(共14张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
a general tendency in the way a situation is changing 形
势变化的总的趋势
1．tendency n．倾向；趋势
典例
There is a growing tendency for people to work at
home instead of in offices.
人们在家里而不是在办公室工作的趋势日益增长。
拓展 tendency (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事的倾向
tendency towards/to sth.……的倾向/趋势
运用 完成句子
①He has __________________ ( 逃跑的倾向) standing on the
stage facing so many people.
②The ______________________ ( 和平的趋势) can be seen
clearly now.
a tendency to run away
tendency towards/to peace
On the whole the warming of the earth is a
phenomenon that causes great concern.地球变暖基本上是一个
引起巨大关注的现象。
2．on the whole 大体上；基本上
典例
No citizens pay attention to the effects they have on
the environment on the whole.
基本上，没有市民去关注他们对环境造成的影响。
拓展 as a whole 作为一个整体；整体来看
the whole of 整个……
运用 用 whole 构成的短语填空
①This article is well written ________________.
②We
must
look
at
the
educational
problem
________________.
③________________ the morning was wasted trying to find
the documents.
on the whole
as a whole
The whole of
Low-lying countries feel their very existence is in
danger from rising sea levels.低洼的国家感到他们完全生存在
海平面上升的危险中。
3．existence
解析 existence 是动词 exist 的名词形式，多用作不可数名
词，表示“生存；存在”。如：
It's impossible to prove the existence of God.
无法证明上帝的存在。
拓展 in existence 存在的；现有的
come into existence (＝come into being) 产生；成立
bring/call...into existence 使……产生/成立
运用 完成句子
①This is the tallest building ________________ ( 现有的) in
the world.
②The company________________ (成立) 20 years ago.
in existence
came into existence
it 的用法Ⅱ
本单元的语法点是 it 引导的强调句。it 可以用来对句子的
某一成分进行强调，其基本句型结构为“It is/was＋被强调的成
分＋that/who/whom＋其他成分”。该结构的强调成分仅限于主
语、宾语和状语。
1．强调主语
It was I that/who met Jack on the way to school this morning.
是我今天早晨在上学的路上碰到了杰克。
2．强调宾语或介宾
It is Mary who/whom/that you should ask.
你应该问的是玛丽。
It was to me that she gave the money.她那钱是给我的。
3．强调状语
(1)强调地点状语
It was in Shanghai that I studied four years ago.
我四年前就是在上海读书。
(2)强调时间状语
It was four years ago that I studied in Shanghai.
就在四年前我在上海读书。
(3)强调方式状语
It was in this way that they won the game.
就是用这种方法他们赢得了比赛。
注意：
(1)强调人时，连接词可用 that，也可用 who (作从句的主语)
或 whom (作从句的宾语)；强调物或状语时，连接词只能用 that。
(2)原句的谓语动词时态是过去时，用“It was...”，其余用“It
is...”。如：
It is English that Mr.Wang teaches us.
王老师教我们的是英语。
It was English that Mr.Wang taught us last year.
王老师去年教我们的是英语。
(3)从结构上看，把强调句的结构去掉，剩下的仍是完整的
句子。
(4)强调句的一般疑问句为“Is/Was it...that...”；否定句为“It
isn't/wasn't...that...”；特殊疑问句为“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋
that...”。如：
Is it tomorrow that we will have a meeting
是不是明天我们将有一个会议？
It isn't tomorrow but the day after tomorrow that we will have
a meeting.不是明天而是后天我们将有一个会议。
When was it that you caught a cold
你究竟是什么时候感冒的？
一、完成句子
1 ． ________________ along the Mississippi River
________________ ( 正 是 ) Mark Twain spent much of his
childhood.
2．What ________________ (是) his daughter needs most
3 ．It was Mike and Jim ________________ ( 帮 助) the old
man last week.
4 ． It ________________ ( 是 她 ) people took to a nearby
hospital last night.
5．It was ________________ he came back ______________
(直到……才) he knew the news.
It was
that
is it that
who/that helped
was her that/whom
not until
that
二、句型转换
1．It was at 9 that I called you yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
______________________________________________________
2．I visited the museum with Mary on Sunday.(强调句，强调
时间状语)
______________________________________________________
3．I often help my mother with the housework.(强调句，强调
宾语)
______________________________________________________
When was it that you called me yesterday
It was on Sunday that I visited the museum with Mary.
It is my mother that/who/whom I often help with the housework.
4 ． It was not until ten o'clock last night that my father
returned.(陈述句)
______________________________________________________
5．It's the third time that I have been here.(强调句的一般疑问
句)
______________________________________________________
My father didn't return until ten o'clock last night.
