(共11张PPT)
Period Ⅱ
Grammar
过去分词用法(I)：作定语和表语
①So many thousands of terrified people died every time there
was an outbreak.
②He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty
water from London.
③But he became inspired when he thought about helping
ordinary people...
④He became interested in two theories that...
分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作
用，可以作定语、表语、状语等。分词有两种，一种是现在分
词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中担当的成分大体相
同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有
被动和完成两大含义。
一、过去分词作定语
1.单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词之前，如句
①；也可后置，用以强调动作。如：
boiled water 开水， fallen leaves 落叶， selected apples 精
选苹果， cooked food 熟食
Could you provide me the information analysed
你能给我那些分析过的信息吗？
2.过去分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰词之后，相当于
一个定语从句 ， 如句 ② 中的 polluted by the dirty water from
London＝that is polluted by the dirty water from London。又如：
Near the window there is a bookshelf filled with books ( ＝
which is filled with books)．
靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。
Her daughter, brought up by me ( ＝ who was brought up by
me), has begun to work now.
由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。用作
表语的过去分词，主要表示动作的完成和事物的状态。此时的
过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟 by 短语。如：
The book is broken.书破了。
The house is crowded.这房子很拥挤。
2.当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态
或思想感情等，如句③④。又如：
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
当我们听到这件事，我们被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite satisfied with the idea.
他似乎对这个想法很满意。
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．This is the severely __________ (pollute) lake I mentioned
to you the other day.
2．The manager was very _________ (satisfy) with the project
already __________ (complete) by Wang Fei.
3．Huang Lin _________ (educate) in Germany has the ability
to deal with such a situation well.
4．We were ___________ (inspire) to have seen the inspiring
leader.
polluted
satisfied
completed
educated
inspired
5．All of us were _________ (puzzle) by the puzzling question
_________ (raise) by a little girl.
6．There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the
actress appeared.
7．Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ (know)
only to people with specific knowledge.
8．When I came in, they were ________ (absorb) in a heated
discussion.
puzzled
raised
excited
known
absorbed
二、完成句子
1．在会议上提出的问题对我们来说很严重。
The problem ____________ at the meeting is serious to us.
2．为了把英语学好，你应该提高你的口头和书面英语。
In order to learn English well, you should improve your
______________________________.
3．不要担心。在结冰的湖上滑冰是相当安全的。
Don't worry.It's quite safe skating on the ______________.
4．被邀请来音乐会的老师到了。
The teachers _____________ the concert arrived.
put forward
spoken and written English
frozen lake
invited to
5．我在王老师的课堂上感觉乏味，想睡觉，因为她总是用
着一样的嗓音。
I ______________ and sleepy in Miss Wang's lessons, since
she is always using the same voice.
6．被损坏的自行车送到了修理工那里。
____________________ was sent to the repairman.
7．那个叫汤姆的男孩在车祸中受伤了。
___________________________ was hurt in the car accident.
8．他在八岁的时候就对科学研究感兴趣。
He _________________ scientific research at the age of eight.
feel bored
The damaged bike
The boy named/called Tom
was interested in
三、翻译句子
1．大城市的清洁女工通常是按钟点付报酬。(pay)
______________________________________________________
2. 这个演讲是如此的鼓舞人心,以致他们都很兴奋。(inspire,
excite)
______________________________________________________
3．当他想到要长时间暴晒在太阳下，他异常沮丧。(expose,
depress)
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4．昨晚被邀请去舞会的大部分艺术家给我留下了深刻的印
象。(invite)
______________________________________________________
Cleaning women in big cities are usually paid by the hour.
The speech was so inspiring that they were all very excited.
He felt extremely depressed when he thought he had to be
exposed to the sunlight for a long time.
Most artists invited to the party last night left me a deep impression.(共26张PPT)
Period Ⅳ
Writing
原句1
John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed
( 插 入 语 ), that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal
physician.(教材 P2)约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的
确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
点评
这个长句是由三个简单句合并而成：
①John Snow was a famous doctor in London.
②He was expert.
③He attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
合并之第一步：由于句②和句③之间有“如此……以至
于……”的逻辑关系，可以用“so...that...”将其合并：He was so
expert that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
合并之第二步：省去第②句的 he was，改用破折号引出后
面的内容，再在其后加入插入语。
仿写
①张老师是个热心的老师。他那么善良，我想，当他的学
生遇到麻烦时他一定乐意帮助他们。
(提示：热心的 warm-hearted)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
②李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋，我想不到
晚上 11 点他不会上床睡觉的。
( 提示：用功的，勤奋的 hard-working/diligent; 直到……
才…… not...till/until...)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Mr.Zhang is a warm hearted teacher—so kind, I think/I believe/
I suppose, that he is sure to help his students when they are in trouble.
Li Ping is a hard working boy in my class—so diligent,
I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night.
原句2
Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical
calculations led to the same conclusion：that the earth was not the
centre of the solar system.(教材 P7)虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那
些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地
球不是太阳系的中心。
点评
这个长句是由三个简单句合并而成：
①He had tried to ignore them.
②All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.
③The earth was not the centre of the solar system.
