(共17张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning about Language
It was a frightening night.这是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。
frightening adj.令人恐惧的
典例
辨析
I read a frightening story.我读了一个可怕的故事。
frightening/frightened/frighten
(1)frightening adj.令人恐惧的，主语通常是事/物，表示“某
事/物令人害怕”。如：
Darkness is frightening to many children.
黑暗令许多孩子害怕。
(2)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的，主语通常是人，表示
“某人对某事/物感到害怕”。如：
He was frightened at seeing me.
看见我，他吓了一大跳。
(3)frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬，指由主语发出的动作。如：
Be quiet, or you'll frighten the baby.
安静些，不然你会吓到婴儿的。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
①I was ________________ at the sight after the earthquake.
②The ruins after the quake were ________________.
③The storm _______________ the children.
frightened
frightening
frightened
定语从句(I)
由关系代词 that, which, who, whose
引导的定语从句
定语从句是中学一个非常重要的语法内容，对于阅读、写
作尤其有用，同学们可以根据课本后的附录和本册书里的讲解，
用“列表法”攻克这一语法重点。
一、概念
1．定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫
作定语从句。其作用相当于形容词。
2．先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
3．关系词(引导词)：引导定语从句，连接主句与从句的词
叫作关系词，分关系代词(that, which, who, whose 等)和关系副词
(when, where, why 等)两类。
注意：关系词的选用由先行词在定语从句中所充当的句子
成分决定。
4．限制性定语从句：是修饰先行词不可缺少的成分，去掉
从句后整个句子的意义就不能成立或意思不清楚。限制性定语
从句通常翻译为“……的”，置于先行词前。如：
The man who robbed him has been arrested.
抢劫他的人已经被逮捕了。
It's the best hotel that I have known.
这是我所知道的最好的旅馆。
5．非限制性定语从句：对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，
而是作一些补充说明，通常都用一个逗号把它和句子的其他部
分分开，去掉非限制性定语从句对剩下部分没有太大的影响。
在译成中文时，这个从句多译成一个并列句。如：
Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the
next town.
彼得开了一整天的车，他建议在下个镇停一停。
Football, which is a very exciting game, is played all over the
world.全世界都在踢足球，它是一项令人兴奋的运动。
关系词 指代
对象 在定语从
句中充当
的成分 例 句
that 人或物 主语或宾
语(作宾语
时可省略；
但 which 前
有介词时
不可省略) The girl that/who told us the news is his sister.那个告
诉我们消息的女孩是他妹妹。
He gave me a book which/that was bought in the UK.
他给了我一本在英国买的书。
which 物 This is the car (which/that) he bought last year.这就是
他去年买的车。
We visited the house in which Lu Xun lived.我们参观
了鲁迅先生住过的房子。
who 人 The lady (who/that)_we_met_in_the park comes from
America.我们在公园见过的那位女士来自美国。
whose 人或物 定语 The girl whose father had given us a report got first.她
的爸爸给我们作过报告的那个女孩得了第一。
He lives in a house whose door faces south.＝He lives
in a house the door of which faces south.他住在一所
门朝南的房子里。
(注：whose＝the...of＋which/whom)
二、关系代词 that, which, who, whose 的用法
三、关系代词的特殊用法
1．指代物时用 which 不用 that 的情况
(1)当动词短语的介词提前时。如：
The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday. 他正
用来写字的笔是昨天买的。
(2)先行词本身为 that 时。如：
That which you told him is exciting.
你告诉他的事是令人兴奋的。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句时(可修饰一个先行词，也可修饰
整个主句)。如：
This is his house, which is 50 years old.
(which 指代“房子”)这是他的房子，有 50 多年了。
Tom was late again, which made his teacher angry.
(which 指代主句)汤姆又迟到了，这使他的老师很生气。
2．只用 that 引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词，如 some, all, much, little, something,
everything, anything, nothing, none, one 时。如：
Is there anything that I can do for you
我能为你做点什么吗？
That is all that I know.这是我所知道的全部。
(2)先行词被 few, little, just, right, any, all, one, no 等修饰时。
如：
You can take any seat that is free.
