Unit 5 Learning from nature
写一篇因违背自然规律而得到教训的短文
此类文章属于夹叙夹议类小短文。写作通常只需包含“谁？干了什么事？结果如何？”等，然后再谈谈从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。需要注意的是：
1．叙事时态多用一般过去时，看法和感受多用一般现在时；人称多以第一和第三人称为主；
2．其次还要注意叙事的衔接性，常见的衔接词如：(just)then，after (that)，when，as soon as等。
[基本框架]
第一部分：叙述事情的起因；
第二部分：叙述事情的经过；
第三部分：感受和教训。
[常用词块]
1．to live a better life为了过更好的生活
2．thank you very much for your concern
非常感谢你的关心
3．have problems with their noses and lungs
他们的鼻子和肺有问题
4．have to take action to protect our environment
必须采取措施来保护我们的环境
5．be nowhere to find无处可寻
6．be to blame for it要为此负责
7．waste plenty of resources浪费大量的资源
8．make the world a pleasant place to live in
让世界成为一个宜居的地方
9．learn a lesson from this failure从这次失败中吸取教训
10．the lesson from my previous mistake以往的错误给我的教训
[常用语句]
1．Once lost，they can never be replaced.
一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。
2．This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.
这对我是个警告，以后要多加小心。
3．Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters.
不适当的人类活动导致了这些灾难。
4．So it is high time that we protected our environment.所以，是时候保护我们的环境了。
5．Only if we stop damaging the environment and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
只有我们停止破坏环境，并尽我们最大的努力保护它，我们才能使世界成为一个宜居的地方。
假如你是李华，你的朋友Mike向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语写一篇短文，向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者，芒芒然归，谓其人曰，“今日病矣！予助苗长矣！”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【学生习作】
The set phrase“ya miao zhu zhang”means“Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”．There is a story behind it.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.He pulled them upward one by one.He came back and said to his family，“I'm exhausted today.I've helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this，his son ran to look and found all had dried up and died.
点评：
1．遗漏要点；
2．缺少必要的衔接手段。
【升格作文】
The set phrase“ya miao zhu zhang”means“Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”．There is a story behind it.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So，he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family，“I'm exhausted today，for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this，his son ran to look and found all had dried up and died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will make things worse.
下面是一幅有关自然现象的图画，根据这幅图画写一篇80词左右的短文，说一说这幅图画表现的自然现象以及你从中领悟到什么样的道理。
【参考范文】
Fallen Leaves Are Destined to Return to Their Roots
The picture above shows when autumn arrives，leaves from trees will fall to the ground.The fallen leaves gather around the tree in order to cultivate the tree's roots, which symbolize one's motherland.
More and more overseas Chinese are returning or have already returned to China.While they have spent a long time abroad，regardless of the life they may have led，they will return to their roots, home.Because they are grateful for their motherland's nourishment and support，they return to contribute to constructing their homeland with the knowledge，experience and wealth gained abroad.
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3Unit 5 Learning from nature
1．Nature，to be commanded，must be obeyed. —Francis Bacon
欲驾驭自然必先顺之。 ——弗兰西斯·培根
2．We won't have a society if we destroy the environment. —Margaret Mead
如果我们毁坏了环境，社会也就不复存在。 ——玛格丽特·米德
3．Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.—Juvenal
自然与智慧永不相悖。 ——尤维纳利斯
4．Little drops of water，little grains of sand，make the mighty ocean and the pleasant land. —Julia Carney
滴滴小水珠，颗颗小沙粒，会形成浩瀚的海洋与宜人的土地。
——茱莉亚·卡尼
5．Nature never deceives us; it is always us who deceive ourselves.
—Rousseau
大自然永远不会欺骗我们，欺骗我们的往往是我们自己。 ——卢梭
Some call me nature.
Others call me “Mother Nature”．
I've been here for over 4.5 billion years.
22，500 times longer than you.
I don't really need people.But people need me.
Yes，your future depends on me.
How you choose to live each day，whether you regard or disregard me，doesn't really matter to me.
One way or the other.Your actions will determine your fate.Not mine.
I am nature.I will go on.I am prepared to evolve.
Are you
What kind of house will you buy in the future Would you like to live in a house where your plants can call your phone to tell you that they need to be watered Or a house that helps you cut your energy bill by turning off the lights when you leave a room
The Smart Home is made entirely of recyclable and renewable materials.The furniture is made from used light bulbs，plastic bottles and other renewable materials，but you can't tell from just looking at them.The kitchen countertops(工作台面)are made of recycled glass.
