Section Ⅴ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers (defend) him.
2. Anyone breaking the law will be (severe) punished.
3. Denis worked as an (assist) at a bookstore during the summer holidays.
4. The manager fell into confusion facing the two (contradiction) opinions on the plan.
5. Catherine is a (gift) teacher and never talks down to her students.
6. Staying at home if possible is a safe way to avoid the (infect) from the epidemic.
7. The museum collection (vivid) shows the scenes of the canal 200 years ago.
8. New (find) have been found from the polluted areas.
9. Training is worthless unless there is (prove) that it works.
10. The policy is partly (blame) for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
答案：1. to defend 2. severely 3. assistant
4. contradictory 5. gifted 6. infection 7. vividly
8. findings 9. proof 10. to blame
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
break out, be in charge of, come down with,above all, subscribe to, thanks to, return to, take on, dream of, be familiar with
1. He is always standing on the stage and performing with the famous pianist.
2. Whatever the fashion or the material is, , chairs should be comfortable.
3. They had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
4. that job, I became a person who loves reading.
5. Mr Bruno the accommodations of us exchange students last year.
6. They called us back to make us feel at ease after their hometown.
7. He grew up in the countryside and all kinds of farm work.
8. this project means a lot of extra work and little rest within three months.
9. Tony asked for a leave because of a cold.
10. Only a quarter of the members the managers’ plan of expanding the business of the company.
答案：1. dreaming of 2. above all 3. broke out 4. Thanks to
5. was in charge of 6. returning to 7. is familiar with
8. Taking on 9. coming down with 10. subscribed to
Ⅲ. 句式仿写。
1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
句式:v.+疑问词+to do
仿写:她想不出儿童节该送孩子们什么礼物。
2. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
句式:主语+be+表语从句
仿写:事实是派对上没人注意到他。
3. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
句式:so that 引导目的状语从句
仿写:他写下了我的地址以便能够记住它。
4. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
句式:Sb be likely to do ...
仿写:她可能会向你掩饰她的真实想法。
5. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
句式:make+宾语+宾语补足语
仿写:他对音乐的兴趣使他成为一位出色的钢琴家。
答案：
1. She couldn’t think of what to give the children for Children’s Day.
2. The fact was that no one noticed him at the party.
3. He wrote down my address so that he could remember it.
4. She is likely to hide her real ideas from you.
5. His interest in music has made him an excellent pianist.
Ⅳ. 微写作。
利用本单元所学词汇、句型翻译句子并连句成篇。
1. 乔(Joe)主管我们的学习,他被认为是一位优秀而富有天赋的老师。
2. 他总认为我们因思想懒惰而应当受到责备。
3. 多亏了乔的帮助,我们的错误大大减少了。
4. 一天,乔由于患了流感(flu),病得很厉害,因而我们一致同意去医院照顾他。
5. 他向我们报以微笑,说我们是他的好助手。
6. 我们建议他首要的是多休息,我们还等着他讲述生动的故事呢。
答案：
Joe, considered to be an outstanding and gifted teacher, is in charge of our study. He always thinks we are to blame for lazy thinking. Thanks to his help, our mistakes are decreasing substantially. One day, Joe came down with the flu and fell sick severely, so we subscribed to attending to him in the hospital. He cast a smile to us, saying we were his good assistants. We advised he (should) take more rest above all and we are waiting for his vivid stories.
[提升测评]
Ⅴ. 阅读理解。
A
Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist ... Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came into contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 27, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London—meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating(展示) new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork(软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells—the smallest units of life.
Another achievement of Hooke’s was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion(燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater(火山口) on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science.
1. Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments
A. He liked designing experiments.
B. His family needed his support.
C. He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
D. His parents couldn’t afford his education.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!”可推知,胡克接受实验馆长一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。故选A。
答案：A
2. What does the underlined word “pastimes” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Jobs. B. Experiments.
C. Hobbies. D. Structures.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境和第三段第二句“He invented a compound microscope for this purpose.”可推知,pastime的意思是“爱好”。故选C。
答案：C
3. What do we know about Hooke from the text
A. He went to Oxford in 1645.
B. He was well paid in the Royal Society of London.
C. He made a contribution to medicine.
D. His book Micrographia may have helped Newton.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.”可知,胡克的《显微图志》这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。故选D。
答案：D
4. What does the last paragraph intend to prove
A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century.
B. Hooke was good at making discoveries.
C. Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one field.
D. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science.” 可知,胡克的贡献并不局限于一个领域。故选C。
答案：C
B
As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasn’t interested in science—until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set for Christmas.
“Over the course of a few weeks, I’d completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parent’s dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner,” she says.
Now science is Buckley’s job. She works in the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realise, first-hand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great,” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-home chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a one-off experiment, what’s cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose,” Prunuske says. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Long agrees. “Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s important, that it matters.” Citizen-science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster(星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen-science projects helped scientists learn where butterflies go every winter.
Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. That’s one reason they hope that fun, exciting citizen-science projects can help them keep in touch, Long says. And she has some evidence that it’s working. “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now.’”
5. What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A. To support trials can make teens interested in science.
B. To prove failure is the mother of success in science.
C. To state Buckley has a talent for science.
D. To praise Buckley for her strong will.
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段提到乔安娜·巴克利小时候对科学并不感兴趣,直到她有机会尝试了一下。文章第二段讲述了乔安娜·巴克利在实验过程中的经历。由此可知,第二段是为了支持第一段作者的观点:只有做了实验才能对科学感兴趣。故选A。
答案：A
6. Why is citizen science more fun
A. It carries out experiments frequently.
B. It must carry out experiments in groups.
C. It needs to seek for new solutions.
D. It demands to handle complex problems.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-home chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.”可知,公民科学更有趣是因为它需要寻找新的解决办法。故选C。
答案：C
7. What can we know from what Prunuske said
A. She participated in the experiment.
B. She took pride in what students took up.
C. Citizen science is popular with students.
D. Scientists are willing to employ students.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“Compared with a one-off experiment, what’s cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose ...”可推知,公民科学受学生欢迎。故选C。
答案：C
8. What is Long’s attitude towards citizen science
A. Concerned. B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. That’s one reason they hope that fun, exciting citizen-science projects can help them keep in touch, Long says. And she has some evidence that it’s working.”可推断出,Long对于公民科学项目是支持的。故选B。
答案：B
C
Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist
The Free Dictionary defines(定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. 9 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
10 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience
11 There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification(及时满足的) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical(道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial(商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. 12
Working habits
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. 13 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally with others to find something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C. Scientists have to think differently to make discoveries.
D. The research laboratory is an important working place for scientists.
E. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
F. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
G. He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed.
9. 解析：空处与前文“The Free Dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.” 相呼应,都是对科学家的定义,选项E符合语境。
答案：E
10. 解析：根据下一句“Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.”可知,一位优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇,选项B符合语境。
答案：B
11. 解析：根据下一句“There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.”可知,成为一名科学家需要很长时间,选项A符合语境。
答案：A
12. 解析：根据前文“A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest.”可知,这段是介绍科学家对待发现的原则。选项F“However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.(然而,没有强有力的证据,这种信仰不应改变。)”是承接上一句话来描述的,符合语境。
答案：F
13. 解析：下一句“He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally with others to find something new.”讲述的是科学家的工作方式,由句中的also可知本空也是介绍科学家的工作方式。选项G“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed.”描写的是科学家可以单独或团体工作,这取决于工作的需要,符合语境。
答案：G
Ⅵ. 完形填空。
Moshe Kai Cavalin is a young man from San Gabriel, California. Yet he has already 1 so much. He has a university degree in maths. This year he started online classes in computer science and, it 2 him that NASA called to offer work after 3 him in the past because of his age. Meanwhile, he was encouraged to develop 4 at will. He just published his second book and planned to have his airplane pilot’s license by the year’s end.
Still, Cavalin insists that he’s a(n) 5 person rather than a genius. He credits his parents with years of focused instruction balanced by the 6 to pick his after-school activities. “My case isn’t that special. It’s just a combination of parenting and 7 ,” he says.