你可以在任何一个空位坐下。
There is little time that we can use.
我们能用的时间几乎没有了。
I read all the books that you gave me.
你给我的书我全都看完了。
(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时。
如：
This is the only book that can be useful for us.
这是唯一一本会对我们有用的书。
This is the very thing that I'm after.
这正是我所追求的。
(4)先行词前被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
It is the first composition that I have written in English. 这是
我写的第一篇英语作文。
This is the most interesting film that we have ever seen.这是
我们看过的最有意思的电影。
(5)先行词为数词时。如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of
water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.
昨天我捉了两条鱼把它们放入了一盆水里。现在你可以看
到它们还是活的。
(6)先行词中既有人又有物时。如：
He told us the people and the places that he had visited.
他告诉我们他曾拜访过的人和参观过的地方。
(7)主句中有 who, whom 或 which，关系代词宜用 that，以
避免重复。如：
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there ？那
个正在那边看报纸的人是谁？
Which is the book that you like best
你最喜欢哪本书？
(8)先行词为主句的表语而关系代词在定语从句中也作表
语时。如：
My home village is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家乡再也不是以前的那个小村庄了。
用适当的关系代词填空
1．The girls ___________ served in the shop were the owner's
daughters.
2 ．The ladder on ___________ I am standing was bought in
the supermarket.
3．The girl ___________ I spoke to was a student.
4．He hides all the people and things ________ he knows.
5．He saw a house ________ windows were all broken.
6．All the apples ________ fall are eaten by wild bears.
7．Can you think of anyone ________ could look after him
8．This is the best restaurant ________ I have known.
who/that
which
who/that
that
whose
that
that
that
9 ．He showed a machine ________ parts are too small to be
seen.
10．You can take any room ________ you like.
11 ． The road conditions there turned out to be very good,
________ was more than we could expect.
12．He was educated at the local high school, after ________
he went on to Beijing University.
13 ．Among the winners stands little Tom ________ father is
seriously ill in hospital.
14．Do you still remember the chicken farm ___________ we
visited three months ago
whose
that
which
which
whose
that/which(共44张PPT)
Unit 4
Earthquakes
Section Ⅰ
Warming Up & Reading
一、在空格处填上适当的词概括课文
The passage shows what happened (1)_________ ， du-ring
and after the Tangshan earthquake in 1976.The earthquake caused a
terrible (2)_________ of life and a serious (3)____________ to the
city's buildings, but all hope (4)__________ lost, for the army and
rescue workers rushed to (5)__________．
before
loss
destruction
wasn't
help
二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because
________.
D
A．they didn't notice anything strange happening
B．they knew well about earthquakes
C．something strange happened in many places
D．they didn't realize the arrival of an earthquake
B
2．When did the earthquake happen ______.
A．On the night of July 28th, 1976.
B．On the morning of July 28th, 1976.
C．On the afternoon of July 28th, 1976.
D．The writer didn't tell us.
3．Which is TRUE according to the passage _______.
B
A ．People paid much attention to those strange things before
the earthquake.
B．Before the earthquake animals became nervous.
C．After the earthquake water was needed because there was
no water in dams and wells.
D ．After the earthquake the people in Tangshan lost all hope
because they were homeless.
4．What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe
again.” mean _______.
A
A ．The city will not die; it has hope and it can recover from
the pain.
B．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D．Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued.
5．What does “shocked” in the third paragraph mean _______.
C
A．Shaken.
C．Appalled (震惊的).
B．Unpleasant.
D．Very upset.