The entire house is designed to control the use of energy.The roof of the Smart Home has a sustainable vegetable garden，which does little harm to nature.Even the personal computer is green: it uses less power than a 60 watt light bulb.The house can raise and lower the window shades by itself.
[探索发现]
1．What is the text mainly about
A brief introduction of the Smart Home.
2．What is the Smart Home made of
It is made completely of recyclable and renewable materials.
3．What do you think of the Smart Home Explain your reason.
I think it is fantastic because it enables people to live a green lifestyle by making use of advanced technology.
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1Unit 5 Learning from nature
阅读P56－57教材中的材料，选择最佳选项。
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both influential poets of their day.
B．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau both treated nature in the same way.
C．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both fond of seeking harmony in nature in their quiet life.
D．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both enthusiastic about living to serve at court.
2．Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court
A．He was paid only five dou of grain.
B．He was tired of the conflict over life at court.
C．He could live a decent life in the rural area.
D．He was forced to do this by his superior.
3．What's the reason for Thoreau's return to nature
A．He wanted to seek a peaceful life.
B．He wanted to live a decent life.
C．He was forced by the conflict to do so.
D．The life he lived then was too arduous(艰苦的)．
4．What is the feature of Tao's works
A．A depressive court life. B．Frontier style.
C．Jungle scenery. D．Fields and villages.
5．The author wants people to according to the passage.
A．live a life in the countryside
B．attain personal well being and fulfilment
C．live with as much material as we can
D．live a free life
[答案] 1－5 CBADB
Words and Phrases
withdraw v．退出
(教材P57) Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
[例] He talked to us for an hour and then withdrew.
他跟我们谈了一小时的话就走了。
[知识拓展]
(1)withdraw from 从……撤出，撤回
withdraw money from the bank 从银行取款
withdraw one's eyes from 把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw a remark 收回发言
(2)withdrawal n. 收回；取回；撤回；
撤退；撤走；取款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Tell the men to withdraw from their new position.
②He has made several withdrawals(withdrawl)from his bank account.
③ We didn't know how the thief withdrew money from others' accounts.
我们不知道那个小偷是怎样从别人的账号里取走钱的。
resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于；辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
(教材P57) Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air，drink the drink，taste the fruit，and resign yourself to the influences of each.
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。
[例] Wilberforce then resigned from government in 1825 and died in 1833.
威尔伯福斯于1825年从政府辞职，1833年去世。
[知识拓展]
resign one's post/position 辞去职务
resign oneself to (doing)sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign as... 辞去某职务
resign from... 从……辞职
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①His parents were annoyed to hear that he had resigned from the company.
②To look after her sick mother，Mary decided to resign as manager in the company.
③Our teacher encourages us not to resign ourselves(us) to our fate.
④After he had resigned from the factory，he went to a larger city.
→Having resigned from the factory，he went to a larger city.(用现在分词短语作状语)
ease n．舒适，放松，悠闲vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)；缓和
(教材P57) In today's modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well being and fulfilment.
在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。
[例] My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.
现在，我的父母都退休了，过着安闲舒适的生活。
[知识拓展]
(1)take one's ease 使某人放松一下
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
put sb.at ease 使某人感到轻松自在；使某人安心
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地
(2)ease sb.of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He handed her a cup of coffee to put her at ease.
②I don't feel at ease in the strange place.
在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
③Now he can put his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease．
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
evaluate v．评估，评价
(教材P58) A comparative essay compares，contrasts and evaluates two or more topics.
比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
[例] The school has only been open for six months，so it's hard to evaluate its success now.
该学校仅开办了六个月，所以现在还很难估计它的成就。
[知识拓展]
(1)evaluate sb.on/by 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计；评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①We must evaluate her ability on/by her work.
②We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.
→We must make an evaluation of the consequences caused by the fire.
Sentence Pattern
while引导让步状语从句
(教材P56) While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
句式分析：句中while引导让步状语从句，相当于although/though。
[例] While I admit that the problems are difficult，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认这些问题很棘手，但我不同意说它们无法解决。
[知识拓展]
(1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although/though。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。 此时主要用于短语中：after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
②He sat for a while，thinking about what Janice had said to him.
③While there is life(只要有生命)，there is hope.
④While she was listening to the radio(她听着收音机时)，she fell asleep.
