(共14张PPT)
Lesson 2
Different Schools
Students study at their own pace and the teachers
seldom set tests.(P38, Ex.2)学生按照自己的节奏学习，老师很少
进行考试。
1．at one's own pace 以适合自己的速度
典例
We encourage all the students to work at their own
pace.我们鼓励所有的学生按照自己的节奏学习。
拓展 keep pace with 跟上……的步伐
运用 完成句子
(1)She likes to walk ________________ (以她自己的速度)．
(2)It's important for a firm to ________________ (跟上步伐)
changes in the market.
at her own pace
keep pace with
Jack had a “traditional” education and Nicholas had
an “alternative” one.(P38, Ex.3)杰克接受的是传统教育而尼古
拉斯接受的是选择性教育。
2．alternative adj.可选择的；另类的
n．[C]可供选择的
事物
典例
If this plan is not accepted, we have an alternative
plan.
如果这个计划不被接受，我们还有另一个计划可供选择。
We took the alternative of walking.
我们选择了步行。
拓展 have no alternative but (to do) 除……之外别无选择
辨析 alternative/choice
(1)alternative 常指在两者之间作出选择。
(2)choice 常指一般意义上的选择。
运用 完成句子
(1)Do you have any ___________________ (可选择的建议)
(2)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;
those are the ________________ (两种选择)．
(3)They ____________________ (除……之外别无选择) fight
till the victory.
alternative suggestions
two alternatives
had no alternative but to
Our goal is to contribute to the students' whole being
by giving each of them real-life skills.(P38, Ex.4) 我们的目标是
通过给予每个学生真实生活的技能以促进他们的全面发展。
3．contribute to 促成，有助于
点拨 contribute to 意为“促成，有助于”，to 是介词，其
后接名词、代词或动名词形式。如：
The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of
the suburbs.
建造高速公路将有助于郊区的发展。
拓展 (1)contribute to 还可意为“捐款给……”。如：
She contributed to the hospital.她捐助了这家医院。
(2)make a contribution/contributions to 意为“对……作出贡
献”。如：
Everyone should make a contribution/contributions to our
society.每一个人都应该为我们的社会作出贡献。
运用 完成句子
(1)Would you like to ________________ ( 捐 款 ) our
collection
(2)All these factors ________________ (促成) his success.
(3)Charlie Chaplin________________________ (做出了突
出贡献) the film industry.
contribute to
contributed to
made a great contribution to
Our school motto reflects the importance we place on
good manners, hard work and success.(P38, Ex.4) 我们的校训
反映着我们对良好的修养、勤奋工作以及成功的重视。
4．reflect vt.反映；反射
典例 A man's actions reflect his thoughts.
人的行动反映出他的思想。
The water reflected her face.水中映出了她的脸。
拓展 reflect on 思考；反省
运用 完成句子
(1)The still water ________________ ( 反 射 出 了 ) the full
moon.
(2)You need time to ________________ (思考) your choice.
reflected
reflect on
Due to the limited number of places and our excellent
reputation, students should apply early.(P38, Ex.4) 由于地方数
量有限以及我们良好的名声，学生们应该及早申请。
5．reputation n．名誉，名声
典例 This restaurant has a good reputation.
这家饭店的名声很好。
拓展 have a reputation for 以……而闻名
辨析 reputation/fame
(1)reputation 可指好名声，也可指坏名声，强调人们心目中
的印象。
(2)fame 仅指好名声，强调较高的知名度。
运用 完成句子
(1)If people find out what you are doing, it will ruin your
________________ (名声)．
(2)Judge Kelso________________ ( 以 …… 而 闻 名 ) being
strict and fair.
reputation
has a reputation for
6．to a certain extent 在某种程度上(＝to some extent)
典例
To a certain extent, it was my fault that we lost the
chance.
我们失去这次机会在某种程度上是我的错。
运用 完成句子
______________________ (在某种程度上) you are correct.
To a certain/some extent
本课时单词 拓展词汇 构词法小结
receiver n．接收
者 receive v．接收 1.________和________为名
词后缀，表示“动作，行为
等”。如：movement
collection 收集。
2．________为否定前缀。
如：mislead 误导。
3．________为名词反缀，
表示行为者。如：driver 司
机。
punishment n．
惩罚，处罚 punish v．惩罚
reflect vt.反映；
反射 reflection n．反射；反映
select vt.挑选 selection n．选择
misunderstand
v．误解 understand v．理
解，懂；意识到
运动；
运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．A ________ (receive) was appointed by the court to handle
the company's affairs.
2．Jane stared at her ________ (reflect) in the bedroom mirror.
3．The boy accepted his _________ (punish) without complaint.
4．The final team ________ (select) will be made tomorrow.
5 ．I must think twice before I say something in order not to
make myself ______________ (understand)．
receiver
reflection
punishment
selection
misunderstood
One of the problems I've heard about the sort of alternative
school that Nicholas goes to is that students don't prepare well
for tests.(P39, Ex.6)我所了解到的有关尼古拉斯所上的那类选
择性学校的其中一个问题是学生们不好好准备考试。
点拨
这是一个复合句。句中的“I've heard about the sort of
alternative school”是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，修
饰
One of the problems; “that Nicholas goes to”也是定语从句， 修
饰 alternative school；而“that students don't prepare well for tests”
是 that 引导的表语从句。
注意：that 引导定语从句并在句中作宾语时，可以省略；
但引导表语从句时，不可省略。
运用 完成句子
(1)Where is the man ________________ ( 我 见 到 的 ) this
morning
(2)The problem is ________________ (我们缺钱)．
(that) I saw
that we lack money (共33张PPT)
Lesson 3 Teachers
一、概括课文大意
快速阅读课文“My Teacher & My Student”，以约 30 词概括
文章的大意。
提示：格雷厄姆曾经是一个问题学生。但是在遇到了讲课
妙趣横生的自然科学老师詹金斯先生后，他变得对科学很有兴
趣，现在是一位很成功的自然科学作家。
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Graham was once a difficult student.But after he met Mr Jenkins, his science teacher, who can make class very interesting, he became interested in science and now he is a successful science author.
二、阅读理解
仔细阅读课文“My Teacher & My Student”，选择正确答案。
1．Graham began to like science because________.
A．Mr Jenkins told him science is very important
B．Mr Jenkins made the class lively
C．Mr Jenkins took him outside and built a rocket
D．he had to pass the science exam
B
2．Why did Graham often think of Mr Jenkins ____
A ． Because it was Mr Jenkins who asked him to explain
science to audience for the first time.
B ． Because it was Mr Jenkins who helped him out in
everything.
C．Because Mr Jenkins forgave him when he broke the school
rules.
D．Because Mr Jenkins were both strict and kind-hearted.
A
3．What can we learn from the article ____
A．Mr Jenkins' teaching method was so traditional that many
students were very upset.
B．Mr Jenkins loved teaching very much but he would give it
up soon.
C．Graham was diligent and hard-working.
D．Graham was a difficult student before he met Mr Jenkins.