D
B
A
C
四、课文内容复述
Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened and a
(1)___________ (smell) gas came out from the cracks of wells and
animals became nervous.At 3 ： 42 am, everything began to
(2)___________．The city lay in (3)______________ in just fifteen
seconds.Many people, (4)___________ (include) workers and
doctors, came to rescue those (5)___________ (trap) under the
ruins.Later that afternoon, (6)________ big quake struck Tangshan,
killing, injuring more people (7)________ making more buildings
fall down.Soldiers were called (8)________ to help the rescue
workers and teams (9)_________________ (organize) to dig out
the trapped and (10)___________ the dead.
smelly
shake
ruins
including
trapped
another
and
in
were organized
bury
For three days the water in the village wells rose and
fell, rose and fell.一连三天，村子里的井水都时高时低。
1．rise
点拨
(1)vi.上升；起立；起床；增长
The sun has not risen yet.太阳还未升起。
(2)n.上升；上涨；升起
There will be a rise in unemployment next year.
明年的失业率将会上升。
拓展
rise in price 涨价
at the rise of the sun 日出之时
辨析
rise/raise
(1)rise (rose, risen)为不及物动词，指自然“上升”，常用于
日、月、烟雾、物价、温度、河水及人的职位等的上升，不带
宾语，不可以用于被动语态。
(2)raise (raised, raised) 为及物动词，多指外部的力量使其
“举起；提高”，后带宾语，可以用于被动语态。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
①After the heavy rain the river _________ by three meters.
②The workers asked their boss to _________ their wages.
rose
raise
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked
and burst.在市区里，有些楼房里的水管爆裂了。
2．burst
点拨
(1)vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发
That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.
你再给气球充气，它就会爆了。
(2)n.[C]突然破裂；爆发
a burst in the water pipe 水管爆裂
a sudden burst of anger 怒火的迸发
拓展
运用
burst into sth.＝burst out doing sth.突然爆发出
用适当的介词填空
① The little boy was so frightened that he burst ________
crying.
②The audience gave a burst ________ applause.
③That quiet girl suddenly burst ________ tears.
out
of
into
It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界
末日！
3．at an end 结束；终结
典例
拓展
Eventually the war was at an end.战争终于结束了。
at the end (of) 在……末端
by the end of...到……为止
in the end 最后
draw to an end (快要)结束
come to an end 结束
put an end to sth.＝bring sth.to an end 使某事终止
运用
用 end 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空
①The year was ________________ to an end.
②You must __________________ the quarrel.
＝You must bring the quarrel ______________.
③Go straight and you'll find the hospital ________________
the road.
④The long hot summer was at last _____________________
________________________.
⑤How
many
English
words
have
you
learned
__________________________ this term
⑥He
works
hard;
I
think
he
will
make
progress
_________________.
drawing/coming
put an end to
to an end
at the end of
at an end/drawing to an
end/coming to an end
by the end of
in the end
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可
怕的 15 秒钟内，一座大城市就成了一片废墟。
4．ruin
点拨
(1)n.[pl.]废墟；[U]毁灭
the ruins of an ancient castle 一座古代城堡的废墟
(2)vt.毁灭；使破产(强调倒塌成为碎片；也可以指健康、价
值受严重的损害或断送前途)
The storm ruined the crops.风暴摧毁了庄稼。
拓展
(1)be/lie in ruins 变成废墟(强调状态)
The houses across the street were in ruins.
街对面的房子成了一片废墟。
(2)fall into ruin＝go to ruin 毁坏；瓦解(强调动作)
He had let the farm fall into ruin/go to ruin.
他任由农场渐渐变成废墟。
运用
完成句子
①This village ____________________ (成了一片废墟) after
the war.
② How can you stand by and watch the country
____________________________ (走向灭亡)
was/lay in ruins
fall into ruin/go to ruin
Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the
earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。
5．injure vt.损害；伤害
典例
They were seriously/badly injured in the crash.
他们在碰撞中受了重伤。
辨析
injure/harm/hurt/wound
(1)injure 一般指由于意外事故而受伤。如：
He had one leg injured in a car accident.
