牛津译林版(2020) 必修 第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元检测(含解析)

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名称 牛津译林版(2020) 必修 第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元检测(含解析)
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版本资源 牛津译林版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2021-11-23 23:09:59

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单元综合检测(四)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分;满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The advancement of human civilization is possible
just because of enormous contribution made by scientists.They are one of the most influential people of today's world.With practical advantages in engineering,medicine and technology,they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us.Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy.Here is a list of the four great scientists we've ever seen who changed the world.
Louis Pasteur(1822-1895)
Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of
medical sciences developing cures for rabies,anthrax and other infectious diseases.He also invented the process of pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to make milk safer to drink.He probably saved more lives than any other person.
Otto Hahn(1879-1968)
Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear
fission(裂变)in 1939.He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio chemistry,and discovered radioactive elements in 1921.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
Nikola Tesla(1856-1943)
Tesla worked on electro magnetism and AC current.
He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission,but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection.He played a key role in the development of modern electricity.
James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)
Maxwell made great progress in understanding electro magnetism.His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子)physics.Einstein said of Maxwell,“The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了四位伟人,四个人都为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
1.What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society
A.The development of medicine.
B.Radio chemistry.
C.Modern electricity.
D.Quantum physics.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段“Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies,anthrax and other infectious diseases.”可知,Louis Pasteur 促进了医学的发展。所以A选项是正确的。]
2.Who was thought highly of by Einstein
A.Louis Pasteur.    
B.Otto Hahn.
C.Nikola Tesla.
D.James Clerk Maxwell.
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Einstein said of Maxwell,‘The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.’”可知,爱因斯坦对James Clerk Maxwell的评价很高。所以D选项是正确的。]
3.What can we infer about the four people
A.They are medical pioneers.
B.They are Nobel Prize winners.
C.They are great contributors to society.
D.They are founders of modern physics.
C [推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。所以C选项是正确的。]
B
Madame Curie,the youngest of the five children,was born in Warsaw,Poland in 1867.Marie Curie's maiden name was Manya.Her parents were teachers,and she learned the importance of education at a very early age.No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time,so Manya took a job as a tutor.She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sister's medical studies.Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris,changing her name to Marie.
She entered the Sorbonne(now the University of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics,graduating at the top of her class.For the research she wanted to do,she was introduced to another young scientist,Pierre Curie.Later,they fell in love with each other.
After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize,fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband,because science was their world and in this world of science,fame and honor to persons had no value.One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself,her thoughts and her beliefs,she answered him,“In science we must be interested in things,not in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words,which she was later often to repeat.One evening,at a big party,a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece,who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner,“I don't see the value of it.” Then,seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend,she quickly added,“But...but...of course,I shall do whatever you please.Just as you please.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。
4.What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sister's medical studies
A.She was a teacher.  B.She was a doctor.
C.She was a tutor. D.She was a waitress.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知,居里夫人曾经做过家庭教师,并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。]
5.What was valuable to Marie Curie
A.Science and research. B.Fame and honor.
C.Character and spirits. D.Persons and things.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知,居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究,名利对他们来说没有任何价值。]
6.The writer for a newspaper was interested in________.
A.things B.Marie Curie
C.Marie's husband D.persons
D [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的情况,故可推知,这个人关注的是“人”。]
7.What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece
A.The King was angry with Marie Curie.
B.For the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.
C.The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.
D.Marie Curie held another party for the King.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知,居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情,她会顺从朋友,去见希腊国王。]
C
What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age?There are diseases like AIDS and cancer.There's climate change,of course.And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population?Who's going to solve all these terrible problems?Yes,politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play.Yes,businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things.But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.It's going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.
If you like thinking about the world around you,why not become a scientist?It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine!Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting!
Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals.Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists.Don't think a scientist is far away!Maybe you like cooking?You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer.Perhaps sport is your thing?Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance?You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.
Looking for something to do for the rest of your life?My advice?Take a long and hard look at science.It is interesting and ever.
【语篇解读】 本文提出在新时代社会必须解决的最大问题,科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。
8.Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to________.
A.suggest they are impossible to be solved
B.introduce the causes of these problems
C.show the writer's worry about the future world
D.show scientists play an important part in solving them
D [推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句“But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.It's going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.” 可知,第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D。]
9.What is needed to solve these problems
A.Advanced weapons.
B.Enough energy.
C.New technologies.