D
4 ． The following are Mr Jenkins' ideas to deal with the
teaching problems EXCEPT ________.
A．making the class interesting
B ． suggesting that the government should put more mo-ney
towards education
C．suggesting a small size of a class
D．choosing a job with less stress
D
5 ． Mr Jenkins' suggestion for the present education is that
________.
A ．the government should put more money towards science
education
B．the more and more students should study science hard
C．more money should be spent in doing experiments
D．students should be treated strictly
A
The only thing I can remember from school maths is
that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! (P40,
Passage 1, Para.1)现在我对在学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一
的东西是一个三角形的内角和等于 180 度！
1．add up to 合计达，总计
点拨 add up to 后面常接合计起来的数目。如：
His whole school education added up to no more than one
year.
他所接受的全部的学校教育加起来不到一年。
拓展 add to 添加，增加
add...to 把……加到……上
add up 把……加起来
运用 用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)The money he spent added ________ more than $1,000.
(2)The wonderful song added ________ our pleasure.
(3)If you add two ________ five, you get seven.
(4)Add ________ all the money I owe you.
up to
to
to
up
I remember that he let me pour some powder into the
rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.(P40,
Passage 1, Para.2)我还记得他让我把一些火药倒进火箭里，然
后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。
2．pour vt.倒，灌 vi.倾泻
典例 She poured wine into the glasses.
她把酒倒入玻璃杯。
Sweat poured down form his face.
汗珠不断从他的脸上流下来。
拓展 pour into 涌入
pour out 倾诉，倾吐
运用 完成句子
(1)She ________________ (为自己倒了) a cup of tea.
(2)The crowd ________________ (涌入) the concert hall.
(3)She ________________ (诉说) her worries to the doctor.
poured herself
poured into
poured out
3．set off 使爆炸；引发；出发
典例 On this day we set off fireworks in many places.
很多地方在这一天都燃放烟花。
We set off for London just after ten.
刚过十点，我们就动身去了伦敦。
拓展 set out 启程；陈述
set free 释放
set fire to 点燃
set an example 树立榜样
set up 建立
set about 开始；着手
运用 用 set 构成的短语的适当形式填空
(1)It is difficult for us to ________________ a school within a
month.
(2)Having
said
goodbye
to
their
friends,
they
________________ for home.
(3)He ________________ the reason for his decision in his
report.
(4)I accidentally pressed the button and ________________
the alarm clock.
(5)We ________________ our task at once with great
enthusiasm.
set up
set off/out
set out
set off
set about
...but it was probably because I lacked confidence in
myself.(P40, Passage 1, Para.3)……但那也许是因为我太缺乏
自信了。
4．lack vt.缺乏，没有 n．[U]缺乏，不足
典例 He lacks common sense.他缺乏常识。
The plants died for lack of water.
那些植物因缺水而枯死了。
拓展 lack of 缺乏
运用 完成句子
(1)I don't ________________ (什么也不缺)．
(2)He can not buy it because of his ______________ (缺钱)．
lack anything
lack of money
The thing about being a teacher is that you have access
to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.(P40,
Passage 2, Para.3)作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望
学习时进入他们的思想。
5．access n．(使用或见到的)机会，权利
点拨 (1)access 后常接介词 to。如：
Only high officials had access to the president.
只有高级官员才有机会接近总统。
(2)access 还可意为“接近或进入之路”。如：
The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.
到那座古堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。
拓展 have/gain access to 可以获得/接近……
运用 完成句子
(1)The only ________________ ( 通 路 ) the farmhouse is
across the fields.
(2)Many divorced fathers only ________________ (有权接近)
their children at weekends.
access to
have access to
And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like
Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm
doing is worthwhile.(P40, Passage 2, Para.3)如果我作为老师所
做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为如此成功的
一个成年人，那么我知道我做的一切都是值得的。
6．worthwhile adj.值得努力的
点拨
worthwhile 常 作 表 语 ， 用 于 句 型 “it is worthwhile
doing/to do sth.”中，意为“值得做某事”。如：
I don't think it is worthwhile to explain/explaining to him.He
simply can't understand us.
我觉得不值得跟他解释，他根本就无法理解我们。
辨析 worthwhile/worthy/worth
(1)worthwhile 表示“值得的，值得努力的，值得花时间/金
钱/精力的”，在句中一般作定语、表语或宾补，常用于句型“It
is worthwhile doing/to do sth.”。如：
Nursing is a very worthwhile career.
护理是很值得干的职业。(定语)
The visit to Paris is worthwhile.
去巴黎访问是值得的。(表语)
(2)worthy 表示“应得，配得上，值得”，常作表语或后置
定语，后接不定式或“of＋名词或动名词”。如：
His behavior is worthy of great praise.
他的行为应受到高度赞扬。
The book is worthy of being read.
＝The book is worthy to be read.这本书值得读。
(3)worth 表示“值，值得”，可作表语或后置定语，其后
接名词或动名词(表被动含义)作宾语，不接不定式。表示“很/
非常值得”时，worth 用 well 修饰。如：
The book is worth $100.这本书值 100 美元。
The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得看。
运用 用上面所提供的辨析词填空
(1)It is _________ to visit Beijing.
(2)One who does his duty is ________ of praise.
(3)The exhibition is ________ a visit.
worthwhile
worthy
worth
1 ．The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his
school bag behind him and looking bored, but as soon as I set
up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using
acid and an onion, he gave me his full attention.(P40, Passage 2,
Para.1)他第一天走进我的课室，他看起来很烦闷，书包拖在身
后，但是我一开始用洋葱和酸做实验展示人类的胃是怎样工作
的时候，他马上就聚精会神地听我讲课。
点拨 本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。 前一个分句中，
“he was dragging his school bag behind him and looking bored”是
主句， “The first day he walked into my class”是时间状语从句；
后一个分句中， “he gave me his full attention”是主句， as soon
as 引导时间状语从句，从句中又含有一个由 how 引导的宾语从
句。
拓展
在英语中，the instant/the moment/the minute/the hour/
the day/the years 等名词短语可以用来引导时间状语从句，相当
于从属连词。
运用 完成句子
(1)I knew we would be good friends________________ (第一
次) I met her.
(2)She recognized me ________________ (那一刻) I came in.
the first time
the instant/moment
2 ． And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like
Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm
doing is worthwhile.(P40, Passage 2, Para.3)如果我作为老师所
做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为如此成功的
一个成年人，那么我知道我做的一切都是值得的。
点拨
本句是一个复合句 。 And 表示承接上下文 ；
“if...adult”是条件状语从句，其主语是“what I do as a teacher”，
doing is worthwhile”
谓语是“can help turn... into...”； “what I'm
这个主系表结构作 know 的宾语。
运用 完成句子
He said ________________ ( 他 所 能 做 的 ) as a doctor
________________________________ (就是挽救病人的生命)．
what he could do
was (to) save the lives of the patients
1．精彩文段采撷
It's difficult teaching nowadays.There are lots of problems and
not enough money.The government should have put more money
towards science education.And I wish they would decrease the size
of classes—it's not easy doing lessons in laboratories with big
groups and it must be even worse in the poorer schools! At least
with schools like ours, we have laboratories！如今教书不那么容易
了，有许多问题，经费紧张。政府应该给自然科学的教育多拨
些款。我还希望他们能减少班级的人数——在实验室上课时，
小组人数过多不太好操作。比较穷的学校里情况一定更差！至
少在像我们这样的学校里，我们有实验室！
2．解析
主题句：It's difficult teaching nowadays.