在一场车祸中他的一条腿受伤了。
(2)harm 多指精神上的伤害以及对健康、权利、事业等无形
的伤害。如：
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。
(3)hurt 是一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤痛，也可指精神上
的伤害，还可指对利益等造成损害或不良影响。如：
He hurt his back when he fell.他跌倒时伤了后背。
I'm sorry I didn't mean to hurt you.
对不起，我不是故意要伤害你的感情。
High interest rate has hurt many companies.
高利率已使众多公司受损。
(4)wound 指外伤，多指枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争
或战斗中受伤。如：
The soldier was badly wounded in the head.
那位战士头部受了重伤。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
①The man who ____________ his leg in a traffic accident is
still in hospital.
②In the battle, hundreds of soldiers were ____________ and
some were even killed.
③Reading in the sun will ____________ your eyes.
④How could you ________ her feeling
injured/hurt
wounded
harm
hurt
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was
destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。
6．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
典例
辨析
A fire destroyed the house.一场火烧毁了这所房子。
destroy/ruin/damage
(1)destroy 既可表示在物质上对某物进行完全的毁坏，使之
无法复原，也可表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁。如：
Please destroy it after reading.看完后请销毁。
The partial criticism may destroy the child.
偏颇的批评会毁了这孩子。
(2)ruin 指对某物彻底的破坏，往往指在一定过程中逐渐毁
掉，也常用于对抽象事物的破坏。如：
You will ruin the opportunity of the job if you wear that shirt
to the interview.
穿那件衬衫面试，你会失去得到这份工作的机会。
(3)damage 常指进行局部的破坏、损坏，并可以修复。如：
The car was badly damaged in the accident.
那辆车在事故中被严重毁坏。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
①The heavy rain ________ our holiday.
②Mr.Smith is repairing his car which was ____________.
③The earthquake ______________ his house.He became
homeless.
ruined
damaged
destroyed
People were shocked.人们非常震惊。
7．shock
点拨
(1)vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动
They were shocked by her rudeness.
他们因她的无礼而震惊。
(2)n.休克；打击；震惊
The news of his death was a shock to us.
他去世的消息令我们震惊。
拓展
be shocked at/by (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.对做某事很震惊
be shocked that...对……震惊
be a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击
运用
完成句子
①We were all _____________________ ( 对……感到
震惊) her death.
②It was ___________________ (对我来说是个打击)
to be told that bad news.
③Everyone _____________________ ( 感到震惊) see
such a wonderful building.
shocked at/by
a shock to me
was shocked to
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped
under the ruins.一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面。
8．rescue
点拨
(1)n.[C]援救；营救
The lifeboat was involved in four rescues last week.
这艘救生艇上周参加了四次营救任务。
(2)vt.援救；营救
Firefighters worked for five hours to rescue people from the
bus.
消防队员们奋战五小时把人们从公共汽车里救了出来。
拓展
rescue sb./sth.from 从……救出某人/物
come/go to the rescue＝come/go to one's rescue 营救某人；
帮助某人
运用
用 rescue 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空
① They successfully ________________ all the children
___________ the burning building.
②The boy was floating on the sea for hours before the soldier
came to ________________.
rescued
from
the/his rescue
9．trap
点拨
(1)vt.使陷于困境 (常用于被动语态)
Twenty miners were trapped underground.
20 个矿工被困在地下。
(2)n.[C]陷阱；困境
They set a trap for fish along the river.
他们沿河设置了陷阱来捕鱼。
拓展
be trapped (in) 陷入困境；被困住
trap sb.into (doing) sth.诱使某人做某事
fall into the trap of doing sth.掉进做某事的陷阱中
set a trap for sb.为某人设置陷阱
运用
完成句子
①We ___________________ ( 被 困 住 ) by the rising flood
water.
