念的，追悼的
Words and Phrases
commander n．指挥官，长官
(教材P26) An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read：...
盟军最高指挥官艾森豪威尔将军向部队发出命令：……
[例] The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.
指挥官的命令是部队立即向前线出发。
[知识拓展]
(1)command n． 命令；掌握
v. 命令；掌握；博得
have a good command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)
under the command of 由……控制/掌握
at sb.'s command 听某人支配；某人可自由使用
command that sb./sth.(should) do... 命令某人/某物应做……
command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
(2)commanding adj. 指挥的；威严的；居高临下的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commander(command) thought about abandoning the invasion.
②His father commanded that he (should) stay(stay) at home to study.
③He commanded his troops to attack(attack) the enemy at dawn.
④We work hard at English so as to have a good command of it.
我们努力学英语以便掌握它。
objective n．目的，目标
(教材P27) Their objective was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.
他们的目标很明确：沿着法国大约80公里的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。
[例] My objective this summer is learning to write essays.
我今年夏天的目标是学习写散文。
[知识拓展]
(1)object n． 物体；目标；对象
v. 反对；不赞成
object to sb./sth. 反对/不赞成某人/某事
object to (sb.'s) doing... 反对(某人)做……
(2)objection n. 反对；异议；不赞成
have an objection to/against (doing) ...
对……表示反对
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
① The department needs more money to reach its objective(s)(object)．
②My parents object to my going(go) to college out of our province，because they don't like my being far away from them.
③他强烈反对不懂装懂。
He strongly objected to pretending to understand.
＝He had a strong objection to pretending to understand.
horror n．令人惊恐的事
(教材P27) But even in the depths of war，few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
但即使是在战争最激烈的时候，也很少有人能为他们在那里所经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。
[例] In the public mind，he is always closely associated with horror movies.
在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
[知识拓展]
(1)in horror 惊恐地
to one's horror 令人感到恐惧的是
(2)horrible adj. 可怕的；讨厌的
(3)horrify v. 使惊吓，使惊恐
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①They watched in horror as the dormitory collapsed.
②We were horrified (horror) by what we saw.
③令她感到恐惧的是，她的国家笼罩在核武器的威胁下。
To her horror，her country is shrouded in the threat of nuclear weapons.
＝What horrifies her is that her country is shrouded in the threat of nuclear weapons.
recall v．回想，回忆起
(教材P27) One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：...
一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：……
[例] He recalled her still face and the hurt in her eyes when he had refused her help.
他还记得自己拒绝了她的帮助时，她那张毫无表情的脸和受伤的眼神。
[知识拓展]
recall doing/having done sth. 记得做过某事
recall sb.to... 使某人重新注意到或意识到……
recall that... 回忆起……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I could not recall hearing/having heard (hear) anyone say that before.
② The danger recalled him to a sense of duty.
③ I seem to recall that she said she was going away.
我似乎记得她说过她打算离开。
liberate v. 解放(城市、国家等)
(教材P27) By the end of August 1944，the Allies had reached the River Seine，Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north west France.1944年8月底，盟军到达塞纳河，解放了巴黎，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。
[例] A few days later, our armies liberated the city.
几天以后﹐我军解放了这座城市。
[知识拓展]
(1)liberate sb./sth. 解放或释放某人或某物
liberate...from... 把……从……中解放出来
(2)liberation n. 解放
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They liberated all war prisoners from the concentration camp.
②Before liberation(liberate)he lived on wild potatoes.
③The city was liberated by the advancing army.
那座城市被行进中的军队解放了。
condemn v．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
(教材P27) Age shall not weary them，nor the years condemn.
他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。
[例] He was condemned to a life of hardship.
他不得不过苦日子。
[知识拓展]
condemn sb.for sth. 因某事而谴责某人
condemn sb.to (to为介词)把某人逼入某
状态，使某人注定……
be condemned to do sth. 迫使/注定去做某事
be condemned/sentenced to death 被判处死刑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The whole town condemned the girl for her bad behaviour.
②His injured leg condemns him to a wheelchair，which brings inconvenience to him.
③Mark was condemned to do (do) most of the work due to insufficient people.
④He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.
他因谋杀罪被判处死刑，后来被绞死。
Sentence Pattern
独立主格结构
(教材P26) Code named“Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation．
这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
句式分析：句中the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation为“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
[例] The monitor being ill，we'd better put the meeting off.
