(共18张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning about Language
The scientist from whom the whole nation benefited a
lot never lost heart when he was in trouble. 让全国人民受益很
大的那位科学家在处于困境时从不灰心。
lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
典例
Never lose heart when you fail.失败时别灰心。
拓展
lose one's heart to sb./sth.爱上/钟情于某人/物
break one's heart 使人难过/伤心
put one's heart into 把全部心思放在……
learn...by heart 背诵；牢记
from the bottom of one's heart 从某人的内心深处
运用
完成句子
①Don't ___________________ ( 灰心) ．I believe you'll
succeed one day if you insist on it.
②She _________________________ ( 爱上 ) him at the
first sight.
③I thank her ____________________________________
(从我的内心深处)．
lose heart
lost her heart to
from the bottom of my heart
定语从句 (Ⅱ)
由关系副词 where, when, why, 介词＋
which/whom 引导的定语从句
关系副词 where, when, why 和关系代词一样放在先行词的
后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当地点、时间和原
因状语。
1．where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：
This is the university where Grandpa studied 30 years ago.这
是爷爷 30 年前就读过的大学。
注意：关系副词 where 引导的定语从句有时先行词不是具
体的地点名词 ， 而是抽象名词 position, stage, situation, case,
occasion 等。如：
He got into a situation where it was hard to decide what was
right and wrong.
他陷入了一种难以分辨是非的局面。
2．when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：
Can you still remember that evening when we met for the
first time？你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？
Do you know the date when the People's Republic of China
was founded？你知道中华人民共和国成立的日子吗？
3．why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如：
The reason why he refused the job was that he thought the
salary was too low.
他拒绝那份工作的原因是他觉得工资太低了。
I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father.
我不知道他没有把这件事告诉他父亲的原因。
4．由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词＋名词”，即
“when ＝ on/in/during...(time); where ＝ in/at/on...(place); why ＝
for...(reason)”，因此关系副词可换为“介词＋which”引导定语
从句。如：
That is the day when/on which he did the experiments. 这就
是他做实验的那一天。
This is the house where/in which my father used to live.这就
是我父亲以前住过的房子。
That is the reason why/for which he is leaving very soon. 那
就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。
注意：在“介词＋which”结构中，介词的选择取决于
which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中
动词短语与介词的搭配关系。如：
This is the farm where/on which I worked three years
ago.(搭配：on a farm)这就是我三年前工作过的农场。
He can't forget that moment when/at which he saw his
long-lost child.(搭配：at that moment)
他永远忘不了他见到失散很久的孩子的那一瞬间。
Last week he went to a pop star's performance, for which he
paid 100 yuan.(搭配：pay money for sth.)
上周他去听了一个明星的演唱会，为此他花了 100 元。
5．当表示人的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以用
whom 也可以用 who 和 that，且可以省略；但当动词短语的介
词提前时，就一定要用 whom，且不能省略。如：
He's the singer (whom/who/that) we like.
他是我们喜欢的歌手。
He's the man to whom she talked yesterday.
他是她昨天与之交谈的人。
6．when, where 引导的定语从句和 when, where 引导的状
语从句的区别
when, where 可以同时引导定语从句和状语从句，都在从
句中作状语。但在引导定语从句时，前面必须分别有先行词，
此时 when, where 可相应地改为“介词＋which”结构；而在引
导状语从句时，从句前没有表示时间或地点的名词，此时不可
将 when, where 改为“介词＋which”结构。如：
She
would
like
to
live
in
a
country
where/in which it never snows.(画线部分为定语从句，修饰先
行词 a country, where 在从句中作状语)
她想住在一个不下雪的国家。
She would like to live where it never snows.(画线部分为状
语从句，修饰谓语 would like to live，where 在从句中作状语)
她想住在一个不下雪的地方。
一、用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”将下列每对句子连成
一个复合句
1．This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.
→This is the hall ___________________________________
________________________________________________.
2.The man is our English teacher.You spoke to the man just
now.
→The man ________________________________________
________________________is our English teacher.
where/in which we listened to the report
the other day
to whom you spoke just now/(that/who/whom)
you spoke to just now
3.The house is very large.We live in it.
