(共42张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking (1)
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. The bad weather ruined( ) our trip. It was a great pity.
2. He has never recovered from the shock( ) of your brother’s death.
3. David had a car accident a year ago and has suffered( ) from back pain from then on.
4. I was trapped( ) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
5. With the electricity( ) cut off, all the machines had to stop working.
6. He breathed( ) deeply before speaking again.
7. Though they made every effort( ) to put out the fire, many houses were burnt to the ground.
8. After he died, he was buried( ) in his hometown.
9. It’s natural that we grow in wisdom( ) as we grow older.
10. It is usually easier to pick out the meaning of a phrase in a given context( ).
答案: 1. 破坏 2. 震惊 3. 受苦 4. 使落入险境
5. 电 6. 呼吸 7. 努力 8. 埋葬 9. 智慧
10. 上下文
Ⅱ. 短语含义匹配
( )1. as if
( )2. in ruins
( )3. in shock
( )4. come out of
( )5. as usual
( )6. come to an end
( )7. cut across
( )8. the number of
( )9. blow away
( )10. dig out
A. 挖出
B. 好像
C. 震惊,吃惊
D. 吹走;刮走
E. ……的数量
F. 严重受损,破败不堪
G. 像往常一样
H. 从……出来;由……产生
I. 打断,径直穿过
J. 结束
答案: 1. B 2. F 3. C 4. H 5. G 6. J 7. I 8. E 9. D 10. A
Ⅲ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. Unfortunately, one dead child was found in the (废墟) almost two hours after the explosion.
2. Upon landing on the airport, the family heard the (令人震惊的) news.
3. They use only one-quarter of the (电) to give off the same light.
4. Most of the buildings were completely (摧毁) in the earthquake.
5. The police set a (陷阱) to catch the thief.
6. You’ll have to (埋头于) yourself in your studies if you want to pass the entrance examinations.
7. Language is a city; everyone adds a (砖) for the construction of the city.
8. We sort all of the rubbish into paper, plastic, (金属), glass and others.
9. The factory (遭受) severe damage in the fire.
10. As we all know, without (努力) nothing can be achieved.
答案: 1. ruins 2. shocking 3. electricity
4. destroyed 5. trap 6. bury 7. brick
8. metal 9. suffered 10. efforts
Ⅳ. 完成句子并背诵
1. 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃东西。
Chickens and even pigs were .
2. 仿佛世界末日到了!
the world were coming to an end!
3. 地震中死伤人数超过40万。
people who were killed or badly injured in the quake 400,000.
4. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
survivors looked, there was ruins.
5. 地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those and to bury ________
______.
答案: 1. too nervous to eat
2. It seemed as if
3. The number of; was more than
4. Everywhere; nothing but
5. who were trapped; the dead
Step 1: Read through the text quickly and answer the following questions.
1. What’s the topic sentence of paragraph 1
_____________________________________________ 2. How is the text organised
A. In order of time.
B. In order of space.
C. In order of importance.
D. In order of location.
3. What’s the main idea of the text
_____________________________________________
答案:
1. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.
2. A
3. A terrible earthquake happened in Tangshan.
Step 2: Read the text carefully and then choose the best answers.
1. When did the earthquake happen
A. At 3:00 a.m. on 28 July, 1976.
B. At 3:42 a.m. on 28 July, 1976.
C. At 3:00 a.m. on 29 July, 1976.
D. At 3:42 a.m. on 29 July, 1976.
2. Why didn’t the people seem worried before the earthquake
A. Because nothing strange happened.
B. Because they knew well about earthquakes.
C. Because they didn’t notice anything strange happening.
D. Because they didn’t know the earthquake caused the strange events.
3. Which of the following things will happen before an earthquake
A. The water in wells rises and falls.
B. The chickens are too nervous to eat.
C. Mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide.
D. All of the above.
4. What was the result of the earthquake
A. Luckily, the city’s hospitals survived.
B. All of the city’s factories were gone.
C. Most of the city’s homes were gone.
D. Everything in the city was destroyed.
5. The probable meaning of the word “trapped” in paragraph 4 is
“ ”.
A. helped out B. were caught in
C. went through D. suffered from
答案: 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B
通过上下文猜测词义
通过上下文猜测词义就是根据一个词所处的具体的语言环境,运用有关线索,如同义词、反义词、举例、重述或定义等推测词义;也可以运用逻辑推理和其他的知识如生活经验、普通常识等推断词义,利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测出词义。如本题中的trapped一词可根据前面的动词短语dig out,以及who were trapped修饰的词those来进行判断,同时结合本文叙述的中心内容“唐山大地震”及本段话的大意“营救工作”可知,trap表示“陷入、困住”之意。
Part Events
Signs before the earthquake (paragraph 1) Strange things were happening in Tangshan. For a few days, the water in the 1. rose and fell. Mice, chickens, pigs and even fish became 2. ________. But people were asleep as usual.
3. _______ caused by the earthquake (paragraphs 2-3) The earthquake 4. the city and 5. ______ the people. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. The city lay in 6. . It seemed that the world was at an end.
Rescue after the earthquake (paragraph 4) Soldiers were sent to 7. __ out those who were 8. and to 9. the dead. Workers built 10. for survivors.
Step 3: Fill in the blanks according to the text.
答案: 1. wells 2. nervous 3. Damage
4. destroyed 5. shocked 6. ruins
7. dig 8. trapped 9. bury 10. shelters
Reading and Thinking (2)
1. as if
【观察思考】
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (教材P50)
仿佛世界末日到了!
You look as if/though you are having a wonderful time.
看起来你好像玩得很开心的样子。
Brian shook his head as though/if to say “Don’t trust her”.
布莱恩摇摇头,好像是在说“别信她”。
【探究总结】
(1)as if=as ,意为: ,可以引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
(2)as if可放在look、 seem等动词之后,引导表语从句。常用句型It seems/seemed as if ...。
(3)as if可构成“as if+名词/ /形容词(短语)/介词(短语)/分词”结构。
答案: (1)though;似乎,好像,仿佛 (3)不定式
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction.
(2)完成句子。
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。 ______ ______ ______ ______ they don’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
答案: (1)to see (2)It seems as if
2. shock
【观察思考】
People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. (教材P50)
人们都很震惊——然后,那天下午晚些时候,唐山又发生了一次大地震。
Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock to us when she finally died.
