(共16张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
In spite of all his efforts he failed.尽管他努力了，他还是
失败了。
1．in spite of 不顾；不管
解析 in spite of 为介词短语，相当于介词 despite。如：
He persisted in carrying on the experiment in spite of all kinds
of setbacks.
尽管遇到很多挫折， 他仍坚持做实验。
运用 完成句子
He continued with his plan to build a flying machine,
________________ (不管) the mockery (嘲笑) of his friends.
in spite of
He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead
of taking risks.他觉得自己必须每一步都要下定决心，而不是冒
险。
2．make up one's mind 下定决心；打定主意
典例
If he once makes up his mind to do something, he will
never give up.
他一旦下了决心要干，他就不会放弃。
拓展 make up 补足；编造；组成
make up for 补偿
make up to 接近；巴结
运用 完成句子
①They have ________________ ( 下定决心 ) to stay in
Britain.
②Helen always ________________ ( 编造 ) fun stories to
make us laugh.
made up their mind
makes up
3．take risks (a risk) 冒险
典例 You can't get rich without taking risks.
人不冒险不富。
拓展 take/run risks in sth./of doing sth./to do sth.
冒险做某事
运用 完成句子
I couldn't ___________________________ (冒险留下) him alone.
take a risk/risks of leaving/to leave
Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to
get into the habit in the first place！当然，对付这些毒品最好的
方法就是一开始就不要染上坏习惯！
4．get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
典例 We get into trouble sometime.
我们有时会遇到麻烦。
He gets into the habit of riding a bike to go to school.
他养成骑车去上学的习惯。
拓展 get/fall into the habit of 养成……习惯
get into trouble 惹上麻烦
get into debt 负债累累
get into a temper 大发脾气
运用 完成句子
①It's easy to ________________ ( 染上……习惯) smoking,
but difficult to quit.
②Thomas seems to ________________ (惹上麻烦)．
get into the habit of
get into trouble
it 的用法Ⅰ
一、代词 it
1．用作人称代词，指代前文提到的事物、动物、婴儿或性
别不明的人等。如：
I dropped my watch onto the floor and it broke.
我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
—Where is the dog 狗在哪？
—It's in the bedroom.在卧室里。
Is it a boy or a girl 是男孩还是女孩？
There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.
有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
2 ． 用 作 代 替 指 示 代 词 this, that 以 及 复 合 不 定 代 词
something, anything, nothing 等。如：
—Whose dictionary is that？那是谁的字典？
—It's John's.是约翰的。
Nothing is wrong, is it 没出什么问题，是吗？
3．用作非人称代词作主语时，主要用于指时间、距离、价
值、天气、季节、气候及温度等自然现象。如：
It's too late to go there now.现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。
It can get very hot here.这里有时会很热。
二、引导词 it
1．it 作形式主语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，
通常在句首用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
(1)代替动词不定式作形式主语。如：
It's a pity to refuse.拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It's very important to remember this.
记住这一点很重要。
注意：此种情况常用于以下句型中：
①It＋be＋adj./n.(for/of sb.) to do sth.
②It takes sb.some time to do sth.
③It is up to sb.to do sth.
(2)代替动名词作形式主语。如：
It's no use saying any more about it.
再谈这事没有用。
It's hard work climbing mountains.爬山是费劲的事。
(3)代替从句作形式主语。如：
It's not known where she went.
她到哪里去了没人知道。
It's unknown when he will come.
他什么时候来还不知道。
注意：此种情况常用于以下句型中：
①It is said/reported/believed/understood that...
②It looks/seems/appears/happens/occurs that (as if)...
2．it 作形式宾语的用法
当不定式、动名词或从句等复杂成分作宾语时，通常会用
it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。
(1)不定式、动名词或从句作某些动词(如 make, think, find,
consider, feel, suppose 等)的宾语且后跟宾语补足语时，常用 it
作形式宾语。其结构为“谓语＋it＋宾补＋不定式/动名词/从
句”。如：
I find it easy to get on with her.我发现跟她相处很容易。
I think it a great honour to be invited to the Olympic Games in
London.