→The house _______________________________________
_____________is very large.
4.We met a woman in the park.The woman is from America.
→The woman ______________________________________
is from America.
5.Shaolin Temple welcomes visitors both at home and
abroad.It lies in the west of Zhengzhou.
→Shaolin
Temple
________________________________
welcomes visitors both at home and abroad.
where we live/in which we live/(which/that) we
live in
(that/who/whom) we met in the park
which/that lies in the west of Zhengzhou
why/for which he was late for
school again
(which/that) he explained
for his coming late
where/in
which he is likely to lose control of the plane
9 ． We never forget those days.We worked together in those
days.
→We never forget those days _________________________
________________________________.
10．He is the old man.My brother has worked with him for 10
years.
→He is the old man ________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
when/in which we worked
together
with whom my brother has worked for
10 years/(that/who/whom) my brother has worked with for 10 years
二、用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”填空
1.This is the train ___________ they often go to Shanghai.
2.He worked in a factory ___________ produced computer
parts for some key companies.
3．He was educated at a famous university, ______________
he went abroad and settled there.
4.You may call me from one to six o'clock, ___________ I
am always at home.
5.Who is the boy in blue over there ______________ you
talked to just now
on which
which/that
after which
during which
(that/who/whom)
6 ． After graduation she reached a point in her career
____________________ she needed to decide what to do.
7．Great changes have taken place in that school since 2 years
ago, ______________ it was poorly equipped.
8.The schools themselves admit that not all students will be
successful in their jobs ___________ they are trained.
9．This is the pilot ______________ I bought a camera.
10．The reason _________________ he was absent is not very
convincing.
where/at which
when
for which
from whom
for which/why(共14张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using Language
It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座没
有人能逃得出去的监狱。
1．escape
点拨
(1)vi.逃脱；逃走
She managed to escape from the burning car.
她设法从着火的汽车里逃了出来。
(2)vi.泄漏
Put the lid on to prevent gas escaping.
盖上盖子，以免煤气泄漏了。
(3)vt.逃避；避开
She was lucky to escape punishment.
她逃脱惩罚真是幸运。
拓展
escape sth./doing sth.避免/逃脱(做)某事
escape from 从……逃出
运用
完成句子
① He ________________ ( 从……逃出 ) the prison this
morning.
②They _____________________________________(避免了
受伤) when the house collapsed.
escaped from
scaped injury/escaped being injured
I did not work again for twenty years until Mr
Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.在曼德拉和非国
大 1994 年掌权之前，我有 20 年没有工作。
2．come to power 当权；上台
典例
They didn't want him to come to power.
他们不想让他掌权。
拓展
in power 当权；执政
lose power 失去权力
beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及的
take power 取得政权
运用
完成句子
①How long has he been ________________ (当权)
②The general tried to ____________________ ( 取得政权),
but he failed at last.
③When did the wise man ________________________ ( 执
政)
in power
take power
come to power
They said that the job and the pay from the new South
African government were my reward after working all my life
for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说，从南非新政府得到的这
份工作和薪水，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到
的回报。
3．reward
点拨
(1)n.报酬；奖金
He worked hard in hope of getting a financial reward. 他努力
工作，希望得到经济报酬。
(2)vt.酬劳；奖赏
How can I reward your help
我怎样才能报答你的帮助呢？
拓展
as a reward for...作为对……的报酬
give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事给某人报酬
reward sb.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而酬谢某人
reward sb.with sth.用某物酬谢某人
辨析
reward/award
(1)reward 通常指用酬金、赏金或一些物质奖励进行报答、
酬谢。
(2)award 通常指授予、颁发一些奖项、奖品。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
①Tom received a medal as a __________ for his bravery.
②You will be __________ for your excellent work.
③Nelson Mandela was __________ the Nobel Peace Prize.
reward
rewarded
awarded
set up law office to help poor black people in
Johannesburg...在约翰内斯堡设立法律办公室来帮助穷苦的黑
人……
4．set up
点拨
(1)设立；建立
They have set up a school for the blind.