虽然她病了很长时间,但当她最终去世时,我们仍然感到震惊。
The news of the scientist’s death shocked the world.
这位科学家的死讯让整个世界为之震惊。
All the people present at the meeting felt/were shocked at/by the shocking decision announced by the manager.
所有出席会议的人都对经理宣布的令人震惊的决定感到震惊。
【探究总结】
(1)shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt. (使)震惊
① shock 震惊,吃惊
②a shock sb 令某人大吃一惊
(2)shocking adj. 意为“ ”; shocked adj. 意为
“ ”
①be/feel shocked 为……感到震惊
②be shocked to do sth 做某事很震惊
③be shocked that 对……很震惊
答案: (1)①in ②to (2)令人/使人震惊的;震惊的 ①at/by
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①Scientists have come up with a (shock) idea.
②I was shocked his behaviour towards his family.
③It (shock) me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
④It was shock when Cameroon beat Argentina in the 1990 World Cup.
答案: ①shocking ②at/by ③shocked ④a
3. trap
【观察思考】
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (教材P50)
地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
The car was trapped in the deep snow.
车陷在深雪中了。
He has been trapped into buying what is actually not needed.
他被诱骗去买实际上并不需要的东西。
She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套,他就径直钻了进去。
【探究总结】
(1)trap vt. 使落入险境,使陷入圈套(其过去式和过去分词为trapped, trapped)
①be trapped in
②trap sb into (doing) sth
(2)trap n. 险境;陷阱
set/lay a trap for
答案: (1)①被困在…… ②诱导某人(做)某事
(2)为……设置陷阱
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①They (trap) in the burning hotel.
②He trapped me admitting that I had done it.
③Mary set a trap Peter and he really fell into the trap.
④ (trap) in a traffic jam, he had to be patient, waiting.
答案: ①were trapped ②into ③for ④Trapped
4. bury
【观察思考】
I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.
我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.
离婚后,她埋头于工作。
He is buried in his novel; in other words, he can’t spare even a minute to chat with us.
他沉浸在小说中;换句话说,他甚至不能抽出一分钟来和我们聊天。
【探究总结】
(1)bury vt. 埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏
(2)完成相关搭配。
①bury ... ... 把……埋到……里
②bury oneself in .../be buried in ...
答案: (2)①in ②埋头于,专心于
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Yesterday will be buried the bottom of my heart, leaving the best memories.
②Right after dinner he would go into his study and bury ______(he) in his work.
(2)完成句子。
她坐在那儿,陷入了沉思。
She sat there, thought.
答案: (1)①in ②himself (2)buried in
5. breathe
【观察思考】
Slowly, the city began to breathe again. (教材P50)
慢慢地,这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
I took a deep breath to calm myself down.
我深吸一口气以使自己平静下来。
Both of them are out of breath, but they are safe.
他们两个上气不接下气,不过他们安全了。
【探究总结】
(1)breathe vi. & vt.
(2)breath n. 呼吸
①out of breath
②take a deep breath
答案: (1)呼吸 (2)①上气不接下气 ②深呼吸
【应用实践】
完成句子。
①I like getting up early in summer. The air is so fresh _______
_______(呼吸起来) in the morning.
②I ran to the theatre all along and was _______ _______ _______
(上气不接下气).
答案: ①to breathe ②out of breath
6. effort
【观察思考】
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. (教材P50)
在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。
It’s a waste of time and effort.
那是浪费时间和精力。
All the students in Senior 3 are making efforts/making an effort to study.
所有高三学生都在努力学习。
Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
【探究总结】
(1)effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
①表示一般性的努力(即表示泛指意义),通常是不可数名词。
②若强调一次又一次具体的努力,通常是可数名词,尤其与all、 these等修饰词连用。
(2)effort的常见搭配:
①make an effort to do sth=make efforts to do sth 。该结构中的不定冠词an也可根据情况换成 another、 every、 one more、 no等词。
② 不遗余力做某事
答案: (2)①努力/尽力做某事
②spare no effort to do sth
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①The (effort) made by Adrian and his parents paid off.
②He made no efforts (hide) his disappointment.
(2))完成句子。
We should (不遗余力) protect
our environment.
答案: (1)①efforts ②to hide
(2)spare no effort to
7. 动词-ing短语作状语
【观察思考】
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.(教材P50)
老鼠从田野里跑出来寻找藏身之处,鱼也从水里跳了出来。
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things.
我们经常给孩子们提供玩具、足球或篮球,认为所有的孩子都喜欢这些东西。
The old lady earns a living by selling newspapers from door to door.
这位老妇人通过挨家挨户地卖报纸来维持生计。
The old man died, leaving his wife with five children.
老人去世了,留下妻子和五个孩子。
【探究总结】
(1)动词-ing短语作状语时,与其逻辑主语之间构成 (主动/被动)关系。
(2)动词-ing短语作状语时,可以表示伴随、方式、 等。
答案: (1)主动 (2)结果
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
① (hear) the news, Lucy burst into tears.
② (wait) for the bus, I was hit by a brick out of nowhere.
③When (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.
答案: ①Hearing ②Waiting ③comparingSection Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of a scholarship for three years.
2. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building that
(stand) near the post office
3. The old man we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
4. Miss Wang is taking care of the child parents have gone to Beijing.
5. I live in the room windows face south.
6. I’ll never forget the days I spent in the countryside.
7. The man my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.
8. This is one of the most interesting films I have ever seen.
9. —Why does she always ask you for help
—There is no one else she can turn to, is there
10. The comrade I want to learn from is the one studies hard and works hard.
答案：1. is 2. stands 3. whom/that 4. whose 5. whose
6. that/which 7. that/whom 8. that 9. that/whom 10. who/that
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 那个人的汽车抛锚了,他们都跑过去帮忙。
They rushed over to help the man had broken down.
2. 借给你钱的那个人叫什么名字
What was the name of the man
3. 孩子们喜欢我妻子做的饼干。
The children like cookies .
4. 这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
This is the famous singer we have often talked .
5. 她也许是我教的学生中学习最勤奋的。
She is probably the most hard-working student
ever .