班长病了，我们最好还是推迟这次会议吧。
[知识拓展]
独立主格结构形式为：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)
(3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
(4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Time permitting(permit)，we'll go to your house.
②Lots of homework to do(do)，I have to stay at home all day.
③More time given(如果被给予更多的时间)，we should have done the job much better.
④The meeting over(会议结束了)，the teachers went out one by one.
1．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D Day.
分析：句中With these words ringing in their ears为介词with的复合结构，其结构为“with＋n.＋doing...”，作伴随状语，what would become known as D Day为what引导的宾语从句。
译文：这些话在他们的耳畔回响，盟军士兵为后来著名的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。
2．Although each year they are fewer in number，their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France.
分析：句中Although each year they are fewer in number 为Although引导的让步状语从句，that we will always remember them 为that引导的宾语从句，who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。
译文：虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。
教材 高考
1.Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
2.But even in the depths of war，few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. (2019·江苏卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
3.One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out...” (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Monkeys are flown in large numbers because scientists in many countries want to study them.
2．His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out what he is trying to express.
3．Hieroglyphics are a kind of writing made(make) up of pictures.
4．The kids compete on Sunday to be the first to pick(pick) all the green parts off a pack of berries.
5．I can meet up with you later if you can't get off work now.
6．Eager to find(find) a good job，she has been preparing for it.
7．Leonard made a rapid calculation：he'd never make it in time.
8．I would have gone with you but I had to prepare for an exam.
9．It seems that the attack was a random act of violence(violent)．
10．They are fighting for a cause—the liberation (liberate) of their people.
Ⅱ.短语填空
nothing less than，be made up of，have full confidence in，meet up with，make it，prepare for，free...from...，in large numbers
1．As the water boils，the water molecules escape in large numbers．
2．We have full confidence in Asia's prospects for development in the 21st century.
3．You're brave and courageous.You can make it．
4．Before starting，we need to prepare for this in advance.
5．At last，he was able to free himself from being punished.
6．We planned to meet up with them later in Florence.
7．Her performance on the stage was nothing less than a miracle or a big surprise.
8．If you love life，don't waste time，for time is what life is made up of．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
By spring 1944，the Second World War 1.had been raging(rage) across the globe for about five years.The D Day landings were the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history.An order 2.was issued(issue) by Supreme Allied Commander，General Eisenhower.3.At dawn on 6 June，thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding，ready 4.to attack(attack) the Allied soldiers.Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make 5.it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.But，despite the high cost in human life，the D Day landings were 6.a success.Seventy years later，men who had fought on D Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel，7.where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.Although each year they are 8.fewer(few) in number，their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them.
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1Unit 3 War and peace
速读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．By spring 1944，Allied troops gathered along the south coast of England in large numbers.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．At dawn on 6 June，thousands journeyed across the English Channel to Normandy.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Most of the Allied troops were prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The D Day landings were a success because there were few deaths in the battle.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Laurence Binyon was a survivor of the D Day landings.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 AABBB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．issued by Supreme Allied Commander
B．moving in from the east
C．made up mainly of British，Canadian and American soldiers
D．ringing in their ears
E．protected by fighter planes in the skies above them
F．falling all around him
1．Allied troops were gathering in large numbers.
2．An order General Eisenhower to the troops read：“Your task will not be an easy one...”
3．The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany，where they would meet up with the Soviet military ．
4．Meanwhile，thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy， ．
5．With these words ，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D Day.
6．One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs ...
[答案] 1－6 CABEDF
Ⅲ.表格填空
细读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Allied soldiers prepared for D Day.
2．Para.2 B．The fiercest fighting scenes at
Omaha Beach.
3．Para.3 C．Allied troops were gathering in
large numbers，preparing for D Day.
4．Para.4 D．An order was issued by General
Eisenhower among troops.
5．Para.5 E．Survivors of the D Day meet to
remember the fellow soldiers they lost.
6．Para.6 F．Despite the high cost，the D Day
landings were a success.
7．Para.7 G．The 70th anniversary of the D Day
landings.
[答案] 1－7 CDABFGE
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why did the Allied troops gather in large numbers
A．They prepared to start the Second World War.
B．They were waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides.
C．They aimed to free north west Europe from German occupation.
D．They planned to make up a large troop.