我认为被邀请参加伦敦奥运会是一种荣幸。
(2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词(如 like, enjoy, love,
prefer, hate, appreciate 等)往往用 it 作形式宾语，后接 if/when 等
引导的从句。如：
I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。
(3)that 引导的宾语从句在某些短语( 如 ask for, depend on,
answer for, insist on, see to 等)后作宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语。
如：
See to it that you're not late again.
注意千万不要再迟到。
I can't answer for it that he will come.
我不能保证他会来。
(4)在由及物动词与介词构成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作
该动词的宾语，需借用 it 作形式宾语。如：
I owe it to you that I am still alive.
多亏有你我才活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us.
我认为他会帮助我们的。
一、完成句子
1 ．I like this house with a beautiful garden, but I don't have
enough money to ________________ (买它)．
2．We think ________________ (是我们的义务) to clean our
classroom every day.
3．________________ ( 这是) half an hour's walk to the city
center.
4．—Who is making such a noise
—________________ (一定是) children.
5．She ________________ (讨厌) when you use her book.
buy it
it our duty
It's
It must be
hates it
二、把下列各句转换成 it 作形式主语的句子
1．He was rude to say so.
______________________________________________________
2．Trying again is of use.
______________________________________________________
3．To say is easy, but to do is difficult.
______________________________________________________
4．Some people say that more than 100 people died in the air
accident.
______________________________________________________
5．When and where to hold the party hasn't been decided.
______________________________________________________
It was rude of him to say so.
It is of use trying again.
It is easy to say, but it is difficult to do.
It is said that more than 100 people died in the air accident.
It hasn't been decided when and where to hold the party.(共34张PPT)
Unit 3
A healthy life
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
一、课文大意填空
The passage is a letter which a (1)________ wrote to his
grandson, (2)________．In this letter, the grandad explained how a
smoker became (3)________ to cigarettes and why he should give
it up.Also the grandad sent some (4)________ to help him stop
smoking and (5)________ his resolve.
grandad
James
addicted
advice
strengthen
二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1．Why does James' grandad write to James ______
A．Because he wants to tell James his sports activities.
B．Because he wants to tell James his own experience.
C．Because he wants to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wants to help James get some information.
2．The phrase “due to” in the first paragraph probably means
________.
A．but
B．because of
C．though
D．as
C
B
3 ． The first paragraph of the letter shows James' grandad
________.
A．lives a healthy life
B．likes sitting in the garden
C．has nothing to do at home
D．is tired when returning from a long bike ride
4．According to the letter, James' grandad ________.
A．is lonely
B．sends some advice from the Internet to James
C．doesn't give up smoking now
D．used to be a member of the basketball team
A
B
5．________ forced James' grandad to give up smoking.
A．That he was taken off the school football team
B．His girlfriend
C．His parents
D．That he ran too slow
A
Para.
1－2 The purpose of writing
the letter Try to persuade James to give up
smoking
Para.
3 Three different ways to
make people become
addicted to smoking Become (1)________ addicted;
become addicted through habit;
become (2)________ addicted
Para.
4 The harmful
(3)_______ of smoking Do terrible damage to your heart
and lungs; be more difficult to
become (4)________； affect the
health of non-smokers, etc
Para.
5 Some advice to help
stop smoking Prepare yourself; be(5)__________；
break the habit; relax; get
(6)________ if you need it; keep
trying
三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格
physically
mentally
effects
pregnant
determined
help
Here are a few to start you off... 这里有一些词可以帮助
你开始……
1．start sb.off 使某人开始(某事)
典例 His father started him off working quite hard.
他的父亲使他开始非常勤奋地学习。
拓展 start sb.off on sth./doing sth.使某人开始做某事
start off 出发；动身
start off...with...以……开始……
运用 完成句子
①He ________________ (使我开始学习) English with some
simple exercise.
②I'll ask the driver what time we will ________________ (出
发)．
starts me off learning
start off
2．abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待
典例 The book is about the abuse of power.
这本书讲述的是权力的滥用问题。
He never abuses his privilege.他从不滥用特权。
拓展 drug abuse 滥用毒品
child abuse 虐待儿童
abuse of power 滥用权力
abuse one's power 滥用某人的权力
运用 完成句子
①The government has set up a working party to look into the
problem of ________________ (滥用毒品).