His parents say he was always a 8 study. At 4 months, he pointed to a jet in the sky and said the Chinese word for airplane, his first word. Cavalin 9 the limits of his home schooling after studying trigonometry(三角学) at age 7. 10 , his mum started driving him to community college.
But his rapid rise hasn’t been without 11 . Early in college, he once 12 being an astrophysicist(天体物理学家). But he 13 interest when he started taking advanced physics classes. At that time, software fascinated him, which led him towards computer science, which 14 to be a better fit. Ricardo Arteaga, his boss at NASA, says Cavalin is 15 for a project that combines maths, computer and aircraft technology.
1. A. suffered B. achieved
C. learned D. contributed
解析：suffer遭受;achieve取得成就;learn学习;contribute奉献。根据下文的“He has a university degree ... the year’s end.”可知,Cavalin虽然年纪轻轻,但是已经拥有了大学学位,还被美国国家航空航天局雇用,并且已经出版了两本书,还计划取得飞行员执照,此处用“取得成就”符合语境。
答案：B
2. A. disappointed B. satisfied
C. surprised D. relieved
解析：disappoint使失望;satisfy使满意;surprise使吃惊;relieve缓解。根据下文的“NASA called to offer work after 3 him in the past because of his age”可知,美国国家航空航天局之前因Cavalin年龄的问题拒绝过他的工作申请,现在却打电话给他,为他提供工作,这让Cavalin很是意外。
答案：C
3. A. refusing B. connecting
C. employing D. consulting
解析：refuse拒绝;connect连接;employ雇用;consult咨询。根据“because of his age”可知此处用“拒绝”符合语境。
答案：A
4. A. careers B. habits
C. abilities D. hobbies
解析：career职业;habit习惯;ability能力;hobby爱好。根据下文的“He just published his second book ... by the year’s end.”可知,Cavalin刚出版了自己的第二本书,并计划在年底取得飞行员执照,故可知他被鼓励自由地发展业余爱好。
答案：D
5. A. intelligent B. ordinary
C. fortunate D. aggressive
解析：intelligent智慧的;ordinary普通的;fortunate幸运的;aggressive挑衅的。根据空后“rather than a genius”可知,Cavalin坚持认为自己是普通人而非天才。
答案：B
6. A. freedom B. access
C. limit D. guide
解析：freedom自由;access通路;limit限制;guide指导。根据上文的“he was encouraged to develop 4 at will”可知,Cavalin被鼓励自由地发展业余爱好,freedom对应上文的at will。
答案：A
7. A. competition B. regulation
C. motivation D. restriction
解析：competition竞争;regulation规则;motivation积极性;restriction约束。根据上文可知,Cavalin被鼓励自由地发展业余爱好,再结合语境可知,此处表示他认为他的成功是父母的养育和自己的积极相结合的结果。
答案：C
8. A. careful B. quick
C. clever D. happy
解析：careful仔细的;quick快的;clever聪明的;happy快乐的。根据下文的描述可知,Cavalin在4个月大的时候就说出了他的第一个词,在7岁的时候就开始去社区大学学习了,故此处用 a quick study“学东西快的人”符合语境。
答案：B
9. A. changed B. hit
C. created D. defined
解析：change改变;hit碰到;create创造;define下定义。根据下文的“his mum started driving him to community college”可知,Cavalin 7岁时,在学习了三角学之后就达到了家庭教育的上限,即家庭教育已经满足不了Cavalin学习的需要了,hit the limits “达到极限”。
答案：B
10. A. However B. Besides
C. Instead D. Therefore
解析：however然而;besides此外;instead相反;therefore因此。根据上下文可知,此处表示因果关系。
答案：D
11. A. twists B. difficulties
C. struggles D. barriers
解析：twist转变;difficulty困难;struggle挣扎;barrier障碍。根据下文“Early in college, he once 12 being an astrophysicist.”可知,Cavalin的兴趣发生过变化。
答案：A
12. A. gave up B. objected to
C. dreamed of D. went on
解析：give up放弃;object to 反对;dream of梦想;go on继续下去。根据语境,尤其是下文的“But he 13 interest when he started taking advanced physics classes ... towards computer science ...”可知,在大学初期,Cavalin曾想当一名天体物理学家,故此处用“梦想”符合语境。
答案：C
13. A. added B. lost
C. showed D. generated
解析：add增加;lose失去;show展示,表现;generate发生,形成。根据语境以及but 表示转折可以推断,此处表示“失去兴趣”。
答案：B
14. A. came out B. brought out
C. put out D. turned out
解析：come out开花,出版; bring out出版,激发;put out熄灭;turn out证明是,结果是。根据句意可知,Cavalin转而学习计算机科学这件事结果被证明是更好的选择。
答案：D
15. A. perfect B. anxious
C. grateful D. ready
解析：perfect完美的;anxious焦虑的,迫切的;grateful 感激的;ready准备好的。根据第一段中的“NASA called to offer work”以及Cavalin的自身经历可知,Ricardo Arteaga认为Cavalin非常适合结合了数学、计算机和航空器技术的项目。
答案：A
PAGESection Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
阅读理解。
第一节
A
Not all research begins with a plan.Some studies begin by accident. Meredith Schafer says that is what happened to her and Cynthia Sagers.
Cynthia Sagers is a biology professor at the University of Arkansas. Meredith Schafer is a graduate student.
They were travelling in the state of North Dakota on a project. They noticed pretty yellow flowers.
They recognised them as canola. Farmers grow canola for seeds to make cooking oil.
But the canola plants they saw were not growing in farm fields. They were growing along the road.
The researchers decided to test the plants. They had brought along special testing papers for the project they were working on.
The results showed that the weedy canola plants contained genetic changes. If a plant is genetically modified, that means its genes have been changed to produce desired qualities.
Then the researchers from Arkansas went back to North Dakota. This time they went on a road trip to find canola. They travelled more than 5 thousand kilometres.
What they found, they say, was the first discovery in the United States of wild canola plants with modified genes.
The scientists found canola plants in almost half of the places they investigated. They tested a total of 288 plants. They found that 80% of those plants contained genes from genetically engineered canola.
Some crop plants are modified to resist damage from the chemicals that farmers spray to kill weeds. There are two proteins that can give canola the ability to resist two commonly used weed killers. One protein gives resistance against glyphosate. The other protein gives resistance against glufosinate.
1. Which of the following about Meredith Schafer is NOT true
A. Meredith Schafer is a female.
B. Meredith Schafer is a graduate student.
C. Meredith Schafer is the first person who discovered wild canola plants with modified genes in the US.
D. Meredith Schafer comes from the state of North Dakota.
解析：细节理解题。根据第八段第一句“Then the researchers from Arkansas went back to North Dakota.”可知,Meredith Schafer来自Arkansas,而非North Dakota。故选D。
答案：D
2. How many plants tested by the researchers contained genes from genetically engineered canola
A. About 58 plants.
B. About 230 plants.
C. 288 plants.
D. More than 5,000 plants.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段后两句“They tested a total of 288 plants. They found that 80% of those plants contained genes from genetically engineered canola.”可知,总共检测了288株作物,其中80%的作物含有转基因油菜花中的基因,即288×80%≈230。故选B。
答案：B
3. Glyphosate and glufosinate are two kinds of .
A. weed killers B. proteins
C. crop plants D. genes
解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段后三句可知,有两种蛋白质可以帮助油菜花抵抗常用的两种除草剂,一种蛋白质用来抵抗glyphosate,另一种用来抵抗glufosinate。由此可知,这是两种除草剂。故选A。
答案：A
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton,who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆).
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley’s comet, in his honour.
4. How did Halley make his discovery
A. By doing experiments.
B. By means of his own careful observation.
C. By using the work of other scientists.
D. By chance.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知,哈雷的发现是他在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。
答案：C
5. When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A. In 1704. B. In 1705.
C. In 1706. D. In 1707.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.”可知,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。
答案：B
6. What is the text mainly about
A. Halley and other scientists.
B. The orbit of a comet.
C. Newton and Halley.
D. Halley and his discovery.
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章主要向我们讲述了科学家哈雷以及他发现哈雷彗星的故事。故选D。
答案：D
C
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labour without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day labourer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J. A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired Joy Satisfaction No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
7. What surprised the scientists a few years ago
A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a labourer’s blood.
B. Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work.
C. A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
D. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue toxins.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired.”可知,单纯的脑力劳动时间长了不会让人感觉到累。故选D。
答案：D
8. According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired
A. Challenging mental work.
B. Endless tasks.
C. Unpleasant emotions.
D. Physical labour.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.”可知,让坐着工作的人感到疲劳的是厌烦、愤怒、焦虑、紧张、忧虑以及不被欣赏等情感。故选C。
答案：C
9. What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas
A. He/She doubts them.
B. He/She agrees with them.
C. He/She argues against them.
D. He/She hesitates to accept them.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired.”可知,作者认为这一发现意义重大,由此可以看出作者是赞同这个观点的。故选B。
答案：B
第二节 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to be a scientist If you’d like to be one, you should lay the foundation(基础) for the task ahead. 10
Take the necessary classes in high school. You’ll need to do well in mathematics. 11 You can also consider going to a science camp during high school. There you’ll do more intensive projects than you do in your regular science classes in school.
Start out with the basics in college. You’ll need to take basic courses in biology, chemistry and physics to equip yourself with the basics of each science, as well as the scientific method of observing and experimenting. Skills in one or two foreign languages may be helpful as well, in order to read older scientific papers that are written in foreign languages. 12
13 After you’ve gotten your feet wet and you’re familiar with the directions this work could take you, choose a major in a more specific(具体的) branch of science.
Develop your writing skills. You’ll also need to write well as a scientist, both to get money for your research and to publish your results in scientific magazines. 14 Always be reading scientific journals and keep up with the field. You’ll be in those journals yourself, in time. Look over their work for structure and the basics of a good scientific paper.
A. Get a higher education.
B. Be patient, and think creatively.
C. There’s a guide for the preparation work.
D. Choose a major in a field that interests you.
E. Scientists in the physical sciences use a great deal of mathematics.
F. The most helpful languages to learn include French, German and Russian.
G. Classes in English in high school and technical writing in college will help you improve your skills.
10. 解析：根据第一段中的“If you’d like to be one, you should lay the foundation for the task ahead.”并结合下文给出的建议可知,本句承上启下,应为说明有一个关于准备工作的指南。故选C。
答案：C
11. 解析：根据空前一句“You’ll need to do well in mathematics.”可知,此处是讲数学的重要性,本空说明要学好数学的原因是科学家要用大量的数学知识。故选E。
答案：E
12. 解析：根据空前一句“Skills in one or two foreign languages may be helpful as well, in order to read older scientific papers that are written in foreign languages.”可知,此处主要讲应学习一到两门外语,故本空应为列举应学习哪些语言。故选F。
答案：F
13. 解析：根据文章结构可知,空处是本段的主旨句,结合下文内容“After you’ve gotten your feet wet and you’re familiar with the directions this work could take you,choose a major in a more specific branch of science.”可知,这里讲的是选专业的问题。故选D。
答案：D
14. 解析：根据本段主旨句“Develop your writing skills.”可知,本段主要讲的是培养写作技巧,G项中的technical writing与本段主旨相符。故选G。
答案：G
Reading and Thinking (2)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against
(infect).
2. Not his teachers but the student himself is to (blame) for his failure in the exam.
3. Police statistics show that violent crime is the decrease.
4. The information from the robots on Mars has given a scientific (prove)whether water exists there.
5. The boy was curious about how the waste paper was
transformed model kites.
6. The fire had (severe) damaged the warehouse before the firefighters arrived.
7. He was suspected giving away government secrets to the enemy.
8. All the doors are free of (handle) and can open automatically.
9. I helped him (pure) out of friendship.
10. The forest fire is likely (lose) control if no effective measures can be taken.
答案：1. infection 2. blame 3. on 4. proof
5. into 6. severely 7. of 8. handles 9. purely
10. to lose
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
subscribe to, attend to, in general, used to,
be to blame, so that, in time, thanks to,
die from, be determined to
1. Sometimes parents for their children’s bad behaviour at school.
2. Many wild animals including birds have the forest fire in Australia.
3. The suspect the fact that he had entered the victim’s room.
4. , a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man without knowledge.
5. Many graduates donated their used books more students can benefit from their kind behaviour.
6. Doctors from across the country are the patients at the risk of getting infected.
7. Encouraged by the story of the great scientist, Linda carry on her education.
8. The cause of the power failure was found out after a one-hour examination.
9. your timely warning, we avoided wasting a lot of time in carrying out the project.
10. My family live in the city but now we have moved to the countryside.
答案：1. are to blame 2. died from 3. subscribed to
4. In general 5. so that 6. attending to 7. is determined to
8. in time 9. Thanks to 10. used to
Ⅲ. 语法填空。
In the times of Queen Victoria people were exposed to cholera, a deadly disease. Neither its cause nor its cure 1. (know). Once there was 2. outbreak, so many thousands of terrified people died. John Snow, a well-known doctor who once attended 3. the queen, was determined 4. (solve) the problem. One of the 5. (theory) said that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. He subscribed to it 6. he needed proof. He made a map, 7. (mark) the exact places where the victims had lived. As a result, he could announce the 8. (true) that what was to blame for it was the water from the pump. Later, through investigation, he found people were 9. (little) likely to get cholera if they drank pure or boiled water. Thanks to John Snow, “King Cholera” was defeated 10. the way scientists study diseases was also transformed.
答案：1. was known 2. an 3. to 4. to solve 5. theories 6. but 7. marking 8. truth 9. Less 10. and
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
Robert Jarvik,born on May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamford, is a medical scientist and researcher, who played an important role in the invention of the artificial heart. He was interested in medicine from a young age. He watched his father perform operations and gained a patent(专利权) for a machine applied in the medical operation before he graduated from high school.
Jarvik attended Syracuse University and considered a career in art. When his father developed heart disease suddenly, he decided then to work on a medical career. He applied to medical schools, but was not admitted to any schools in the US. Before long, he was admitted to the medical school in Italy and stayed there for two years. He returned to get a degree in medicine from New York University in 1971.
After working for a period of time, Jarvik got a job in the organ transplant(器官移植) programme at the University of Utah in 1972. He worked with the director of the programme, Willem Kolff, who invented the kidney dialysis(肾透析) machine.
By the time Jarvik came to the University of Utah, the organ programme had already developed the primary artificial heart. He improved it by creating a diaphragm(横膈膜), which solved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be placed in a human patient, which was considered one of the most important inventions in human history.
Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering from serious heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant on December 2, 1982. He lived for 112 days after the operation, but the transplant was considered a success.
1. How does the author develop the text
A. By comparing opinions from different fields.
B. By following the natural time order.
C. By discussing research experiments.
D. By presenting some research results.
解析：细节理解题。本文是一篇人物传记,主要介绍美国著名的医学科学家Robert Jarvik在发明人造心脏方面做出的巨大贡献。通读全文可知,作者依据时间先后顺序对Robert Jarvik进行了介绍。故选 B。
答案：B
2. What do you know about Robert Jarvik from the text
A. He was good at observation and made an invention when he was young.
B. He was born and raised in the same place where his parents worked.
C. He began to help his father from a young age when he performed operations.
D. He was admitted to an American medical school soon after he graduated from college.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He watched his father perform operations and gained a patent for a machine applied in the medical operation before he graduated from high school.”可知,Robert Jarvik看他爸爸做手术并在高中毕业前获得一项专利,由此可以推断他善于观察并做出了发明。故选A。
答案：A
3. What is the greatest achievement for Robert Jarvik as a medical scientist
A. He created the first artificial heart in 1981.
B. He invented the kidney dialysis machine.
C. He did the first heart transplant operation.
D. He created a diaphragm to fit inside a heart.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be placed in a human patient, which was considered one of the most important inventions in human history.”可知,Robert Jarvik创造了人类历史上第一个人造心脏,这是他作为医学科学家的一个最伟大的成就。故选 A。
答案：A
Ⅴ. 完形填空。
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science 6 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 7 many important truths.