他们建立了一所盲人学校。
(2)安排；策划
I've set up a meeting for Friday.
我已安排好在星期五开会。
(3)装配；安装
She set up the stereo in her bedroom.
她把立体音响装在了卧室里。
辨析
set up/put up/build/found
(1)set up 侧重于设施、机构、团体、组织等的成立，强调
建成的对象的内部设施基本齐全。
(2)put up 多用于指搭建临时性的房屋、帐篷等。
(3)build 侧重于建造建筑、楼房、桥梁、道路等。
(4)found 表示“建立；成立；创立”，着重指打下基础；
多指“国家或组织的成立”，与 set up 意义接近。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词或短语的适当形式填空
①The government ________________ a new bridge over the
river.
②He ________________ a business office in Xi'an.
③We first ________________ our tents and then we began to
eat.
④The People's Republic of China __________________
on October 1st, 1949.
built
set up
put up
was founded
sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging
violence against anti-black laws 因支持暴力反抗反黑人的法律
而被判入狱做五年苦力
5．sentence vt.判决；宣判
典例
The judge sentenced the murderer to death.
法官判谋杀者死刑。
拓展
be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
sentence sb.to sth.判处某人……(徒刑)
运用
完成句子
He ________________________ (被判处
was sentenced to death
死刑) at last.
本课时词汇 拓展词汇 构词法小结
educate vt.教
育；训练 educated adj.受过
教育的；有教养的
education n．教育 1.________和________为名词后
缀，表示“性质，状态”。如：
construction 建设， honesty 诚实。
2．________为形容词后缀，表示
“具有……特征的”。如：injured
受伤的。
3．前缀________表示“反抗；相
反”。如：antisocial 反社会的，
anti-cancer 抗癌。
cruelty n．残
忍；残酷 cruel adj.残忍的；
残酷的
anti-black
adj.反黑人的 black adj.黑色的；
黑人的
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1 ． The man who is well ___________ emphasizes that
_________________ is of great importance.(educate)
2．He saw a lot of ______________ in the prison camp where
the guards were ________ to the prisoners.(cruelty)
3 ． Nelson Mandela organized the ________ people fighting
for their rights and attacking the ______________ laws.(anti-black)
educated
education
cruelty
cruel
black
anti black(共44张PPT)
Unit 5
Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
Section Ⅰ
Warming Up & Reading
一、在空格处填上适当的词概括课文
The passage tells about the (1)__________ of Nelson Mandela
through Elias' story.Elias, a poor black worker, met Nelson
Mandela when his life was in a very (2)__________ time.With the
help of Mr.Mandela, he got (3)____________ days.Then he
(4)____________
the ANC Youth League and helped fight for the
(5)____________ rights.
life
difficult
hopeful
joined
equal
二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1 ．It can be inferred from the text that Elias began school in
the year of ________.
D
A．1940
B．1942
C．1952
D．1946
2．Why did Elias not have a passbook to live in Johannesburg
_________.
D
A．Because he was born in a poor family.
B．Because he studied little at that time.
C．Because he was a black worker.
D．Because he was not born in Johannesburg.
3．What does the word “It” mean in the sentence “It was very
dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.” ？
________.
A
A．Blowing up some government buildings.
B．Joining the ANC Youth League.
C．Fighting for the freedom of the blacks.
D．Fighting against the government peacefully.
4．According to the text, which of the following is NOT true
about Nelson Mandela _________.
C
A ．He was kind to Elias and even helped him to stay in
Johannesburg.
B ． He was one of the top organizers of the ANC Youth
League.
C．He was willing to accept that black people were not equal
to white people in South Africa.
D．He was a black lawyer in 1952.
5 ． The blacks decided to answer violence with violence
because ________.
A
A．they could not break the law in a peaceful way
B．they decided to fight for the laws
C．they could not afford the school fees and the bus fare
D．they liked Nelson Mandela and were willing to follow his
order
三、段落大意匹配
Part
Main Idea
(
(
(
(
(
)1．Para.1
)2．Para.2
)3．Para.3－4
)4．Para.5－6
)5．Para.7
A．Mandela's help to Elias and Elias' trust
in Mandela.