D.A growing population.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.” 可知,解决这些问题需要新科技。故选C。]
10.Most people think the life of scientists is________.
A.amazing B.boring
C.colorful D.unreal
B [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine!” 可知,多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B。]
11.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A.Owing to military technologies,there has been no wars.
B.For those interested in cooking,food technologies may be a choice.
C.Forensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes.
D.Most athletes can achieve greater achievement with the help of sports scientists.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.”可知,A项(Owing to military technologies,there has been no wars.由于军事技术,没有发生战争。)是错误的,故选A。]
D
Ever called a movie theatre to find out showtime?Or called a customer service centre for help?Chances are you didn't speak to a human being.You probably gave commands to an Automated Speech Recognition(ASR) system.These types of systems are efficient money saving tools that allow companies to address many customer concerns with minimum human intervention.
The technology for such a system has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s.One significant recent achievement is the launching of virtual personal assistants(VPAs) on mobile phones.The most well known of these is Apple's iPhone VPA,Siri.If you tell Siri that you want to schedule lunch with a friend,“she” can set the appointment on your phone in seconds.The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” with a sense of humor.However,it can only be set off when the human user speaks certain key phrases or words.
While the potential for communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting,this possibility concerns some people.Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human to human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations.They worry that people won't be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven't been practicing those skills.Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans,such as customer service.
Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy.When people use certain speech recognition applications,they leave behind an audio track of their speech.When you ask a VPA for directions,your speech is often sent and saved to a remote server for processing.This digital information may lead to data mining,or the collection of large quantities of personal data.
For now,however,the continuing evolution of ASR software is thrilling to behold.Asking for and acquiring information from an automated source has never been easier.Leading companies in the speech recognition world will make human communication with machines as seamless as possible—in other words,just like communicating with another human.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章在开头提到了ASR(Automated Speech Recognition) 自动语音识别的概念,进而在下文的论述中提到了该技术在使用中存在的问题和未来的前景。
12.What can we say about Apple's Siri
A.It's a helpful VPA.
B.It first appeared in the 1950s.
C.It's the most advanced ASR system.
D.It has the same sense of humor as humans.
A [细节理解题。根据题干关键词Apple's Siri定位到文章第二段第三句“The most well known of these is Apple's iPhone VPA,Siri.”其中最著名的是苹果虚拟助理Siri,根据下一句“If you tell Siri that you want to schedule lunch with a friend,‘she’ can set the appointment on your phone in seconds.(如果你告诉 Siri 你想和朋友一起吃午饭,她可以在几秒钟内在你手机上设置约会时间。)”可得出,Siri对手机使用者的帮助意义。选项A“这是一个很有用的VPA”符合题意。故选A项。]
13.What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A.The broad definition of ASR.
B.Potential problems with ASR.
C.The fast development of ASR.
D.Movements against using ASR.
B [段落大意题。第三段首句为本段的主题句“While the potential for communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting,this possibility concerns some people.(虽然人类和机器之间的交流的可能性看起来令人兴奋,但这种可能性使一些人担忧。)”本段接下来讲的就是一些人机交流出现的问题;第四段第一句“Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy.(另一个担忧的问题是与新技术发展相关的对隐私的侵犯。)”可知,第四段同样解释的是人机相互交流之间的问题。所以两段可以作为同一个话题来讲述,即讲述人机相互交流之间的问题。选项B“ASR的潜在问题”符合题意。故选B项。]
14.What is the author's attitude towards the future of ASR
A.Worried. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Indifferent.
C [观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“For now,however,the continuing evolution of ASR software is thrilling to behold.(然而,眼下 ASR的软件的持续进化令人兴奋。)”可以看出,尽管上文提到了ASR的使用中存在的问题,但其未来的发展是光明的。由此可知,作者对ASR的未来充满希望,选项C符合题意。故选C项。]
15.What is the best title for the text
A.Talking to Technology
B.The Application of Siri
C.The Art of Conversation
D.VPAs on Mobile Phones
A [标题归纳题。文章在开头提到了ASR(Automated Speech Recognition) 自动语音识别的概念,进而在下文的论述中提到了该技术在使用中存在的问题和未来的前景。选项A“和技术对话”充分说明了文章的重点,适合作文章题目。故选A项。]
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Scientists often see the first ten years of a child's life as the “window of opportunity”. 16 .And studies show that the following activities can be good for their brain greatly.
17
Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”,but it is also important to a child's development.“Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills,but also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.