②She had ___________________ (设置陷阱) for him and he
had walked straight into it.
were trapped
set a trap
本课时词汇 拓展词汇 构词法小结
nation n．民族；
国家；国民 national adj.国家
的；民族的 1.________和________为形容词后
缀，表示“具有……属性或倾向；
与……相关”。如：beautiful
educational 教育的。
2．________为形容词后缀，表示
“多……的”。如：cloudy
3．________和________为名词后缀，表示“性质，状态，程度”。如：
reality 现实， history 历史。
4．________为否定后缀，表示
“非……的”。如：hopeless
5．________为名词后缀，表示从事
某项工作的人。如：shooter 射手。
dirt n．污垢；泥
土 dirty adj.肮脏的；
下流的
injure vt.损害；
伤害 injury n．损害；
伤害；受伤处
electricity n．电；
电流；电学 electric adj.电的；
电动的；带电的
mine n．矿；矿
山；矿井 miner n．矿工
useless adj.无用
的；无效的；无
益的 use v．& n．用；
使用；利用
useful adj.有用的
美丽的，
多云的。
绝望的。
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1 ． Because of the colorful ___________ culture, I love the
___________ with heart and soul.(nation)
2．Please wipe the ___________ off the table.The room looks
___________ with the table.(dirt)
3．Most people protect themselves from ___________ for their
self-esteem ( 自 尊 ), because they think if their self-esteem is
___________ greatly, they will feel upset.(injure)
national
nation
dirt
dirty
injury
injured
4．______________ can be found everywhere.Sometimes you
may get an ___________ shock by touching an unsafe
socket.(electricity)
5．Don't consider this small nail ___________.As a matter of
fact, it is of great ___________ when in need.(useless)
6．These ___________ work hard in the deep ___________ all
year round.(mine)
Electricity
electric
useless
use
miners
mine
1．It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界
末日！
点拨
本句是个复合句，含有一个 as if 引导的表语从句，
其句型为“It looks/seems/sounds/feels as if...”。其中 it 本身无词
义，常与 look, seem, feel, sound, smell 等连系动词连用。
拓展
(1)as if 常可以和 as though 互换，意为“仿佛；好
像”。如：
It looks/seems as if you have got no experience.
＝It looks/seems as though you have got no expe-rience.看来
你似乎并没有经验。
(2)as if 引导的从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示不真实或
极少有可能发生或存在的情况：
若表示与现在事实相反的主观设想，动词用过去式(be 动词
用 were，适用于各种人称)；若表示与过去事实相反的主观设想，
动词用“had＋过去分词”形式。如：
He acts as if he were smoking.
他的举动好像在抽烟。(其实不是)
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
他们谈话的样子好像他们是多年的好朋友。(其实不是)
(3)as if 引导的从句也可用陈述语气，表示说话者认为陈述
的事情是真实的或极可能发生或存在的。如：
It sounds as if someone is coming.
听起来似乎有人来了。(很可能存在)
运用
完成句子
①It _______________________ ( 听 起 来 似 乎 ) someone
_______________________ ( 正 在 敲 ) the door when it blows
strongly.
②It _________________________
( 看起来好像) it
_______________________ (下了雨) but it was sunny.
③It looks as if _______________________________
( 她 已 经 出 去 ) for a few days, because the table is covered with
dirt.
sounds as if/though
were knocking at
looks as if/though
had rained
she has been out
2．One-third of the nation felt it.全国三分之一的地方都有
震感。
点拨
句子的主语用了分数表示法。英语中的分数表示规
则为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于 1 时，分母
词尾要加-s，分子和分母中间可以用连字符，也可不用。如：
三分之一——one third 或 one-third 或 a third
三分之二——two thirds 或 two-thirds
拓展
当分数作句子主语时，谓语的单复数由分数后面名
词的单复数来决定。如：
One third of the apple has rotted.
这个苹果的三分之一烂了。
One third of the apples have rotted.
这些苹果中三分之一烂了。
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
①Two-thirds of the cotton ________ (send) to America two
days ago.