Galileo (1564-1642), 8 , who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 9 could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 10 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 11 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal metal balls and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s spirit of going direct to nature, and proving our 12 and theories by experiment, that has 13 all the discoveries of modern science.
What 14 those people good scientists From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 15 scientists are those whose observations have produced better results.
1. A. use B. sense
C. speed D. trust
解析：use使用;sense意识;speed速度;trust信任。根据语境可知此处是make full use of“充分利用,充分使用”这一固定词组。
答案：A
2. A. relied B. based
C. insisted D. centred
解析：rely依靠;base基于;insist坚持;centre集中。根据该空前的“He doesn’t accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知,此处是be based on这个固定词组,表示“以……为基础,基于……”。
答案：B
3. A. casually B. carefully
C. quickly D. privately
解析：casually随便地;carefully仔细地;quickly迅速地;privately私下地。结合空前的“He always checks ideas”和空后的“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处表示仔细地核查想法。
答案：B
4. A. date B. keep
C. look D. come
解析：date back追溯到;keep back阻止;look back回顾;come back回来。由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知,现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。
答案：A
5. A. command B. suspect
C. suggest D. conclude
解析：command命令;suspect怀疑;suggest建议;conclude推断。根据空后的内容可知,这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议。
答案：C
6. A. in B. with
C. on D. by
解析：根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。
答案：D
7. A. brought B. discovered
C. handled D. announced
解析：bring带来;discover发现;handle处理;announce宣布。结合空后的“many important truths”可知,他本人发现了很多重要的真理。
答案：B
8. A. however B. therefore
C. seldom D. never
解析：上文说Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学的人,此处表示转折,然而,伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。
答案：A
9. A. truths B. problems
C. investigations D. subjects
解析：truth事实;problem问题;investigation调查;subject主题。由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知,很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。上文中的“many important truths”也是提示。
答案：A
10. A. although B. because
C. when D. if
解析：根据“Aristotle said so”可知,这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。
答案：B
11. A. place B. foot
C. top D. ceiling
解析：结合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal metal balls”可知,伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。
答案：C
12. A. plans B. opinions
C. world D. ability
解析：plan计划;opinion观点;world世界;ability能力。与空后的“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和看法。
答案：B
13. A. led to B. turned to
C. set up D. put forward
解析：lead to导致;turn to转向;set up建立;put forward提出。这里是说正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。
答案：A
14. A. makes B. prevents
C. considers D. promises
解析：make使得;prevent阻止;consider考虑;promise许诺。结合下文中的“scientists are those ...”可知,此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。
答案：A
15. A. reasonable B. successful
C. expert D. sensitive
解析：reasonable合理的;successful成功的;expert熟练的;sensitive敏感的。结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道,成功的(successful)科学家是那些通过观察取得更好的成就的人。
答案：B
PAGE(共24张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
写一篇有关科学精神的文章
1. 通过阅读课文和范文,总结归纳人物故事的篇章框架结构和描写人物品质、性格、个性的词汇及句式。
2. 根据情景需要,运用所掌握的关于人物特征介绍的词汇、句式和语篇知识写一篇有关科学精神的文章,并在写作中恰当使用衔接词语,使行文连贯。
下面是一篇介绍科学家的短文。仔细阅读,试着总结一下此类人物故事的篇章框架结构及其语言特点。
Huang Xuhua, one of the most famous modern scientists in China, is called the Father of China’s Nukes. He has made great contributions to China’s science. He was presented the State Top Science and Technology Award on January 10, 2020.
He was born in a rich family. In order to make our country stronger, he gave up the chance to be a doctor, but tried to learn how to make/build nuclear submarines(核潜艇). Although the conditions were very hard at that time, he concentrated on studying nukes. Under Huang’s leadership, China overcame all kinds of difficulties until the first nuclear submarine, Long March I, came out in 1970.
However, you can’t imagine how much difficulty he had carrying out his research and experiments. To protect the national security, he chose to follow the command from the country without any complaints, and concealed his identity. For about 30 years, he was unknown to others,even his parents. And now he still keeps working hard even though he is over 90 years old.
His story explains to us what the great love for the people and country is. Therefore, he is the pride of our country and we are all inspired by his heroic deeds and spirit, which will be carried on forever.
答案: 开头:贡献 中间:事迹 结尾:精神
回顾本单元及以前学过的关于科学家的故事及科学精神的文章,总结一下相关的常用表达。
1. 词汇
优秀品质:
性格特点:
特征评价:
艰难困苦:
身处困境:
克服困难:
答案:
优秀品质:patriotic, devoted, selfless, diligent, hard-working, brave, faithful, loyal,responsible, dedicated (有奉献精神的), persevering(不屈不挠的), honest, helpful, heroic, ambitious, modest, upright, thoughtful, tireless(孜孜不倦的), trustworthy
性格特点:active, optimistic, outgoing, easy-going, kind, friendly, careful, cautious, enthusiastic, humorous, open-minded
特征评价:well-respected, well-known, famous, influential, knowledgeable, learned, noble, outstanding, brilliant, creative, aggressive, honoured, moving, reliable, charming, gifted, talented, determined, energetic, intelligent, confident, efficient, capable, popular, imaginative
艰难困苦:difficult, tough, hard, harsh
身处困境:in trouble/difficulty, in hot water, in a(n) difficult/embarrassing situation/position, in a tight place, in hardship and danger, in poverty
克服困难:overcome difficulties/obstacles, get over the difficulties, clear away all the difficulties/trouble, challenge oneself(挑战自我), address the issue, stick to, never give up, get sth through to the end(坚持到底)
2. 句型
巨大贡献:
无私奉献:
无怨无悔:
克服困难:
树立榜样:
得失并存:
荣耀他人:
感到骄傲:
值得尊敬:
学习伟人:
答案:巨大贡献:He/She (has) made outstanding contributions to science in his/her field.
无私奉献:He/She put the work well above his/her life. He/She devoted all his/her life to it.
无怨无悔:However hard it was, he/she still stuck to it and never made any complaints.
克服困难:You can’t imagine how much trouble he/she had carrying out his/her work.
树立榜样:He/She set us a good example through his/her heroic deeds/devoted attitude in work.
得失并存:Although they had lost a lot, they offered our country a lot more precious.
荣耀他人:He/She is an honour to both us and our country.
感到骄傲:We are proud of him/her for his/her courage/selflessness/great achievements/contributions.
值得尊敬:He/She is well-respected nationwide/across the country for his/her glorious mission and breathtaking achievements.
学习伟人:We should learn from the great person and serve the people heart and soul.
请你用英文向你的同学介绍一下著名女科学家居里夫人(Madame Curie)。
提示:
1. 世界著名女科学家,1867年出生于波兰(Poland)一个教师家庭;
2. 从小爱学习并希望成为科学家, 24岁赴巴黎,在巴黎大学读书,生活很艰难,但她学习非常刻苦;
3. 一生致力于科学研究,在科学上无私奉献,并于1898年发现了镭(radium),在1903年和1911年分别获得诺贝尔物理奖和化学奖;
4. 她作为一位伟大的女科学家将永远为人们所怀念。
要求:
1. 词数80左右;2. 不可逐字翻译。
答案:
Madame Curie was a world-famous woman scientist. She was born in a teacher’s family in Poland in 1867 and died in 1914. From her childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. At 24 she left for Paris and entered Paris University. She lived a very simple life and studied very hard. Madame Curie
devoted her whole life to scientific research, made selfless contributions in science and discovered radium in 1898. She won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911.
She will always be remembered as a great woman scientist.