拓 展 句 1 ： There are lots of problems and not enough
money.(说明主题句)
次要拓展句：The government should have put more money
towards science education.(进一步说明拓展句)
拓 展 句 2 ： And I wish they would decrease the size of
classes—it's not easy doing lessons in laboratories with big groups
and it must be even worse in the poorer schools！(说明主题句)
次 要 拓 展 句 ： At least with schools like ours, we have
laboratories！(进一步说明拓展句)
3．仿写
原作文材料
主题句：我选择乘火车旅行有三个理由。
拓展句 1：理由之一“安全”。
拓展句 2：理由之二“经济”。
拓展句 3：理由之三“舒适”。
拓展
主题句：我选择乘火车旅行有三个理由。
拓展句 1：理由之一“安全”，(次要拓展句)很少听说火车
翻车越轨；同时火车很少受天气的影响。
拓展句 2：理由之二“经济”，(次要拓展句)火车车费比飞
机便宜，比公交车要节省时间。
拓展句 3：理由之三“舒适”，(次要拓展句)火车比较宽敞，
沿路可以观赏窗处美丽的风景。
My choice of traveling by train is based on the following three reasons.Firstly, traveling by train is the safest way of transportation.Seldom have we heard of train accident because train runs on tracks and is hardly affected by weather.Secondly, it is very economic to travel by train.Train ticket won't cost so much as that of air flight, and traveling by train saves much more time than sitting in a bus.Finally, it is comfortable to sit in a train which is spacious and offers a good view of the landscape outside the window.
所发生事情 宾语从句谓语动词形式
与将来事实情况相反 would/could/might＋动词原形
与现在事实情况相反 did/were
与过去事实情况相反 had done
wish 与 should have done 的用法
一、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
如：
She wishes she had more money.
她真希望有更多的钱。
I wish you had come to the lecture.
但愿你当时听了报告。
I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。
二、should have done 的用法
表示强烈的责备，意为“本应该……，结果……”。如：
You should have told me earlier that you weren't able to come.
你本应该早点儿告诉我你不能来的。
You shouldn't have failed this time.
你这次不应该不及格的。
完成句子
1．I wish ________________ (我知晓一切) in the world.
2．We wish we ________________ (有翅膀).
3 ． I wish that I ________________ ( 和 你 一 起 去 了 ) last
night.
4．I wish that some day people __________________ (可以生
活在月球上)．
5．I wish it ________________ (是春天) all the year round.
6．—I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You ________________ (本应该告诉她) last week.
I knew everything
had wings
had gone with you
could live on the moon
were spring
should have told her(共53张PPT)
Unit 15
Warm-up & Lesson 1
Learning
Life-long Learning
一、概括课文大意
快速阅读课文“The Importance of Life-long Learning”，以
约 30 词概括文章的大意。
提示：当今时候，越来越多的人意识到学习的重要性，所
以许多不同年龄、不同背景的人都尽力地去寻找不同的方式进
修以提高自己。
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Nowadays, more and more people realize the importance of study, so a lot of people of various ages and backgrounds try to find different ways to continue learning to upgrade themselves.
二、阅读理解
仔细阅读课文“The Importance of Life-long Learning”，选
择正确答案。
1 ． Which of the following statements about Sun Wen is
TRUE ____
A．After he had failed his college entrance exam, he went to a
high school to study again.
B ． Although he couldn't succeed in passing the college
entrance exam, he will still get a degree.
C．He is studying for a degree by distance learning full-time.
D．He works in the evenings and on weekends part-time.
B
2．When Ms Tang was laid off, ________.
A．she knew she had done something wrong
B．she became very calm
C．she looked pretty fed up
D．she was told that the company was not doing so well
B
3 ． What does the saying “You can't teach an old dog new
tricks.” mean ____
A．It is very hard to train a dog professionally.
B．It is difficult to get rid of a bad habit.
C．It is often difficult to get old people to try new ways.
D ． The old are not intelligent enough to accept new
happenings.
C
4．The following are the reasons why Grandpa Chen became
an Internet user except ________.
A．the postage went up a few months ago
B ． it was convenient for him to keep in touch with his
daughter in America
C．he did not need to see his daughter and his grand-children
in person through the Internet
D．he retired and had nothing to do
D
5 ．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to
the text ____
A ． Many people of various ages and backgrounds are
continuing to study to improve themselves at present.
B ． Sun Wen will graduate from Qinghua University with a
Master's Degree in Civil Engineering by distance learning.
C．Now Ms Tang is a full-time housewife.
D．Grandpa Chen learned how to use the Internet by himself.
A
Because of my new qualification, I'm getting promoted
at work.(P36, Para.2)因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋
升。
1．qualification n．资格，资历
点拨 qualification 除了有“资格，资历”的意思，还可意
为“限制，限定性条件”。如：
He has no qualification for this job.
他没有资格从事这项工作。
I can recommend him for the post without qualification. 我愿
意无条件地推荐他担任该职。
拓展 qualify v．使具备资格
be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事
be qualified for 具备……资格的；适合担任……的
运用 完成句子
After ____________________ (获得资格), he _____________
(有资格) teach Japanese.
getting the qualification
is qualified to
I decided to give myself a second chance by studying
for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a
secure full-time job.(P36, Para.3)我决定再给自己一次机会，在
保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习
以取得学位。
2．secure adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的 vt.使安全；保卫
典例 The document shall be kept in a secure place.
文件应保管在安全的地方。
Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against the
shifting sand.
应采取措施确保农田免受流沙侵袭。
拓展 be secure of 对……有把握；确信
feel secure about 对……(觉得)放心
secure...from/against 使……免受(侵害等)
运用 完成句子
(1)The workers need ________________ (一把稳固的梯子)．
(2)I ________________ (确信) his coming.
(3)He will ________________ ( 保 证 ) there will be no
difficulty.
a secure ladder
am secure of
secure that
Frankly speaking, the last four years have been hard
work, but it's been worth it！(P36, Para.3)坦白地说，过去的四
年一直很辛苦，但是很值得！
3．frankly speaking 坦率地说
典例
Frankly speaking, I don't think the plan will succeed.
坦白地说，我认为这个计划不会成功。
拓展 generally speaking 一般来说
exactly speaking 准确地说
strictly speaking 严格地说
运用 完成句子
(1)________________ (坦白说), I don't care.
(2)________________ ( 严格地说), he's not qualified for the
job.