Is it the third time that you have been here (共4张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Writing
如何写英文海报
海报(poster)多是宣传广告，其内容是向广大群众提供球
讯、影讯及演出动态等消息。海报的语言要力求简洁、通俗易
懂，并且要公布时间与地点。
海报的写作格式为：
标题：写在第一行正中间，若无具体内容可直接写
“Poster”。
正文：写在标题的下一行，内容包括写海报的目的、时间、
地点等，最后要在海报右下角写上海报发出者的名称。
为了响应学校发出的“保护环境”的号召，在第一中学上
学的你和你的同学决定在学校组织一次环保活动。请根据以下
的内容提示，以第一中学的名义制作一个环保海报。
[写作内容]
1．活动时间：2012 年 11 月 10 日
2．活动内容：
(1)打扫校园，捡垃圾；
(2)回收各种瓶子和废纸；
(3)在校园里种树；
(4)修理坏掉的水龙头和灯；
(5)开展一次有关环保的演讲比赛。
[写作要求]
1．句子结构准确，内容完整；
2．可以适当的增加细节，使内容连贯；
3．题目已给出。
Poster
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
参考范文：
Poster
In order to answer the call of “Protecting the Environment”， we decide to organize an activity in our school.On November 10, 2012, we will take action to make our school more beautiful.First, we will clean our school and pick up all the rubbish.Also we will recycle cans and waste paper.Then we're going to plant more trees and repair broken taps and lights in our school.Finally, we shall have a speech competition on environment protection.Our activity will begin at 8 on the morning of November 10 in our school.Every student is welcome to join us!
No.1 Middle School(共36张PPT)
Unit 4
Global warming
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
一、课文大意填空
From the passage we know that the (1)__________ of the earth
is on (2)________ ．At the same time, this passage also shows us
people's (3)________ ideas about (4)________ warming, and
analyses the reasons for global warming and the possible impact
based on (5)________ and data.
temperature
rise
different
global
graphs
二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案
1 ． Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere from 1957 to 1977 _____
A．Dr Janice Foster.
C．George Hambley.
B．Charles Keeling.
D．Sophie Armstrong.
2．Dr Janice Foster believes that global warming is caused by
________.
A．burning fossil fuels
C．water vapor
B．green house
D．natural gas
B
A
3．The author probably agrees that ________.
A．actually global warming is good for man
B．we should do nothing about the global warming
C．catastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warming
D ．a lot remains to be found out about the effects of global
warming
D
4．Which is NOT the effect of global warming ______
A．The sea level will rise.
B ．Severe storms, droughts, famines, the spread of di-seases,
and destruction of species will happen.
C．Crops will produce less.
D．Plants will grow faster.
5．What is the main idea of the passage _____
A．Global warming.
C．Economic crisis.
B．Air pollution.
D．Tsunamis.
C
A
Dr Janice Foster George Hambley
Carbon dioxide has caused the
global temperature to
(1)________．An increase of five
degrees would be a (2)________
and could be very (3)________． More carbon dioxide is a
(4)________ thing, which makes
crops produce (5)________ and
will encourage a (6)________
range of animals.
三、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格
The different ideas between Dr Janice Foster & George
Hambley
go up
catastrophe
serious
positive
more
greater
So how has this come about and does it matter？这种温
度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？
1．come about 发生；造成
典例 Do you know how the accident came about
你知道车祸是怎么发生的吗？
拓展 come along 一起来；进展
come across (偶然)遇见
come up 发生；举行
come up with 提出
come out 出现；出版；(消息)传开；(观点)公开
运用 用 come 及其构成短语的适当形式填空
①I'm going to see a movie today. Do you want to _________？
②An earthquake ________________ in that country two
months ago.
③Her wedding is ________________ soon.
④It was getting dark and the moon was ________________.
⑤I ________________ a friend in KFC yesterday.
come along
came about
coming up
coming out
came across
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer
(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this
global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见表 1)，但全球变暖是人为的，而不
是随意的自然现象。
2．There is no doubt that...
解析
There is no doubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”，that
引导的从句为名词 doubt 的同位语从句，进一步解释“怀疑”
的具体内容。如：
There is no doubt that shortsightedness is a serious problem
among the youth of our country.
毫无疑问，近视在我国年轻人中是一个严重的问题。
运用 完成句子
________________ (毫无疑问) you'll be warmly welcomed.
There is no doubt that
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in
the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like
coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家都赞
成这个观点，人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气
和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。
3．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.签署(文件)；捐助
典例 He didn't subscribe to my proposal.