B．The troubles Elias met in his education
and work.
C．The blacks' answer to violence
with violence for equal rights.
D．A brief self-introduction.
E．The unfair treatment the blacks
received in South Africa.
D
B
A
E
C
四、课文内容复述
Elias was a poor black worker.He first met Nelson Mandela
(1)________ it was
(2)________ difficult time for him.He was so
poor
(3)____________ he couldn't afford his school fees and bus
fare.When he
(4)__________ (worry) about
whether he would
be
(5)__________ of work because he had no passbook, Mandela
offered guidance to him.Later, Elias joined the ANC Young League
(6)____________ (orga-nize) by Mandela and helped Mandela
(7)__________ (blow) up some government buildings.It was
(8)____________ (danger), but Elias was happy because he was
(10)__________
trying (9)________ best to realize their dream
making black and white people equal.
when
a
that
was worried
out
organized
blow
dangerous
his
of
And what qualities does a great person have ？一位伟
人具有什么样的品质呢？
1．quality n.
点拨
(1)[U]质量(和 quantity “数量”相对)
We aim at quality rather than quantity.
我们追求质量而不是数量。
(2)[C](人的)品质；品性；品德
He has many fine qualities.他具备很多好品质。
(3)[C]性质；特性
One quality of wood is that it can burn.
木头的特性之一就是能燃烧。
拓展
运用
be of top/good/poor quality 质量上乘/好/劣
用 quality 的适当形式填空
①For study, ________ is more important than quantity.
②Tom has all the __________ of a great man.
quality
qualities
2．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
典例
He is mean over/about/with money.他对钱很吝啬。
It is mean of you to tease her.你捉弄她太卑鄙了。
拓展
mean (meant, meant) vt.
(1)意思是；意味着(常接名词、代词、动名词或从句)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
错过了火车就意味着要再等一个小时。
(2)意欲；打算(常接不定式)
I meant to go, but a friend of mine came to see me.
我本打算走的，可是一个朋友来看我了。
运用
完成句子
① In my opinion, being ________________ ( 吝啬的 ) with
everything ________________ (意味着失去) everything easily.
② I didn't ________________ ( 打算 ) get you so much
involved in the matter.
mean
means losing
mean to
典例
He became an active social reformer.
他成了一位积极的社会改革家。
3．active adj.积极的；活跃的
拓展
an active volcano 一座活火山
be active in 活跃于……
take an active part in 积极参加……
lead/live an active life 过着积极的生活
运用
完成句子
①Our teacher often encourages us to __________________
(活跃于) thinking during class.
②My father always _____________________ ( 过着积极的
生活)．
③He _____________________ ( 积 极 参 加 ) all kinds of
activities after class.
be active in
leads/lives an active life
takes an active part in
A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to
helping others.伟人是终生致力于帮助他人的人。
4．devote vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于
典例
He devotes himself to writing.
他专心写作。
拓展
devote... to (doing) sth.献身/专心于(做)某事
devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth.献身/专心于(做)某事
be devoted to sb.忠诚于某人
运用
完成句子
①Norman Bethune was ________________________ ( 献身
于) medicine career.
② Nelson Mandela ________________________ his whole
life ________________ (致力于帮助) the black.
③He is very _______________ (忠诚于) his wife.
devoted to
devoted
to helping
devoted to
He fought for
black people and was in prison for
almost thirty years.他(纳尔逊·曼德拉)为黑人而斗争，被监禁了
将近 30 年。
5．be in prison 坐牢；被监禁
点拨
这是一个固定短语，prison 前不带冠词。若表示“在
监狱工作或去办事”，则要加冠词。如：
He works in the prison.他在监狱上班。
拓展
go to prison 入狱
put/send sb.in prison 把某人送进监狱
throw sb.into prison 把某人送进监狱
be taken to prison 被关进监狱
be out of prison 出狱
break prison 越狱
运用
完成句子
①He has been ____________________ ( 坐牢) for five years
and you may see him at home next year.