Frankly speaking
Strictly speaking
Three months ago, when my manager told me that I
would be laid off, my mind went blank and my heart swelled
with anger.(P36, Para.4)三个月前，当经理告诉我，我将要下岗
时，我的脑子一片空白，心中充满愤怒。
4．lay off 裁员；解雇
典例 The company laid off 100 workers last week.
这个公司上周解雇了一百名工人。
拓展 lay down 放下
lay aside 把……搁置起来；积蓄
运用 完成句子
(1)My mother ________________ (下岗) last year.
(2)They ________________ (放下了) their arms.
was laid off
laid down
5．go blank 变得一片空白
点拨 go blank 为系表结构。如：
My mind went completely blank and I forgot what I was to do.
我的脑子一片空白，连我要做什么都忘记了。
运用 完成句子
When
I
heard
the
shocking
news,
my
mind ___________
(一片空白)．
went blank
I suspect that they laid me off because the company was
not doing that well...(P36, Para.4) 我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公
司经营得不是很好……
6．suspect v．怀疑 n．[C]可疑分子，嫌疑犯
典例
I suspected that there was something wrong with the
engine.我怀疑发动机出了毛病。
Two suspects in connection with the robbery were arrested
today.
与抢劫有关的两个嫌疑人今天被逮捕了。
拓展 suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect that...怀疑……
运用 完成句子
(1)I ________________ (怀疑他) taking away that bag.
(2)Bill's mother ________________ (怀疑) Bill did it.
(3)The police have taken ________________ (嫌疑犯) to the
police station.
suspected him of
suspected that
the suspect
I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and
use the Internet...(P36, Para.8)于是我让孙子教我怎样收发电子
邮件和使用互联网……
7．instruct v．指导，教导
典例 My job is to instruct her in English.
我的工作是教她英语。
拓展 instruct sb.in sth.在某方面教导某人
instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
辨析 instruct/order/command/direct
(1)instruct 意为“指导，教导；指示，命令”，属于正式
用语，强调“有系统地指导”。
(2)order 为常用词，多用于非正式或个人之间下的命令。
(3)command 指“权威方面正式下令”。
(4)direct 意为“指导，指挥，指示”，多指权威性地指导。
运用 完成句子
(1)Mr.White ________________ (教我们) maths.
(2)He ________________ (吩咐我) deliver it to a customer.
instructs us in
instructed me to
And aside from emailing, it's fun to see and talk to my
grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.(P36, Para.8)而且，除了
收发电子邮件，能在网络视频上看到我在美国的孙辈们并与之
交谈也很有意思。
8．aside from 除……之外(＝apart from)
典例 Aside from them, I had no one to talk to.
除了他们之外，我没有其他说话的人。
运用 完成句子
________________ (除……之外) English, I have finished all
my homework.
Aside/Apart from
In the past, if I'd wanted to see them, I would have
had to visit them in person.(P36, Para.8)过去，如果我想见到他
们，我就不得不亲自去他们那儿。
9．in person 亲自(＝personally/oneself)
典例 You may apply for tickets in person or by letter.
你可以亲自来申请也可以来信索票。
运用 完成句子
You needn't have come _______________________ (亲自)．
in person/personally/yourself
本课时单词 拓展词汇 构词法小结
correction n．
改正，改进 correct adj.正确的；合
适的 vt.改正，纠正 1.________为名词后缀，表示
“性质，状态，过程，结果”。
如：construction 建设。
2．________为分词后缀，表
示行为或行为造成的事物的
总称。如：speaking 说话。
3．________和________为名
词后缀，表示人或行为者。
如：protector 保护者； writer
作家。
4．________为动词后缀，表
示“使……化”。如：clarify
澄清，净化。
simplify vt.简
化 simple adj.简单的
user n．使用者 use vt. 使用
spelling n．拼
写 spell vt. 拼写
saying n．格
言，谚语 say v．说
instruct v．指
导，教导 instruction n．命令，指
示；说明
instructor n．导师；教
练
运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．She ________ (simple) the __________ (instruct) so that the
children could understand them.
2．Please look at the _________ (correct) which I've written in
your essay.
3 ．Beach ________ (use) have complained that the bikes are
noisy.
4．He gave his name and then helpfully ________ (spelling) it.
5．There is an old ________ (say) that time is money.
simplified
instructions
corrections
users
spelled
saying
1 ． Nowadays, more and more people of various ages and
backgrounds
are
continuing
to
study
to
improve
themselves.(P36, Para.1)当今，越来越多不同年龄、不同背景的
人在不断地学习以提高自己。
点拨
“be of＋表示年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(color)、
重量(weight)、高度(height)、
价格(price)、意见(opinion)、形
状 (shape) 、 种 类 (kind) 和 方 法 (way) 等 的 名 词 ” 表 示 “ 具
有……”，说明主语的特征。如：
When I was of your age, I entered the war.
当我在你这个年龄的时候，我去打仗了。
These flowers are of different colors.
这些花的颜色都不同。
注意：在此结构中，如果后面的名词前有不定冠词 a/an，
则这个冠词相当于 the same。如：
The two boys are of an/the same age.
这两个男孩同龄。
运用 完成句子
(1)He has several shirts ________________ (不同颜色的)．
(2) He likes to play with the boys ________________ ( 同龄
的)．
of different colors
of an/the same age
2 ．I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a
degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure
full-time job.(P36, Para.3)我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一
份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得
学位。
点拨
句中的“while keeping a secure full-time job”是状
语从句的省略形式，此处省略了 I was。 状语从句的省略有两
种情况：
(1)当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有 be 动词时，从句可
省去主语和 be 动词。如：
If (you are) uncomfortable, you can go home first.
如果你不舒服，你可以先回家。
(2)从句的主语是 it，谓语动词是 be 动词时，从句可省去 it
和 be 动词。如：
When (it is) necessary, you can help us to do something.当有
必要时，你可以帮助我们做一些事。
运用 完成句子
(1)She doesn't know what to say ________________ (当见到)
the foreigners.
(2)________________ (如果可能的话) she wants to go with
us.
when meeting
If possible
3．You can't teach an old dog new tricks.(P36, Para.7)你不能教
一只老狗学会新把戏(或：老狗学不了新把戏)。
点拨
在西方，狗被看作是人类最好的朋友(man's best
friend)。在英语中，由动物构成的短语诙谐幽默、妙趣横生并
且寓意深刻。如：
Every dog has its day.凡人皆有得意之时。
It rains dogs and cats.倾盆大雨。
Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。
运用 完成句子
You are a ________________ (幸运儿)．
lucky dog
4 ．So many people think that after you retire, all you can
do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever
learnt.(P36, Para.9)许多人认为退休后你所能做的就是不动脑
筋，将所学的一切抛在一边。
点拨
当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，be 动
词后的不定式可以省略 to。如：
The only thing he did in class was nod in sleep.
他上课时所做的唯一一件事就是打瞌睡。
拓展 be 动词后不定式 to 的省略和“do nothing but do”句型
可以互相转换。如：
All she does is complain.