合并之第一步：句①和句②之间有“尽管……但是……”
的逻辑关系，我们可以用 although 将其合并。
合并之第二步：句③是解释说明 conclusion 的具体内容，
可以用冒号加 that 从句充当同位语从句。
仿写
①虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出的结
论是：她的实验结果是错误的。
(提示：收集证据 collect evidence(s))
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Though she didn't believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that the result of her experiment was wrong.
②他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他从这学期所经历的失败中得出
的结论是：不劳不获。
(提示：经历失败 experience the failure; 不劳不获 no pains,
no gains.)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Though he was very clever, he didn't work hard and all his failures that he experienced in this term led to the conclusion: that no pains, no gains.
原句3
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the
planets going round it and only the moon still going round the
earth.(教材 P7)他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则
围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
点评
这个长句是由三个简单句合并而成：
①He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system.
②He had the planets going round it.
③He only had the moon still going round the earth.
合并之第一步：句②和句③之间有并列的逻辑关系，可以
用 and 将其合并：He had the planets going round it and only (had)
the moon still going round the earth.
合并之第二步：句①和句②之间有伴随关系，可用“with
＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构来表示。
仿写
①当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛
和两幢高大的楼房。(提示：花坛 flower bed)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and two large buildings.
②他看到花朵在点头，叶子在跳舞，风儿正在柔声歌唱。
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
He saw flowers nodding and leaves dancing with the wind singing softly.
描述一位科学家
本单元出现的相关词汇：
scientist (n.科学家), expert (n.专家
adj. 熟练的；经验或知
识丰富的), neither...nor... (既不……也不……), every time (每次),
not...until (直到……才),
be linked to (与……相关), be to blame
( 该 受 责 备 ), prevent...from doing ( 阻止 ……),
be strict with
(对……严格的),
be absorbed in (专注于),
put forward (提出),
be exposed to (暴露在),
announce with certainty (肯定地宣布),
apart from ( 除 …… 之 外 ),
draw a conclusion ( 总 结 ),
make
contributions to (对……做出贡献)
本单元出现的相关句式：
1．Who put forward a theory about...？谁提出了关于……的
理论？
2．John Snow was...so expert...that...约翰·斯诺是……他如此
专业以至于……
3 ．To prevent... from..., John Snow suggested that... 为了阻
止……发生， 约翰·斯诺建议……
4．Only if...did...只有……，才能……
描写人物的作文，内容一般包括“概、貌、育、平、估”
五个方面，即概况(出生年月，年龄，性别，背景等)，外貌/性
格(高矮胖瘦，性格等)，教育，生平(经历，成就等)，评估(影
响，评价等)。
Einstein, the world-famous expert on physics, was born in
Ulm, Germany, in March 1879 and died in April, 1935.
He was so naughty when he was young that neither his
parents nor his teacher thought that he could be a scientist.
However, it seemed that he was curious about everything.Every
time he faced a question, he would never be satisfied until he
found the answer, which was linked to his success in the future.
In 1895, he failed the college entrance examination, in which
his poor history and language were to blame.To prevent himself
from failing again, he faced the challenge bravely, began to be
strict with himself and was absorbed in study.Finally, he defeated
others and entered ETH.In 1905, he put forward the Theory of
Relativity, which was a hit in scientific field.During the outbreak of
the Second World War, he was exposed to various dangers.He
announced with certainty that he was against war.Apart from
this, he contributed his works to raise money for the poor.
It is not difficult to draw a conclusion that Einstein has made
great contributions to the world in his whole life.,
结构分析：
第一段描写爱因斯坦的概况；
第二段描写他的性格；
第三段描写他的教育和生平；
第四段是对他的评价。
亮点点评：
1．应用了丰富多变的句型，使文章很有层次感。
2．叙述生平按照时间顺序来写，有条理。
1．介绍人物特征时，多使用一般现在时。若描述人物具体
的过去行为，或描述人物已过世，则使用一般过去时。
2．积累常用的描写人物外貌和性格的词汇。
3．描写人物性格特征时，可使用多种句型结构，丰富人物
形象。
4．可使用副词或“with＋n.”的状语结构进一步描写人物
的行为动作。
5．使用同位语从句、定语从句、非谓语动词等丰富人物信
息。
必背词汇
1．be born in a poor family 出生于贫穷家庭
2．attend school 上学
3．at the age of 在……岁时
4．during his childhood 在他童年时
5．sense of humour 幽默感
6．be always ready to 总是乐于……
7．modest and honest 谦虚诚实
8．be regarded as 被认为是……
9．have a gift for 在……方面有天赋
10．work hard at 致力于……
11．devote one's life to 致力于……
12．graduate from 从……毕业
13．take an active part in 积极参加
14．open-minded and optimistic 乐观开朗
15．be admitted to 被……录取；考入……
16．go abroad for further studies 出国深造
17．be honored for 因……而受到尊敬
18．dream of being a．.. 梦想成为一位……
19．have a strong interest in 对……有浓厚兴趣
常用句式
1．so＋adj./adv.＋that 如此……以至于……
2．adj.＋enough to do sth.足够……去做某事
3．a person with＋n.一个有……的人
【小试牛刀】
请根据以下信息写一篇英语短文。
[写作内容]
钟南山，1936 年 10 月出生于福建厦门，是治疗呼吸道疾
病的专家。他对自己在工作方面要求很严格，每次遇到问题，
不找到解决方法，决不放弃。2003 年，SARS 袭击了广东省，
他不怕暴露在危险中，勇于面对挑战。终于他发现了一种病毒，
这正是罪魁祸首，从而阻止了疾病传播。我们可以得出结论，
他对人类做出了巨大贡献。
[写作要求]
只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。
参考词汇：呼吸道疾病 respiratory disease
参考范文：
Zhong Nanshan, an expert on curing respiratory disease, was
born in Xiamen, Fujian Province, in Oct.1936.He was so strict with
himself in work that every time he faced a problem, he would never
give up until he found the answer.In 2003 when SARS hit
Guangdong Province, he was not afraid of being exposed to danger
and faced the challenge bravely.Finally he found a virus which was
to blame and managed to prevent the disease from spreading.
Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that he has made great
contributions to the human beings.
如何以约30词概括短文要点
1．故事类：The author argues that ____________________
( 故事主旨) by telling the story of ____________________ ( 故事
主人公), who ____________________ (主人公的经历)．
2．议论/说明类：The passage mainly conveys that _________
________ (议论的道理或说明的现象) by showing the _________
___________ (例子、报道、数据等) that ____________________
(具体的内容或影响、作用等)．
【小试牛刀】
1．阅读下面的短文，然后以约 30 词概括文章的大意。
In one way of thinking, failure is a part of life.In another way,
failure may be a way towards success.Edison, the inventor of the
light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the
right way to make one.Abraham Lincoln, the famous American
president, lost elections more times than he won them! He never
gave up in the face of failure but kept trying and was eventually
elected to Congress and then the presidency.
So what First, always think about your failure.What caused it
Were conditions right Were you in top from yourself What can
you change so things will go right next time
Second, is the goal you're trying to reach the right one Try to
do some thinking about what your real goals may be.Think about
this question.“If I do succeed this time, where will it get me ？”
This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn't be doing
anyway.
The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that it's part of
life.Learn to “live with yourself” even though you may have
failed.Remember, “You can't win them all.”
The passage mainly conveys that failure is not only a part of
life but also a way towards success by showing three steps that we
should take to treat failures.(30 词)
参考范文：
2．阅读下面的短文，然后以约 30 词概括文章的大意。
I have a friend Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch (牧马
场) in San Ysidro.When he was a senior, he was asked to write a
paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.
The next day he handed it in to the teacher.On the front was a
large red F ．The boy with the dream asked, “Why did I receive an
F？”
The teacher said, “This is an unrealistic dream for a young
boy like you.You have no money.You come from an itinerant (四处
奔 波 的 ) family.You have no resources.Owning a horse ranch
requires a lot of money.You have to buy the land.You have to pay
for the original breeding stock and later you'll have to pay large
stud fees.There's no way you could ever do it.”
He stated, “You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream.”
The best part of the story is that two summers ago that same
schoolteacher brought 30 kids to camp out on his ranch for a
week.When the teacher was leaving, he said, “Look, Monty, I can
tell you this now.When I was your teacher, I was something of a
dream stealer.During those years I stole a lot of kids' dreams.
Fortunately you had enough belief not to give up yours.”
The author argues that we should stick to our dreams by
telling the story of Monty Roberts, who has desired to own a horse
ranch from an early age and eventually succeeded.(32 词)
参考范文：(共45张PPT)
Unit 1 Great scientists
Period Ⅰ
Warming Up & Reading
______________________________________________
默读文章两次并完成下列任务。
Task 1：快速浏览课文“John Snow Defeats ‘King Cholera’”
并回答下列问题。
1．How many paragraphs does it contain
It contains 7 paragraphs.
2．What do we know about John Snow
John Snow attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician and
he found out how “King Cholera” was spread by polluted water.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Task 2：仔细阅读课文“John Snow Defeats ‘King Cholera’”
并填写下表。
cause
cure
Broad
Cambridge
deaths
handle
slowed down
Polluted
absorbed
Examine
【探究】阅读课文“John Snow Defeats ‘King Cholera’”
并回答下列问题。
1．Why couldn't the cholera be under control at first
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
2．What happened in London in 1854
Cholera outbreak hit London.
3．How many people died in 10 days
More than 500.
4．Which theory did John Snow believe in
People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
Task 1：快速阅读课文“John Snow Defeats ‘King Cholera’”，
以约 30 词概括文章的大意。
提示：本文主要记述了约翰·斯诺找到了导致霍乱的原因。
霍乱在 19 世纪的伦敦是一种致命的疾病，通过他的努力，霍乱
最终得到控制。
The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the
cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly di-sease in
London in the 19th century.With Snow's great efforts, the disease
was finally under control.
Task 2：仔细阅读课文“John Snow Defeats ‘King Cholera’ ”，
选择正确答案。
C
1.The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the definition of cholera
B.the cause of cholera
C.how John Snow defeated cholera
D.why cholera had to be defeated
2.The word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
C
A.use
C.take in
B．attract
D．concentrate
3.John Snow didn't believe that ________.
A
A.cholera multiplied in the air without any reason
B.cholera was spread by germs
C.people absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals
D.people were dead after cholera attacked
4.John Snow did some research in several steps EXCEPT ___.