写完之后,同伴之间或者小组成员之间互换批改,找出习作中的不足或错误,然后再结合别人的反馈进行修改完善。批改的时候可以参考下表。
项目 角度 具体评价(结合习作
写出具体内容)
文章
结构 是否结构清晰,思路流畅
主题
词汇 是否充分有效运用了【素材积累】中的主题词汇(在右栏写出所用到的词汇)
主题
句型 是否充分有效运用了【素材积累】中的主题句型(在右栏写出所用到的句型)
衔接
词语 是否恰当使用了衔接词语
知识
错误 单词拼写、语法错误等
其他
不足
整体
评价 ☆☆☆☆☆
请写一篇英语短文,向同学们介绍一下你所了解到的钟南山的故事,并写下自己的感受。
关键词:
1. 身份:medical scientist
2. 个性:knowledgeable; influential; careful; cautious; strict; selfless; patriotic
3. 行为:make contributions (SARS in 2003; COVID-19 in 2020); shoulder the responsibility; save lives; make no complaints
4. 印象:well-respected; honour
答案:
Zhong Nanshan, a most famous and influential medical scientist in China, is quite familiar to everyone.
He is quite knowledgeable and has been working in the medical world for over 60 years. His careful and cautious attitude in his work has been influencing everybody. More importantly, he has a patriotic, devoted and selfless heart, putting his work before everything, even his life. He has made great contributions in fighting against SARS in 2003, achieving a complete
success. From that time on, his name has been remembered by all Chinese. Although over 80 years old, facing the new severe epidemic COVID-19 in 2020, he decisively shouldered the heavy burden at the risk of losing his own life. He made no complaints and stayed at the front line 24 hours a day. Leading his medical group, he worked tirelessly to find possible solutions and medicine for the disease. He encouraged all the doctors to hold on and never give up. He changed the attitude doctors took to treat rare diseases.
His heroic deeds evoked the respect for the doctors and nurses across the country. It was medical workers like him that saved the Chinese again.
In my mind he is a well-respected person and an honour to our country. As students, we should learn from Mr Zhong to develop a mind of serving the people, serving our country and serving the world.(共69张PPT)
Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”主题中的科学和科学家。整个单元讲述了几位中外科学家的生平、经历、研究过程和重要贡献,以及近年来中国在科技创新方面取得的伟大成就,还呈现了一些有趣的科学体验、科学现象、研究发明,并探讨了未来的科学发展趋势、科学与艺术的关系等。本单元各板块的活动主题如下:
语篇类型 1. 记叙文:JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”;THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE; A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT;DA VINCI’S WORLD;
2. 议论文:AI AND HUMAN BEINGS;
3. 其他类型:图片、音频、视频等
语言知识 主题词汇 疾病与健康:cholera diarrhoea dehydration infection germ protein epidemiology cell virus vaccine plasma break out come down
程度与数量:severe multiple substantial decrease furthermore besides above all
状态与品质:raw pure patriotic outstanding gifted steady brilliant vivid
观点与感受:frustrated contradictory subscribe to initial abstract
科技与学科:aerospace microscope aviation missile jet telescope statistic astronomy
物质名词:water pump handle solid shadow rainbow concrete
生活交往:household intervention link leadership subscribe blame cast pour in charge of
专业人士:mechanic assistant astronomer
认知活动:proof thinking finding framework concept suspect transform defend trace shift
语法 表语从句(One theory was that bad air caused the disease.)
语篇 记叙文的常见文体结构和语言特色
语言知识
语用 谈论科学现象:
... can/cannot exist in the form of a solid/gas and a liquid/plasma ...
... is both a ... and a ... at the same time ... how light/sound is reflected ...
... the existence of other ... This occurs when ...
If you ..., it will become ... That demonstrates ...
This experiment/research shows ... Through this, we know that ...
We can prove that ... This evidence proves ...
文化知识 1. 了解世界著名科学家的伟大成就和优秀品质,开阔文化视野,增强对“科技无国界、科技可以改变世界”的认识;
2. 培养从多角度观察和处理问题的批判性和创造性思维
语言技能 1. 通过预测和设问理解语篇的意义;
2. 充分利用图片预测听力内容;
3. 能够口头叙述自己参与科学探究活动的经历,并描述常见的科学现象;
4. 能够写一篇文章,分析伟大科学家的品格和素养,阐述科学精神的内涵;
5. 通过观看视频了解一项新发明,拓展视野
学习策略 1. 结合所学词汇归纳常见词缀,使用构词法理解和记忆词汇;
2. 能够在阅读中主动发问,并积极主动地探究答案,从而深化对文章主题和内涵的理解;
3. 利用语篇衔接词和短语等衔接手段,有逻辑地组织信息
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
1. 通过研读语篇、梳理信息、分析结构,了解科学研究的基本步骤,并能在阅读中自主发问,深化对文章主题和内涵的理解。
2. 通过约翰·斯诺的事迹理解质疑精神在科学研究中的重要作用,思考科学研究对人类的影响。
3. 使用本课所学词汇,描写一位自己喜欢或者熟悉的医学家。
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义。
1. The rare disease is so severe( ) that it has caused many deaths.
2. In order to avoid the infection( ) from others, we should wear a mask when going out.
3. New proof( ) should be found to identify the real source of the disease.
4. Through observation, the experts suspect( ) that the water from the well might be dangerous.
5. Police are blaming ( ) the accident on dangerous driving.
6. Tom couldn’t open the door, for the handle( ) went wrong.
7. In remote regions, the air is pure( ) and the crops are grown in a green way.
8. The new solution led to a huge decrease( ) in the number of COVID-19 victims.
9. Although black and white are contradictory( ) in colour, they can sometimes match each other very well.
10. Money can’t be regarded as a link( ) between happiness and sadness.
答案: 1. 十分严重的 2. 感染 3. 证据 4. 怀疑
5. 把……归咎于 6. 把手 7. 干净的 8. 减少
9. 对立的 10. 联系;纽带
Ⅱ. 短语含义匹配。
( )1. die from
( )2. in time
( )3. once and for all
( )4. in general
( )5. be determined to do
( )6. be to blame
( )7. as a result of
( )8. thanks to
( )9. attend to
( )10. subscribe to
A. 及时;最终
B. 应当负有责任
C. 总的说来
D. 同意;赞同
E. 照料
F. 幸亏;由于
G. 下决心去做
H. 最终地;彻底地
I. 由于
J. 死于
答案： 1. J 2. A 3. H 4. C 5. G 6. B
7. I 8. F 9. E 10. D
Ⅲ. 根据句意及汉语提示写出正确单词。
1. The daily lives of the villagers were badly affected by the (极为恶劣的) weather.
2. What he said today was quite (相互矛盾的) to what he stated at the meeting.
3. Air, water, clothing and insects are all possible means of (感染) at the present time.
4. The blood on his shoes was a (证据) of his guilt.
5. Senior students have (多种多样的) choices in the face of deciding which subjects to learn.
6. Chinese digital economy is growing faster as more and more (家庭) love to choose between fixed, mobile and Internet services.
7. The customs official (怀疑) the man of carrying drugs and began going through his suitcase.
8. Mosquitoes are to (责怪) for many diseases, Ebola included.
9. The warming of the earth is the reason for the (减少) number of many species in the sea.
答案: 1. severe 2. contradictory 3. infection
4. proof 5. multiple 6. households
7. Suspected 8. blame 9. decreasing
10. transforming
10. Smartphones are (使改变形态) the way people spend their time.
Ⅳ. 完成句子并背诵。
1. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
Cholera one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
2. 后来,他成了一位名医,甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。
, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
3. 关于霍乱的蔓延方式,当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。
, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
4. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。
Snow the second theory.
5. 他决定要找出其中的原因。
He find out why.
6. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
Snow suspected that the water pump .
7. 于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed
it could not be used.
8. 幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera,
the work of John Snow.
答案: 1. used to be 2. In time; attended to
3. In general 4. subscribed to
5. was determined to 6. was to blame
7. so that 8. thanks to
Ⅴ. 背景知识阅读。
John Snow was born in York, England, on March 15th, 1813. His father worked as a labourer in a coal yard. He was the first born in a family of nine children. At age 14, after spending his early years at a school in York, he left home and pursued three consecutive(连续的) medical apprenticeships(学徒期) in various regions of Yorkshire. In 1831, when visiting coal miners, he had his first encounter with cholera, a disease that would later become the focus of his scientific endeavours(努力). By 1836 Snow had begun
his formal medical education, eventually receiving a doctor of medicine degree (1844) from the University of London. In 1846 Snow learned of the use of ether(乙醚) in America to relieve pain during surgery. He soon mastered its use, and in 1847 he was appointed as anesthesiologist(麻醉师) at St. George’s Hospital. In 1849 he became a licentiate (licensed specialist) of the Royal College of Physicians of London, rising to an elite level in the medical profession. At that time, in London and across the country, outbreaks of cholera were widespread. It was believed to be an airborne disease.