＝She can do nothing but complain.她就知道抱怨。
运用 完成句子
The only thing ___________________ ( 他做的就是吃和睡)
all day.
＝He _______________________ (除了吃和睡没做别的)
he did was eat and sleep
did nothing but eat and sleep
all day.
1．精彩文段采撷
“It's never too late to learn.” That was the advice I got after I
failed my college entrance exam.Now I'm about to graduate from
the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a
Bachelor's
Degree
in
Computer
Engineering
by
distance
learning.Because of my new qualification, I'm getting promoted at
work.“学习永远都不会太晚”，这是我在高考失败后得到的忠
告。现在我即将从清华大学的继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教
育课程获得计算机工程专业的学士学位。因为我拥有的新资质，
我在工作上得以晋升。
2．解析
主题句：It's never too late to learn.(谚语或名言)
拓展句：That was the advice I got after I failed my college
entrance exam.(进一步说明主题句)
次要拓展句 1：Now I'm about to graduate from the School of
Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's
Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.( 举例说明
主题句)
次要拓展句 2：Because of my new qualification, I'm getting
promoted at work.(进一步说明拓展句)
3．仿写
原作文材料
主题句：“时间就是金钱”，这句话我认为不正确。
拓展句 1：我们能够靠工作赚钱。
拓展句 2：许多人不知爱惜时光。
拓展
主题句：“时间就是金钱”，这句话我认为不正确。
拓展句 1：我们能够靠工作赚钱，(次要拓展句)但无论如何
都无法把时间争取回来。
拓展句 2：许多人不知爱惜时光，(次要拓展句)这确实是可
惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间就等于浪费生命。
An English proverb says that time is money.I consider it wrong.Why Because we all know that we can earn money by work but can not in any way get back time.For this reason, we may say that time is more valuable than money.Many people do not know the value of time.It is indeed a great pity.We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting our life.
虚拟条件句
一、虚拟条件句的概念
虚拟条件句表示所说的话是非真实的或者不可能发生的情
况，它是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。
虚拟情况 从句谓语动词时态 主句谓语动词时态
与现在事
实相反 一般过去时
(be 动词用 were) would/should/could/might
＋动词原形
与过去事
实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might
＋have done
与将来事
实相反 一般过去时/were to/
should＋动词原形 would/should/could/might
＋动词原形
二、虚拟条件句的种类
虚拟条件句有以下三种情况：与现在事实相反；与过去事
实相反；与将来事实相反。虚拟条件句的基本结构如下：
其中，情态动词的选用由所表达的意义决定：would(会)表
示可能； should (应该)表示义务或责任； could (能够)表示具
备条件； might 表示主观可能。如：
If it hadn't been so hot last summer, we couldn't have sold so
many air-conditioners.
要是去年夏天没那么热，我们就不可能卖那么多空调。
If he had known more about what was going on, he might
have decided what to do.
要是他对将要发生的事情知道得更多，他可能就能决定做
什么。
If I had a camera, I would take some pictures of the beautiful
scenery.
要是我有一台照相机，我肯定会拍些美景的照片。
If Ann were to admit it, I shouldn't quarrel with her.
要是安承认，我就不应该与她争吵。
1．错综时间条件句(混合条件句)
当主句和从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句的
谓语形式会因时间的不同而不同(应对方法：熟记虚拟条件句三
种情况中主从句的谓语形式的变化)。如：
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student
now.要是你之前努力学习，现在就是一名大学生了。
2．if 省略句
虚拟条件句中的 if 从句部分如果含有 were/should/had，可
将 if 省略，再把 were/should/had 提到从句句首，变为倒装句
式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
要是我再上学，我将会更努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
要是你早点来，就可以赶上这趟公交车了。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
要是明天下雨，我们就不去爬山。
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能
用动词的缩写形式。如：
Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(√)
Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.(×)
要不是因为费用问题，我现在就出国了。
3．含蓄条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其
他手段来暗示虚拟条件句。这类隐含式的虚拟条件句往往都可
以转化为由 if 引导的条件句。
(1)由介词或介词短语暗示虚拟结构。常见的介词或介词短
语有：without (没有), but for (要不是)等。如：
Without electricity (＝If there were no electricity), human life
would quite different today.
要是没有电，人类今天的生活将会不一样。
But for the meeting ( ＝ If it hadn't been for the meeting), I
would have gone to your party last night.
要不是那个会议，昨晚我就去参加你的聚会了。
(2)由并列连词或副词暗示虚拟结构。常见的并列连词或副
词有：but, or, otherwise (要不然)等。如：
I would have gone to America with my friend, but I was
stopped by my mother.
要不是我妈妈阻止，我肯定和朋友去美国了。
He didn't get up earlier this morning; otherwise, he would
have caught the first bus.
今早他要是早点起床，他肯定能赶上第一趟班车。
三、其他类型的虚拟条件句
1．表示命令、要求、建议、坚持的动词后接的宾语从句为
虚拟条件句
此时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，
其中 should 可省去。这样的动词有： 一个坚持 (insist)，两个
命令 (order, command)，三个建议 (advise, suggest, propose)，四
个要求 (demand, require, request, desire)等。如：
He insisted that we (should) walk to there.
他坚持要求我们走路去那儿。
这些动词相应的名词形式后接表语从句、同位语从句时，
谓语动词也用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。如：
My advice is that you (should) practice speaking English as
often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is
reasonable.教育必须改革这个建议是合理的。
2.主语从句为虚拟条件句
在句型“It is necessary/important/impossible/natural/strange/
surprising/funny/right/wrong/a pity/no wonder ＋that 主语从句”
中，从句的谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”。如：
It's important that everybody (should) know all the facts.所有
人都要知道真相，这很重要。
3．状语从句为虚拟条件句
由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示
可能的或与事实相符的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不
符或与事实相反的情况。如：
The teacher treats the pupil as if/though he were her own child.
这位老师把学生当成自己的孩子一样对待。
It looks as if/though it's going to rain.
天好像要下雨了。
4．定语从句为虚拟条件句
“It is (high) time (that)…”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词
用过去式或“should＋动词原形(其中 should 不能省略)”。此句
型意为“(现在)该……”，用来表示提议。如：
It is (high) time that you went/should go to school.
是你去上学的时候了。
5．if only 引导的感叹句为虚拟条件句
If only I were a flying bird!
＝How I wish I were a flying bird!
我要是只飞翔的鸟就好了！
一、同义句转换
1 ． It is necessary for college students to master at least one
foreign language.
It
is
necessary
________________
college
students
________________ at least one foreign language.
2．Without sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.
________________ sunlight, there would be neither plants
nor animals.
3．She insisted on translating the sentence in this way.
She insisted that the sentence _________________ in this way.
that
(should) master
If there were no
(should) be translated
4．The students suggested going there on foot.
The students suggested ________________ there on foot.
5．She suggested that we should take his help.
________________ is that we ________________ his help.
6．Lucy didn't come to class today because she didn't feel well.