2．What can we learn from General Eisenhower's words
A．He was confident in Allied troops.
B．He didn't have confidence in Allied troops.
C．It would be an easy job for the troops.
D．The enemy was easy to fight against.
3．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “objective” in Paragraph 3
A．Dream. B．Aim.
C．Hope. D．Subject.
4．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Many soldiers were lucky enough to survive at Omaha Beach.
B．The fighting at Omaha Beach was a failure.
C．The enemy didn't make good preparations at Omaha Beach.
D．Allied troops suffered a lot of deaths and injuries at Omaha Beach.
5．Why did the Allied troops go to Germany after Paris was liberated
A．They went to meet up with the Soviet military.
B．They went to liberate Germany.
C．They went to fight against the Soviet military.
D．They went to prove that the D Day landings were a success.
[答案] 1－5 CABDA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(三)——描写战斗情景
A．阅读教材课文中描写战斗情景的语句。
1．Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
2．By mid morning，hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.
3．One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him.
4．I was the first one out.
B．判断下列句子是否为描写战斗情景的语句。
1．Allied troops made up mainly of British，Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. (不是)
2．The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit. (是)
3．All the ones in between were hit. (是)
4．Two were killed；three were injured. (是)
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4Unit 3 War and peace
主谓一致(一)
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。
[观察例句]
①The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers...
②Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle hardened...
③My family is a happy one.
④It's my favourite film and my family love watching it，too.
⑤The class were very interested in Mr. Zhang's teaching.
⑥Politics is the study of the ways in which countries are governed.
⑦Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
⑧To be strict with oneself is a good quality of a person.
1．①②③④⑤句中，enemy，family，class等集体名词表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用复数。
2．句⑥中，学科名词politics(政治)等常看作单数概念，谓语动词用单数。
3．句⑦⑧中，动名词或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
[归纳用法]
1．集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的个体成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family，class，team，group，enemy，army，audience, band, club，crowd，staff，committee，company, crew, government, public等。
The family has settled in Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
The committee consists of 10 members.
委员会由十个成员组成。
The committee haven't reached any agreement.
委员们没有达成任何一致意见。
(2)个别集体名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
The police are investigating the case.
警方正在调查这个案件。
The cattle are grazing in the field.
牛群正在牧场吃草。
Many cattle were killed for this.
就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①His family are(be) all important persons.
②People in this country are(be)really happy.
③The police were(be)searching for the criminals yesterday afternoon.
④The audience were(be)clapping for over ten minutes.
2．单数名词作主语，后面紧跟as well as，rather than, but，except，besides，with，along with，together with，like，including，in addition to，combined with等时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others.
不仅学生们乐于助人，老师也乐于助人。
The girl together with some boys has gone to plant trees.
那个女孩和一些男孩一起去植树了 。
3．单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致
单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式，方法，sheep羊，deer鹿，works工厂等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一种办法都已经试过多次了。
All possible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都已经试过很多次了。
This works was built in 1982.
这座工厂是1982年建的。
By far，three steel works have been closed down in this city.
到目前为止，这个城市已经关闭了三座钢铁厂。
4．单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理，mathematics/maths 数学，economics 经济学，politics政治学，gymnastics体操，the United States 美国，the United Nations联合国，A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone) 《红楼梦》，Anderson's Fairy Tales 《安徒生童话集》 等。
As we know，physics is a fundamental subject in science.
我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。
Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.
数学是中学生的一门必修课。
The United States is a developed country.
美国是一个发达国家。
The New York Times is widely read in the world.
《纽约时报》在全世界被广泛阅览。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Each possible means has been tried(try) again and again.
②The girl thinks politics is(be) much more difficult than physics.
③The United Nations reports(report) about half of all people affected or killed by disasters are children.
④Anderson's Fairy Tales is(be) my favourite novel.
5．“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致
由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of，a kind of, a suit of，a piece of 等)修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses，glasses, gloves，jeans，pants，scissors，shoes，shorts，socks，trousers等。
My trousers are white.
我的裤子是白色的。
Why are your shoes so dirty
为什么你的鞋子那么脏？
A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.
一把剪刀放在那个抽屉里。
These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.
这种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。
6．名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致
当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimeters, millimeters，seconds，hours，years等。
Five dollars seems a fair price.
五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。
Two kilometres is not very far for the young man.