②One third of the students ________ (have) their reading
class in the morning every day.
was sent
have
3 ． Everywhere they looked nearly everything was
destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。
点拨
everywhere 作从属连词，引导地点状语从句，相当
于 wherever 或 no matter where。如：
Everywhere/Wherever/No matter where he goes, he gets warm
welcome.
无论他走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。
拓展
every time, each time, the moment, anywhere 也可作
连词引导状语从句。如：
Each time I saw him, I thought of his poor brother.
每次看见他，我就想起了他可怜的弟弟。
运用
完成句子
①_______________________________________________
(无论他旅行到哪里), he will take photos of beautiful sights.
②______________________________ (我看到他的那一刻),
my heart was broken.
Everywhere/Wherever/No matter where he travels
The moment I saw him
4．All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破灭了。
点拨
该句使用了部分否定的句子结构。部分否定是由表
示 “ 全 体 ” 意 义 的 代 词 、 副 词 或 形 容 词 all, both, every,
everybody, always 等和否定副词 not 连用构成的。如：
Everyone doesn't like the story.
＝Not everyone likes the story.
并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。
Both of the students don't like the story.
并非这两个学生都喜欢这个故事。
拓展
如要对上述的 all, both, every, always 等词作完全否
定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如 no, none, neither,
no one, never, not (never)．..at all 等。如：
All of them can do it.他们每个人都能做这件事。
→None of them can do it.没有一个人能做这件事。
He is always late.他经常迟到。
→He is never late.他从不迟到。
运用
完成句子
①___________________________ ( 并非这两个学生
都) like the story.
②___________________________ (这两个学生都不)
like the story.
③___________________________ ( 这些学生没有一
个) like the story.
Both of the students don't
Neither of the students
None of the students(共21张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Writing
原句1
Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.
农民们注意到井壁上有深深的裂缝。
点评
这个长句是由两个简单句合并而成：
①Farmers noticed something.
②The well walls had deep cracks in them.
合并：句②是句①中 something 的具体内容，故可用 that
引导句②作 notice 的宾语来代替 something。
仿写
①昨天他说他再也不会去那里了。
______________________________________________________
②我们相信明天会更好。
______________________________________________________
Yesterday he said that he wouldn't go there any more.
We believe that tomorrow will be better.
原句2
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠从田
地里跑出来找地方躲避。
点评
这个长句是由两个简单句合并而成：
①Mice ran out of the fields.
②Mice looked for places to hide.
合并：句①和句②主语相同，且句②是句①的目的，故可
将句②的主语去掉，把谓语动词改为现在分词，作句①的目的
状语。
仿写
①他们坐在那里等待着怀特先生。
______________________________________________________
②请拿出笔来准备书写。
______________________________________________________
They sit there waiting for Mr.White.
Please take the pen out preparing to write.
原句3
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.渐渐地，城市又恢复
了生机。
点评
此处 slowly 用于修饰整个句子。副词修饰整个句子时一般
放在句首，并常用逗号隔开，这时的副词常可以代替一些复杂
短语或句子结构。
仿写
①令人吃惊的是，他并没有按时回来。
______________________________________________________
②讽刺的是，建议的提出者却根本不愿改变。
(提示：讽刺 ironically; 提出者 proposer)
______________________________________________________
Surprisingly, he didn't return on time.
Ironically, the proposer doesn't want to change at all.
地震
本单元出现的相关词汇：
earthquake/quake (n.地震), burst (vi.爆裂；爆发
n．突然破
裂；爆发), event (n.事件；大事), steam (n.蒸汽；水汽), dirt (n.
污垢；泥土), ruin (n.废墟；毁灭
vt.毁灭；使破产), suffering (n.