②His father has worked ____________________ (在监狱里)
for over 20 years.
③The man _________________________ ( 被关进监狱) for
stealing a car.
in prison
in the prison
was taken to prison
He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。
6．generous adj.
点拨
(1)慷慨的；大方的
The rich man was quite generous in aiding these poor people.
那位富人慷慨接济这些穷人。
(2)宽容大量的；宽厚的
He is generous to his subordinates.
他对待部属很宽厚。
(3)大量的；丰富的；丰盛的
He treated us a generous supper.
他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
拓展
be generous with sth.对某事大方
be generous in doing sth.乐于做某事
be generous to sb.对某人大方/宽容
be generous to do sth.做某事大方
运用
完成句子
①He is ____________________ everyone _________
money (在……方面对……很大方)．
②We students should ______________________ (乐于做)
hard work.
③She gave me _________________________ (一顿丰盛
的午餐)．
generous to
with
be generous in doing
a generous lunch
I had to leave because my family could not continue to
pay the school fees and the bus fare.我不得不辍学，因为我的家
庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。
7．continue v.
点拨
(1)继续；连续(后可跟不定式或动名词)
I was allowed to continue using/to use the library.
我获准继续使用该图书馆。
(2)持续(相当于系动词，表示某种状态)
According to the weather report, the weather will continue
fine till this weekend.
据天气预报所说，好天气会持续到这个周末。
辨析
continue/go on/last
(1)continue 表示“继续做某事(可不中断，也可中断后继
续)”。如：
They continued meeting/to meet every week.
他们继续每周见面。
(2)go on doing sth.表示“继续做某事(同一件事)”；go on to
do sth.表示“做完一件事继续接着做另一件事”。如：
In England Marx went on studying English.After mastering
English he went on to study Russian.
马克思在英国继续学习英语，掌握了英语后他继续学习俄
语。
(3)last 指时间“持续”时，常可与 continue 互换，但 last
不能用于被动语态；last 还有“维持”之意。如：
The hot weather will last/continue for ten days.
这种炎热的天气会持续 10 天。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
①He ____________ being silent.
②The food can only __________ three days.
③After finishing the homework, let's __________________
to play chess.
continued
last
go on/continue
Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there,
and I worried about whether I would become out of work.糟糕
的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里(约翰内斯堡)出生的，
而且我很担心我会失业。
8．out of work/job (＝without a job)失业
典例
He has been out of work for nearly two years.
他失业近乎两年了。
拓展
in work 有工作
lose one's job 失业
go to work 去上班
out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of date＝out of fashion 过期；过时
out of control 失去控制
运用
完成句子
①Those who are __________________ ( 失业 ) live a hard
life.
②Is her husband _________________ (有工作)
③The car ______________________ ( 失去控制 ) and
crashed into a tree.
out of work/job
in work
was out of control
Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑
人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。
9．vote
点拨
(1)vt.投票；选举
They voted her their headmaster.
他们选她做校长。
(2)vi.投票；选举(＋for/against/on/to do)
Twenty delegates voted for/against the proposal.
有 20 名代表投票赞成/反对这个提议。
The chairman asked us to vote on the plan.
主席要我们对这个计划进行表决。
The students voted to continue the sit-in.
学生们一致决定继续静坐示威。
(3)n.投票；选票；表决；选票总数
He was beaten by a vote.他以一票之差落选。
运用
完成句子
① The matter will be decided _______________ ( 通过投
票)．
②We should __________________ (投票赞成) the law.
③We __________________ (选举他) our monitor.
by vote
vote for
voted him
But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us
achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但
是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平
等的梦想。
10．equal
点拨
(1)adj.相等的；平等的
Our education system should provide equal opportunities for
all children.
我们的教育体制应该为所有儿童提供平等的机会。
(2)vt.等于；抵得上；比得上
Two plus two equals four.二加二等于四。
拓展
be equal to 胜任；合适；相等
be equal in 在……方面相等
运用
用 equal 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空
①They believe that all work is ________________ value.
②None of us can ________________ her, either in beauty or
as a dancer.