However, Snow did not accept this theory and set out his own ideas in his work. In 1854, during an outbreak of cholera in London, Snow was able to further investigate his theories, finally finding the source of cholera and helping end the fatal disaster.
Activity 1: 学习理解
Step 1: Look at the title “JOHN SNOW DEFEATS ‘KING CHOLERA’” of the text.
1. What might be the profession of John Snow
2. What does “King Cholera” refer to
3. What might the text mainly tell us
答案: 1. A doctor.
2. A serious disease.
3. The text might mainly tell us the story of how John Snow overcame (the problem caused by) the serious disease “King Cholera”.
Step 2: Read the text and the following answers, and then write down the questions you would ask in the blanks. You can do this with your partner and tell each other your reasons for your answer.
1. Q: What
A: Millions of people died from the disease.
2. Q: How
A: He marked on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
3. Q: Why
A: Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases by using maps and statistics.
答案: 1. happened when cholera broke out in the early 19th century
2. did John Snow begin his investigation
3. is Snow considered the father of modern epidemiology
发问
在阅读过程中,我们不免会对文章内容有所质疑和深思。因此,在读完部分篇章后提出问题是培养阅读理解能力的一项重要技能。这可以让我们进一步加深对文章内容的理解,培养个人的批判性思维,从多个角度、多个层面来理解文章内容。
发问时,不要拘泥于形式,可以是细节,也可以是文章主题等。要经常发问,久而久之,我们应对各种题型可能就会游刃有余。
Step 3: Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A. The most feared disease in the world.
B. The general background of John Snow’s study.
C. Snow’s service to Queen Victoria.
D. The victims of cholera.
2. What can we know from Snow’s map
A. No death happened in House No. 37.
B. The most deaths were in House No. 16.
C. People on Cambridge Street were all lucky.
D. No. 21 household didn’t use the water pump.
3. Why did Snow have the handle of the pump removed
A. To try another way for water.
B. To change it for a new one.
C. To cut off the source of the germs.
D. To save the woman and her daughter.
4. How did Snow further prove his idea
A. He showed a link between cholera cases and water.
B. He asked people to drink the water from Thames.
C. He had the water from the Broad Street pump infected.
D. He proved boiled water wouldn’t lead to cholera.
5. What is the influence of John Snow’s efforts
A. Water quality has got improved.
B. The threat of cholera has stopped.
C. The way to prevent cholera is found.
D. No more victims died from cholera.
答案: 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C
Activity 2: 应用实践
After reading this text, talk about your opinion about John Snow.
答案: John Snow is an excellent scientist, who wins my sincere respect. He sets us an example on how to practise one’s idea, especially in scientific research, which is based on investigation and experiments.
Activity 3: 迁移创新
Write a short passage to introduce one of your favourite or most familiar medical scientists.
答案:
Tu Youyou, born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China on December 30th, 1930, is a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist(药学家) and educator. She is best known for discovering artemisinin(青蒿素) which is used to treat malaria(疟疾) and has saved millions of lives. She won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in October 2015. She
is the first Chinese woman to win this prize. She said artemisinin is a gift from China and from traditional Chinese medicine to the world, to millions and millions of people, especially poor children, all over the world who have malaria.
As a result of working under poor conditions for a long time, Tu Youyou has some health problems. But she says she won’t stop studying or working.
Reading and Thinking (2)
1. 通过观察例句,探究归纳以下词汇和句式的含义及用法: contradictory, subscribe, suspect, blame, decrease, thanks to, transform, Sb/Sth be likely (not) to do ...,并在语境中灵活运用。
2. 运用所学主题词汇及相关句式对课文进行概要写作。
1. contradictory
【观察思考】
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. (教材第2页)
关于霍乱的蔓延方式,当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。
His private actions are contradictory to his publicly expressed opinions.
=His private actions are in direct contradiction to his publicly expressed opinions.
他私下的行为与他公开表达的观点恰恰相反。
The contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution should be our top concern.
我们应该重点关注经济发展和环境污染之间的矛盾。
【探究总结】
(1)contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
be contradictory 与……相矛盾/不一致
(2)contradict vt. & vi. 反驳;驳斥;与……相矛盾,相反
contradict oneself 自相矛盾
(3)contradiction n. 反驳;驳斥;矛盾;对立
① contradiction 与……相矛盾
②contradiction A and B A和B之间的矛盾
答案: (1)to (3)①in; to ②between
【应用实践】
完成句子。
①What the company offers him (与……相矛盾) what it promised earlier.
②He (自相矛盾) and denied what he said during an interview with the media.
③ (……之间的矛盾) the two boys comes from running for the captain of the football team.
④The present situation is in (与……相矛盾) people’s expectations.
答案:①is contradictory to
②contradicted himself
③The contradiction between
④contradiction to
2. subscribe
【观察思考】
Snow subscribed to the second theory. (教材第2页)
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
We subscribe to several sports channels.
我们付费收看好几个体育频道。
As a successful businessman, he subscribes regularly to the local charity.
作为一个成功的商人,他定期向当地慈善机构捐款。
Each employee may subscribe for up to ￡2,000 worth of shares.
每位员工最高可以认购价值2 000英镑的股份。
【探究总结】
(1)subscribe vi. ① ②
③
(2)subscribe 同意;赞同
答案: (1)①定期订购(或订阅) ②定期交纳(会费);定期捐款 ③认购(股份) (2)to
【应用实践】
写出subscribe to 在句中的含义。
①She has been determined to subscribe to an environmental action group from this year. ( )
②My main reason for subscribing to New Scientists is to keep updated on advances in science. ( )
③I’ve personally never subscribed to the view that men are always better than women in science. ( )
答案: ①定期捐款 ②订阅;定期订购 ③同意;赞同
3. suspect
【观察思考】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (教材第2页)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
Why do you suspect the truth of the information
你为什么怀疑这消息的真实性
The police suspect him of having taken the money.
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
They suspect Wilson to be the thief of the mobile phone, but I don’t agree with them, for I have been staying with him all day long.
他们怀疑威尔逊是那个偷手机的贼,但是我不同意他们的观点,因为我一整天都和他在一起。
【探究总结】
(1)suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任
①suspect ... 怀疑……
②suspect sb sth/doing sth 怀疑某人某事/做某事
③suspect sb ... 怀疑/猜想某人是……
(2)suspect n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
答案: (1)①that ②of ③to be
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①Doctors are carrying out an emergent test on the (suspect) infection.
②The disease is suspected causing over 200 deaths.
③The police suspected the taxi driver (be) a liar.
答案: ①suspected ②of ③to be
4. blame
【观察思考】
It seemed that the water was to blame.
看起来水是罪魁祸首。
He blamed you for the neglect of duty.
他责备你玩忽职守。
Don’t blame it on him, but on me.
别怪他,该怪我。
I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.
我准备承担这一错误的责任。
He tried to lay/put the blame on his partner in order to avoid being punished.
为了逃避惩罚,他试图把责任推卸给他的同伴。
【探究总结】
(1)blame vt. 把……归咎于;责怪;指责
①be for sth 应当为某事担责;对(坏事)负有责任
②blame sb sth 因某事责备某人
③blame sth sb 把某事怪到某人头上;把某事的责任归咎于某人
(2)blame n. 责备;指责
① the blame for 为……承担责任
② the blame sb 把责任推卸到某人身上
答案: (1)①to blame ②for ③on
(2)①take ②put/lay; on
【应用实践】
用blame及其相关短语填空。
别再指责杰克了。他已经因为他的失误受到指责了。另外,该受到指责的是他的伙伴,因为他把所有的责任都推到杰克身上了。
Don’t ① Jack any more. He ②
his mistake. What’s more, it is his partner who
③ , as he ④ Jack.