A.gathering information
D
B.looking into the water
C.checking the places where people got water
D.repairing the pump handle
C
5.According to the passage, which statement is TRUE ____
A.People knew the cause of cholera before John Snow proved it.
B.People who lived in Broad Street all died because of
cholera.
C.The polluted water carried the disease.
D.The water companies were instructed to offer polluted water.
Part Main Idea
1 (Para.1) John Snow wanted to find out the (1)________ of
the deadly disease cholera.
2 (Para.2) Two possible (2)________ explained the cause of
cholera.
3 (Para.3－6) John Snow tried to seek the (3)________ and prove
his theory.
4 (Para.7) John Snow succeeded in (4)________
“King Cholera”.
Task 3：根据课文内容，完成下列表格。
cause
theories
evidence
defeating
Task 4：复述课文，根据课文内容完成下面语篇。
In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called “King Cho-lera”
hit Londoners, (1)________ often resulted in large numbers of
deaths.But nobody could find out the cause of cholera, nor the
(2)________ for it.John Snow, who was a well (3)________ (know)
doctor then, took the (4)________ and wanted to (5)________ the
problem.He gathered (6)__________ from the severe cholera
outbreak and finally found it was the (7)________ (pollute) water
that caused cholera.So the (8)________ of all the water supplies
was examined (9)___________ (immediate) . “King Cholera”
was (10)________ (defeat) in the end.
which
cure
known
challenge
solve
information
polluted
source
immediately
defeated
Task 5：课文佳句背诵。
1 ． But he became inspired when he thought about helping
ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera.但当他想到要帮助
(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died _____________
there was an outbreak.每当(疾病)突发时，总有成千上万惊恐的人
死去。
3．________________ the water was to blame.看来水是罪
魁祸首。
exposed
every time
It seemed that
1．put forward 提出
Who put forward a theory about black holes？(教材 P1)
谁提出了黑洞理论？
put forward 提出(常接 idea， advice， suggestion， offer
, put
等名词)；提前；把(时钟)往前拨,put away 储存(钱)；放好
off (＝postpone/delay) 推迟，延期,put out 熄灭，扑灭
①He often forgets to put ________ the campfires, which can
easily cause fires.
②It is wise and necessary to put some money ________ for
old age.
③Because of the terrible weather, the flight to Guangzhou had
to be put ________.
④At the meeting, she put ________ a piece of advice that the
victim should be taken care of.
out
away
off
forward
2．conclusion n．结论；结束(教材 P1)
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出一个结论
in conclusion 最后；总之(相当于 all in all 或者 in a word)
come to a conclusion that...得到一个……的结论
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
conclude sth.with...用……结束(某事)
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
①It is difficult ________________ (conclude) how she feels
when hearing the good news.
to conclude
② Can you draw a more scientific ___________ (conclude)
about the problem
③The story ________ (conclude) with the hero's death, which
makes many readers unsatisfied.
④从这篇文章我们可以得出一个结论，健康就是财富。
______________________________________________________
conclusion
concludes
From this passage we can draw a conclusion that health is wealth.
3．defeat
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” ( 教材 P2) 约
翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
①Our men ____________________ in the battle.
我军在此战役中受到重创。
n．失败
②He was depressed by ____________________.
失败让他沮丧。
were heavily defeated
his defeat
辨析
defeat/beat/win
defeat 的宾语是人或集体，尤指在战场上打败敌军或入侵者。
beat 的宾语是人或集体，指在游戏或比赛中打败或战胜对手。
win 表示“赢得”时，其宾语多为 game, war, prize, match,
battle 等词，一般不接人作宾语。
③They ________ the enemy in the battle.
他们在战争中打败了敌人。
④We ________ them in the game last Sunday.
上个星期天我们在比赛中打败了他们。
⑤Our basketball team finally________the match.
我们篮球队最终赢得了这场比赛的胜利。
defeated
beat
won
4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
...so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her
personal physician.(教材 P2)……他的确医术精湛，因而成了维
多利亚女王的私人大夫。
attend a meeting/conference 出席会议
attend a wedding/funeral/ceremony 参加婚礼/葬礼/仪式
attend a lecture 听讲座
attend school/college 上学/大学
attend to sth.注意；关心；仔细考虑
①She put forward a suggestion that she stay at home
________________________.
她提出一个建议，即由她待在家里照顾生病的孩子。
②Only a few experts __________________________ this time.
只有几位专家出席了这次的医学研讨会。
③He didn't ____________ the conclusion that I had drawn.
他并不关注我所得出的结论。
to attend the sick child
attended the medical conference
attend to
5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
But he became inspired when he thought about helping
ordinary people exposed to cholera.( 教材 P2) 但当他想到要帮助
(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
expose...to 使 显露； 暴露 ,expose sb.to sth./sb.is exposed to
sth.(使)某人受到某事的威胁/影响
①To those who ____________________ ， we should not
look down upon them.
对那些受到 HIV 威胁的人，我们不应该看不起他们。
②长时间暴晒在太阳底下对你是有害的。
______________________________________________________
are exposed to HIV
It is harmful for you to expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time.