Read with kids
Reading has long been known to improve children's intelligence. 18 .For parents who don't have much time,just keeping your kids around books goes a long way too.
Put kids to bed early
19 .Preschool children should get at least 11 hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least 10 hours of sleep.
Learn a second language
Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(会说两种语言的) kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency and pronunciation.
Praise good effort not intelligence
Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks.Kids,who are praised on intelligence,often feel it is a fixed quality,and mistakes or failures badly hurt their self confidence.Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning. 20 .
A.Play some helpful games
B.Give kids enough playtime
C.And they are not afraid to fail and try again
D.Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework
E.Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well
F.Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person's brain
G.Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages,math and reading
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生的前十年被看作是“机会之窗”,在这个时期,每件事情都对孩子的大脑发育起重要作用。文章列举了几条有利于孩子的大脑健康发展的建议。
16.F [根据上句可知,科学家们常常把孩子生命的前十年看作是“机会之窗”,这说明人生的前十年很重要,F项“这个时期的每一件事情对人脑的发育都很重要”符合语境。故选F。]
17.B [根据本段内容,尤其是“Free playtime has always been an important part of ‘being a kid’”可知,自由玩耍的时间对孩子来说特别重要。故B项最适合作本段的小标题。故选B。]
18.E [根据上句可知,人们很早就知道阅读有助于提高孩子的智商。E项“经常阅读的孩子也会发展早期的写作和数字技能”说明阅读对孩子有积极的影响。故选E。]
19.G [根据下句可知,学龄前儿童每天应该有至少11个小时的睡眠,12岁的孩子应该尽量有至少10个小时的睡眠。G项“研究显示睡眠时间有规律的孩子在语言、数学和阅读方面发展得更好”与下句共同说明睡眠的重要性。故选G。]
20.C [空前提到被表扬努力的孩子经常会把更多的精力集中在学习上,C项“而且他们不害怕失败,不害怕再次尝试”与本段中“被表扬聪明的孩子会因为错误或失败而使自信心受到打击”形成对比,符合语境。故选C。]
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What do you think of Bill Gates?You might think of him as a hard working 21 of Microsoft or a technological genius,but one thing you might not know about him is that he's one of the world's 22 men who left Microsoft to donate billions of dollars and 23 the world by creating new inventions.
In 2014 Bill Gates' wife,Melinda Gates, 24 Bill to quit Microsoft and work with her to help what Bill Gates 25 the Bottom Two Billion.The Bottom Two Billion consists of a third of the world's population that live with less than 2 US dollars a day.These people 26 live in areas where electricity is rare and disease is far and wide.
One of the 27 to diseases are vaccines(疫苗),which help the body get over the disease.A problem appears with vaccines because they need to be kept 28 to remain functional.When electricity is rare,it's often very hard to keep refrigerators 29 .One way Gates has proposed is something he calls the “Super Thermos”.It's a strong heat resistant thermos made from the same material spaceships use to meet the 30 .This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.
Another problem for the Bottom Two Billion is 31 .From the 1960s to 1980s,there was an agricultural revolution,which has 32 a lot of new ways to produce crops faster.This meant that the world thought the food 33 problem in Africa was gone but this was hardly the case.The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one,discuss their unique 34 ,and give the farmers heartier seeds that grow better on the 35 soil in that area.Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。我们熟知的世界首富比尔·盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者,他还为世界慈善事业做出了很大的贡献,为世界上需要帮助的人带来了希望。
21.A.officer   B.official
C.millionaire D.founder
D [根据常识可知,比尔·盖茨是微软公司的创始人,所以此处用founder。]
22.A.richest B.busiest
C.kindest D.hardest
A [结合生活常识和空后的内容可知,比尔·盖茨是世上“最富的”人之一,他离开了微软公司,去做慈善。]
23.A.watching B.helping
C.missing D.visiting
B [根据后文内容,尤其是后文中的“help the body get over the disease”及文章最后一句“Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.”可知,比尔·盖茨是通过创造新的发明而“帮助”世界的。]