________________ well, Lucy ________________ to class
today.
7．I don't know French, so I can't talk to the French friends.
If I ________________ French, I ________________ talk to
the French friends.
they (should) go
Her suggestion
(should) take
Had she felt
would have come
knew
could
8 ． He didn't take his parents' advice and he is not a college
student now.
If
he
________________
his
parents'
advice,
he
________________ a college student now.
9．The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work.
I couldn't ________________ the work ________________
the professor's help.
10．It's 10 o'clock now.We should start out.
It's (high) time that we _____________________.
had taken
would be
have finished
without
should start/started out
二、完成句子
1．He completely ignored all these facts, ________________
_______________(好像它们根本不存在似的)．
2．I think _________________________________________
______________ (是她拿定主意的时候了)．
3．If only my friend ______________________________ (和
我一起在这儿) now!
4 ． She suggested that ______________________________
(我们每天写英文日记)．
5．The picture exhibition was very boring; I ______________
___________(要是没去就好了)．
as if/though they had
never existed
it is high time that she made up her mind/should
make up her mind
were here with me
we (should) keep English diary every day
wish I had not
been there(共9张PPT)
Writing
A personal essay (个人随笔)
【常用句型】
1．At the moment, I…It's quite...
2 ． My perfect...would be...There would also be...for
example, ...
3．Besides, there would be many...such as...
4．In my opinion, there would be...
5．There would be...in order to/so as to...
6 ． In conclusion/In a word/On the whole, I think my
perfect...would have...
【重点词汇】
1．并列关系：
and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only...but also...,
both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor...
2．因果关系：
because, because of, now that, thanks to, due to, as a result of,
otherwise, so/such...that, so that
3．让步关系
though/although, as, even if/though, whether...or..., however,
whatever
4．递进关系
besides, even, in addition (to), moreover, what's more, to make
matter worse
5．转折关系
but, yet, while, though, or, on the contrary, on the other hand,
in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead,
after all
6．表目的
for this reason, in order to, so that, for this purpose, so as to
7．表举例
for example, such as, like, take...for example
8．条件关系
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as
9．陈述事实
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth
10．总结
in a word, in general, in short, at
in conclusion, to sum up,
last, in summary, on the whole
【写作模板】
1．简要介绍随笔，可以是一些与主题相关的个人信息或历
史背景：
At the moment, I go to a senior high school in my
hometown.It's quite...
2．说说理想学校的地理位置，描述某些比较特殊的建筑或
设施等：
My perfect school would be in the centre of the city, but near
a...There would also be computers...
3．谈谈功课表上的科目：
Students
would
study
all
the
school
subjects
such
as...However,
there would also be some new optional subjects,
for example, literary appreciation...
4．说说学生可以参加的课外活动：
There would be many after-school interest groups, such as...
5．总结你认为理想学校最重要的是什么：
In conclusion, I think my school would have a good variety of
activities—something for everyone.
你对自己现在就读的学校的环境、教育设施、课程安排表
等感到满意吗？如果不满意请说说你理想中的学校。以“My
Perfect School”为题写一篇英语短文。
内容包括：
1．简要介绍你现在就读的学校；
2．说说你理想的学校应位于什么地方，具备哪些教育设施；
3．在理想的学校中学生应该学哪些课程，学生应该有哪些
课外活动；
4．总结一下你理想的学校最重要的是什么。
作文要求：
内容要包括上述 4 点，可适当增加信息，字数 120 个左右。
参考范文：
My Perfect School
At the moment, I am studying in Lida School in my hometown.My life there is quite boring most of the time because it is located in a small village.Except attending to classes we have no alternatives.What's more, the timetable was very dull and there were no computers.
My perfect school would be in the centre of the city, but near a park, where we could take a walk after class.There would also be computer rooms, so we could get the information we
need during study.Students would study all the school subjects such as maths, science, Chinese, music, P．E.However, there would be also some new optional subjects, for example, literary appreciation, which very interests most students.There would be many after school interest groups, such as film club, chess association, football club, basketball club.
In conclusion, I think my perfect school would have a good variety of activities—something for everyone.(共35张PPT)
Lesson 4 Understanding
一、概括课文大意
快速阅读课文“Understanding”，以约 30 词概括文章的大意。
提示：人们通过各种学习活动获得知识和理解。不过在古
代，多数人是保守且不敢挑战权威的。幸亏有了像培根和伽利
略这样的人，我们今天的文明才得以建立起来。
People gain knowledge and understanding through diffe rent activities of study today.However, in the ancient time most people were too conservative to challenge authority ideas.Thanks to people like Bacon and Galileo, modern civilization has been set up.
二、阅读理解
仔细阅读课文“Understanding”，选择正确答案。
1 ． How did most people learn about things in the 17th
century _______
A．They learned things by asking questions.
B．They learned things by observing the world around them.
C．They were used to thinking and testing.
D．They accepted religious belief and what Aristotle had said.
D
2．How do most people today get answers to things according
to the writer ______
A．They turn to the Internet.
B．They like people in the ancient times get answers to things
by turning to the religious beliefs.
C ．They fail to get the answers to the questions without the
help of a computer.
D ． Francis Bacon's suggestion for getting answers is not
suitable for today's scientists and thinkers.
A
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Francis
Bacon ______
A ． Francis Bacon held an important rank under the rule of
Henry Ⅷ.
B．What Francis Bacon was very interested in was the day to
day bureaucratic details of the government.
C ．He preferred to make assumptions about the world based
on the experience of others.
D．He put forward that asking questions, thinking, observing
and testing were the main features for learning.
D
4 ． Why did people choose to believe in religion and great
people like Aristotle ______
A．Because they wanted to believe the ancient views.
B．Because what the great men said was absolutely true.
C ．Because they were so ignorant that they chose to believe
the church.
D ． Because they didn't want to search for their own
understanding or educate themselves.
D
5．Which of the following images is NOT used to explain how
men like Bacon and Galileo helped educate people ______
A．Shadows.
B．Kingdoms.
C．Civilization.
D．War and money.
C
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and
understanding.(P42, Para.1)我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎
显而易见。
1．acquire vt. 获得，得到
典例 He acquired a good reputation.他获得了好名声。
辨析 acquire/obtain/gain
(1)acquire 指经过不懈努力获得技术、知识等抽象的东西。
(2)obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间而得到所
需要的东西。
(3)gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力，往往指通过竞争
获得某些有价值的东西；另外也可指通过一点一滴的积累而获
得某事物的过程。
运用 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
(1)He________ a good knowledge of biology.
(2)He failed to ________ a scholarship.
(3)He has ________ rich experience in these years.
acquired
obtain
gained
Although today we are more accustomed to typing a
few key words into a search engine...(P42, Para.1)虽然今天我们
更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词……
2．be accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
点拨
be/get accustomed to (doing) sth. ＝ be/get used to
(doing) sth.，意为“习惯于(做)某事”。如：
He was a man who was accustomed/used to having 5 hours'
sleep a night.