6．cure
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材 P2)人们既
不知道它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。
n．治愈；痊愈
cure for sth.……的疗法
①Though society is developing fast, there is still
____________________ such a disease.
尽管社会发展得很快，但是仍然没有这种疾病的治疗方法。
no cure for
vt.治愈；治疗
cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的疾病
②It is said that he ________________ a cough in a new
method.据说他用一种新的方法治好了他的咳嗽。
③It is not easy for the physicians to ____________________.
内科医生要治愈这种严重的疾病不容易。
④The
granny
_____________
my
cold
with
medicinal herbs.这位老奶奶用草药治好了我的感冒。
cured him of
cure the severe sickness
cured me of
7．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into
their bodies with their meals.(教材 P2)第二种看法是人们是在吃
饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
be absorbed in sth./doing sth.全神贯注于某事/做某事
①The black dress can easily ______________ in summer.
夏天黑色衣服容易吸热。
②The project has __________________________________.
这项工程吸引他好几年了。
③Mr.Green __________________________ that he didn't
notice a man break into his house.格林先生是如此专注于他的工
作以致他没有注意到有人破门进入。
absorb heat
absorbed him for several years
was so absorbed in his work
8．suspect
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but
he needed evidence.(教材 P2)约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确
的，但是他需要证据。
vt.认为；怀疑
suspect sb.of doing sth./sth.怀疑某人做了某事
①We ________ him _______ taking away the paper that must
be kept secret.
我们怀疑他拿走了必须要保密的文件。
suspect
of
n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
②It seems that the man dressed in blue is ____________.
那个穿蓝色衣服的男人似乎是嫌疑犯。
③拓展：写出下列相似单词的中文意思
inspect (v.)________
suspect (v.)________
respect (v.)________
the suspect
怀疑
视察
尊敬
9．enquiry n．询问；调查；研究
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to
begin his enquiry.(教材 P2)因此，在 1854 年伦敦再次爆发霍乱
时，约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。
make an enquiry about 打听
make an enquiry into 调查，研究
①I have been _____________________ about the suggestion
the expert put forward.
我一直在打听这位专家提出的建议。
②过多地调查出席这次会议的专家是不礼貌的。(it is＋adj.
＋to make enquiries into sth.)
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
making some enquiries
It is impolite to make too many enquiries into the experts who
attend the meeting.
10．blame
It seemed that the water was to blame.( 教材 P2)看来水是罪
魁祸首。
vt.责备；谴责
blame sb.for (doing) sth.责备某人(做了)某事
be to blame (for sth.) 应受谴责；该承担责任
①According to John Snow, the polluted water was _________
for the outbreak of cholera.根据约翰·斯诺(的看法)，污水是霍乱
爆发的罪魁祸首。
to blame
②You can not ____________________ your failure of this
exam.你不能因为考试失败而责备其他人。
n．过失；责备
③He ____________________ for his stubborn attitude.
他的顽固态度招致了许多责备。
11．link
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from
two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.( 教
材 P3)在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联
的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
blame others for
got much blame
vt.连接；联系(相当于 connect, join)
link...to...把……与……联系或连接起来
①This camera can ________________ a computer.这部照相
机能够和电脑连接起来。
n．环节；纽带；关系(相当于 connection, joint)
a link with...和……的一个联系或纽带
②The president's visit set up ____________________ the two
countries.总统的拜访建立了这两个国家的联系。
③The department is interested in developing closer
_____________ the industry.这个部门对与工业发展更紧密的联
系很有兴趣。
be linked to
a link between
links with
12．announce vt.宣布；通告
With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce
with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.(教材 P3)有了这
个特别的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种污染了的水
携带着病菌。
辨析
announce/declare/state/claim
announce 指发布公众感兴趣的事，所涉及的内容通常是别
人不知道的事，含有“预告”的意思。
declare 意为“声称；断言”，指在公开场合强调性、权威
性地宣称，尤指官方的声明，所涉及的事情不一定是别人不知
道的。
state 指“陈述；声明”，是书面或正式表达。
claim 多指提反对意见时的“声称；断言”。
①He ________ that he was going to investigate this new case.
他宣布他准备调查这个新案件。
②The new government ________ that they won't admit or
continue any old treaties.
新的政府声称他们不会承认或者继续任何旧的条约。
③The notice ________clearly that chickens are not allowed to
be raised in this community.
布告明确地声明在这个社区不能养鸡。
④He ________ that the victim was not given right treatment.
他声称这位受害者没有得到正确的处理。
announced
declares
states
claimed
13．prevent vt.阻碍；阻止
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested
that the source of all the water supplies be exa-mined.(教材 P3) 为
了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检
测。
prevent/stop...from 阻止……发生
①To prevent the drinking water ____________________ ，
the government suggests that nobody should throw any waste into
the river.为防止饮用水受到污染，政府建议任何人不许向河里扔
垃圾。
from being polluted
②_______________________________________________，
our country has carried out laws to punish those who destroy public
property on purpose.为了阻止这种事故再次发生，国家已经出台
了法律去处罚那些故意破坏公共财物的人。
To prevent/stop this accident from happening again
① Experts suggested that young people____________ (be)
responsible for their behaviors.
② The expression on his face suggested that he__________
(be) willing to help the poor.