③Are you ________________ this task
equal in
equal
equal to
Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in
trouble.当伊莱亚斯处于困境中时，他去找了纳尔逊·曼德拉。
11．in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
典例
He is always ready to help those who are in trouble.
他总是乐于帮助那些处于困境的人。
拓展
out of trouble 摆脱困境
get/run into trouble 陷入困境/麻烦中
make trouble 制造麻烦
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
运用
完成句子
①If you are _________________ ( 遇到麻烦), please call
me.
②He ___________________ (有困难) finding a job.
③The naughty boy always ___________________ ( 惹麻烦)
in the neighborhood.
in trouble
has trouble (in)
makes trouble
Elias was willing to blow up government buildings.伊莱
亚斯愿意去炸毁政府大楼。
12．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的
典例
Are you willing to join our group
你愿意加入我们的团队吗？
拓展
be willing to do sth.愿意做某事
be willing that...愿意……(从句用虚拟语气)
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
①I'm willing ______________ (give) up the position.
②Is she willing that she ___________ (help) us finish the
task
to give
(should) help
Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make
black and white people equal？为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉要借助于
暴力来使黑人和白人平等？
13．turn to
点拨
(1)求助于；致力于
He often turns to me when he is in trouble.
他有麻烦时经常向我求助。
The researchers now turn to a new subject.
研究人员现致力于新的课题。
(2)翻到(书的某页/章)
Please turn to page 20.请翻到 20 页。
(3)转向；变成
Their talk turned to the changes that had taken place in the city.
他们的话题转到了城市发生的变化上。
运用
完成句子
①She ________________ (求助于) me for advice.
② ________________ ( 转向 ) the left and you will find the
post office.
turned to
Turn to
本课时词汇 拓展词汇 构词法小结
hopeful adj.怀有希
望的；有希望的 hope n．& v．希望；期望 1.________和________为名词后缀，
表示“性质，状态，具有……的特
征”。如：performance 表演，
contribution 贡献。
2．________和________为否定前缀
和否定后缀，表示否定意义。如：
unimportant 不重要的， careless 粗
心的。
3．________为副词后缀，表示
“以……方式地”。如：happily 快
乐地。
4．________，________，________
和________为形容词后缀，表示
“具有……的特征的”。如：
chil-dish 孩子气的， excited 兴奋
的， interesting 有趣的， mouthful
满嘴的。
peaceful adj.和平
的；平静的；安宁
的 peace n．和平；安宁
self n．自我；自身 selfish adj.自私的
selfless adj.无私的；忘我的
selflessly adv.无私地；忘我
地
devote v．献身；专
心于 devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
devotion n．忠实；忠诚
guidance n．指导；
领导 guide vt.指导；引导；为……领路 n．导游；向导
willing adj.乐意
的；自愿的 will n．意愿；意志
unwilling adj.不乐意的
unfair adj.不公正
的；不公平的 fair adj.公正的；公平的
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She is _________ about the future and __________ that
her dream will come true some day.(hopeful)
2.Sometimes she is regarded as a _________ woman and
sometimes a __________ woman.When she saw somebody in
trouble, she would offer her help ___________ but she treated
herself selfishly.(self)
3 ．The old scientist has _________ his life to medical work
and his __________ deeply moves all of us.(devote)
hopeful
hopes
selfish
selfless
selflessly
devoted
devotion
4．In China, the entrance examination is a _________ chance
for every student.If someone cheats in the exam, it is __________
to others.(fair)
5．She is a woman with strong _________.She is _________
to meet the challenge, so she often does difficult work.(willing)
6 ． She loves ___________.She lives in a ___________
village.(peaceful)
7 ． Under the professor's ____________ ， he achieved his
study and became an excellent __________.(guide)
fair
unfair
will
willing
peace
peaceful
guidance
guide
1 ．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of
laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have
reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去 30 年
来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直
到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
点拨
此处 The last thirty years have seen...是一种拟人化的
写作手法，用来增加句子的表现力。see 在此意为“(在某段时
期或某地)发生；经历”。有类似用法的动词还有 find, witness
等。如：
The 5th century saw the end of the Roman Empire in the
West.5 世纪见证了西方罗马帝国的灭亡。
运用
完成句子
①Mountains ________________ ( 发现) these trees growing
day by day.