他不赞同我的建议。
He subscribed his name to the form.他在表上签了名。
拓展 subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购，订阅
运用 完成句子
①I have never ________________ ( 同 意 ) the view that
schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
②The lawyer invited his client to ________________ ( 签署)
the affidavit (宣誓书)．
subscribed to
subscribe
The problem begins when we add huge quantities of
extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们在大气层中增
加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
4．quantities of 大量的
解析 quantities of 表示“大量的”，既可用来修饰可数名
词复数，也可用来修饰不可数名词，其谓语动词要用复数。如：
Quantities of paper products are produced in this factory.这家
工厂生产大量的纸制品。
Trees can give off quantities of water every day.
树木每天可以释放出大量的水分。
拓展 (1)a quantity of 大量的(后接谓语动词用单数)
in quantity 在数量上；大量地
in large quantities 大量地
(2)表示“大量的”的常用短语有：
①只可修饰可数名词：
many, many a ( 谓语动词用单数 ), a great/good many, a
great/large number of/numbers of
②只可修饰不可数名词：
much, a great/large amount of/amounts of, a good/great deal
of
③既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词：
a lot of/lots of, a quantity of/quantities of, plenty of
运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空
①Quantities of food ________ (be) put on the table.
②A large quantity of apples ________ (be) sold out.
are/were
is/was
It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in
the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味
着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
5．tend
解析 (1)vi.趋向；易于；照顾
Old people tend to get fat.老年人容易发胖。
(2)vt.照顾；护理
She is good at tending little children.
她擅长照看小孩。
拓展 tend to do sth.倾向做某事
tend to/towards sth.倾向于某事
tend (to) sb./sth.照顾某人/某物
运用 完成句子
①We hire a girl to __________________ ( 照顾孩子们) for a
few hours each day.
②The drug is effective but ________________ ( 易于) cause
headaches.
tend (to) the children
tends to
6．go up 上升；增长；升起
典例 Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up.
水果和蔬菜的价格已经上涨了。
拓展 go by 经过；消失
go down 下降；下沉
go over 复习；仔细检查
go through 经历；遭受
go on 发生；继续
运用 用上面所提供的短语的适当形式填空
①We hope the water level in Changjiang River will stop
________________.
②You're supposed to ________________ the goods before
you sign.
going up
go over
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more
fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dio-xide.
他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致
了二氧化碳的增加。
7．result in 导致
典例 Our actions can result in disaster.
我们的行为会引起灾难。
辨析 result in/result from
(1)result in 意为“导致；结果是”，指引起某种结果，即
主语是因，宾语是果。如：
Any of these may result in serious injury or death.
这些中的任何一个都会导致严重的伤害或死亡。
(2)result from 意为“起因于”，指某种结果起因于某事，
即主语是果，宾语是因。如：
Two conclusions result from this fact.
从这一事实中可以得出两个结论。
运用 用上面所提供的辨析短语的适当形式填空
①The flood ________________ a considerable decrease in
production.
②His failure________________ not working hard enough.
resulted in
resulted from
On the other hand, there are those, like George
Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we
should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
在另一方面，还有一些人，像乔治·汉布利，他们反对上面的观
点，认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
8．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
典例 His motion was opposed by most directors.
他的提议遭到了大多数董事的反对。
拓展 oppose oneself against/to...(使)某人反对……
be opposed to 反对……
运用 完成句子
①His parents were ________________ (反对) their son's rush
decision.
②The young man _____________________ ( 使他自己反对 )
the new policy on behalf of his group.
opposed to
opposed himself to/against
They predict that any warming will be mild with few
bad environmental consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会
很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
9．consequence n．结果；后果；影响
典例 Such a mistake may lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能会导致灾难性的后果。
拓展 as a/in consequence 因而；结果
in consequence of 由于……的缘故
take the consequences (of) 承担(某事的)后果
of little consequence 意义不大，无足轻重
运用 完成句子
①________________ (结果), the man failed in the game.
②The cake went bad ________________ (由于……) the hot
weather.
③The confident girl thinks that beauty ________________
(意义不大) to her.
As a/In consequence
in consequence of
is of little consequence
“...it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of
which will make life for human beings better.” “……它还会
促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
10．range
解析 (1)n.种类；范围
There is a full range of activities for children.
这里给孩子们提供各种活动。
She has a wide rang of interest.
她有广泛的兴趣爱好。
(2)v.排列；归类于；变化；延伸
The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.
卡片以字母顺序排列。
The prices of leather shoes range from 100 to 250 dollars.皮鞋
的价格从 100 美元到 250 美元不等。
拓展 in/within the range of 在……的范围内
in range with 和……并列
a range of 一系列的；一排
range from...to...在……到……范围内
运用 完成句子
① The watches ________________ ( 在 这 个 范 围 内 ) are
priced at 24.50 dollars.
②The show had a massive audience, ____________________
(范围从孩子到) grandparents.