他是那种习惯每晚只睡五个小时的人。
拓展 accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于
运用 完成句子
(1)I ________________________ (已经习惯) going to work
(2)You should ________________ ( 使自己习惯 ) the job as
soon as possible.
have been accustomed/used to
on foot.
accustom yourself to
The church and many people tended to ignore the facts
and were unwilling to challenge what they had always
comfortably believed.(P42, Para.2)教会以及很多人倾向于忽视
事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。
3．tend to 往往会，倾向于
典例 People tend to need less sleep as they get older.
人上了年纪，往往会睡得更少。
运用 完成句子
Women ________________ (往往会) live longer than men.
tend to
4．ignore vt.忽视，不顾
典例 I tried to tell her but she ignored me.
我打算告诉她，可是她不理我。
辨析 ignore/overlook/neglect
(1)ignore 指有意识地拒绝、不愿给予注意或故意不予理会，
后面只可接名词、代词或动名词，不可接不定式。
(2)overlook 指由于草率或没有注意到而忽视某事，其后一
般接名词或动名词。
(3)neglect 指没有给予或很少给予必要的注意或关心，尤指
因粗心或遗忘而没有做某事，是非故意行为，后可接名词、不
定式或动名词。
运用 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
(1)I smiled at her but she just ________ me.
(2)It is easy to ________ a small detail like that.
(3)He has ________ to reply to the invitation.
ignored
overlook
neglected
At first, people approved of his studies and urged him
to continue...(P42, Para.3)一开始，人们赞成他的研究，并力劝
他继续……
5．approve of 赞成，赞许
点拨 approve 在此为不及物动词，后接宾语要带介词 of。
如：
Mother doesn't approve of her idea.
母亲不赞成她的想法。
拓展
approve 还可作及物动词，意为“赞成；批准”。
如：The boss approved his plan.老板批准了他的计划。
运用 完成句子
(1)None of my relatives________________ ( 赞 成 ) my
marriage.
(2)The city council________________ (已批准) the new law.
approved of
has approved
6．urge vt.力劝，强烈要求 n．强烈的欲望；迫切的要求
典例 My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job.
朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。
The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。
拓展 urge sb.to do sth.怂恿/力劝某人做某事
urge that-clause 强烈要求……
urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强烈要求某事
have an urge to do sth.迫切想做某事
运用 完成句子
(1)She ________________ (催促我) take a rest.
(2)My parents ________________ ( 力 劝 ) I should study
harder.
(3)When spring comes, I ________________ ( 迫 切 想 ) be
outside.
urged me to
urged that
have an urge to
...more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind,
some might say, than all the money in the world.(P43,
Para.5)……一些人可能会说，和全世界所有的金钱相比，(知识
和理解)对一个人更重要，对人类更有益。
7．beneficial adj.有用的，有益的
典例 One or two glasses of wine a day can be beneficial.
每天喝一两杯葡萄酒是有益的。
拓展 be beneficial to 对……有益
benefit n．利益，好处 vt.有益于，得益
benefit from 受益于……
运用 完成句子
(1)Fresh air ________________ (有益于) our health.
(2)People will ________________ ( 受 益 于 ) the new
invention.
is beneficial to
benefit from
本课时单词 拓展词汇 构词法小结
religion n．宗教 religious adj.宗教
的；虔诚的 1.________为名词后缀，表示
“行为，性质，状态”。如：
civilization 文明。
2．________、________和
________为形容词后缀，表示
“属于……的，倾向于……
的”。如：anxious 担忧的；
essential 必不可少的；
different 不同的。
3．________为否定前缀。如：
unnecessary 不必要的。
4．________为抽象名词后缀。
如：offence 攻击。
defence n．保卫，
保护 defend vt.保卫，
保护
unwilling adj.不情
愿的 willing adj.情愿
的
assumption n．假定，假设 assume vt.假定，
假设
urge vt.力劝，强烈
要求 urgent adj.紧急
的，紧迫的
beneficial adj.有用
的，有益的 benefit n．利益，
好处 vt.有益于，得益
运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．It's ________ (urge), so come quickly!
2 ． Our parents were very ________ (religion) and very
patriotic.
3．The land was flat, giving no scope for ________ (defend)．
4．He is stubborn and ________ (willing) to take advice.
5．I ________ (assumption) that he had gone for a walk.
6．Vitamins are ________ (benefit) to our health.
urgent
religious
defence
unwilling
assumed
beneficial
1 ．At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts
and people like Galileo Galilei (1564 － 1642), who proved
scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the
universe” ， were often punished by the church with no one
coming to their defence.(P42, Para.2)那时人们更多地相信宗教
而不是事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564 －1642) 这样证明了例如
“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常会受到教会惩
罚，没有人来保护他们。
点拨
本句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。 前一个分句是
简单句；后一个分句是主从复合句，其中“people like Galileo
Galilei were often punished by...to their defence”是主句，主句中
含有“with＋宾语＋v.-ing”的结构； “who proved...the Earth is
not the centre of the universe”是非限制性定语从句，修饰 people。
拓展 with 构成的常见复合结构如下：
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词
He looks nervous with everyone staring at him.
每个人都盯着他，他看上去很紧张。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词
With her money lost, she was at a loss what to do.
她的钱丢了，她茫然无措，不知道该做什么。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋副词
The naughty boy stood there before his teacher with his head
down.
这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
(4)with＋名词/代词＋不定式
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time.
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。
(5)with＋名词/代词＋形容词
She walked out in the rain, with her clothes all wet.
她走进雨中，衣服全湿了。
(6)with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.
他手托着下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
运用 完成句子
(1)The student always listens to the teacher_______________
__________ (睁大双眼)．
(2)He left his room ________________ (灯开着)．
(3)Mary felt shy with the whole class ________________ (看
着她)．
(4)With the old man ________________ ( 带路), we are sure
to get there on time.
(5)The
thief
sat
in
the
corner,
with
his
hands
________________ (被绑在椅子上)．
(6)The teacher entered the classroom with________________
(手里拿着一本书)．
with his eyes wide
open
with the light on
looking at her
to lead the way
tied to a chair
a book in his hand
2 ． It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these
ancient views as they had been put forward by the great
philosopher Aristotle.(P42, Para.3)毫不惊奇，人们愿意相信这
些古老的观点，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。
点拨
“It is not surprising that...”是主语从句，意为“……
是毫不奇怪的”；主语从句中 as 引导原因状语从句。
运用 完成句子
________________ ( 毫 不 奇 怪 ) that nowadays more and
more people like surfing the Net, ________________ ( 因 为 ) the
Net helps them get the information (that) they need as quickly as
possible.