答案：1. whose car
2. who lent you money
3. that/which my wife makes
4. whom/that; about
5. that I have; taught
Ⅲ. 把下面各组句子用定语从句形式改写为一句
1. Jim is the man.
She talked with the man.
→
2. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place.
You may visit the valley during the following weekend.
→
3. Both the girl and her brother were hit by a coming car.
They were crossing the street.
→
4. On my way home in the street I saw a lady.
I thought she was your aunt.
→
5. A person won’t be able to send or receive any emails.
A person’s email account is full.
→
答案：
1. Jim is the man whom/that she talked with.
2. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place which/that you may visit during the following weekend.
3. Both the girl and her brother who/that were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
4. On my way home in the street I saw a lady who/that I thought was your aunt.
5. A person whose email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 语法填空
A violent earthquake 1. killed as many as 240 people and injured 600 struck Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Monday 24 February, 2003, 2. (leave) tens of thousands of more homeless.
Luckily, the earthquake happened in the daytime after people had already left home 3. __ work or school. Many people 4. _
(save) because they were outside. Fortunately, all the school children were taking part in 5. __ ceremony in the street and many adults were working in the fields when it struck.
“My family had just finished breakfast when the house started shaking and we heard a loud noise. I 6. ___(immediate) pushed my grandchildren out of the door to safety before the house fell down,” said a local woman. Sadly, her neighbours were 7. ___(little) lucky: both parents died while their three children were seriously injured.
Fortunately, workers 8. __ were sent to rescue people arrived very quickly. By Tuesday most of the injured had received medical care or had gone to hospital, and by Wednesday thousands of tents, camp beds and warm quilts had arrived and all the 9. ___(survivor) had somewhere to sleep. The next step was 10. ___(bring) drinking water supply and electricity back to normal as soon as possible.
答案：1. which/that 2. leaving 3. for
4. were saved 5. a 6. immediately 7. less
8. who/that 9. survivors 10. to bring(共11张PPT)
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
语篇类型 1. 报告文学:THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP;
2. 新闻报道;
3. 其他类型:图片、音频、视频等
语言知识 语音 清辅音和浊辅音发音规律;-ed结尾的词的读音
主题词汇 自然灾害种类: disaster tornado drought landslide(landfall) tsunami flood volcanic eruption typhoon hurricane
灾害描述: magnitude slide damage destroy evacuate affect effect crack as if ruin in ruins trap bury crash sweep sweep away wave strike erupt volcano tap
灾难中的人及其描述: survivor survive breathe death shock in shock revive revival suffer wisdom calm
救援工作: effort emergency aid on hand deliver rescue supply
救援设施: helicopter shelter kit first aid kit power electricity whistle
语法 限制性定语从句: that、 which、 who、 whom和whose引导的限制性定语从句的用法
语篇 1. 纪实性报告文学的文本结构、语言特征;
2. 新闻播报的基本要素和语言特征
语言知识
语用 有关自然灾害类新闻报道的陈述:
Good morning/afternoon. Today is ..., a huge earthquake/flood/tsunami/... hit/struck ...
At least ... were killed and ... were (badly) injured in the earthquake/tornado/flood.
Almost all/Most of the homes were destroyed and ...
Rescue teams arrived quickly and helicopters were used to ...
给出安全指导:
I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters. →Well, if we prepare, we can keep them from becoming disasters ...
What should we do if there is a tornado/flood/an earthquake/... →
Remember to ...
And what about after an earthquake →Well, if you’re trapped, you can ...
文化知识 通过了解自然灾害的种类以及灾害救济工作,强调人的生命安全,增强防灾减灾意识
语言技能 1. 在听的过程中获取具体细节内容;
2. 通过上下文理解新词汇;
3. 模仿新闻播报,报道突发的自然灾害;
4. 为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要;
5. 在看的过程中有选择地记录所需信息
学习策略 1. 根据上下文线索或非文字信息推断词语意义;
2. 通过对本单元中自然灾害及其描述、灾后救助等的学习,了解新闻报道类的写作方法、技巧等
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
在括号里写出黑体部分在句中的含义
1. A disaster( ) is a very bad accident such as an earthquake or a fire that kills a lot of people.
2. The town was destroyed by the floods( ) after the storm.
3. A helicopter( ) is an aircraft with long blades on top that go around very fast. It is able to stay still in the air and to move straight upward or downward.
4. Unfortunately, the rescue( ) car broke down on our way to the flooded area.
5. Don’t worry about the damage( ) to your car. I will fix it up for you.
6. He managed to survive( ) in the earthquake while all the other members died.
7. As we all know, frogs eat pests which destroy( ) crops and carry diseases.
8. No one can change you. Others can only affect( ) you.
9. In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death( ).
10. The charity gave shelter( ) to people on winter nights.
答案: 1. 灾难;灾害 2. 洪水 3. 直升机
4. 救援 5. 损坏 6. 生存;存活 7. 摧毁;毁灭
8. 影响 9. 死亡 10. 避难处
Pronunciation:Listen and repeat.
1. Listen and repeat the words in Pronunciation. Try to find the characteristics(特点) of voiceless and voiced consonants.
①清辅音发音时送气,声带 ,如:pump test kite flower bus English three chair tree cats
②浊辅音发音时 ,声带振动,如:ball dog get voice zero decision smooth job drink hands
③动词加-ed的读音主要有三种:
以清辅音结尾的读/ /,如:worked liked cooked
以浊辅音结尾的读/ /,如:rained reserved travelled
置于t和d结尾的单词后读/ /,如:needed visited landed
2. Read the following words and then put them into different groups according to voiceless and voiced consonants.
dry cake beds pin fly cage school chalk vision three zoo
第一组(清辅音):
第二组(浊辅音):
答案:
1. ①不振动 ②不送气 ③/t/; /d/; /id/
2. 第一组:cake pin fly school chalk three
第二组:dry beds cage vision zoo
清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/
/s/ /ts/ /tr/ / / /t /
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /
/z/ /dz/ /dr/ / / /d /
其他辅音 /h/ /m/ /n/ /l/ / /
/r/ /j/ /w/Section Ⅴ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词
1. The heavy rain has caused (洪水) in many parts of the country.
2. Workers built (避难所) for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
3. It is important to keep (镇静) in an emergency.
4. They (挥手) to us to show that we should stay where we were.
5. The (营救,救援) work has finished basically.
6. How to use (电) safely has become general knowledge in our village.
7. From then on, all soldiers wore the (金属) helmets.
8. Can you tell the meaning of this word from its (上下文)
9. There is only one thing that people can’t take away from you, and that is your (智慧).
10. Smoking can (损害) your health.
答案：1. floods 2. shelters 3. calm 4. waved
5. rescue 6. electricity 7. metal 8. context
9. wisdom 10. damage
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. The old man took a deep (breathe), and began to climb the stairs.