苦难；痛苦), injure (vt.损害；伤害), destroy (vt.破坏；毁坏；消
灭), shock (vt.& vi.使震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊), rescue
(n.& vt.援救；营救), trap (vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境), disaster
(n.灾难；灾祸), bury (vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏), shelter (n.掩蔽；掩
蔽处；避身处), damage (n.& vt.损失；损害), frighten (vt.使惊吓；
吓唬), frightened (adj.受惊的；受恐吓的), frightening (adj.令人恐
惧的), at an end (终结；结束), in ruins (严重受损；破败不堪), dig
out (掘出；发现), fall down (倒塌), the rescue workers/doctors (营
救人员/医生)
本单元出现的相关句式：
1．At...everything began to shake.在……时，所有东西都开
始震动。
2．It seems as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
3 ．The number of people who were killed or injured reached
more than...伤亡的人数多达……
4．All of the...were gone.所有的……都被摧毁了。
5．All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
6．Soon after the quake, ...sent...to help...震后不久，……派
出……来帮助……
有关自然灾害的话题是历年来高考英语写作中的热点，且
多以地震和海啸为主，该类话题常以基础写作的形式出现，具
有较强的实事性和客观性。
At 14：28 on May 12, 2008, a deadly earthquake hit southwest
China's Sichuan Province, ①killing tens of thousands of people,
injuring nearly 500,000, leaving over five million homeless and
causing
immeasurable
financial
loss
in
seconds.The
8.0-magnitude quake ②centered in Wenchuan County shook half
of Asia and startled (使震惊) the whole world.
③The big quake was felt by half of China after several
minutes.Some office workers in big cities as far as Shanghai,
Beijing and Guangzhou got out from theirs high-rise office to
avoid dizziness ④caused by the shake.
More than 100,000 PLA and armed police officers and
soldiers marched day and night to head for the spot.Vast
numbers of medical personnel and volunteers from all parts of
China, as well as reporters from both central and local media
swarmed into Sichuan, ⑤joining hands with the quake-affected
people and braving continuous strong aftershocks.The ongoing
quake relief and reconstruction work in China have kept writing
a
new
chapter
⑥showing
the
great
human
love.The
earthquake-hit areas slowly recover with the help and love.,结构
分析：
第一段开门见山地点出了地震发生的时间、地点、伤亡人
数以及财产损失情况，并且交待了震级和影响。
第二段描述了其他城市所受的影响，进一步说明此次地震
的严重程度。
第三段描述了震后的救援情况，并对其做出了评论，最后
叙述了此次地震的结果，使得文章有始有终。
亮点点评：
1．使用了大量的现在分词，如句①用了四个并列的现在分
词短语作结果状语，在同一句中连续点出了地震后造成的几种
后果，使得句子结构简练，信息丰富；句⑤中的现在分词作目
的状语，阐述了灾后救援情况；句⑥中的现在分词则作后置定
语，点明了灾后救援的意义。
2．使用了被动语态，使文章有变化和层次感，如句③。
3．使用了过去分词作后置定语，如句②④。
描述地震等自然灾害时，要首先给出读者最关心、最重要
的信息，即地震等自然灾害发生的时间、地点、造成的伤亡情
况、波及范围等等，宜用凝练的语言首先进行概括。然后对所
知的灾害发生时的具体情况进行描述，还需要向读者告知救援
情况，最后是灾害的最终结果。一般可以分为三段，即：开头
概括→具体过程→救援与结果。因为是描述已发生的事件，时
态多用一般过去时。
必背词汇
magnitude (n. 震级), victim (n. 罹难者), aftershock (n. 余震),
collapse (v.倒塌；崩溃), medical (adj.医疗的), a large number of
(大量), quake relief (抗震救灾), loss (n.损失), the trapped people
( 被困人员), homeless (adj. 无家可归的), missing (adj. 失踪的),
earthquake-hit (adj. 遭 受 地 震 的 ), damage area ( 受 灾 面 积 ),
reconstruction (n.重建), return to normal (恢复正常)
常用句式
1．A deadly earthquake hit..., killing...with...missing.一场严重
的地震袭击了……，造成……死亡，……失踪。
2．It killed...injuring...leaving...这次地震造成……死亡，……
受伤，使得……