段落大意题
[方法技巧]
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
此类试题多在说明文和议论文中所涉及的各类话题如社会文化类、科普知识类等进行考查。
[例文]
...
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化)provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的)systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it，“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
What is the main idea of the paragraph
A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.
B．Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
B [根据“Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.”可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好的了解科学。故选B。]
[即学即练]
A
…
A separate concert，“Songs We Love”，found Bridgewater singing less politically charged (but still exciting)fare like St.James Infirmary，which appears on her most recent album.In words as well as music，this period reveals how seriously Bridgewater takes that responsibility，seeing as how it connects to her own experience in the jazz lineage.But maybe“seriously”isn't the right word when it comes to Dee Dee，whose effervescence(欢腾，活泼)shines through even in a reflective mood.Join her here for a while; she's excellent company，no more or less so now that mastery is officially a part of her resume.
What does the paragraph mainly talk about
A．Bridgewater's music theme.
B．Bridgewater's music experience.
C．Bridgewater's personal characters.
D．Bridgewater's great achievements.
A [段落大意题。根据文中的“singing less politically charged...”可知，她的歌曲政治味不太强烈，故本段主要讲了布里姬沃特的音乐主题。]
B
There is a breakthrough in building aircrafts.Bendable wings covered with overlapping(部分重叠)pieces resembling fish sizes could be used to build swifter，fuel efficient aircraft，a new study finds.
Nowadays，conventional aircrafts typically rely on ailerons(副翼)to help control the way the planes tip as they fly.However，when the Wright brothers flew the first airplane，Flyer 1，over a century ago，they used no ailerons but wires and pulleys that twisted the wood and canvas wings，to control the plane.
Scientists have long sought to develop aircrafts that can alter their wings during flight，just as birds can.However，most previous attempts have failed because they relied on heavy mechanical control structures within the wings.These structures were also complex and unreliable，said Neil Gershenfeld，a physicist and director of the Center for Bits and Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．
The new wing consists of a system of tiny，strong，lightweight modules.The shape of the wing can be changed uniformly along its length using two small motors，which apply a twisting pressure to each wingtip.These wings are covered in“skins”of overlapping strips of flexible material resembling fish sizes.These strips move across each other as the wings alter，providing a smooth outer surface，the researchers explained.
What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The shape of the new wings.
B．The result of the tested wings.
C．The function of the small motors.
D．The working principle of the new wings.
D [段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要讲述了新机翼的工作原理。故选D。]
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1Unit 5 Learning from nature
1．architect n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑学；建筑术；建筑风格；建筑式样
2．superb adj.极好的，出色的→superbly adv.庄重地；华美地；极好地
3．front n．前面；正面；前线 adj.前面的，前部的；正面的→frontier n．知识/物理学等的前沿
frontier n．(知识/物理学等的)前沿，尖端；国界，边界；边远地区
①a remote frontier settlement 边远地区
②the frontier between Austria and Hungary 边界
③advance the frontiers of science 前沿/领域
Words and Phrases
take... for granted 认为……理所当然
(教材P50) In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
[例] He just takes everything his mother does for him for granted.
他只是认为他妈妈为他做的一切都是理所当然的。
[知识拓展]
take it easy(＝take things easy) 轻松；不紧张；从容
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take sth.seriously 重视某事；对某事认真对待
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Believe it or not，I always take your suggestions seriously(serious)．
②—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
—Take it easy.
③He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted．
他观察事物很仔细，从不认为任何事情是理所当然的。
④Take your time；we still have 20 minutes left.
慢慢来，我们还有20分钟。
superb adj.极好的，出色的
(教材P51) Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例。
[例] The car's in superb condition.
这辆车车况极好。
[知识拓展]
(1)look superb 看上去棒极了
a superb performance 一流的演出
a superb dinner 一顿丰盛的晚餐
(2)superbly adv. 庄重地；华美地；极好地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He performed superbly(superb)in the test.
②Cylinder observed that the best hospitals did not just have superb doctors.They were also superbly organised.(superb)
③His medical skill is so superb that he can hardly be filled in for an emergency.
他医术高超，在紧急情况下几乎无人企及。
convert v．使转变；使转换
(教材P51) The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.
这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。
[例] This is part of process of converting iron into steel.
这是把铁转化成钢的步骤的一部分。
[知识拓展]
(1)convert sth.to/into sth. 把某物转变为某物
convert to/into sth. 转变成某物
(2)conversion n. 转变，转化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't see how this plastic sheet converts into a table.