2. I was (shock) by the way he treated his mother.
3. His father had wished to (bury) in the sea after he died.
4. He (strike) the poor dog, which had ever done him serious harm.
5. What do you think will happen when food and petrol ____
(supply) run out
6. We all know that some of those earthquakes cause (power) tsunamis.
7. We shall remember the sacrifices of the (death) during the big fire.
8. I am glad to say the new rules will become (effect) in the next few days.
9. Surprisingly, a letter (deliver) to me without any stamps on it.
10. A (survive) of a very unpleasant experience is a person who has had such an experience, and who is still affected by it.
答案：1. breath 2. shocked 3. be buried
4. struck 5. supplies 6. powerful 7. dead
8. effective 9. was delivered 10. survivor
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 这个会议太烦人了!看起来好像要没完没了地开下去。
How boring the meeting is! ________ ________ ________ ________ it would never end.
2. 国庆节期间,我们所到之处都是人!
During the National Day, ________ ________ ________, there were tons of people!
3. 我们应该对老人家表示尊敬,他们也值得我们这么做。
We should show our respect to ________ ________ ; they deserve it.
4. 我们在星空下露宿,在野外用餐。
We sleep out under the stars, and eat our meals ________ ________
________ ________.
5. 我们学校的学生人数每年都在增加。
________ ________ ________ students in our school ________ every year.
答案：1. It seems as if
2. everywhere we went
3. the old 4. in the open air
5. The number of; increases
Ⅳ. 语法专练
In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _________
purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
Many young people, most of _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3. He is the man _________ was praised at the meeting.
4. Will you please lend me the very book _________ you bought last night
5. Who is the honest man _________ he told us in the story
6. The girl _________ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital immediately.
7. He lives in the room, the window of _________ faces south.
8. He is a man _________ I believe we should respect.
9. The place _________ interested me most was the Summer Palace.
10. Yesterday I helped an old man _________ lost his way.
答案：1. whose 2. whom 3. who/that 4. that
5. that 6. whose 7. which 8. whom/who
9. that/which 10. who
[提升测评]
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
Last year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities for any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn’t understand.
Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.
I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn’t speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.
Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite(食欲). I was required to overcome all difficulties.
As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget the words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took maths, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.
But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.
1. Why did the author come to Chile last year
A. To pay a visit to Chile as a tourist.
B. To experience Chilean life as a teacher.
C. To study Chilean culture as a college student.
D. To study knowledge as an exchange student.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Most exchange students experience this like me.”可知,作者是作为交换生去学习新知识,尝试新文化的,故D项正确。
答案：D
2. On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened
A. Because he did not know how to get along with the local people.
B. Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms.
C. Because the living conditions were worse than what he was used to.
D. Because it was not convenient for him to shop there.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to.”及后面内容的描述可知,这里的环境与条件和作者以前所经历的大不相同,这使作者感到恐惧,故C项正确。
答案：C
3. What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile
A. Wonderful and worthwhile.
B. Difficult but meaningful.
C. Difficult and meaningless.
D. Boring and disappointing.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget the words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food.”和最后一段中的“But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture.”可知,作者的态度与一开始时相比发生了很大变化,他感到那段时间虽然很难,却是非常有意义的,故B项正确。
答案：B
4. Which of the following statements about Chile is TRUE
A. Its official languages are Spanish and English.
B. It is a developing country without foreign students.
C. It seldom rains and natural disasters often happen.
D. Most Chileans are not friendly to foreigners.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知,智利的官方语言是西班牙语,排除A项;作者本身就是在智利的一名交换生,排除B项;根据倒数第二段中的“Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people.”可知,这里的人很容易交往,排除D项;根据第二段中的“Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.”可知,C项表述正确。
答案：C
B
The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. Over one hundred people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.
The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King’s baker(面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window into the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery(面包房) into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.
By eight o’clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometre of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul’s and the Guildhall among them.
Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire, “People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.”
The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the way of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.
After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect(建筑师), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow(狭窄), but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St Paul’s.
The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.
5. The fire began in ________.
A. a hotel B. the palace
C. Pudding Lane D. Thames Street
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King’s baker in Pudding Lane.”可知,大火发生在Pudding Lane。
答案：C
6. What does the underlined word “family” in the second paragraph mean
A. Home. B. Children.
C. Wife and husband. D. Wife and children.
解析：词义猜测题。根据family所在句后面的 “was able to get out through a window”,再结合and前面的“baker, his wife”可知,能够逃脱出去的应该是其他“家庭成员”,故B项正确。
答案：B
7. Why did the writer cite(引用) Samuel Pepys
A. Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire.
B. Because Pepys also wrote about the fire.
C. To show that poor people suffered most.
D. To give the readers a clearer picture of the fire.
解析：目的意图题。根据第四段“Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire,‘People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air ...’”可知,这是对灾难的描述,可以使读者更清晰地了解火灾的情况。
答案：D
Ⅵ. 完形填空
Billy Arjan Singh was a wildlife expert in India. Singh 1 big cat cub orphans(幼崽孤儿), such as leopards(豹) and tigers. 2
Singh, one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm was named Harriet. But she was not a pet. Singh taught Harriet how to 3 in the wild.
4 Singh released Harriet to the forest, he kept track of her for a while. He knew when Harriet went away to have cubs of her own. At that time he 5 he would never see her again.
Then, floods came to the river and the forest. Harriet and her two cubs were in danger. Though she had lived in the wild for years, Harriet
6 the place where she had been safe as a cub. She took one of her cubs in her mouth. Then, Harriet swam across the river to Singh’s 7 , walked into the kitchen, and put her cub on the floor. Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house too. Singh’s cook moved out and 8 the kitchen to the leopards!