24.A.permitted B.forced
C.persuaded D.required
C [根据空后的“quit Microsoft and work with her”和下文中的行动可推知,比尔·盖茨的妻子说服(persuade)了他与自己一起做慈善。]
25.A.sells B.plans
C.designs D.calls
D [根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知,此处指被比尔·盖茨称作Bottom Two Billion的事物,故用call。]
26.A.probably B.originally
C.recently D.mainly
D [联系上下文的意思可知,此处指这些人主要居住在电力稀缺、疾病流行的地方。故选D项。]
27.A.medicines B.efforts
C.solutions D.secrets
C [根据下文中的“help the body get over the disease”可推知,这里指的是解决疾病的方法。故选C。]
28.A.cold B.covers
C.safe D.warm
A [根据下文出现的“refrigerators”和本段最后一句中的“keep vaccines cold for 50 days”可推知,疫苗必须在低温下保存。故选A项。]
29.A.racing B.flying
C.running D.resting
C [根据空前的内容可知,当电力稀缺时,冰箱很难正常运转。故选C项。]
30.A.requirements B.satisfactions
C.opportunities D.deadlines
A [根据疫苗的保存要求可知,“超级保温瓶”选用特殊材料制造是为了满足疫苗的保存要求。故选A项。]
31.A.science B.education
C.industry D.agriculture
D [根据下文介绍的农业方面的变革可知,此处指另一个问题是有关农业的。]
32.A.delayed B.introduced
C.imagined D.recorded
B [根据空后的“a lot of new ways to produce crops faster”可知,这里指农业方面的变革引进(introduce)了许多快速生产粮食的新方法。]
33.A.supply B.health
C.quality D.cleanness
A [根据上一句可推知,农业变革引进了新的增产粮食的方法,这样能提高粮食产量。这样全世界都认为非洲的粮食“供应”问题已经解决了。]
34.A.dreams B.drugs
C.crops D.needs
D [根据上下文可推知,比尔·盖茨通过和每个农民聊天了解他们特有的需要,然后给予帮助。]
35.A.rich B.poor
C.narrow D.high
B [结合常识可知,非洲的土地较为贫瘠,所以很难长出优质的庄稼。这里用poor形容土地贫瘠。]
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
Stephen Hawking,who tried 36.________(explain) some of the most complicated questions of life while himself working under the shadow of a poor physical condition,has died at the age of 76.
He died 37.________(peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early hours of Wednesday.The UK's Press Association reported his 38.________(die),citing(引用)a spokesman for the family.
“Mr.Hawking and his contribution 39.________(remember) forever,” Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said on Wednesday.“He was an outstanding scientist and a fighter who struggled against the disease and contributed greatly 40.________mankind's understanding of science”.
Born in Oxford,England on 8 January,1942,the British theoretical physicist 41.________(know) for his groundbreaking work with black holes and relativity,and was the author of several popular science books,42.________(include)A Brief History of Time.
His 43.________(child),Lucy,Robert and Tim,said:“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.He was a great scientist and 44.________extraordinary man,45.________work and legacy(遗产)will live on for many years.” They praised his courage and persistence and said his talent and humor inspired people across the world.
【语篇解读】 本文为人物传记。主要对伟大的物理学家霍金进行了简单的介绍。
36.to explain [考查固定搭配。try to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“尽力做某事,试图做某事”。故填to explain。]
37.peacefully [考查副词。句意:星期三凌晨他在剑桥的家里平静地死去。此处在句中修饰动词died,修饰动词要用副词,故填 peacefully。]
38.death [考查名词。句意:英国新闻协会报道了他的死亡……分析本句可知,动词die前有形容词his修饰,可知要用其名词形式death,故填death。]
39.will be remembered [考查时态和语态。句意:霍金先生和他所作出的贡献将被永远铭记。空格处应为一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be remembered。]
40.to [考查固定搭配。句意:他是一位杰出的科学家和战士,他奋力抗击疾病,极大地促进了人类对科学的认识。contribute to为固定搭配,意为“促进,有助于”,故填to。]
41.was known [考查时态和语态。be known for...为固定搭配,意为“以……出名”。根据文章可知,霍金已经去世,所以要用一般过去时,故填was known。]
42.including [考查介词。句意:他还是几本科普读物的作者,包括《时间简史》。分析本句可知,几本书“包括(including)”《时间简史》。故填including。 ]
43.children [考查名词复数。分析本句可知,他有三个孩子,故填child的复数形式children。]
44.an [考查冠词。句意:他是一位伟大的科学家,他是一位了不起的人。分析句子可知,extraordinary是以元音音素开头的单词,故填an。 ]
45.whose [考查定语从句。分析本句可知an extraordinary man 是先行词,空处在从句中作定语,修饰work and legacy,故填whose。 ]
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是红星中学高一(1)班的李华,你校《英语报刊》人物专栏征稿。请你用英语介绍一位你敬仰的人物。内容包括以下三个部分:
1.对该人物的简单介绍;
2.敬仰该人物的理由;
3.从该人物身上得到的启示。
注意:词数80左右。
_________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Thomas Edison,was a great scientist and inventor I admire very much.