对那个年轻人来说，两公里不是很远。
Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job.
对于这么难的工作来说，五个小时是很短的时间。
[即学即练3] 翻译句子
①我上周买的太阳镜看起来很酷。
The sunglasses I bought last week look very cool.
②上星期天公共汽车上留下了一副手套。
A suit of gloves was left on the bus last Sunday.
③他们走的最远的距离是两英里。
Two miles is as far as they can walk.
7．more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致
“more than one/many a...＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数；“more＋复数名词＋than one” 作主语时，谓语用复数。
More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden.
花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。
More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden.
花园里开了许多白玫瑰。
Many a child was playing there.
很多小孩在那儿玩。
8．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致
“分数/百分数＋of＋名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。
Two thirds of the students support the plan.
三分之二的学生支持这项计划。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
地球表面的四分之三是海。
Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.
公司80%的员工来自北京。
[即学即练4] 翻译句子
①不止一个学生考试未及格。(more than)
More than one student has failed the exam.
②许多孩子都喜欢踢足球。(many a)
Many a child likes playing football.
③这所学校70%的教师是女性。(percent)
Seventy percent of the teachers in this school are women.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The audience is(be)so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.
2．Many a parent has(have)had to go through this same painful process.
3．A group of sheep are(be)eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill.
4．People have shown(show) great love to the victims since the disaster happened.
5．Eight hours of sleep is(be) enough.
6．Tom，together with his friends，has(have) gone out to play.
7．A pair of glasses was(be) lost on the playground yesterday afternoon.
8．Twenty dollars for the little poor girl was(be) too much then.
9．This kind of apple tastes(taste) good.Apples of this kind taste(taste) good.
10．The rich are for the plan，while the poor are against it.(be)
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
L＝Lily J＝James
L: Wow, your new house is so beautiful! And all the rooms are decorated in an elegant style.
J: Thank you.You know, it took us nearly five months to complete the decoration of the house.And all the furniture 1.was selected(select) carefully by my parents.
L: That's great.But why did you paint your walls light blue Is it a colour that can make you relaxed
J: I'm not sure, but my family 2.like(like) the colour, so we painted the walls light blue.
L: No wonder.Your brother's clothing 3.is(be) very up to late.What does he do Is he a barber
J: No.As a matter of fact, he is a singer and his audience 4.are(be) mainly young people.Last year, my brother was invited to sing a song at our class's New Year Party, and all my class 5.were impressed(impress) by his performance.
L: Wow, that's cool.I'm looking forward to watching his performance.
PAGE
5Unit 3 War and peace
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.allied A．adj.严肃的，庄重的
( )2.supreme B．adj.最高的
( )3.drown C．v.(使)非常疲倦
( )4.solemn D．v.(使)淹死
( )5.weary E．adj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的
[答案] 1－5 EBDAC
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.nothing less than A．到达
( )2.meet up with B．介于……之间，在中间
( )3.in between C．与……会合
( )4.make it D．大量地
( )5.in large numbers E．简直，全然
[答案] 1－5 ECBAD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．objective n． 目的，目标
2．recall v. 回想，回忆起
3．barely adv. 勉强才能
4．liberate v. 解放(城市、国家等)
5．outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的
6．violence n． 暴力
7．commander n. 指挥官，长官
8．horror n． 令人恐怖的事
9．condemn v． 迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
10．memorial adj. 纪念的，追悼的
Ⅰ.语境填空
solemn；troop；drown；tide；amongst；horror；outstanding；recall
1．Troop movements can be observed from space by a satellite.
2．They looked at him with a mixture of horror，envy，and awe.
3．His behavior was not in keeping with the solemn occasion.
4．The girl who won the scholarship was quite outstanding．
5．They were going to sail around the little island，against the tide．
6．You don't happen to recall his name, do you
7．She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.
8．The changes will mean 7，000 job losses amongst railway workers.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The speech given by the commander(command) put fresh courage into soldiers.
2．A memorial(memory) is a structure built in order to remind people of a famous person or event.
3．Our main objective(object) was the recovery of the child，safe and well.
4．It is anger that is repressed that leads to violence(violent) and loss of control.
5．He did well in mathematics，but barely(bare) scraped through in chemistry.
6．Agriculture plays an important part in serving the people after liberation(liberate) in this country.
7．The pilot was forced to make an emergency landing(land)．
8．I have a horrible(horror) feeling that we're going to miss the plane.