3．...were sent to the earthquake-hit areas.……被送往遭受地
震灾害的地区。
4．Day and night, the rescue workers tried their best to...营救
人员日以继夜努力地……
5 ． ...gradually recovered thanks to the help from... 因为来
自……的帮助，……得以渐渐恢复。
【小试牛刀】
请根据以下内容写一篇短文介绍玉树地震的情况。
时间 2010年4月14日早晨
震级 7.1 级
人员伤亡 2 698 人遇难，270 人失踪
受灾面积 35 862 平方千米
损失情况 居民住房大量倒塌，众多公共设施遭到破坏，使工
业、农业、旅游业严重受损。
灾后救助 大量来自全国各地的医疗卫生工作者迅速奔赴救灾
第一线；个人、企业、机构大量捐款帮助玉树重建；随着重建的开展，玉树逐渐恢复。
[写作内容]
[写作要求]
只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。(共9张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using Language
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of
whom agreed that it was the best one this year.五个评委听了你
的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
1．judge
点拨
(1)n.裁判员；法官
The panel of judges included several well-known writers.评审
小组里包括了几位著名作家。
(2)vt.断定；判断；判决
You should never judge a person by his looks.
你不能光凭外表去判断一个人。
拓展
judging by/from sth.意为“从……来看；从……来判
断”，用作插入语，引导独立成分，其逻辑主语不一定和主句
主语一致。如：
Judging by/from his accent, he must be from Guangdong.
从他的口音来看，他一定来自广东。
运用
完成句子
①I can't ________________ (判断) what she is doing is right
or wrong.
② ________________________________________________
(从你所说的来判断) in your letter, you are in poor health.
judge
Judging by/from what you said
Next month the city will open a new park to honour
those who died in the terrible disaster. 下个月我市将开放一个
新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。
2．honour
点拨
(1)vt.给予荣誉；尊敬；仰慕
He was honoured with a gold medal for his excellent speech.
他以出色的演讲赢得了一枚金牌。
(2)n.[U]名誉；荣誉；尊敬
The soldiers were fighting for the honour of their country.战士
们为了祖国的荣誉而战。
(3)n.[C]带来荣誉的人或事
I think it a great honour to be invited.
我认为获得邀请是无上的光荣。
拓展
(1)in honour of sb.＝in sb.'s honour 为纪念某人；向
某人表示敬意
A special dinner will be held in her honour.
为了向她致敬将举行一个特别宴会。
(2)be an honour to sb./sth.为……带来荣誉
He's an honour to his family and his country.
他为家族和国家带来了荣誉。
运用
用适当的介词填空
①Famous pianist Chopin is an honour ________ Poland.
②The teacher honoured me ________ high praise.
③The park was built ________ honour of those brave soldiers
who fought for our nation.
to
with
in
本课时词汇 拓展词汇 构词法小结
express vt.表示；表
达 n．快车；速递 expression n．表情；表达 1.________，________和
________为名词后缀，表示
“行为的过程，状态，结
果”。如：conclusion结论
celebration 庆祝，movement
运动。
2．________为副词后缀。如：wonderfully 精彩地。
judge n．裁判员；法
官 vt.断定；判断；
判决 judgement n．
审判；判断；
判决
sincerely adv.真诚
地；真挚地 sincere adj.
真诚的；真挚
的
congratulation n．祝
贺；(复数)贺词 congratulate
vt.祝贺；恭喜
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1 ． The ___________ in a person's eyes always means more
than the spoken language can ______________.(express)
2．___________ from the result, the ___________ must have
refereed ( 裁 决 ) the match quite well.Do you agree with my
______________？(judge)
3．“It's my ___________ hope that you'll pass the exam，”
he said to me ___________.(sincerely)
4．They expressed their ______________ to ______________
us on winning the game.(congratulation)
expression
express
Judging
judge
judgement
sincere
sincerely
congratulation
congratulate