②The last 10 years ______________________ (见证了)
many changes in the city.
find
have seen
2 ． ...only then did we decide to answer violence with
violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
点拨
“only then did...”意为“只有到这个时候才……”。
当 only 引导的状语或状语从句位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，
即将情态动词、助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。如：
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side
of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
运用
完成句子
①Only when his father told him the truth ________________
(他意识到) his stupid mistake.
②Only in this way ________________ ( 你能够 ) solve the
problem.
did he realize
can you(共20张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Writing
原句 1
He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in
Johannesburg.他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获
取所需证件。
点评
这个长句是由三个简单句合并而成：
①He told me something.
②How could I get the correct papers
③I could stay in Johannesburg.
合并之第一步：句②是句①中 something 的具体内容，故
句②或直接放在 told me 之后作宾语从句(句②要变成陈述句语
序)，或变为“疑问词＋不定式”结构代替 something 作 told 的
宾语。
合并之第二步：句③是句①和句②的目的，故可用 so 将其
合并。
仿写
①他规定了怎样开始这个工作，这样我们就有了清晰的计
划。(提示：规定 instruct)
______________________________________________________
②父亲告诉我何时放开手，好让这个玩具自己旋转。
(提示：放手 let go; 旋转 spin)
______________________________________________________
He instructed how to begin the work so we had a clear plan.
Dad told me when to let go so the toy could spin by itself.
原句 2
Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I
worried about whether I would become out of work.糟糕的是我没
有这个证件，因为我不是在那里(约翰内斯堡)出生的，而且我
很担心我会失业。
点评
这个长句是由四个简单句合并而成：
①Sadly I did not have one.
②I was not born there.
③I worried about something.
④Would I become out of work
合并之第一步：句②是句①的原因，故可用 because 来连
接。
合并之第二步：句②是句③中 something 的具体内容，又
是一般疑问句，故可用 whether 来连接，并改为陈述句语序。
合并之第三步：句①和句③是两个意思并列的句子，故其
分别和句②、句④合并后，再用 and 连接。
仿写
①因为来得早，我并不急着进到大厅，而且我担心姐姐是
否能看到我。(提示：急着 hurry to)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
②幸运的是，因为昨天看了天气预报我们都带了伞，我们
就坐在那里讨论今晚格林先生是否会来。
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
I didn't hurry to go into the hall because I arrived early, and I
worried about whether my sister could see me.
Luckily we all brought umbrellas because we watched the
weather report yesterday, and we sat there to discuss whether
Mr.Green would come tonight.
英雄人物
本单元出现的相关词汇：
quality (n.质量；品质；性质), mean (adj.吝啬的；自私的；
卑鄙的), active (adj.积极的；活跃的), generous (adj.慷慨的；大
方的), selfless (adj.无私的；忘我的), devote (vt.献身；专心于),
peaceful (adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的), found (vt.建立；建设),
mankind (n.人类), guidance (n. 指导；领导), out of work ( 失业),
hopeful (adj.怀有希望的；有希望的), youth (n.青年；青年时期),
league (n.同盟；联盟；联合会), stage (n.舞台；阶段；时期), vote
(vt.& vi.投票；选举
n．投票；选票；表决), violence (n.暴力；
暴行), attack (vt.进攻；攻击；抨击), equal (adj.相等的；平等的),
in trouble (在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中), willing (adj.
乐意的；自愿的), turn to (求助于；致力于), educated (adj.受过教
育的；有教养的), come to power (当权；上台), set up (设立；建
立), be sentenced to (被判处……), president (n.总统；会长；校长；
行长), opinion (n.意见；看法；主张)
本单元出现的相关句式：
1 ．The time when I first met...was a very...period of my life.