1．Code named“Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation.
这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
2．We will accept nothing less than full Victory!
我们必须取得彻底的胜利！
3．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D Day.
这些话在他们的耳畔回响，盟军士兵为后来著名的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。
4．Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
5．Although each year they are fewer in number，their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France.
虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。
名师圈点
①(be) made up of由……组成
②mark v．标示，标志
③combined adj.联合的
④free...from 使……从……中解放出来；使摆脱
⑤combination n．结合，组合
⑥issue v．宣布，发布
⑦have confidence in对……有信心
⑧nothing less than完全是
⑨prepare for为……做准备
⑩the English Channel 英吉利海峡
objective n．目的，目标
violence n．暴力
make it 获得成功，成功到达
recall v．回想，回忆起
barely adv.勉强才能
success n．成功的事
be seen as被看作
liberate v．解放(城市、国家等)
meet up with与……会合，见面
gather v．聚集
channel n．海峡；频道
memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的
ceremony n.仪式，典礼
occasion n．场合
in number在数量上
outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
courage n．勇气
原文呈现
The D DAY LANDINGS
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.[1] But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of① British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.This marked② one of the final stages of a top secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning.Code named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined③ sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north west Europe from④ German occupation.After waiting for the perfect combination⑤ of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
An order issued⑥ by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read: “Your task will not be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in⑦ your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than⑧ full Victory！”
[1]“by＋表示过去的时间点”作时间状语，句子谓语用过去完成时。
With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for⑨ what would become known as D Day.[2] At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel⑩ to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. Boats were hit and men drowned [3]，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire[4]. By mid morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him[5]: “I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed; three were injured.That's how lucky you had to be.”
[2]With these words ringing in their ears为with复合结构作状语；what引导宾语从句，其在从句中作主语。
[3]本句为并列句的省略，men与drowned之间省略了be动词were。
[4] did make it为强调结构，did放在谓语前，强调谓语。
[5] 句中with bombs falling all around him为with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语为bombs，宾语补足语为falling all around him。
But, despite the high cost in human life, the D Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By the end of August 1944，the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north west France.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
Seventy years later, men who had fought on D Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel , where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies .As part of this solemn and moving occasion , a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon：
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old：
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them.
Survivors of the D Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.Although each year they are fewer in number , their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France.
译文参考
诺曼底登陆
1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年了。但是在英格兰的南部海岸正发生着不寻常的事情：由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。在确保天气、月亮和潮水三者达到最佳结合点后，“霸王行动”最终定在了6月6日。
盟军最高指挥官艾森豪威尔将军向部队发出命令：“你们的任务将不会轻松。敌人训练有素、武器精良，而且久经沙场……但今年是1944年……时局已经发生转变！全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利前进！我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们必须取得彻底的胜利！”
这些话在他们的耳畔回响，盟军士兵为后来著名的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部空降在敌人后方。与此同时，更有数千名士兵在战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡，在诺曼底登陆。他们的目标很明确：沿着法国大约80公里的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。但即使是在战争最激烈的时候，也很少有人能为他们在那里所经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。
奥马哈海滩的情况最不容乐观。敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。上午10点左右已有上百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：“我是第一个冲出来的人，第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的，我俩之间的士兵全被击中了，其中有两人死亡，三人受伤。真的是要有天大的幸运才能躲过这一劫。”
尽管伤亡惨重，诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并且被人们普遍视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，解放了巴黎，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。在庄重感人的仪式上，一位当时参战的老兵向众人朗诵了劳伦斯·比尼恩《谨献给阵亡将士》一诗中的一段：
我们会日渐衰老，但他们永远不会老去：
他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。
每当夕阳西下，每当清晨来临，我们都会想起他们。
诺曼底登陆的幸存者每年都会相聚并纪念他们在登陆那天失去的战友和朋友。虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。
PAGE
1Unit 3 War and peace
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.disarm A．adj.简单的；粗糙的
( )2.intellectual B．adj.智力的，脑力的
( )3.rough C．v.解除武装
( )4.dire D．adj.著名的，杰出的
( )5.prominent E．adj.极其严重的
[答案] 1－5 CBAED
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.on standby A．照亮
( )2.light up B．待命
( )3.hold down C．逃避某人的责任
( )4.at war D．处于交战状态
( )5.shirk one's duty E．控制，固定
[答案] 1－5 BAEDC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．bomb v. 轰炸
2．emerge v. 出现
3．representative n. 代表
4．sum n. 金额，款项
5．relevant adj. 有关的，切题的
6．stability n. 稳固，稳定
7. academic adj. 学术的
8．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
9．uniform n. 制服
10．friction n. 冲突，摩擦
Ⅰ.语境填空
breeze; bomb; glory; academic; friction; intellectual; uniform; anniversary; emerge; sum
1．The students will return in October for the start of the new academic year.