②The ________________ (滥用权力) must be pu-nished.
drug abuse
abuse of power
3．stress
解析 (1)n.压力；重音
I can't bear the stresses and strains of modern life.
我不能忍受现代生活的压力和紧张。
(2)vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调
He was being stressed before he gave his lecture.
演讲前的那一阵子他感到十分紧张。
拓展 under the stress of 在……的压力下，为……所迫
运用 完成句子
① Some young people couldn't bear up ________________
(在……的压力下) the modern life.
② The weight of snow ________________ ( 加 压 力 于 ) the
roof to the point of collapsing.
under the stress of
stressed
Do you think smoking should be banned 你认为应该
禁止吸烟吗？
4．ban
解析 (1)vt.禁止；取缔
The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 政
府已经禁止化学武器的使用。
(2)n.禁令；谴责(常与 on/against 连用)
The police lifted the ban against parking in the street.
警察取消了不准在这条街停车的禁令。
拓展 ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事
运用 用合适的介词填空
①He was banned ________ driving for three months after the
accident.
②The government announced the ban ________ drink-driving
(醉驾)．
from
on/against
I think my long and active life must be due to the
healthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我
的健康生活。
5．due to 由于……
解析 due to 常置于 be 动词之后作表语，通常不置于句首。
如：
His failure is due to the fact that he doesn't work hard.他的失
败是由于没有努力工作造成的。
运用 完成句子
His absence is ________________ (由于) his illness.
due to
First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine,
which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. 首先你
身体会对尼古丁上瘾，尼古丁是香烟里成百种化学物质之一。
6．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
典例
Many kids now have become addicted to surfing the
net.现在很多孩子沉迷于上网。
拓展 be/become addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于；嗜好
运用 完成句子
Some people have ___________________ (对……上瘾) drugs.
been/become addicted to
This means that after a while your body becomes
accustomed to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，
你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
7．become/be accustomed to (to 为介词)习惯于……
典例
He has become accustomed to doing morning
exercises every day.他已经习惯于每天晨练。
accustom sb./oneself to doing sth.使某人或自己习惯
拓展
于做某事
运用 完成句子
①Her eyes were quickly ________________ ( 习 惯 于 ) the
dark.
②You should ________________ ( 使 自 己 习 惯 ) the new
environment as soon as possible.
accustomed to
accustom yourself to
So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal
symptoms.所以当你的体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱瘾
症状。
8．withdrawal n．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
典例
I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking.我
戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。
The company made the withdrawal of the product from the
market.公司从市场上收回了这种产品。
His sudden withdrawal from the election surprised everyone.
他突然退出选举的行为使每个人都感到惊讶。
运用 完成句子
He ___________________ (命令撤退) of all UN forces from
the region.
ordered the withdrawal
I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult
to quit.我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面的原因的，所以要戒烟很
难。
9．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开 vi.停止；离开；辞职
典例 He has quit smoking.他已经戒烟了。
The money is used to help smokers quit.
这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟的。
拓展 quit school 退学
quit office 离职
quit doing sth.(＝stop doing sth.) 停止做某事
be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人或某物
运用 完成句子
①I gave him money in order to ________________ ( 摆 脱
他)．
②I wish you'd better ________________ (停止说话)．
be quit of him
quit talking
But I did finally manage.但是我最终还是做到了。
10．助动词＋动词原形
解析 在“助动词(do/does/did)＋动词原形”中，助动词意
为“确实，的确”，常用于肯定句和祈使句中，用于加强语气。
如：
You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮。
Do be careful！请务必小心仔细！
运用 完成句子
Tom said he would come and he ________________ (确实来
了)．
did come
When I was young, I didn't know much about the
harmful effects of smoking.在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害
性我知道的并不多。
11．effect n．结果；效力
典例 The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.
这种药的药力可持续十二个小时。
拓展 in effect 事实上
take effect 生效，奏效
come/go into effect 开始实施
bring/put/carry...into effect 使实施，使生效
have a good/bad effect on sth.对某物有好的(或坏的)影响
运用 完成句子
①The drug ______________________ (立马见效) the pain.