②The conversion(convert) of the old classroom into a new library has greatly improved the school.
③ A poet is one who can convert ordinary words into a meaningful and effective piece of writing.
诗人是能够用普通的文字写出寓意深刻、感人至深的作品的人。
respond to 回应……；对……作出反应
(教材P51) The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy，but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
[例] With the help of his teammate，the operator responded immediately to the accident.
在队友的帮助下，操作员对事故立刻做出了回应。
[知识拓展]
(1)respond that... 回答说……
(2)response n. 回答；响应；反应
in response to 响应；反应(通常作状语)
make (no)response to 对……(没)作出反应/回答
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①His illness did not respond to treatment by drugs.
②The product was developed in response(respond)to customers' demand.
③她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。
She responded to my letter with a phone call.
＝ She made a response to my letter with a phone call.
Sentence Patterns
so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P50) In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[例] At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.
在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
[知识拓展]
(1)so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句，口语中that可以省略。常见搭配如下：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...
(2)such...that...如此……以至于……，such修饰的是名词。常见搭配如下：
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词＋that...
such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that...
(3)so that意为“因此，结果”，引导结果状语从句。so that还可表示“以便，目的是”，引导目的状语从句。
[即学即练] 句型转换/完成句子
①It was so fine a day that we went out for a walk.
→It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.
②They asked so many questions that (如此多的问题以至于)they confused me.
③He made such rapid progress that (取得如此快速的进步以至于)his teacher praised him.
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材P50) Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
句式分析：句中make natural organisms part of a building为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为part of a building。
[例] We're all delighted to make Li Yang monitor of our class.
选李阳作为我们班的班长大家都很高兴。
[知识拓展]
(1)“make ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当；该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补；职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。
(2)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth.
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。
[即学即练] 一句多译/完成句子
①精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语)
＝Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively.(从句作宾语)
②The news that Steve Jobs，the former CEO of Apple died made us very shocked(使我们非常震惊)．
③To make herself understood(为了使别人理解她)，she tried her best，but in vain.
1．In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
分析：句中so used to them that...为so...that...引导的结果状语从句，其中介词without后是动名词短语作宾语，how much inspiration they have given us 为how引导的宾语从句。
译文：事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2．To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
分析：句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中不定式短语To meet the needs of today为主语，while protecting the world of tomorrow为时间状语，第二个分句中how to achieve this为宾语。
译文：保护明天的世界，同时满足当下的需求，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。
教材 高考
1.In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. (2019·江苏卷)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
2.When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. (2019·江苏卷)In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.
3.Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (2019·天津卷)What makes the populations of different species the way they are？
4.Architecture Frontier (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Space: The Final Homework Frontier
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You should make your views known(know)．
2．Even if invited(invite)，I won't go to the party.
3．His friends responded positively to what he requested with offers of help.
4．He explained the grammar so clearly that even I could understand it.
5．I find it necessary that we have a word with them.
6．She's always mimicking(mimic) the teachers.
7．Water is converted(convert) into steam if it is boiled.
8．This severe illness has done serious damage to his health.
9．This is a miracle，and we take it for granted.
10．They were made by the police to stand(stand) against the wall.
Ⅱ.短语填空
meet the needs of；be absorbed in；in a similar way；be inspired to；take it for granted；appear to；in harmony with；be absorbed by；in fact；be presented in
1．The children were so absorbed in their game that they even did not feel hungry.
2．In fact，we already have the technology to do so.
3．We take it for granted that we see the world as it actually is，but in fact，we do not.
4．But the water available here cannot meet the needs of all.
5．This question will be presented in the next section.
6．There appear to be plenty of others like him.
7．Whereas if you have a nice，and tidy workspace，you'll be inspired to get work done.
8．His tastes were in harmony with hers，which brought them into harmony.
9．Psychologists at the school discovered that four of the children struggled with language in a similar way．
10．More carbon dioxide is going into the air，and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
There is much 1.inspiration(inspire) from nature in our daily lives，and nature has also inspired many of the most 2.fascinating(fascinate)designs around us.3.Shaped(shape)to resemble a lotus flower，the ArtScience Museum seems to float above the waterfront promenade and the water 4.that surrounds it.It collects rainwater through the roof and channels it 35 meters down to a waterfall through its own plumbing system.5.Based(base) on the form and process of termite mounds，Harare's Eastgate Centre also has little holes on the walls 6.allowing(allow)air to move freely in and out，thus 7.reducing(reduce)the need for traditional air conditioning and 8.heating(heat)system.In this way，it uses less energy and costs less to run.The Algae House is covered in panels 9.containing(contain)algae.While the panels provide shade，the panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy，the algae can also be used to produce fuel.The building reduces damage to the environment by 10.generating(generate)its own renewable energy.