Harriet watched the 9 every day. One day, Harriet swam across the river to see her home. She decided that her home was 10 . She took the first cub across the river, 11 the current in the river was strong and it was difficult for her to swim back to the farm.
Harriet knew that she should not 12 across with the second cub. 13 , Harriet took her cub in her mouth, walked to Singh’s boat, and jumped in. When Singh saw Harriet, he knew that she needed
14 . Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest. Harriet and her cubs were at home in the wild 15 . Singh never saw her again after that.
1. A. got tired of B. took care of
C. made use of D. took advantage of
2. A. Because of B. According to
C. Except for D. In relation to
3. A. explore B. disappear C. live D. hide
4. A. After B. Before C. When D. Until
5. A. imagined B. expected C. suggested D. thought
6. A. destroyed B. remembered C. missed D. hated
7. A. hometown B. hotel C. office D. house
8. A. left B. returned C. sent D. showed
9. A. cook B. food C. river D. enemy
10. A. beautiful B. far C. safe D. warm
11. A. and B. but C. so D. or
12. A. jump B. run C. walk D. swim
13. A. First B. Instead C. Once D. Besides
14. A. change B. hope C. help D. praise
15. A. again B. already C. too D. alone
答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D
8. A 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B
14. C 15. AReading and Thinking (1)
阅读理解
A
A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2:46 p.m. local time on March 11 2011. Japan’s Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.
There are more than four thousand Seismic Intensity Meters(地震烈度测量仪) in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the centre of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.
There are also concrete(混凝土) sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.
Costas Synolakis, a tsunami expert at the University of Southern California said, “Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on Earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not expected the size of this event.”
He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred and fifty years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.
The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as thirteen metres in some areas.
Costas Synolakis says Japan’s concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.
1. Where can this passage probably be adapted from
A. A newspaper. B. A fairy tale.
C. A sports website. D. An entertainment magazine.
解析：推理判断题。本文介绍了日本由于地震所引发的海啸对日本产生的巨大破坏以及日本对于地震的预防等方面的信息,故最有可能是来自报纸。
答案：A
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. A terrible earthquake hit the northeastern coast of Japan.
B. The powerful earthquake was also the worst one in Japan.
C. The 9.0 earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan.
D. Japan’s concrete sea walls were unable to handle such high waves.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.”可知,9.0级地震是全世界范围内第四大的地震,而不是日本。故C项说法错误。
答案：C
3. Why did Japan suffer such a loss according to Costas Synolakis
A. The country has never experienced any event as big as this one over the past 150 years.
B. Japan has the best earthquake early warning systems.
C. There are not enough concrete sea walls around the Japanese coastline.
D. The government didn’t announce its first tsunami warnings three minutes earlier.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中“Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred and fifty years.”可知,破坏性如此之大是因为日本人没有预料到会有如此严重的地震袭击日本。故A项正确。
答案：A
B
Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington D.C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she’s not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan(猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It’s very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs(monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual.”
“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Brandie Smith. “That’s part of their special abilities.”
Primates weren’t the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard(蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes(a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Brandie Smith said the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I’m not surprised at all,” Brandie Smith said.
4. Why did Mandara act strangely one day
A. Because she sensed something unusual would happen.
B. Because her daughter Kibibi was injured.
C. Because she heard an orangutan let out a loud call.
D. Because an earthquake had happened.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.”可知,Mandara好像意识到有什么不同寻常的事情要发生,故A项正确。
答案：A
5. Which animal seems unable to sense quakes
A. A lizard. B. A flamingo. C. A lemur. D. A giant panda.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“For example, Brandie Smith said the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began.”可知,动物园的大熊猫直到地震真正开始时才跳起来。
答案：D
6. What is the best title for the passage
A. How Animals Survive a Quake
B. How Animals Differ from Humans
C. How Animals Behave Before a Quake
D. How Animals Protect Their Young in a Quake
解析：主旨大意题。通览全文可知,本文主要讲述震前动物的反应和表现,故C项正确。
答案：C
C
(2021年·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
7.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,水禽数量减少的其中一个原因是,为了养活不断增长的人口以及给他们提供居住地,数百万英亩的湿地干涸了,水禽的栖息地大大地减少了。
答案：A
8. What does the underlined word“decimate”mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知,北美大陆上原先有着非常丰富的动物资源,而根据第一段最后两句可知,在探险者和随后的定居者到来之后,这里的水禽遭到猎杀,栖息地也减少了;再根据画线词所在句的关键词Unfortunately可知,此处指野生动物资源遭到破坏。decimate与destroy意思相近,意为“破坏,毁坏”。
答案：C
9. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知, 1934年,随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的通过,每1美元鸭票中约有98美分直接给了候鸟保护基金用来购买湿地和野生动物栖息地。由此可知,政府收集到了钱。
答案：D
10. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了美国鸭票的由来、实施及成果等,故A项最能概括全文。
答案：A
D
Some people are naturally better than others at social activities. There are the lucky few that draw people to them without any effort.
11. Put yourself at ease and remember these tips:
Smile! A smile is understood in any culture and any age as a sign of friendship. So go ahead! It will put the other person at ease. You will seem approachable and happy. 12.
Make eye contact. Good eye contact engages the other person to you. When you are introduced to someone, shake their hands and repeat their names. 13. Making eye contact shows you have confidence and are interested in the other person.
14. Having a trusted friend next to you makes it less frightening to walk into a room full of people. But remember that even if you walk in as a pair, it doesn’t mean you just stick together the whole time. The point in a social gathering is that you make friends with other people.
Go to social settings with a shared interest. For example, joining an art class automatically puts you in a setting with other people you already have a common interest in. 15.