③I suggested that the advice he put forward ______________
(discuss) a second time.
(should) be
was
(should) be discussed
14．suggest vt.建议；提议；暗示；表明
(1)意为“建议；提议”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，
即谓语部分是“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。原句中
的 be examined 前就省略了 should。
(2)意为“暗示；表明”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
本课时单词 拓展单词 构词法小结
conclude vt.& vi.
结束；推断出 conclusion n．结论；
结束 1.-sion、-tion 和-ment 为名词
后缀，表示“动作，状态，
结果”。如：investment 投
资； construction 建设；
decision 决定。
2．-ist 为名词后缀，表示“从
事……研究者，信仰……主
义者”。如：physicist 物理
学家； idealist理想主义者。
scientific adj.科学
的 scientist n．科学家
science n．科学
pollute vt.污染；弄
脏 pollution n．污染
instruct vt.命令；
指示；教导 instruction n．命令；
指示；教导
announce vt.宣布；通告 announcement n．通
告；布告
characteristic n．特
征；特性 adj.显
著的；独特的 character n．特性；特征；(人的)品质；性格 3．-istic 为形容词后缀，表示“关于……的，属于……的，……主义的”。如： humanistic 人道主义的；realistic 现实主义的。
4．-al 为形容词后缀，表示“有……属性的，有……性质的”。如：natural自然的；central 中心的。
5．-hood 为名词后缀，表示“身份，资格，时间，集体，状态”。如：childhood童年；brotherhood 兄弟般的关系。
6．-er 为名词后缀，表示行为者。如：writer 作家；singer 歌手。
physician n．医生；内科医师 physical adj.身体的；物理的
neighbourhood n．
附近；邻近 neighbour n．
邻居
painter n．画家；
油漆匠 paint n．油漆；涂料
v．油漆；绘画
painting n．(一幅)画；绘画(艺术)
续表
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We can safely draw some ___________ from our discussion
and we ________ that we can defeat cholera.(conclude)
2．Nowadays, the _________ is developing fast and we ought
to know something about __________ research, although we are
not ___________.(scientific)
3 ． The river has been _________ by toxic ( 有 毒 的 ) water
from local factories and the people nearby are severely affected by
the ________.(pollute)
4．What Mr.Zhang __________ made sense.What's more, his
method of __________ was most agreeable.(instruct)
conclusions
conclude
science
scientific
scientists
polluted
pollution
instructed
instruction
5．The CEO made an _____________ that no one was allowed
to ___________ this news to the public.(announce)
6．His method of writing was ___________ and his ________
was revealed in his writing.(character)
7 ．The __________ says his __________ condition is not so
satisfactory.(physical)
8．My ____________ are very kind and I am happy to live in a
friendly _________________.(neighbour)
9．He loved __________ and began to __________ horses as a
child.After twenty years, he became a famous ________.(paint)
announcement
announce
characteristic
character
physician
physical
neighbours
neighbourhood
painting
paint
painter
1 ． So many thousands of terrified people died every time there
was an outbreak.(教材 P2)每当(疾病)突发时，总有成千上万惊恐
的人死去。
every time 引 导 的 是 一 个 时 间 状 语 从 句 ， 意 为 “ 每
当……”，相当于 when。
类似的可引导时间状语从句的短语还有：
each time 每次；每当
at the time 在……时候
any/next/the first/the last time 任何一次/ 下一次/第一次/ 最
后一次
the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/instantly
一……就
①____________________ I put forward an idea, he was
always against me.
每当我提出一个观点，他总是反对。
②I fell in love with her ______________________________
_____________________I saw her.我一看到她，就爱上她了。
③我每次看电影《2012》都感到害怕。
______________________________________________________
Every/Each time
I would feel terrified every time I saw 2012.
the moment/the minute/the instant
/immediately/instantly
2．It seemed that the water was to blame.(教材 P2)看来水是罪
魁祸首。
It seems that...＝sb./sth.seems to...，意为“似乎……”。在
句中，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句。
①_____________________________________________
how to cure the disease.似乎没有人知道如何治愈这种疾病。
②似乎还没有人得出结论。
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
It seems that no one knows/No one seems to know
It seems that no one has drawn a conclusion yet.
/No one seems to have drawn a conclusion yet.