答案:①blame ②has been blamed for
③is to blame ④laid/put all the blame on
5. decrease
【观察思考】
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. (教材第3页)
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
Many ladies are trying to lose weight by decreasing their meals.
许多女士试图通过减少进餐来减肥。
The unemployment rate has decreased by 3% compared with that of last year.
和去年相比,失业率已经下降了3%。
The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.
独立公司的数量从198家减少到了96家。
The new treatment led to a huge decrease in the number of deaths.
新的疗法使死亡率大幅减少。
Fortunately, the number of cyclists running a red light is on the decrease.
幸运的是,骑自行车闯红灯的人数在减少。
【探究总结】
(1)decrease n. 减少;降低;减少量
① the decrease 在减少
②a/some decrease 在某方面减少/下降
(2)decrease vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
①decrease 减少了(表程度)
②decrease 减少到(表结果)
③decrease 在某方面减少/下降
答案: (1)①on ②in (2)①by ②to ③in
【应用实践】
用适当的介词填空。
①The number of clubs has decreased one third of last year.
②Arctic summertime sea ice is decreasing over 7% a decade as a result of global warming.
③Through the tireless efforts of the government, air pollution has been the decrease.
④There could be a slight decrease his weight but he eats too much.
答案: ①to ②by ③on ④in
6. thanks to
【观察思考】
Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. (教材第3页)
幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
Thanks for your interesting ideas, but we need practical suggestions to get us out of the mess.
谢谢你提出的有趣的想法,但我们需要实际的建议来摆脱困境。
Children had to stay at home all day long because of the bad weather.
由于天气不佳,孩子们只能整天待在家里。
The sports meet has been put off due to the rain.
由于下雨,运动会被推迟了。
Owing to the road construction, we had to take another way.
由于道路施工,我们不得不另寻他途。
【探究总结】
(1)thanks 幸亏;由于
(2)thanks 感谢……
(3)thanks to 的近义短语:
because of 因为
due to 因为;由于
owing to 由于
答案: (1)to (2)for
【应用实践】
完成句子。
① (多亏了) Chinese people’s hard work and wisdom, China has evolved into the second largest economy.
② (感谢) your attending my birthday party and I feel very happy.
③He failed in the experiment (由于) his carelessness in the process.
答案:①Thanks to ②Thanks for
③because of/due to/owing to
7. transform
【观察思考】
... Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. (教材第3页)
……斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
Mr. Orland transformed his backyard into a flower garden after retirement.
奥兰德先生退休后把他的后院改成了花园。
The ugly caterpillar has transformed into a beautiful butterfly.
那只丑陋的毛毛虫已经变成了一只漂亮的蝴蝶。
探究总结】
(1)transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态
vi. 改变;转变
①transform 转变成……
②transform ... ... 把……转变成……
答案: (1)①into ②into
(2)transformation n. 转变;改变
【应用实践】
完成句子。
①我们应该设法将热转化为能量。
We should try to
.
②这位音乐家可以把一首歌改成任何风格。
The musician can
any style.
答案: ①transform heat into power
②transform a song into
8. Sb/Sth be likely (not) to do ...
【观察思考】
The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. (教材第3页)
与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。
It is likely that the rain will not stop this morning.
今天上午雨可能停不了。
It is likely for the delivery man to send the package this afternoon.
今天下午快递员可能把包裹送达。
It is possible that the letter got lost in the post.
有可能那封信在邮寄过程中弄丢了。
I think it is possible for him to accept our invitation.
我认为他有可能会接受我们的邀请。
【探究总结】
(1)Sb/Sth be likely (not) ... 某人/某物可能(不)会……
(2) likely that ... 很可能……
(3) possible/probable that ... 可能……
(4)It is likely/possible ... 某人/某物可能会……
答案: (1)to do (2)It is (3)It is
(4)for sb/sth to do
【应用实践】
一句多译。
我父母可能不会让我去看电影。
① that my parents will not allow me to go to the cinema. (likely)
②My parents allow me to go to the cinema. (likely)
③ that my parents will not allow me to go to the cinema. (probable)
④ for my parents not to allow me to go to the cinema./ my parents will not allow me to go to the cinema. (possible)
答案: ①It is likely ②are likely not to
③It is probable ④It is possible; It is possible that
课文概要写作
回顾课文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要(尽可能多地运用本部分所学词汇和句式)。
答案:
John Snow is a famous British doctor and he is considered the father of modern epidemiology. He was concerned about the deadly threat of cholera. He stuck to the theory that cholera is likely to originate from germs in food or water. Through drawing a map and collecting relative statistics, he confirmed his theory. Thanks to John Snow’s tireless efforts, people are clear about how to prevent cholera.(共12张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
1. 在语境中观察感知表语从句的功能与意义。
2. 通过自主探究,总结表语从句的使用规则,并感受英语语言的特点。
3. 通过多种形式和多层次的练习,能够熟练运用表语从句进行口头和书面表达。
表语从句
一、表语从句的引导词
【观察思考】
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是它是否值得做。
I’d like to start my own business—that is what I’d do if I had the money. 我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱我将会做的事情。
We are still behind the other classes and this is why we should work harder. 我们仍然落后于其他班级,这就是我们要加倍努力的原因。
It is because he was careless. 那是因为他粗心。
The reason why I didn’t attend the conference was that I was too busy.
我没有参加会议的原因是我太忙了。
It sounds as if/though somebody is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
【探究总结】
表语从句的引导词主要有以下五种。
(1) 引导的表语从句:仅起连接作用,无意义,不作任何成分,但不能省略。
(2) 引导的表语从句:表示“是否”,不能换为连词if。
(3) 引导的表语从句:在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、状语等成分,且各有各的词义。
(4)连词 引导的表语从句: 通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because ...”结构中。当主句的主语是reason时,其后面的表语从句要用 引导,而不能用because。
(5)连词词组 也可引导表语从句:意为“好像,仿佛”。
答案: (1)that (2)whether (3)wh-词和how
(4)because; that (5)as if/though
【应用实践】
用合适的连接词填空。
①The question is we can make good preparations in such a short time.
②As a famous singer once said, life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
③The problem is one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
④The library was he spent his spare time in college.
⑤My worry is I can turn to in case the computer crashes.
答案: ①whether ②what ③that ④where
⑤who/whom
二、表语从句的特殊句型
【观察思考】
The thick smog covered the whole city. It looked as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市,看起来好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。
From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。
The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
他上学迟到的原因是错过了早班车。
【探究总结】
(1)as if/as though引导的表语从句:
as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem、 appear、 、 taste、 sound、 feel、 smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。
(2)其他形式的表语从句:
①“This/That/It is why+表语从句(表结果)”表示“这/那就是……的原因”。
②“This/That/It is +表语从句(表原因)”表示“这/那是因为……”。
③“The reason why ... is +表语从句”表示“……的原因是……”。
答案: (1)look (2)②because ③that
【应用实践】
用合适的连接词或连接词组填空。
①The reason why I was sad was he didn’t understand me.
②It looks he had been to America.
③Maybe that’s he got angry with me.
④I think it is you are too tired.
答案: ①that ②as if/though ③why
④becauseSection Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. The mountain is no longer it used to be.
2. He drove a sick child to hospital on his way. That was he was late for work today.
3. Last summer holidays were she travelled around China with her parents.
4. Without his support, we wouldn’t be we are now.
5. What surprised us was he worked out the problem in such a short time.
6. My decision is all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
7. What the students really doubt is the sports meet can be held on time.
8. This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
9. He looks he hasn’t had a square meal for weeks.
10. The truth is she is the very person we are looking for.
答案：1. what 2. why 3. when 4. where 5. how
6. that 7. whether 8. what 9. as if/as though 10. that
Ⅱ. 完成句子。
1. It looks (似乎要下雨了).
2. What is known to us is (月亮绕着地球转).
3. My suggestion is (我们告诉他这个结果).
4. What she told you was (藏在她内心深处的事情).
5. This is (我父母是怎样旅行的) when they were young.
6. All that should be decided is (手术是否应该做) on her at her home tonight.
7. He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. That is (因为他在出差) in another city.
8. The dog remained (在原来的地方), waiting for its master.
答案：1. as if/though it is going to rain
2. that the moon travels around the earth
3. that we tell him the result
4. what was hidden in her deep heart
5. how my parents travelled
6. whether an operation should be made
7. because he was on business
8. where it was
Ⅲ. 句型转换(用表语从句转换)。
1. We are short of money. That is the trouble.
→
2. His father was ill. That’s why he was sent to find the doctor.
→
3. Both his daughters have become college students.
He is proud of it.