A. Go with friends.
B. Ask the other person questions.
C. That will help you remember their names.
D. This is the worst impression to make in any setting.
E. It will let the other person know that you are safe to talk to.
F. But for most of us, we feel shy and awkward in social activities.
G. You now have something to talk about and work it from there.
11. 解析：前面提到,很少有人能毫不费力地吸引人们。空前句中的“the lucky few”与F项中的“most of us”相对应,同时F项中的but引起的句子与空前一句意义正好相反。
答案：F
12. 解析：本段主要讲述“微笑”的魅力,首先E项中的代词it指代的是“微笑”,同时E项也是表述微笑的益处。
答案：E
13. 解析：根据前面一句,当你被介绍给某人时,握住他们的手并重复他们的名字,很容易推知下层意思:因为这会帮助你记住他们的名字。C项中的代词that与上句相呼应。
答案：C
14. 解析：要求选择本段的小标题。通览本段内容可知,这里讲的是值得信任的朋友的陪伴,故A项正确。
答案：A
15. 解析：前面作者建议,根据你的兴趣去参加社交活动。因为当你有了一些可以谈论的东西,就能从这些方面开始谈论。故G项正确。
答案：G
Reading and Thinking (2)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The nurse takes care of the patient as if he ________(be) her father.
2. Her refusal to do the job left me (shock). Therefore I was speechless.
3. It seemed that he had great difficulty (breathe) after about twenty-five minutes’ jogging.
4. The family as well as their dog (trap) on the roof by the flood.
5. Hard as he tried, all his (effort) to get that job ended up with failure.
6. The little girl was sitting with her head (bury) in an interesting book.
7. (see) the police, he made a run for the exit.
8. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood ruins.
9. Most of the major cities of the world suffer traffic jams.
10. The heavy rain didn’t do much damage the crops.
答案：1. were 2. shocked 3. breathing 4. were trapped
5. efforts 6. buried 7. Seeing 8. in 9. from 10. to
Ⅱ. 选词填空
the dead, in times of, as usual, as if, come to an end, in ruins, the number of, blow away, in shock, dig out
1. foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1997.
2. If I were the wind, I would the dust of the world.
3. After the battle, the soldiers buried __.
4. I regret to say that the hurricane left the city __.
5. For me, the nightmare(噩梦) that lasted 132 days has ______________
today.
6. Why didn’t your father drive you to school that day
7. As your best friend, I could not leave you trouble.
8. The girl looked around __in search of something.
9. They sat there __ and disbelief.
10. Many valuables have been __ in the working site.
答案：1. The number of 2. blow away 3. the dead
4. in ruins 5. come to an end 6. as usual
7. in times of 8. as if 9. in shock 10. dug out
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. The water in the village wells rose and fell. 1. _______(chicken) and pigs were too nervous to eat. Bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises 2. _______(hear).
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to 3. _______ end! A large city lay 4. _______ ruins in less than one minute. The earthquake caused great damage to the city. People were in shock. Water, food, and electricity were hard 5. _______(get).
Soon 6._______ the quakes, soldiers were sent to the city to dig out those 7. _______ were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. 8. _______(slow) the city began to 9. _______(breath) again.
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built. And up to now the city
10. _______(become) a home to more than seven million people.
答案：1. Chickens 2. were heard 3. an 4. in
5. to get 6. after 7. who 8. Slowly
9. breathe 10. has become
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release(释放) of energy stored in the rocks below the surface. Generally, earthquakes last only seconds. Strong ground shaking during a medium to large earthquake generally lasts about 10 to 30 seconds. Aftershocks(余震) can occur once in a while for weeks or even months.
Many people think that there is an “earthquake season” or a kind of “earthquake weather”. As a matter of fact, there isn’t. Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather conditions—sunny, wet or cold without any special weather tendency(倾向).
Also, you don’t need to worry that the ground will open up and swallow people when earthquakes occur. Open ground cracks may form during an earthquake—related, for example, to land sliding or ground falling. However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they don’t “swallow”) that a person could stand in afterwards.
The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you. If you are indoors, when you feel the ground start to shake, take cover immediately under a table or strong piece of furniture, placing something between falling objects and yourself. Don’t attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Earthquakes usually last 10 to 30 seconds.
B. After a big earthquake, there are many more quakes.
C. Cracks in an earthquake are very dangerous.
D. What usually injures people during an earthquake are falling buildings.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you.”可知,在地震中,造成人们受伤的是倒塌的建筑。
答案：D
2. The underlined word “swallow” in paragraph 3 probably means “______”.
A. take sb/sth in B. make sb frightened
C. make room for sb to stand in D. make the ground slide
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中“However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they don’t‘swallow’) that a person could stand in afterwards.”可知,这里的意思是这些裂口不能吞没人,所以“swallow”的意思是“吸收,吞没”。
答案：A
3. During an earthquake, which of the following things should you NOT do
A. Find an open field and stay there.
B. Stay away from buildings.
C. Take cover under a table.
D. Take an elevator.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Don’t attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.”可知,在发生地震时,不能乘电梯。
答案：D
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Do you believe cats have nine lives If they do, then a cat named Scarlett may have used a few of her 1 all at once.
Scarlett was a cat 2 in an old, empty building in New York. One day, the building caught fire. Most animals would have tried to quickly 3 . But Scarlett had five kittens to 4 . As the fire got bigger, Scarlett ignored the 5 . One by one, she carried her kittens to safety. By the time Scarlett 6 the last kitten, her fur was badly burned, and her eyes were burned shut.
A kind firefighter found all the kittens and 7 their mother. Even though Scarlett could not see him, she 8 his voice and let him pick her up. He put her in a box with her babies. She couldn’t 9 her kittens, so she counted them by touching each one’s nose.
Scarlett and her kittens were 10 to an animal hospital where it took almost three months for them to heal. Scarlett’s 11 story was reported in the local newspapers. Many people wanted to help Scarlett and her kittens. An official of the hospital made sure that they were all adopted(收养) into good homes.
Scarlett’s fur grew back, and her eyes fully opened once again. In her new home, she played with paper balls 12 . She didn’t act as if she were 13 . She was just happy to live in a safe home with 14
owners. To prove it, she purred(发出呼噜声) loudly when her 15
were near. Scarlett was a true survivor.