PAGE
1Unit 5 Learning from nature
速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．We have fully realised how much inspiration trees，plants and flowers have given us.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Now，architects create many of the most fascinating designs by mimicking the way nature works.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Singapore's ArtScience Museum looks like a lotus flower.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Harare's Eastgate Centre was designed by Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Buildings like the Algae House will be built in China soon.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BAAAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment
B．to find themselves in an urban building
C．to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms
D．To meet the needs of today
E．to move freely in and out of the mounds
F．To use biomimicry
1．Today，architects continue ，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
2．The building was designed in which it sits.
3．Visitors are often amazed that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
4． is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
5．The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air ．
6． while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
[答案] 1－6 CABFED
Ⅲ.表格填空
Introduction There is much 1.inspiration from nature in our daily lives，and nature has also inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us，including those in architecture.
Examples ArtScience Museum，Singapore The building 2.was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.3.Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then 4.recycled through the building's plumbing system.
The Eastgate Centre，HarareHarare's Eastgate Centre is 5.a superb example of biomimicry.Based on the form and process of termite mounds，Harare's Eastgate Centre also has holes on the walls allowing air to move freely in and out of the building，thus 6.reducing the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
Examples The Algae House，HamburgThe Algae House is covered in panels containing algae. While the panels provide 7.shade，they also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that 8.powers the building．The algae can also be used to produce fuel.The building reduces 9.damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Conclusion Creating buildings such as these 10.enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Designs inspired by nature.
2．Para.2 B．ArtScience Museum of Singapore.
3．Para.3 C．Inspiration given by nature.
4．Para.4 D．The Algae House of Hamburg.
5．Para.5 E．Creating more buildings like these.
6．Para.6 F．The Eastgate Center of Harare.
[答案] 1－6 CABFDE
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．How many buildings are mentioned to show nature is presented in designs
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
2．Which of the following is not true about ArtScience Museum
A．It captures the beauty of natural forms.
B．It looks like a lotus flower under water.
C．It shows the connection between nature and the modern city environment.
D．It forms a waterfall in the center of the space.
3．Why does the Eastgate Centre have a skin covered in holes
A．To build a nature nest.
B．To show the connection between nature and environment.
C．To draw warm air into the building.
D．To allow air to move freely and use less energy.
4．Which of the following is not true about Algae
A．It can provide shade.
B．It can produce fuel.
C．It can absorb carbon dioxide.
D．It can produce nutrients.
5．In which magazine would you most likely find the passage
A．Extraordinary Architects.
B．Living on Earth.
C．Architecture Frontier.
D．Nature World.
[答案] 1－5 CBDDC
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——标出段落主题句的关键词
阅读教材课文中各个段落的主题句，并标出关键词。
1．Paragraph 1：In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
2．Paragraph 2：Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us，including those in architecture．
3．Paragraph 3：The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.
4．Paragraph 4：Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry．
5．Paragraph 5：The world's first algae powered building is in Hamburg，Germany.
6．Paragraph 6：Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment．
PAGE
4Unit 5 Learning from nature
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
[观察例句]
①To work means to earn a living.
②Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.
③It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.
④It is fun talking with a foreign teacher.
⑤They began to search the room for the thief.
⑥Your car needs repairing badly.
⑦His hobby is collecting stamps.
⑧What I would suggest is to start work at once.
1．以上例句中①②③④为非谓语动词作主语；⑤⑥为非谓语动词作宾语；⑦⑧为非谓语动词作表语。
2．例句③④中非谓语动词作主语，都可用it作形式主语。
3．例句⑥中主动形式表示被动含义。
4．例句⑦中动名词作表语表示多次的、经常性的行为，而例句⑧中动词不定式作表语表示一次性行为。
[归纳用法]
一、非谓语动词概述
动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语，但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。非谓语形式有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式
动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing ——
动名词 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 done —— ——
[名师点津] 非谓语的否定形式，是在非谓语的前面加not，如not to do, not doing, not to be done, not having done。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；动词不定式作主语尤指一次性动作。
To wash the curtains is your task today.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火会很危险。
(2)动名词和动词不定式作主语，都可用it作形式主语， 经常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was no use/good/worth doing sth.