→
4. He seems to know the city very well.
→
5. Mr Bland often does his experiments with his son. They do it in his study.
→
答案：1. The trouble is that we are short of money.
2. The reason why he was sent to find the doctor was that his father was ill.
3. What he is proud of is that both his daughters have become college students.
或That both his daughters have become college students is what he is proud of.
4. It seems as if/as though he knows the city very well.
5. His study is where Mr Bland often does his experiments with his son.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 语法填空。
It was reported 1. there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning. No one saw 2. on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured.
3. will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain 4. the car driver was guilty. 5. the police should do now is 6. they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge; that was 7. how the accident happened was not clear. Perhaps the reason was 8. the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn’t admit the fact 9. he was overspeed driving at the turning. The police doubted 10. what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
答案：1. that 2. what 3. Who 4. Whether 5. What 6. that
7. because 8. that 9. That 10. whether
Ⅴ. 阅读理解。
A
Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World
Tiera Guinn
The scientist hasn’t yet graduated from college, but Tiera Guinn’s already doing rocket science. The MIT(麻省理工学院) senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She’s an aerospace major with high credit points who also works as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing is building for the US.
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. She became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.
Jane Goodall
The most famous primate(灵长目) scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn’t just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behaviour of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat.
Rachel Carson
In the 1960s, one environmental scientist’s voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson’s. Her article,“Silent Spring”, warned of the dangers of pesticides(农药) and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation’s environmental history.
1. What is Tiera Guinn’s greatest achievement
A. She entered the best university of the world.
B. She has been learning the newest rocket science.
C. She has helped build a big and powerful rocket.
D. She is a top student employed by a famous company.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The MIT senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made.”可知,Tiera Guinn最大的成就是帮助建造了一枚美国有史以来最强大的火箭。故选C。
答案：C
2. What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for
A. She was the first woman with the advanced education.
B. She was a pioneer of the women’s health in the US and the UK.
C. She founded the first women’s school in the United Kingdom.
D. She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821,was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States. She became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.”可知,Elizabeth Blackwell在1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔,她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性,后来成为美国贫困女性健康的活动家,并在英国成立了一所女子医学院,即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。故选B。
答案：B
3. Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement
A. Tiera Guinn.
B. Jane Goodall.
C. Rachel Carson.
D. Elizabeth Blackwell.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The most famous primate scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights.”可知,Jane Goodall是历史上最著名的灵长类动物科学家,她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名,即为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。故选B。
答案：B
B
I left England for Sydney in September. It was a career move for my husband, and our 20-year-old daughter was feeling adventurous and decided to come, too. However, just before leaving England, my 79-year-old mother suffered a stroke(中风). Being strong and independent, she continued to live at home with the help of social services. But she couldn’t look after the garden. I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organisation offering volunteer help. Friends asked me what I planned to do in Australia, and I told them I would be looking for a volunteer position with a gardening charitable organisation. Imagine my surprise when I found just the organisation I had been looking for—Easy Care Gardening (ECG)!
There are several reasons why I volunteer for ECG. Firstly, as a newcomer to Australia I meet many great people who, like me, volunteer some of their time. We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others.
Secondly, through working with ECG I have been lucky enough to explore Sydney’s North Shore that I might not have had the chance to visit otherwise.
Finally, there are all those wonderful people we call clients(客户), but who are more like friends when we visit them often and tend their gardens. What great people I have met, and the stories they have to tell—the family histories, where they come from and the reasons for immigrating to Australia! I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens which, in many cases, have been the joy of their owners for many years. Each one is individual and reflects the character, needs and the history of each family. Indeed, the gardens reflect the multicultural and historical background of Sydney.
4. Why did the author move to Sydney
A. Her husband would work there.
B. She planned to volunteer there.
C. She was very keen on adventures.
D. She had to look after her sick mother.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“It was a career move for my husband”可知,作者搬到悉尼是因为她丈夫到悉尼工作了。故选A。
答案：A
5. What made the author choose to be a gardening volunteer
A. The popularity of ECG.
B. The tips of her friends.
C. Her own experience.
D. Her gardening skills.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二、三句“I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organisation offering volunteer help. Friends asked me what I planned to do in Australia, and I told them I would be looking for a volunteer position with a gardening charitable organisation.”可知,作者选择成为一名园艺志愿者是因为自己的经历。故选C。
答案：C
6. What do the volunteers at ECG have in common
A. They make friends with their clients.
B. They like to explore Sydney’s North Shore.
C. They are of similar ages and backgrounds.
D. They are kind-hearted with the same interest.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others.”可知,这些义工的共同特点是热爱园艺工作而且都热心。故选D。
答案：D
7. What does the underlined word “one” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Client. B. Garden.
C. Reason. D. Joy.
解析：代词指代题。画线词所在句的意思是“每个(花园)都很独特,而且反映了每个家庭的特点、需求和历史”。故选B。
答案：B
PAGE(共11张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Listening and Speaking
1. 利用图片预测听力内容,能够听懂谈论科学探究体验活动的对话,把握对话的核心内容和重要细节。
2. 谈论和分享自己的科学探索经历,用简单的语言描述复杂的科学现象。
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义。
Little Tony is very helpful, helping his mother wash dishes
( ) and clean up the table after dinner.
2. Many children are now spending too much time staring at the screen( ) of their mobile phones.
3. Using a mirror to reflect( ) sunshine onto others faces was one of the favourite tricks we did as children.
4. The moon cast( ) a bright light over the yard.
5. You can’t see your shadow( ) until you step into the light.
6. Soon the rain stopped, the sun came out, and a beautiful rainbow( ) appeared across the sky.
答案: 1. 盘;碟 2. 屏幕 3. 反射 4. 投射 5. 影子
6. 彩虹
Ⅱ. 背景知识阅读。
Science and technology is developing fast, which can be seen in all fields of human life. Many of the modern devices using highly-advanced science and technology are just beyond our imagination. They can help us carry out various scientific experiments, such as magnifying your voice and carrying it a long way, getting you to dance on a giant piano with your feet, or making you see yourself reflected thousands of times and so on. Modern science and technology allows us to find the mysteries of the macro
and micro objects and the things in the universe through self-experience; besides, our world is sure to become clearer and clearer with the help of it.
Pre-listening: Look and say.
Look at the pictures on page 6 of the textbook and answer Exercises 1 and 2.
While-listening: Listen and write.
Listen to the conversation twice and finish Exercises 3 and 4 on page 6 of the textbook.
Post-listening: Speak and play.
1. (应用实践)Suppose you’re Amy Jones. Try to tell what the museum can offer the students according to the notes you made during your listening.
2. (迁移创新)Make a short presentation and explanation about a scientific phenomenon.
答案:
2. Today, I want to talk to you about a very interesting phenomenon called magic air. You can do it easily with a glass, water and a piece of hard paper as presented here in front of me. Magic air is indeed surprising because we often ignore that air exists around us, but it proves its existence this time. Fill the glass with water and cover it with
the paper by keeping your hand on it. Now, turn the glass over, and make sure it is upright. Then, remove your hand slowly but keep the cover where it is. You will find the water will magically remain in the glass without dropping off. This experiment shows that it is air that holds up the water from falling. So air can really offer magic power although invisible.
借助图片进行听前预测
预测可以帮我们获取听力材料中的更多内容,而通过图片进行预测能够让我们猜测要听取什么样的信息,有时甚至可以准确地猜测到材料内容。这样,在听的过程中我们的注意力会更加集中。要点:
1. 认真观察图片信息(人物、内容)。
2. 结合个人已掌握的知识进行判断、预测。