1. A. chances B. interests C. lives D. parents
解析：根据上文中的“Do you believe cats have nine lives ”可知,如果猫有九条命,那么Scarlett就同时用了她的几条“命(lives)”。
答案：C
2. A. missing B. surviving C. wandering D. playing
解析：根据“old, empty”可知,Scarlett 在这栋旧的、空旷的建筑中勉强度日。survive“活下来”。
答案：B
3. A. change B. escape C. hide D. return
解析：根据上一句中的“the building caught fire”可知,房子着火了,大多数的动物都会试图“逃跑(escape)”。
答案：B
4. A. feed B. choose C. protect D. follow
解析：根据下文Scarlett救出自己孩子的语境可知,她要“保护(protect)”自己的孩子们。
答案：C
5. A. danger B. trouble C. unfairness D. anger
解析：由常识可知,火灾发生且火势渐大,Scarlett面临的应该是“危险(danger)”。
答案：A
6. A. lost B. left C. saw D. saved
解析：根据下文中的“firefighter found all the kittens”可知,Scarlett“救(saved)”出了所有小猫。
答案：D
7. A. asked for B. looked for C. knew about D. gave up
解析：根据下文中的“He put her in a box with her babies.”可知,消防员在找到小猫后又“寻找(looked for)”它们的妈妈。
答案：B
8. A. forgot B. heard C. recognised D. trusted
解析：根据下文中的“let him pick her up”可知,Scarlett“相信(trusted)”消防员,所以让他把她救起。
答案：D
9. A. see B. touch C. raise D. smell
解析：根据上文中的“her eyes were burned shut”可知,Scarlett“看(see)”不见了。
答案：A
10. A. invited B. introduced C. rushed D. forced
解析：Scarlett和她的孩子们被“迅速送往(rushed)”宠物医院。
答案：C
11. A. scary B. sad C. heroic D. romantic
解析：根据上文中Scarlett英勇救出自己孩子们的经历可知,这是个“英勇的(heroic)”故事。
答案：C
12. A. proudly B. bravely C. nervously D. happily
解析：根据下文中的“She was just happy”可知,在Scarlett 的新家,她“高兴地(happily)”玩着纸团。
答案：D
13. A. famous B. blind C. ill D. cute
解析：根据上文中的“story was reported in the local newspapers”可知, Scarlett“出名了(famous)”。
答案：A
14. A. patient B. humorous C. loving D. positive
解析：根据上文中的“She was just happy”可知,她的主人“充满爱意(loving)”。
答案：C
15. A. enemies B. doctors C. babies D. owners
解析：当Scarlett的“主人(owners)”靠近时,她会大声打呼噜表示友爱。
答案：D(共11张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
写一则新闻报道摘要
阅读下面的新闻报道,然后根据其内容写一篇60词左右的摘要。
Here is the BBC news. A huge international relief effort is being organised in the Philippines as it has become clear that at least 10,000 people have probably been killed by Typhoon Haiyan. Four million people have been affected, many left without food or shelter. Countries have pledged(保证) millions of dollars in
assistance while international aid agencies are preparing to fly emergency supplies. Aaron Ashby works for the Charity World Vision and is now in Cebu.
“It’s really a race against time to really reach out to these people being affected in the isolated(偏远的) areas. We are providing relief supplies like 4,500 blankets and 3,000 plastic sheets, greatly benefiting the families who are feeling cold right now, a sense of mourning(痛) in the centre part of the Philippines. It’s really a great grief to see so many people in pain,” Aaron Ashby says.
In the next few hours, Typhoon Haiyan is expected to hit centre and northern parts of Vietnam where authorities have already evacuated 600,000 people; many have been moved from vulnerable coastal areas. Heavy rain and flooding are expected in the capital Hanoi where people have been rushing to stock up on food and water. Schools have been closed and flights suspended. I’m Marion Marshall.
写作思路导引:
Step 1: 阅读原文,筛选信息
阅读文章,将其中的重点信息进行筛选整理。下面是各段重点信息的摘录。
Paragraph 1: A huge international relief effort is being organised in the Philippines; at least 10,000 people have probably been killed by Typhoon Haiyan; four million people have been affected, many left without food or shelter.
Paragraph 2: We are providing relief supplies like 4,500 blankets and 3,000 plastic sheets.
Paragraph 3: Typhoon Haiyan is expected to hit centre and northern parts of Vietnam.
Step 2: 整理要点,归纳大意
要点1:Typhoon Haiyan caused great damage and an international relief effort is being organised in the Philippines.
要点2:The Charity World Vision is providing relief supplies like 4,500 blankets and 3,000 plastic sheets.
要点3:Typhoon Haiyan is expected to hit centre and northern parts of Vietnam. Heavy rain and flooding are expected in the capital Hanoi.
Step 3: 衔接过渡,润色提升
It’s reported that Typhoon Haiyan caused great damage and an international relief effort is being organised in the Philippines now.(要点1) An international organisation, the Charity World Vision, is providing relief supplies like 4,500 blankets and 3,000 plastic sheets.(要点2) What’s worse, Typhoon Haiyan is expected to hit centre and northern parts of Vietnam. Heavy rain and flooding are expected in the capital Hanoi.(要点3)
阅读下面的新闻报道,然后根据其内容写一篇60词左右的摘要。
Chile Hit by 6.2-Magnitude Quake
This is the BBC news. A 6.2-magnitude earthquake struck northern Chile on Sunday morning, the US Geological Survey said. The quake struck at about 9:30 a.m. local time in the Tarapaca region about 60 kilometres from the port city of Arica, the agency said.
Some people ran out of homes into the streets when they felt the shaking, but there were no reports of injuries, Chile’s national emergency agency said. Some adobe houses(土坯房) were damaged
in the northern villages of Putre and Belen, and there were rock slides(岩滑) on a road that connects Chile with Bolivia, the agency later said.
The latest quake comes a little more than a year after Chile was rocked by one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded—an 8.8-magnitude earthquake on Feb. 27, 2010, that killed at least 521 people and caused massive damage in the disaster-prone(灾难频发的) Andean nation. Chile faces constant danger from earthquakes because of its location on the so-called “ring of fire”, where the edges of the giant plate beneath the Pacific Ocean form a particularly intense ring of tectonic activity.
答案:
It’s reported that an earthquake struck northern Chile at about 9:30 a.m. on Sunday.(要点1) Fortunately only some adobe houses in the northern villages of Putre and Belen were damaged and there were no injuries reported. The earthquake caused rock slides on a road. (要点2) Chile is a quake-prone country because of its location on the so-called “ring of fire”.(要点3)
写完之后,同伴之间或者小组成员之间交换批改,找出习作中的不足或错误,然后再结合别人的反馈进行修改完善。批改的时候可以参考下表。
项目 角度 具体评价(结合 习作写出具体内容)
文章结构 是否结构清晰、思路流畅,清晰概括了原文
要点齐全 是否包含了原文的主要内容要点,而无无关或者非重点内容
内容连贯 是否有效使用了语句间的连接成分,文章过渡自然
知识错误 单词拼写、语法错误等
其他不足
整体评价 ☆☆☆☆☆(共22张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
一、定语从句的概念
【观察思考】
He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.