③I offered her ________________ (一系列的) opinions.
within/in this range
ranging from children to
a range of
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the
atmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。
11．build up 聚集；集结；增强；建立
典例 The clouds are building up.乌云正在聚集起来。
The weightlifting built up his body.
举重增强了他的体质。
She built up my confidence.她帮我树立了信心。
拓展 build on 加/扩建；建立在……(基础)上
运用 完成句子
①Many a big business has been ________________ ( 聚 集 )
from small ones.
②The
company
donated
1
million
dollars
to
________________ (增强) its honour.
③You can ________________ ( 建 立 在 …… 基 础 上 ) what
other people did, and provide things for other people to
________________ (在……基础上构建)．
built up
build up
build on
build on
Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on
warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳
和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候
仍会持续转暖。
12．even if
解析 even if 意为“即使”，相当于 even though，用于引
导让步状语从句。若从句所假设的事情难以实现，则从句的谓
语动词要用虚拟语气。如：
We'll go even if it rains.即使下雨我们也要去。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he
stole it.
就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。
运用 完成句子
________________ ( 即 使 ) it will take me six weeks, I am
determined to finish the task.
Even if/though
13．keep on
解析 keep on sth./doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。如：
They kept on working after dark.
天黑后他们还继续工作。
If we keep on our way for another hour, we should reach the
village.
如果再继续向前走一小时， 我们就到那个村子了。
拓展 keep off 躲开，避开
keep to 坚持，信守
keep up 保持良好状态；保持；继续；不落后，赶得上
keep one's feet 站稳，不跌倒
辨析 keep on doing/keep doing
(1)keep on doing 强调“继续干某事”，其动作是时断时续
的，常与表示短暂动作的动词连用。如：
She kept on asking me what the time was.
她一直在问我几点了。
(2)keep doing 强调“不间断地或持续地做”，常与表示延
续动作的动词与静止状态的动词连用。如：
The machine kept running.机器一直在运转。
运用 用上面所提供的辨析短语的适当形式填空
①Though it was raining, they ________________ reaping (收
割) the rice.
②I ________________ standing in the train all the way.
kept on
kept(共9张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using Language
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about
glo-bal warming.我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题。
1．on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
典例
We attended the global meeting on behalf of our
country.我们代表我们国家参加了这次全球会议。
on one's behalf (＝on behalf of sb.)代表某人；作为某
拓展
人的代言人
运用 完成句子
I will take part in the English speaking competition
________________ (代表) my school.
on behalf of
There are many people who have a commitment like
yours, but they do not believe they have the power to do
anything to improve our environment.有很多人跟你有同感，但
是他们却不相信自己有能力来改变环境。
2．commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉
典例 His political commitment is only skin-deep.
他政治上的承诺只是表面文章。
拓展 make a commitment to sb.向某人作出承诺
运用 完成句子
She doesn't want to ________________________ (对……作出
任何承诺) him.
make any commitment to
We do not have to put up with pollution.我们不必去忍
受污染。
3．put up with 忍受；容忍
典例 I cannot put up with my noisy roommates.
我忍受不了我那吵闹的室友们。
拓展 put away 收好
put up 搭建；张贴
put down 放下；记下；平息 put out 扑灭
put on 穿上
put off 推迟
运用 完成句子
①I wonder how you ________________ (忍受) her.
②She washed the cups and ________________ (把它们收好
了)．
③________________ (放下) that book and help your mother
with the housework.
put up with
put them away
Put down
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as
you are using it—if not, turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你
便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
4．so long as 只要
解析 so long as 意为“只要”，用来引导条件状语从句，
相当于 as long as。如：
We can arrange everything so long as we have enough time.只
要有足够的时间，我们就能安排一切。
运用 完成句子
________________ ( 只要) you are happy, I will accompany
you for ever.
So/As long as
Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if
circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许，可以把罐头盒、瓶
子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用。
5．circumstance n．环境；情况
典例 He was forced by the circumstances to do this.
他做此事是为环境所迫。
拓展 in/under no circumstances
在任何情况下决不；无论如何不
in/under the circumstances
在这种情况下；情况既然这样
运用 完成句子
①___________________________ ( 在这种情况下 ) he felt he
couldn't accept this requirement.
②_______________________ ( 在任何情况下都不能 ) should
you lend Paul any money.
In/Under the circumstances
In/Under no circumstances
Remember—your contribution counts! 记住，你的贡献
是很有价值的！
6．contribution n．贡献
解析
contribution 意为“贡献”，既可作可数名词，也可
作不可数名词，常构成短语 make a contribution/contributions to
sth./doing sth.如：
Robots can make a contribution to finish tough work. 机器能
为完成艰难工作做出贡献。
运用 完成句子
The invention of paper was __________________ (对……的一
大贡献) human civilization.
a great contribution to