当我第一次遇到……的时候，那正是我生命中非常……的日子。
2．He offered guidance to...on...他向……提供关于……的指
导意见。
3．He was generous with...for which I was...他在……方面十
分慷慨，我因此……
4．He fought against...during...他在……时期与……斗争。
5．He worked selflessly...as a．..他在……岗位上无私奉献。
6．He strongly believed in...他坚信……
7 ． He gave up...for...and fought for... 他为了 …… 而放弃
了……然后为了……而斗争
8．He was the first man to...他成为了……的第一人。
本单元写作属于人物描写类，人物描写主要是对人物生平、
重要事件、思想理念等进行叙述，具体的常包括出生年月、家
庭背景、教育情况、事业成就、思想贡献或对具体领域的影响
等等。
① Honored in India as “the Father of the Nation” ，
Mohandas Gandhi is also a worldwide icon of non-violent political
resistance.Gandhi was born in a rich Indian family in 1869.He was
trained as a lawyer in Britain and lived for 20 years in South Africa
②where he started to work for the rights of Indians.He returned
to India in 1915, ③eventually becoming the leader of the Indian
National Congress.At the time, India was part of the British Empire,
so Gandhi gave up his rich life for his ideas and fought for his
country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.He supported
non-violent resistance and religious tolerance.He was imprisoned
by the British many times and often gave up food as a form of
protest.In 1947 he participated in the postwar negotiations with
Britain ④that contribute to Indian independence.He was murdered
in 1948 just after India gained independence.As an advocate of
simple living ， Gandhi ate a vegetarian diet and made his own
clothes.His autobiography, The Story of My Experiments with Truth,
was published in 1927.His birthday, October 2nd, is a national
holiday in India. ,结构分析：
本文按照时间顺序介绍了“圣雄”甘地的传奇一生——从
他的出生、学习、为印度解放所做的贡献直至他的去世，行文
流畅，条理清晰。文章最后介绍了甘地的主张、著作及人们对
他的敬仰。
亮点点评：
1．使用了大量的高级词汇，如：be honored as, work for the
rights of, fight for, give up 等。
2．使用了非谓语动词结构，如句①的过去式作伴随状语，
句③的现在分词作结果状语。
3．使用了定语从句，如句②④。
对人物进行描述时要注意时态，若是已过世的人物，需要
用一般过去时；若人物还在世，则按实际情况选用时态。描写
人物，特别是著名人物时，多描述人物的生平、成就、重要事
件等，并采用直接介绍和顺叙的形式，但有时也可以通过他人
的接触和记忆等进行间接的描述，或者先描述成就或重要事件
然后进行倒叙的形式。
必背词汇
born (v.出生), childhood (n.童年), experience (vt.经历；体会
n．经历，经验), field (n.领域), honor (n.光荣；尊敬 vt.给……
以荣誉 ； 尊敬), leader (n. 领导；领袖 ), give up ( 放弃 ), fight
for/against (为争取/反对 …… 而斗争 ), participate in ( 参加 ),
contribution (n.贡献), play a part/role in... (在……中起作用)
常用句式
1．...born in...is a ... ……生于……是一个……
2．...is a ... who... ……是一个……他……
3．He made great contributions in the field of...他在……领域
做出了重大贡献。
4．During his childhood/youth, he...在儿童/青年时期，他……
5 ．He has devoted all his life to... 他将毕生精力都奉献给
了……
6．His opinion on...marked...他的……主张标志着……
【小试牛刀】
请根据以下内容写一篇短文介绍“国父”孙中山。
[写作内容]
1. 孙中山是中国民主革命的政治领袖，被尊称为 “国
父”；
2.他于 1866 年出生于广东香山县的一个靠海的村庄，因
父亲是一个穷苦的农民，孙中山很早就认识到了劳动人民生活
的艰难；
3.他提出“三民主义”——民族、民权、民生，并为之奉
献了一生；
4.他积极参与反清运动，并在 1911 年成功推翻了清政府，
建立了中华民国，被认为是近代中国最伟大的领袖之一。
[写作要求]
只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。
参考词汇：革命的 revolutionary; 沿海的 coastal; 艰难
hardship; 推 翻 overthrow; 三 民 主 义 Three Principles of the
People; 民族 Nationalism; 民权 People's rights; 民生 People's
livelihood