②It＋be＋名词＋to do sth.
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...＋ for sb. to do sth.
④It＋be＋careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...＋of sb. to do sth.
It is important for us to keep the water clean.
保持水质清洁对我们来说很重要。
It is kind of you to take me to the station.
承蒙送到车站，您真是太好了。
2．非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语中的动词不定式和动名词在句子中可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作；动名词作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下。两者可以通用，使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
(1)下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语：decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help。为了方便记忆，我们总结了以下口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
(2)下列动词或词组后一般用动名词：consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allow, permit, escape。总结口诀如下：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
此外，be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, give up, feel like, insist on, have difficulty (in), spend time(in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。
(3)下列动词或词组既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
forget
remember
regret
try
mean
(4)动词allow，permit，forbid，advise等后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Sorry, we don't allow making noises in the reading room.
对不起，在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We don't allow students to make noises in the reading room.
我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
(5)need，want，require作“需要”讲，deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。be worth后也用动名词的主动形式(doing)表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
这扇窗户需要擦一下。
(6)think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it our duty to obey the laws.
我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
3．非谓语动词作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等，从时间概念上说含有将来的意义。
Her ambition is to be a cinema actress.
她的目标是当一名电影演员。
The most important purpose of first aid is to save one's life.
急救最重要的目的是挽救生命。
[名师点津] 当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，不具有未来的含义。
The secret of a happy life is to accept change gracefully.
幸福生活的秘密是优雅地接受变化。
(2)主语部分含有行为动词do时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
What he wanted to do was (to) become a skillful worker.
他想要做的就是成为一名技术熟练的工人。
(3)动名词作表语时，句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句，多指抽象的、概念性的动作，也可以是多次的、经常性的行为。
Her first delight was going to the Tower of London.
她最高兴的事是去伦敦塔。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
[名师点津] 动名词和动词不定式作表语的区别：
动名词和动词不定式作表语时通常可互换，但当非谓语形式所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语；若非谓语形式所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用动名词作表语。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I found it difficult to see him here.
我发现在这里见到他是很难的。
②It is worth making an appointment before you go.
去之前预约一下是值得的。
③The driver failed to see the other car in time．
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
④It is easy to learn it well.
学好它很容易。
⑤The car needs/requires/wants to be repaired/repairing．
这辆汽车需要修理。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was a young boy，I loved climbing(climb)trees.
2．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected(connect)．
3．Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
4．They cheered for regaining(regain) the tenth at last all together.
5．There is no easy way to success in language learning.A good memory is a great help，but it is not enough only to memorize(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
6．But some students didn't want to wear(wear) the uniform.
7．Even if a grade is not given，the student is responsible for learning(learn) the material assigned.
8．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.
9．His ambition is to go(go) to Harvard University.
10．We got a little sunburned/sunburnt(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
A fairy was flitting softly through the blue sky when she saw a King and a Queen weeping in a garden.
“1.Seeing (see) is believing，” the fairy said to herself.“A King and a Queen could be sad sometimes.” The Queen gently fingered a baby hat with a sigh.“2.It would be so nice to have a child.”
“Indeed.What a joy it would be 3.to take (take) care of a child of our own! Is it a good idea 4.to try(try) some magic grasses and flowers？” said the King.
Without a word, she looked up at him longingly.
The fairy decided 5.to do (do) the couple a great favour.
Soon the Kingdom had a lovely princess.The King invited seven fairies 6.to be (be) present at the great event.Each of the seven fairies had a gift for the child.But just after the sixth fairy had given the princess her gift, the gate suddenly opened wide.
7．Standing (stand) in the middle of the hall was a witch in black.“The King had invited all the fairies but I did not hear from him，” she said coldly to the Queen, speaking as though she were an equal.The King found 8.it hard to put up with that.
“How would it be 9.to learn(learn) I did not invite you？”
“I don't care，” she turned to the Queen with a smile.“But now that I am here.I don't know what 10.to wear (wear) and how to behave.I don't know whether to laugh or cry at this special moment.”