他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。
He is the man whom/that I met yesterday.
他是我昨天遇到的那个人。
The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
不努力学习的学生不会通过考试。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
这就是封面是蓝色的那本书。
【探究总结】
(1)定语从句:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫作先行词。
(3)关系词:引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词
( 、 、 、 、 )和关系
副词(when、where、why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
答案: (3)that; which; who; whom; whose
【应用实践】
写出黑体词所指代的词及在从句中所作的成分。
①The girl who told us the news is his sister.
(指代 ,作 )
②This is the car which he bought last year.
(指代 ,作 )
③Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher
(指代 ,作 )
④The film that we saw yesterday is interesting.
(指代 ,作 )
⑤The woman whom you saw just now is our English teacher.
(指代 ,作 )
答案: ①the girl;主语 ②the car;宾语 ③anyone; 定语 ④the film;宾语 ⑤the woman;宾语
二、关系代词的基本用法
1. that/which
【观察思考】
The doctor (that) you are looking for is in the room.
你正找的那位医生在房间里。(指人,作宾语)
A man that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.
完全满足于现状的人是个失败者。(指人,作主语)
The building that/which stands near the river is our school.
河边矗立的那座建筑物是我们的学校。(指物,作主语)
Is this the book (that/which) she was looking for
这是她刚才正在找的那本书吗 (指物,作宾语)
【探究总结】
(1)that既可指 也可指 ,which用来指 。
(2)that、which在定语从句中都可作 和 ,作 时常可省略。
答案: (1)人;物;物
(2)主语;宾语;宾语
【应用实践】
选词填空(that/which)。
①The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspiration(灵感) for great inventions.
②Yesterday he sold his car he bought last month.
③Is he the old man wants to see you
答案: ①that/which ②that/which ③that
2. who/whom
【观察思考】
The person who lost the library book must pay for it.
丢失图书馆书籍的人必须赔偿。
The actor (who/whom) you wanted to see didn’t come.
你想见的那名演员没有来。
He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.
他就是与你母亲谈过话的那名医生。
【探究总结】
(1)who用于指 ,可作 和 ,作宾语时可以省略。
(2)whom只作 ,跟在介词后时,不能省略。
答案: (1)人;主语;宾语 (2)宾语
【应用实践】
选词填空(who/whom)。
①The student is answering the question is John.
②Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
③Mr Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.
答案: ①who ②who ③who/whom
3. whose
【观察思考】
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
这就是那个全世界闻名的科学家。
He bought a house last week whose windows are made of wood.
上周他买了一幢房子,窗户是由木头做成的。
【探究总结】
whose可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作 。指人时,相当于 ;指物时,相当于 。
答案: 定语;of whom; of which
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①The book cover is missing is mine.
②I have a penfriend mother is a teacher.
(2)用含有whose的定语从句合并句子。
①The boy is called Li Lei./His parents were dead in the flood.
→_________________________________________________
②Mr Wang is the policeman./His house caught fire last Sunday.
→ _________________________________________________
答案: (1)①whose ②whose
(2)①The boy whose parents were dead in the flood is called Li Lei.
②Mr Wang is the policeman whose house caught fire last Sunday.
三、关系代词使用的特殊情况
1. 指物时只用that不用which的情况
【观察思考】
Is there anything that I can do for you
我能为你做点什么吗
You can take any seat that is free.
你可以在任何一个空位坐下。
This is the only book that can be useful to us.
这是唯一一本会对我们有用的书。
It is the first composition that I have written in English.
这是我写的第一篇英语作文。
This is the most interesting film that we have ever seen.
这是我们看过的最有趣的电影。
He told us the people and the places that he had visited.
他告诉我们他曾拜访过的人和参观过的地方。
Which is the book that you like best
你最喜欢哪本书
【探究总结】
(1)当先行词是不定代词everything、 anything、 nothing、 all、 none等时,或当先行词受every、 any、 all、 few等词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。
(2)当先行词被形容词 修饰时,关系代词一般用that。
(3)当先行词被 修饰时,关系代词一般用that。
(4)当先行词表示“正是的”,由the very、 修饰时,关系代词一般用that。
(5)当先行词包括人与物时,关系代词一般用that。
(6)当先行词前面有who, 等疑问代词时,关系代词一般用that。
答案: (2)最高级 (3)序数词
(4)the only (6)which
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools
we had visited.
②This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen.
③The first thing you could do was to turn off the light.
答案: ①that ②that ③that
指物时只用which不用that的情况
【观察思考】
The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday.
他正用来写字的笔是昨天买的。
That which you told him is exciting.
你告诉他的事是令人兴奋的。
【探究总结】
(1)当关系代词前使用 时,只用which。
(2)先行词本身是 ,或一个句子同时有两个定语从句,其中一个是由that引导时,另一个用which,以免重复。
答案: (1)介词 (2)that
【应用实践】
选词填空(that/which)。
①You can take any room you like.
②The ladder on I am standing was bought in the supermarket.
③He hides all the people and things he knows.
答案: ①that ②which ③that
四、定语从句的注意事项
【观察思考】
The books which lie on the table are his.
放在桌上的那些书是他的。
The book which lies on the table is his.
放在桌上的那本书是他的。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.
他是那些取得很大进步的学生中的一个。
He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
【探究总结】
(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词与_____
在数上保持一致。
(2)“one of+复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句修饰的是复数名词,所以如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句谓语动词应用_____
形式。
(3)“the only one of+复数名词” 作先行词时,定语从句修饰的是the only one,所以如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句中谓语动词要用 形式。
答案: (1)先行词 (2)复数 (3)第三人称单数
【应用实践】
(1)单句改错。
①Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.
________________________________________
②This is the only one of the books that were not paid for.
________________________________________
(2)完成句子。
This is one of the best films ______ ______ ______ ______ (放映的) this year.
答案: (1)①has改为have ②were改为was
(2)that have been shown