2．The European official thinks it's not a good idea to bomb Iran.
3．The Society is celebrating its tenth anniversary this year.
4．Worse still，dirty circumstances will create opportunities for new diseases to emerge．
5．High levels of lead could damage the intellectual development of children.
6．Walsham had his moment of glory when he won a 20 km race.
7．The strong winds of spring had dropped to a gentle breeze．
8．Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children.
9．Dressed in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
10．If you do it, you will be fined the sum of $200.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Her dedication (dedicate) constantly astonishes me.
2．If two companies are associated(associate)，their business will get better.
3．Philadelphia has been a great representative(represent) of American architecture since the 18th century.
4．In China，since ancient times，watching and enjoying the glorious(glory) full moon on the Mid Autumn Festival has been of great importance.
5．This sort of activity damages the reputation of the collective(collect)．
6．Emergency(emerge) line operators must always stay calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
1．Throughout history，the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like“war”．
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常把他们的学术斗争浪漫地称为“战争”。
2．To save their educational and intellectual heritage，the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University，otherwise known as Lianda.
为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，也被称为联大。
3．Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky，often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.
他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路；他们的屋顶是空旷的天空，经常被日军的炸弹照亮。
4．They had to live in rough buildings，packed 40 to a room，like sardines.
他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40个人像沙丁鱼那样挤在一个房间里。
5．“On windy days，we had to hold down the paper on the desk，which would otherwise be blown away，”he said.
“在刮风天，我们得按住书桌上的纸，要不纸就会被风吹跑。”他说。
名师圈点
①refer to...as... 把……称作……
②purely adv.完全地，纯粹地
③symbolic adj.象征性的
④immense adj.巨大的
⑤aggression n.侵略
⑥occupy v．占领，占据
⑦intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的，知识的
⑧heritage n．遗产
⑨associated adj.联合的
⑩epic adj.史诗般的
condition n．条件，状况
remote adj.偏远的
rough adj.简单的；粗糙的
dire adj.极其严重的
disrupt v．扰乱
due to由于
guard v．保护
fortify v．激励，加强
passion n．激情
emerge v．出现
lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
hold down按压，压住
shirk v．逃避
sense of commitment奉献精神
a great many许多，大量
resist v．抵制，抵抗
invader n．侵略者；侵略军
physically adv.实物地，有形地
prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
perseverance n．毅力，不屈不挠的精神
dedication n．奉献
anniversary n．周年纪念日
collective adj.集体的；共同的
era n．时代，年代
原文呈现
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION,
BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
Throughout history, the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as① being like “war”．However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely② symbolic③.Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense④ challenges．[1]
In 1937, the aggression⑤ of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied⑥ by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.To save their educational and intellectual⑦ heritage⑧， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated⑨ University, otherwise known as Lianda.
[1]本句为主从复合句，as引导原因状语从句。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic⑩ journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres, most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment.Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda．[2] It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.[3]“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
[2]本句为强调句，not only...but (also)...连接并列的谓语。
[3]本句为主从复合句。that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of commitment , a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation．[4]In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication .In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era .
[4]Driven by a sense of commitment为过去分词短语作状语；to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
译文参考
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常把他们的学术斗争浪漫地称为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，也被称为联大。
这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2 000多千米的漫长而艰辛的行程，他们中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路，它们的屋顶是空旷的天空，经常被日军的炸弹照亮。到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40 个人像沙丁鱼那样挤在一个房间里。食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断。因此上课时间往往在上午10点前和下午4点后。
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国最杰出的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风天，我们得按住书桌上的纸，要不纸就会被风吹跑。”他说。
国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献：
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上还下着密雨，还吹着细风；
没有人知道历史曾在此走过；
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，纪念联大建校 80 周年。
尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价的贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
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