PAGE
6Unit 5 Learning from nature
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.lotus A．n.白蚁
( )2.termite B．n.土堆，土丘
( )3.mound C．n.莲花，荷花
( )4.algae D．n.瓦片
( )5.tile E．n.藻类(植物)
[答案] 1－5 CABED
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.take...for granted A．……的例子
( )2.an example of B．认为……理所当然
( )3.convert...into C．对……作出回应
( )4.respond to D．把……转变为……
( )5.feed...with... E．给……供应/供给……
[答案] 1－5 BADCE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．architect n． 建筑师
2．mimic v. 模仿
3．superb adj. 极好的，出色的
4．convert v. 使转变；使转换
5．frontier n. 知识/物理学等的前沿
6．dioxide n. 二氧化物
7．biomimicry n. 仿生学
8．plumbing n. 管道系统
9．promenade n. 滨海步行道
10．waterfront n. 滨水地区
Ⅰ.语境填空
mimic; termite; convert; algae; waterfront; dioxide; architect; plumbing; frontier; superb
1．The first was too worm like，looking like a queen termite．
2．Leaves of many plants take in carbon dioxide and fix it in organic acids.
3．The wiring and the plumbing were good but everything else had to be cleaned up.
4．There's a new frontier in technology：digital entertainment and communication.
5．They come out only at night to feed on sponges and algae．
6．The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home.
7．His performance was absolutely superb．
8．He is the architect who planned the new shopping centre.
9．The robot was programmed to mimic a series of human movements.
10．They went for a walk along the waterfront．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．He studied classical architecture(architect)and design in Rome.
2．He just wants to do his job，and to do it superbly(superb) well.
3．Space is the final frontier(front)for us to explore.
1．In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2．From Barcelona's forest like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube，nature is presented in various architectural designs.
从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。
3．Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.
它的屋顶可收集雨水，并让其垂直流到空当中心，形成35米高的瀑布。
4．The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
5．Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。
名师圈点
①be used to习惯于
②take ...for granted认为……理所当然
③inspiration n．灵感
④pine cone松果，松球
⑤architect n．建筑师
⑥mimic v．模仿
⑦organism n．生物体
⑧shape v．使成为……的形状
⑨lotus n．莲花，荷花
⑩float v．漂浮
waterfront n．滨水地区
promenade n．滨海步行道
channel v．引导
plumbing n．管道系统
an example of……的例子
biomimicry n．仿生学
construct v．建造，修建
mound n．土堆，土丘
absorb v．吸收
warm v．(使)温暖
nutrient n．营养素；营养物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
shade n．阴凉处
convert ...into把……转变为……
power v．给……提供能量
respond to 对……作出回应
generate v．产生；发电
enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
in harmony with与……协调一致；与……和谐相处
challenge n．挑战
原文呈现
Nature in Architecture
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to① them that we may even take them for granted② without realising how much inspiration③ they have given us.[1]When we look at a pine cone④， we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
[1] 本句为主从复合句。so ...that ...引导结果状语从句；they have given us为定语从句，先行词为inspiration。
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.From Barcelona's forest like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs.Today, architects⑤ continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic⑥ the way nature works or even to make natural organisms⑦ part of a building.
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.Shaped⑧ to resemble a lotus⑨ flower, it appears to float⑩ above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.[2] The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
[2] 本句中while引导时间状语从句，其后省略了he was；从句中含有由in which引导的定语从句。
The Algae House, Hamburg
The world's first algae powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade .The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.And that's not all － the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.[3]To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge , but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
[3] 本句中Creating buildings such as these为动名词短语作主语。
译文参考
建筑中的自然元素
我们身边都有花、草、树木，并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果，我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片；看到一朵绽开的花，我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
我们身边许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计，它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
新加坡艺术科学博物馆
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊上，四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水，并让其垂直流到空当中心，形成35米高的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用，当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
哈拉雷东门大厦
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例，利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘，以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法，大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天，暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部，在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
汉堡藻屋
世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料，促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候，它们长得更快，可以遮阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界，同时满足当下的需求，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。
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1Unit 5 Learning from nature
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.deliberately A．adj.不情愿的；勉强的
( )2.reluctant B．adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
( )3.depart C．prep.在……顶上
( )4.atop D．n.满足(感)
( )5.fulfilment E．v.离开
[答案] 1－5 BAECD
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.seek solutions to A．不拘束，放松
( )2.resign oneself to B．听任，只好接受
( )3.at ease with C．寻求解决方法
( )4.reaction to D．脱离……
( )5.withdraw from E．对……的反应
[答案] 1－5 CBAED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．sow v. 播(种)
2．employ v. 使用，运用
3．bow v. 鞠躬
4．withdraw v. 退出
5．depressive adj. 抑郁的
6．resign v. 使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
7．reject v. 冷落，嫌弃，厌弃
8．ease n. 舒适，悠闲
9．attain v. 得到，获得
10．evaluate v. 评估，评价
Ⅰ.语境填空
reluctant; physician; domestic; resign; decent; withdraw; purity; botanical; attain; reject
1．Please consult with your physician before beginning this or any other exercise program.