②The new tax regulations _________________ ( 开 始 实 施 )
last month.
③He told us he didn't like watching football match;
________________ (事实上), he is a football fan.
has an immediate effect on
came/went into effect
In effect/fact
Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect
the health of non-smokers.我也不知道我自己吸烟还会损害那
些不吸烟的人的健康。
12．neither 引导的倒装句
解析
在本句中，neither 为否定副词，置于句首时主句要
采用部分倒装，把助动词、be 动词或情态动词放在主语前面，
Neither did he hear anything about his grandpa from his
mother.
他也没有从母亲那里听到有关祖父的任何事情。
拓展 部分倒装的情况还有：
(1) 句首为否定或半否定的词 ，如 no, not, never, barely,
seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time, in no way, not until 等。
如：
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直
到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。
(2)only 位于句首且修饰状语或状语从句时，主句要倒装。
如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有当
他病得很严重时，他才会待在床上。
Only after the accident did he realize the importance of life.只
有在那次车祸后，他才意识到生命的重要性。
(3)so 用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“so＋助动词
/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”结构(有时也用 as 代替)；若表示另
一主语“也不”时，用“nor/neither＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词
＋主语”结构。如：
She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching.So is he.
她是一位教师并且很喜欢教学。而他也如此。
运用 完成句子
①I didn't go there, ________________ (玛丽也没去)．
②My father lives a healthy life, ________________ ( 我母亲
也是)．
③Only being ill ________________ ( 他 才 开 始 ) give up
smoking.
neither/nor did Mary
so does my mother
did he begin to
Decide on a day to quit.确定一个开始戒烟的日子。
13．decide on/upon 对……作出决定
典例 Don't decide on/upon important matters too quickly.
不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作出决定。
拓展 decide to do sth.决定做某事
decide against sth./doing sth.决定不做某事
decide that-clause 决定……
运用 完成句子
①She has ________________ ( 对 …… 作 出 决 定 ) art as a
career.
②I ________________ (决定去旅行) to another city.
decided on/upon
decide to travel
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind
yourself that you are a non-smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，你
就提醒你自己：你已经是一个不吸烟的人了。
14．feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
典例 I feel like doing something different today.
我今天想做点别的事情。
Do you feel like a cup of coffee
你想来杯咖啡吗？
拓展 would like to do sth.想要做某事
prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事
运用 完成句子
I don't ________________ (想喝) tea.
feel like drinking
Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times
before you finally stop smoking.如果你要经过多次戒烟才能最
后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。
15．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
典例 I was more disappointed than discouraged.
我不是泄气，而是失望。
拓展 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望
be disappointed at/about/with sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed that-clause 对……失望
运用 完成句子
①Tom wasn't ________________ ( 对听到 …… 感到失望 )
the news.
②When I ________________ ( 感 到 沮 丧 ), I often listen to
music.
disappointed to hear
feel disappointed
If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel
ashamed.如果你意志薄弱而又吸烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
16．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
典例 You should be ashamed of yourself!
你应该为自己感到羞耻！
拓展 be ashamed of (doing) sth.对某事感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth.为做某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed that-clause 对……感到羞耻
运用 完成句子
①She was ________________ (羞愧于告诉) her mother that
she had failed the exam.
②I was ________________ (对……感到羞愧) my behavior
at that time.
ashamed to tell
ashamed of(共8张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Writing
如何写劝告信
本单元的写作体裁是劝告信。作为书信的一种，除遵循常
规的书写格式外，劝告信也有其特殊性。
一、写劝告信时需要注意的几点要求
1．态度要诚恳
劝告信主要体现在“劝”上，它常常用于劝说对方改正错
误以及不良的习惯、放弃错误的决定或行为，也可以劝说别人
采取某种行动。因而，它要求劝说者的语气要做到委婉有礼、
态度诚恳，让对方体会到你的关爱，感觉到你是在设身处地为
其着想或是出于善意、公正、负责任的心理。
2．切中要害
劝告信不仅要“动之以情”，更要“晓之以理”。首先，
我们可以换位思考找出对方问题所在。然后，以对方可以接受
的方式指出问题的后果与危害，起到劝告的作用(如：Advice
from Grandad)
3．让具体事实说话
劝说的成功与否还取决于信中所列的事例是否真实可信。
我们应举出与存在问题相似的例子，使劝告建立在有理有据的
基础上，以便使对方心悦诚服。
4．提出切实可行的建议
帮人帮到底，在劝说的同时给对方提出具体的建议，让对
方看到问题的解决方法与希望，从而树立改正错误的决心。
二、常用的表示劝告、提议的句型和短语
How/What about...