It's not surprising
as
3．We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to
know that we don't know it all and probably never will, for that
would mean a world without questions.(P43, Para.2) 我们要感
谢历史上伟人的才智，他们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，也许永
远也不会全懂，如果那样，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。
点拨
本句中有两个 for，第二个 for 引导原因状语从句，
其前面部分为主句；主句中的主干部分是“We need to thank the
great men for the wisdom to know that...”，其中不定式作后置定
语修饰 wisdom, that 引导宾语从句。 英语中，for 引导的原因
状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助
性的补充说明，从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与
主句隔开。 如：
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。
运用 完成句子
She must get up late, ________________ (因为她又迟到了)．
for she is late again
1．精彩文段采撷
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and
understanding.To start with, you need questions.Then, to find
answers, you observe the world around you and study the
facts.After that you consider possible answers and test each to find
the right ones.Although today we are more accustomed to typing a
few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to
spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still
solving the world's problems with this type of analysis—luckily for
us.我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。开始时，你需
要问题。然后，为了找到答案，你观察自己周围的世界，并且
一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。虽然今天我们更习惯于在一
个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们吐出答
案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世
界的问题——这对我们来说很幸运。
2．解析
主题句：It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and
understanding.
拓展句 1：To start with, you need questions.(说明主题句)
拓 展 句 2 ： Then, to find answers, you observe the world
around you and study the facts.(说明主题句)
拓展句 3 ：After that you consider possible answers and test
each to find the right ones.(说明主题句)
次 要 拓 展 句 ： Although today we are more accustomed to
typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the
Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers
are still solving the world's problems with this type of
analysis—luckily for us.(进一步说明拓展句)
3．仿写
原作文材料
主题句：学生考试作弊的原因。
拓展句 1：考试偏多、偏难。
拓展句 2：学生学习不用功、懒惰。
拓展
主题句：学生考试作弊的原因。
拓展句 1：考试偏多、偏难，(次要拓展句)想取悦父母、老
师。
拓展句 2：学生学习不用功、懒惰，(次要拓展句)考试作弊
导致学习上更加懒惰。
It is known to us all that there are several reasons for students to cheat in examinations at school.Firstly, as students, they often take examinations at school, but sometimes they have too many exams which are too hard for them.In order to get better exam results to please their parents and teachers, they take risks to cheat in the exams.Secondly, instead of working hard to achieve their aim, they idle their time away.So when taking exams, they sometimes cheat, which leads to their further laziness in study.(共13张PPT)
Communication Workshop
1．adapt vt.(使)适应
vi.适应
点拨
(1)adapt 作及物动词时，常用搭配为：adapt oneself to
sth.使自己适应某物(新情况)。如：
We have had to adapt ourselves quickly to the new system. 我
们不得不迅速适应新制度。
(2)adapt 作及物动词还可意为“改编；修改”，常用搭配为：
adapt sth.for sth.把……改写为……。如：
This novel has already been adapted for television.
这部小说已改编成电视剧。
(3)adapt 还可作不及物动词，意为“适应”，后常接介词 to。
如：
He has not yet adapted to the climate.
他还没有适应这种气候。
辨析 adapt/adjust
(1)adapt 指“修改或改变以适应新条件或新环境”。
(2)adjust 指“调整，调节”使之适应。
运用 完成句子
(1)We quickly ________________ (适应了) cold weather.
(2)It is not easy to________________ ( 使 自 己 适 应 ) new
conditions.
(3)The author is going to ________________ his play
________________ (把……改编成) film.
adapted to
adapt oneself to
adapt
for
2．as a whole 总的来说
点拨
as a whole 在句中的位置比较灵活，既可以放在句
末，也可以放在句首或句中。如：
There are some areas of poverty, but the country as a whole is
fairly prosperous.
这个国家有些地区比较贫困，但总的来说是相当富裕的。
辨析 as a whole/on the whole
(1)as a whole 表示“从整个来看；就全体而言”。如：
I analyzed his words as a whole.
我是把他的言论作为一个整体来分析的。
(2)on the whole 表示“大体上；基本上；整体上”。如：
My opinion, on the whole, is the same as yours.
我的意见大体上和你的相同。
运用 完成句子
(1)Is this true just in this country, or in the world
________________ (总的来说)
(2)________________ ( 大 体 上 来 说 ), I am in favor of the
idea.
as a whole
On the whole
In conclusion, I think my school would have a good
variety of activities—something for everyone.(P45, Writing,
Ex.1)最后，我认为我们学校可以拥有各种各样的、适合每个人
的活动。
3．in conclusion 最后，总之
典例
In conclusion, I'd like to say that you have to spend
more time reading English passages.
最后，我想说你们必须多读英语文章。
拓展
表示总结性的短语还有：to sum up, to summarize, in
summary, as mentioned above, in short, in a word, in brief, all in all,
on the whole 等。
运用 完成句子
________________ (最后), I'd like to thank you for all you've
done for me.
In conclusion
1．What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of
studying abroad (P44, Speaking, Ex.1)你认为出国深造的优点
和缺点是什么？
点拨
该句是一个复杂的特殊疑问句。句中包含有插入语
“do you think”，也可以认为是由两种类型的疑问句混合而成，
所以又叫“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”，常用来征询对方
对某一观点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说
过的话，口语中出现频率较高，常用动词有：say, believe, imagine,
guess, suppose, suggest 等。 两个疑问句混合之后，特殊疑问句
的形式或语序要发生变化(特殊疑问句中的疑问词作主语的情
况除外)。如：
When do you suppose they will come back
你认为他们什么时候回来？
Who do you think is the right person
你认为谁是合适的人选？
运用 完成句子
(1)Where do you think ________________ ( 他 找 到 了 他 的
书)
(2)What ________________ ( 你认为) the weather is like in
Canada
(3)____________________ (你说多久) he would stay here
he found his book
do you think
How long did you say
2．As well as the subjects on the timetable, there would be many
after-school interest groups, such as chess, choir, photography
and sports.(P45, Writing, Ex.1)除了时间表上包括的一些科目，
还有许多课外兴趣活动小组，诸如国际象棋、合唱团、摄影及
体育锻炼等。
点拨 as well as 意为“除了……以外还……；和……一样
也……”。其后接附加信息，用以衬托前面所说的重点。当放
于句首时，其相当于 in addition to。 如：
As well as/In addition to breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他
不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。
English, as well as Chinese and math, is of great importance.
同语文和数学一样，英语很重要。
拓展
(1)as well as 通常连接两个对等的成分，即 as well as
之前和之后的成分相同，同为主语、宾语、表语等。如：
The girl is lively as well as healthy.(连接两个表语)
这女孩既健康又活泼。
(2)as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语
确定，即通常所说的“就前一致原则”。如：
The teacher as well as all the students enjoys English classes.
和学生们一样，这个老师也喜欢英语课。
(3)as well as 可用于表达同级比较，well 为副词，意思是
“和……一样好”。如：
He speaks English as well as a native speaker.
他英语说得同母语是英语的人一样好。
运用 完成句子
(1)You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as
________________________ (照顾孩子)．
(2)E-mail,
________________
( 和 电 话 一 样 ),
________________ now playing an important part in daily
communication.
(3)She can play the basketball ________________ (和……一
样好) her brother.
look after the children
as well as telephones
is
as well as