1 ． He became interested in two theories that possibly explained
how cholera killed people.(教材 P2)他对霍乱置人死地的两种推
测都很感兴趣。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句是“主系表结构”。
主句的主语是____________，系动词是____________，表语是
__________，_______________作介词 in 的宾语。从句是由 that
引导的修饰 theories 的____________从句，从句中又包含了由
how 引导的放在动词 explain 后的宾语从句。
he
became
interested
two theories
定语
2．In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that
more than 500 people died in ten days.(教材 P2)在霍乱严重的两
条街道上，10 天之内就有 500 多人死去。
分析:本句是一个“主系表结构”的句子。_________________
放句首作地点状语，本句的主语是_________________，系动词
是_______，表语是_________，本句包含一个“so...that...”句型，
意为___________________。
in two particular streets
the cholera outbreak
was
severe
如此……以致……
3 ．A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the
water from the pump so much that she had it deli-vered to her
house every day.(教材 P3)有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜
欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。
分析：(1)本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是________，
谓语是_______， 宾语是__________，从句是由 who 引导的修
饰 woman 的______从句。本句同样包含一个“so...that...”句型。
(2)have sth.done 常表示“让某人干某事”或“主语遭受某
种不幸”，宾语 sth.后接过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与
宾语补足语之间是_______关系。
a woman
liked
the water
定语
动宾(共29张PPT)
Period Ⅲ
Using Language
默读文章两次并完成下列任务。
Task 1：快速浏览课文“Copernicus' Revolutionary Theory”并回答
下列问题。
1．Can you name some planets in the solar system
Earth, Mars ( 火星), Mercury ( 水星), Venus ( 金星), Saturn ( 土星),
Jupiter (木星), Neptune (海王星), Uranus (天王星), Pluto (冥王星)
2．When did Copernicus publish his theory
In 1543.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Before Copernicus' theory Showing Copernicus' theory
A diagram (图表) showing the
solar system with
(1)____________ at its centre. A diagram showing the solar
system with (2)_________ at its
centre.
Task 2：快速阅读课文“Copernicus' Revolutionary Theory”并填写
下表。
the earth
the sun
【探究】阅读课文“Copernicus' Revolutionary Theory”并回答下
列问题。
1 ．What problems did astronomers notice when they looked
into the sky
They noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop,
move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared
brighter at times and less bright at others.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2 ． Why did Copernicus fear to publish his idea when his
friends encouraged him
Because he did not want to be attacked by the Christian
Church.
3 ．How did the Christian idea of gravity ( 重力) explain the
fact that things fell to earth
It explained that things fell to earth because God created the
earth as the centre of the universe.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Task 1：快速阅读课文“Copernicus' Revolutionary Theory”，以约
30 词概括文章的大意。
提示：本文讲述的是哥白尼发现只有把太阳当成太阳系中
心，其他行星的运动才讲得通。但是，他直到去世前才敢公布
这个理论，因为它与基督教理论相悖。
Copernicus found that only if the sun was the centre of the
solar system did the movements of the other planets make
sense.However, he didn't dare to publish this theory until he died
because it was against the powerful Christian idea.
Task 2：仔细阅读课文“Copernicus' Revolutionary Theory”，选择
正确答案。
1．Why was Nicolaus Copernicus frightened ______
C
A．Because he was confused.
B．Because his mathematical calculations were wrong.
C．Because his conclusion was against the powerful Christian
Church.
D．Because he would be punished.
2．What did Copernicus do to complete his theory _____
A．He thought hard for a long time.
B．He collected observations of the stars.
C．He used all his mathematical knowledge.
D．All of the above.
3．What did the Christian Church do towards Copernicus' theory ___
D
A．The Christian Church accepted Copernicus' theory.
B．The Christian Church doubted Copernicus' theory.
C．The Christian Church didn't care Copernicus' theory.
D．The Christian Church rejected Copernicus' theory.
D
Para. Main Idea
1 the _____________ of Copernicus' study
2 the ________ of Copernicus' study
3 the ________ of Copernicus' study
4 the ________ of Copernicus' study
5 Copernicus' theory ________ the Christian idea and proved
correct
Task 3：根据课文内容，完成下列表格。
background
cause
procedure
result
replaced
Task 4：复述课文，根据课文内容完成下面语篇。
Nicolaus Copernicus was (1)____________ because all his
mathematical calculations led to the same (2)__________ ： that the
earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun
there did the (3)____________ of the other planets in the sky make
(4)________．The problem arose because astronomers had noticed
that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move (5)___________
and then go forward in a loop.Copernicus had thought long and
hard about these problems until he completed his theory in 1514.He
privately showed his friends that the sun was at the centre of the
frightened
conclusion
movements
sense
backward
solar system and the earth was (6)__________ as it went round the
sun.His friends were (7)___________ and encouraged him to
publish his ideas, but Copernicus was (8)__________．Certainly he
was right to be careful because the Christian Church (9)_________
his theory which has become the basis on which all our ideas of the
(10)________ are built.
spinning
enthusiastic
cautious
rejected
universe
Task 5：课文佳句背诵。
1．_______ you put the sun there did the movements of the
other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位
置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system ____
the planets ________ (go) round it and only the moon still
________ (go) round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位
置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
Only if
with
going
going
1．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助(教材 P4)
contribute...to...把……捐给或贡献给……
contribute to (doing) sth.有助于(做)某事
contribution n.贡献
make contributions/a contribution to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做
出贡献
①We ____________________ the victims of the earthquake.
我们捐钱给地震的受害者。
② I'm sure your suggestion will ____________________
solving the problem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。
③Scientists have _______________________ our motherland.
科学家们为我们祖国做出了很多贡献。
contributed money to
contribute to
made great contributions to
2．apart from 除……之外；此外
Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also
learned the following phrases.(教材 P4)除了上面提到的结构，你
们还学过以下的一些短语。
(1)表示“除……之外，还有(包括在内)”的有：apart from，
besides， in addition to。
(2)表示“除……之外(不包括在内)”的有：except， except
for， apart from。
①As a senior student, we study other subjects ____________
____________________________English.
作为一个高年级的学生，我们还要学习除了英语之外的其
他科目。
②Your article is well written ____________________ some
spelling mistakes.