I admire him because of his contributions to the world.In his life,he was always trying out new ideas and had more than 1,000 inventions,many of which still have a great influence on our life today.He was also very diligent and believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration.All these explained why he had so many great inventions and what he did inspires me to be creative in my work.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo.Mary and her classmates were buzzing with excitement as their school bus entered the zoo parking lot.Today,Mary's class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their natural habitats.
“Before you leave the bus,please make sure you have your buddy!” Mrs Brown announced.To make sure no one got lost in the zoo,each student had a buddy(companion/friend).Mary's buddy was named John.John loves animals and likes to go to the zoo.But sometimes,John does not follow the rules and gets in trouble.Mary hoped that today,John would follow the rules so they would not get in trouble.
When the rest of the students got off the bus,Mary and John quickly ran off to explore.They found the exhibits for many different kinds of animals and learned a lot about their natural habitats.They saw the elephants playing and they saw giraffes eating.They saw the polar bears sleeping and the monkeys leaping.Mary asked John,“John,what is your favorite animal?”
“I think I like chimpanzees best.They have a lot of energy,just like me! What animal do you like,Mary?”
“I love polar bears! I think their lifestyle in the Arctic is very interesting.”
A few hours later,Mary and John started to feel hungry.They made their way back to the zoo entrance to eat lunch at the Rainforest Café.The Rainforest Café is both Mary and John's favorite restaurant because there is an aquarium inside.The restaurant is also famous for its chocolate cake,which Mary ordered for dessert after they had finished their lunch.
As Mary was finishing her cake,John excused himself to go to the restroom.About ten minutes later,an alarm suddenly began to go off and a voice came over the loudspeaker,
“Attention! Someone has opened the chimpanzee exhibit! Some chimpanzees have escaped!”
People were screaming and starting to run.Mary looked for John,but he was nowhere to be found.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
As more and more people ran out of the zoo,Mary began to think____________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
As Mary raced up the path to the animal exhibits,she stopped _______________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
As more and more people ran out of the zoo,Mary began to think where John could be.With a mixture of fear and anxiety,Mary started leaving the restaurant to search for her buddy.As she looked around the zoo grounds,it occurred to her that John had told her that chimpanzees were his favorite animals.John wouldn't have left the restaurant to release the chimpanzees,would he?Oh no! Mary was sure she knew where John had gone.
As Mary raced up the path to the animal exhibits,she stopped because she saw John with two chimpanzees held in his arms.He offered a small,guilty smile.“I didn't mean to let them escape,” he said.“I just wanted to set them free so that they could play outside for a little while!” he continued with excitement.“I took the key from a zookeeper who wasn't looking.But then,the exhibit lock broke and...” Behind Mary,Mrs Brown had begun to walk up the path and saw John holding the animals.It was clear from her serious expression that he was in big trouble.
PAGE
15单元综合检测(四)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分;满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The advancement of human civilization is possible
just because of enormous contribution made by scientists.They are one of the most influential people of today's world.With practical advantages in engineering,medicine and technology,they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us.Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy.Here is a list of the four great scientists we've ever seen who changed the world.
Louis Pasteur(1822-1895)
Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of
medical sciences developing cures for rabies,anthrax and other infectious diseases.He also invented the process of pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to make milk safer to drink.He probably saved more lives than any other person.
Otto Hahn(1879-1968)
Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear
fission(裂变)in 1939.He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio chemistry,and discovered radioactive elements in 1921.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
Nikola Tesla(1856-1943)
Tesla worked on electro magnetism and AC current.
He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission,but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection.He played a key role in the development of modern electricity.
James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)
Maxwell made great progress in understanding electro magnetism.His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子)physics.Einstein said of Maxwell,“The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了四位伟人,四个人都为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
1.What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society
A.The development of medicine.
B.Radio chemistry.
C.Modern electricity.
D.Quantum physics.
2.Who was thought highly of by Einstein
A.Louis Pasteur.    
B.Otto Hahn.
C.Nikola Tesla.
D.James Clerk Maxwell.
3.What can we infer about the four people
A.They are medical pioneers.
B.They are Nobel Prize winners.
C.They are great contributors to society.
D.They are founders of modern physics.