I think you ought to...
Perhaps you should...
You'd better (not)…
You need/needn't...
I suggest you that...
Do/Don't...
You don't have to...
It's (not) a good idea...
It's OK/all right to...
My advice is that...
In my opinion...
请你以“如何取得好成绩”为主题，根据以下的内容提示
写一篇英语短文。
[写作内容]
1．必须学会管理时间。
2．要在弱势科目上多花时间。
3．不要熬夜学习。
4．学会放松，劳逸结合才能取得好成绩。
[写作要求]
1．只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容；
2．短文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总句数。
Dear Daisy，
About how to improve academic performance, here is my
advice：
__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
In my opinion, if you love study and care about it, you can
find the best
method by yourself.
Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Ben
参考范文：
Dear Daisy，
About how to improve academic performance, here is my advice：
First of all, you need to have a good management of your time.I often spend the longest time on my weakest subject, Maths.I do many exercises to practice, and for the rest subjects, I follow a schedule I've made.Besides, I don't sleep late at night to make sure that I can pay much attention to lessons during the day.
In addition to studying hard, you'd better learn to relax yourself, for combining work with rest can help you get good marks.
In my opinion, if you love study and care about it, you can find the best method by yourself.
Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Ben(共6张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using Language
HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK？艾滋病病毒/艾滋病：
你是否面临危险？
1．at risk
解析
at risk 意为“处境危险；遭受危险”，相当于 in
danger。该短语属于“介词＋名词”结构，表示“处于……状
态”，多与 be 动词连用。如：
Millions of lives are at risk because of food shortages.因为食
物短缺，好几百万人处于危险中。
拓展 表示“处于……状态”的短语有：
at ease 轻松
at war 在打仗
at table 在吃饭
in peace 安详地
on duty 值日
at peace 处于和平状态
at school 在上学
in trouble 处于困境中
in a hurry 匆忙地
on strike 罢工
运用 完成句子
①The disease is spreading, and all the children under five
________________ (处境危险) in this country.
②The world isn't ________________ (处于和平状态)．Some
countries are always ______________ (在打仗)．
are at risk
at peace
at war
It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that
a person begins to look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，
人才会显出病态。
2．It is/was...that/who...
解析
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who”用来引导强调
句，其特点就是当把这个强调结构去掉后，剩下的部分在语法
结构和句子含义上仍然是一个完整的句子。强调句可强调句子
的主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语(形容
词或名词充当)。如：
It was Mr.Johnson that/who left all his money to his wife in
1840.
是约翰逊先生于 1840 年将全部财产留给他的妻子。(强调
主语)
It is the youngest son that the father scolded strictly.
父亲严厉批评的是那个最小的儿子。(强调宾语)
It was in the morning that I met the person again.
我是在早上再次碰到那个人的。(强调状语)
运用 完成句子
It's ________________ (在这间教室) that Lily often studies.
in the classroom
Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their
friends because of prejudice.不幸的是，HIV 病毒的携带者有时
会由于偏见而失去朋友。
3．prejudice n．偏见；成见
典例 Pride and Prejudice is one of my favourite novels.
《傲慢与偏见》是我最喜欢的小说之一。
拓展 (1)prejudice against 对……的偏见
We shouldn't have a prejudice against those of a different
color of skin.
我们不应该对不同肤色的人有偏见。
(2)to the prejudice of 不利于，有损于
Harry continued to smoke, to the prejudice of his health. 哈里
继续吸烟，这有损于他的健康。
运用 用 prejudice 及其构成短语的适当形式填空
①They accused him of having a ________________ his
women employees.
②Jim will do nothing ________________ his brother in this
matter.
prejudice against
to the prejudice of