你的文章除了一些拼写错误之外写得很好。
apart from
/besides/in addition to
apart from/except for
3．(be) strict with...对……严格的(教材 P6)
be strict with sb.in sth.对某人在某事上严格
My parents are very strict ________ me and they demand that
I should be strict ________ everything I do.
我的父母对我很严格，并且他们希望我对自己所做的每件
事都严格要求。
with
in
4．make sense 讲得通；有意义
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other
planets in the sky make sense.(教材 P7)只有当你把太阳放在中心
位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
make no sense 讲不通；无意义
①I can't follow these instructions—they _________________
at all.
我不能遵从这些指示，他们一点意义也没有。
②她讲的话不多，但都言之有理。
She doesn't talk much, but what she says ________________.
make no sense
makes sense
5．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was
against God's idea and people who supported it would be
attacked.(教材 P7)基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违
背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。
辨析
reject/refuse/decline
reject 指拒绝不适当、不满意或延误的事物，如赠物、求婚、
忠告、计划、建议等。
refuse 其后可接名词或代词，主语可以是人或物，表示拒
绝要求、申请、引诱、忠告、帮助等。
decline 指委婉地拒绝。
①The bank ________ his application for the loan.
银行拒绝了他的贷款申请。
②She ________ his marriage proposal yesterday.
她昨天拒绝了他的求婚。
③The blind man smilingly ________ to be helped to cross the
street.
这个盲人笑着婉拒别人帮他过马路。
refused
rejected
declined
本课时单词 拓展单词 构词法小结
cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的 caution n．谨慎；小心 1. ious为形容词后缀，表示“……的，……似的，与……有关的”。如：victorious胜利的； conscious 意识到的。
2． tion和 ment都是名词后缀。如：solution 解决办法； invention发明； government政府； achievement 成就。
construct vt.建设；修建 construction n．建设；建筑物
contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 contribution n．贡献
movement n．移动；运动；动作 move v．移动；运动
运用
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The earth ______ every day, but we can't feel its _________
because we are living on it.(move)
2．In my childhood, my mother once told me to be a ________
man and do everything with ________.(cautious)
3．He ____________ 100 million to the earthquake fund so far.
This ______________ can make a great difference to those people
in need.(contribute)
4．The bridge _________________ now. In other words, it is
under _____________.(construct)
moves
movement
cautious
caution
has contributed
contribution
is being constructed
construction
1 ． Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other
planets in the sky make sense.(教材 P7)只有当你把太阳放在中心
位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
当“only＋状语/状语从句”放在句首时，为了加强语气，
句子需部分倒装，即把 be 动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前。
如果位于句首的 only 修饰的不是状语，则该句不倒装。
①Only the bravest man __________________ the dangerous
desert.只有最勇敢的人才能穿越危险的沙漠。
can walk through
②Only by studying hard, ______________________.
只有通过努力学习，我们才能取得进步。
③只有我们去保护环境，世界才会更美丽。
__________________________________________________
______________________
can we make progress
Only if we protect the environment, will the world become
more beautiful.
2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with
the
planets going round it and only the moon still going round the
earth.(教材 P7)他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则
围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
with the planets going round it 是“with ＋宾语＋宾补”结
构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，此结构
中作宾补的可以是介词短语、非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词或
过去分词)等。
①He sat there, ________________________.
他坐在那里，脸上带着笑容。
②With so much work _________， he could not go home.有
这么多的工作要做，他不能回家了。
③The street was quiet with no buses ________ (run)．
街道很安静，没有公交车经过。
④He felt uncomfortable with his hands ________ (tie)．
手被绑着，他觉得很不舒服。
⑤他站在那里，手里拿着一本书。
__________________________________________________
with a smile on his face
to do
running
tied
He stood there with a book in his hand.
⑥还有很多问题要解决，他感到焦虑。
__________________________________________________
⑦有这么多人支持他，他变得很勇敢。
__________________________________________________
注意：with 复合结构可以译为“随着……”，因此可以转
换为 as 引导的状语从句。
⑧With the test finished, the holiday began.
＝_______________________， the holiday began.
随着考试结束，假期开始了。
⑨With time going by, we know better about each other.
＝__________________ ， we know better about each other.
随着时间推移，我们更好地了解了彼此。
With so many problems to solve, he felt anxious.
With so many people supporting him, he became brave.
As the test was finished
As time goes by
1 ． Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical
calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the
centre of the solar system.(教材 P7)虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那
些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个相同的结论：地球
不是太阳系的中心。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是__________，
谓语是 _______ ，宾语是 _____________ 。 本句包含了一个
although 引导的__________ 从句和 that 引导的用来解释说明
conclusion 的__________从句。
calculations
led to
conclusion
让步状语
同位语
2 ． Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful
Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting
such an idea.(教材 P7)然而他不能告诉任何人他的理论，因为即
使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教教会势力的
惩罚。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主语是_____，谓语
是______，宾语是_______。本句包含了一个as引导的________
从句，在这个从句中又暗藏一个虚拟语气。would have done 表
示_________，而实际上由于条件不足并没有做。
he
tell
anyone
原因状语
本来会做