2．There isn't even a decent table in this room.
3．The color white represents purity and innocence.Red stands for bravery.
4．I am not very familiar with botanical names.
5．After a fierce battle，the enemy was forced to withdraw．
6．There are lots of rejected clothes in the back room.
7．He has resigned and will hand over charge of his office today.
8．She was reluctant to admit she was wrong.
9．It's reported that women are still the main victims of domestic violence.
10．Some achievements can take a lifetime to attain，while others can be completed in a day.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．How long has she been in your employment(employ)
2．They finally agreed to our terms with a certain reluctance(reluctant)．
3．She suffered from severe depression(depressive) after losing her job.
4．As my departure(depart) gets closer，I'm tired，and I look forward to going home.
5．A bridge between ancient wisdom(wise)and modern insight is now being built.
6．This standard is easily attainable(attain)by most students.
7．What do you think of the latest evaluation(evaluate)of the health care system
8．A rejection(reject)letter is a letter in which you are told that you have not been accepted for a job.
1．Superficially，these two men，whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years，were polar opposites.
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2．And yet they shared an intense respect for nature，which made them each an influential figure of their time.
然而，他们都对大自然怀有强烈的敬意，这使他们成为各自时代的有影响力的人物。
3．In 405，he quit the service of the court for good，expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not“bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”．
公元405年，他永远地退出了官场，在现在仍然著名的不愿为“五斗米折腰”那句话中表达了他的不满。
4．In today's modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well being and fulfilment.
在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。
名师圈点
①superficially adv.表面(上)地
②polar adj.完全相反的，截然对立的
③intense adj.很大的，强烈的
④figure n．人物
⑤time n．时期，时代
⑥transformation n．转变，改观
⑦official n．官员
⑧conflicted adj.因心理冲突而不知所措的
⑨court n．王宫，宫廷
⑩quit v．离开，离任
bow v．鞠躬
in return for 作为(对……的)回报，回应
rural adj.农村的，乡村的
succeed in doing sth.成功地做了某事
reaction to 对……的反应
be opposed to反对
decent adj.可接受的，相当好的
cottage n．乡村小屋
deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
withdraw v．退出
domestic adj.驯养的；家养的
depressive adj.抑郁的
emphasis v．强调
purity n．纯洁；纯净
devote oneself to献身于
phenomenon n．现象[pl.]phenomena
journal n．刊物，杂志；日记
convince v．说服；使相信
prosper v．繁荣，兴旺
considerable adj.相当多的，相当大的
reject v．冷落，嫌弃，厌弃
reflective adj.沉思的，深思的
at ease with 不拘束，放松
ease n．舒适，悠闲
well being n．健康，安乐
原文呈现
Back to Nature
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.Superficially①， these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years, were polar② opposites.And yet they shared an intense③ respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure④ of their time⑤.
Both men made dramatic transformations⑥ to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.As an official⑦ in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted⑧ over life at court⑨.In 405, he quit⑩ the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”．He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area.From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.[1]
[1] 本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；在宾语从句中含有although引导的让步状语从句。
While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to ， Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.[2]He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way.For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing[3] .He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately ， to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives[4] .
[2] while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比。he was opposed to是定语从句，先行词为lifestyle。he lived为定语从句，the way是先行词，其后省略了that/in which。
[3]和[4]均为现在分词短语作状语。
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value.[5] Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural，and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about[6] is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life：
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village,
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane,
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
[5] although“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
[6] he wrote about为定语从句，其前省略了关系代词that/which。
Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena [7], he recorded his detailed findings in his journals .Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper , as we do[8]．We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts, as he describes in his journals[9]：
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines.
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did.[10] Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.In today's modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well being and fulfilment.
[7] Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena为现在分词短语作状语。
[8]as引导方式状语从句。
[9]as引导非限制性定语从句。
[10] It takes ...to do sth.做某事需要……
译文参考
回归大自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19 世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都对大自然怀有强烈的敬意，这使他们成为各自时代的有影响力的人物。
为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，他永远地退出了官场，在现在仍然著名的不愿为“五斗米折腰”那句话中表达了他的不满。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。
狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样：
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物 转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。
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