B
Madame Curie,the youngest of the five children,was born in Warsaw,Poland in 1867.Marie Curie's maiden name was Manya.Her parents were teachers,and she learned the importance of education at a very early age.No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time,so Manya took a job as a tutor.She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sister's medical studies.Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris,changing her name to Marie.
She entered the Sorbonne(now the University of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics,graduating at the top of her class.For the research she wanted to do,she was introduced to another young scientist,Pierre Curie.Later,they fell in love with each other.
After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize,fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband,because science was their world and in this world of science,fame and honor to persons had no value.One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself,her thoughts and her beliefs,she answered him,“In science we must be interested in things,not in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words,which she was later often to repeat.One evening,at a big party,a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece,who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner,“I don't see the value of it.” Then,seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend,she quickly added,“But...but...of course,I shall do whatever you please.Just as you please.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。
4.What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sister's medical studies
A.She was a teacher.  B.She was a doctor.
C.She was a tutor. D.She was a waitress.
5.What was valuable to Marie Curie
A.Science and research. B.Fame and honor.
C.Character and spirits. D.Persons and things.
6.The writer for a newspaper was interested in________.
A.things B.Marie Curie
C.Marie's husband D.persons
7.What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece
A.The King was angry with Marie Curie.
B.For the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.
C.The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.
D.Marie Curie held another party for the King.
C
What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age?There are diseases like AIDS and cancer.There's climate change,of course.And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population?Who's going to solve all these terrible problems?Yes,politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play.Yes,businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things.But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.It's going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.
If you like thinking about the world around you,why not become a scientist?It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine!Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting!
Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals.Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists.Don't think a scientist is far away!Maybe you like cooking?You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer.Perhaps sport is your thing?Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance?You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.
Looking for something to do for the rest of your life?My advice?Take a long and hard look at science.It is interesting and ever.
【语篇解读】 本文提出在新时代社会必须解决的最大问题,科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。
8.Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to________.
A.suggest they are impossible to be solved
B.introduce the causes of these problems
C.show the writer's worry about the future world
D.show scientists play an important part in solving them
9.What is needed to solve these problems
A.Advanced weapons.
B.Enough energy.
C.New technologies.
D.A growing population.
10.Most people think the life of scientists is________.
A.amazing B.boring
C.colorful D.unreal
11.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A.Owing to military technologies,there has been no wars.
B.For those interested in cooking,food technologies may be a choice.
C.Forensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes.
D.Most athletes can achieve greater achievement with the help of sports scientists.
D
Ever called a movie theatre to find out showtime?Or called a customer service centre for help?Chances are you didn't speak to a human being.You probably gave commands to an Automated Speech Recognition(ASR) system.These types of systems are efficient money saving tools that allow companies to address many customer concerns with minimum human intervention.
The technology for such a system has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s.One significant recent achievement is the launching of virtual personal assistants(VPAs) on mobile phones.The most well known of these is Apple's iPhone VPA,Siri.If you tell Siri that you want to schedule lunch with a friend,“she” can set the appointment on your phone in seconds.The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” with a sense of humor.However,it can only be set off when the human user speaks certain key phrases or words.
While the potential for communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting,this possibility concerns some people.Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human to human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations.They worry that people won't be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven't been practicing those skills.Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans,such as customer service.
Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy.When people use certain speech recognition applications,they leave behind an audio track of their speech.When you ask a VPA for directions,your speech is often sent and saved to a remote server for processing.This digital information may lead to data mining,or the collection of large quantities of personal data.
For now,however,the continuing evolution of ASR software is thrilling to behold.Asking for and acquiring information from an automated source has never been easier.Leading companies in the speech recognition world will make human communication with machines as seamless as possible—in other words,just like communicating with another human.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章在开头提到了ASR(Automated Speech Recognition) 自动语音识别的概念,进而在下文的论述中提到了该技术在使用中存在的问题和未来的前景。
12.What can we say about Apple's Siri
A.It's a helpful VPA.
B.It first appeared in the 1950s.
C.It's the most advanced ASR system.
D.It has the same sense of humor as humans.
13.What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A.The broad definition of ASR.
B.Potential problems with ASR.
C.The fast development of ASR.
D.Movements against using ASR.
14.What is the author's attitude towards the future of ASR
A.Worried. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Indifferent.
15.What is the best title for the text
A.Talking to Technology
B.The Application of Siri
C.The Art of Conversation
D.VPAs on Mobile Phones
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Scientists often see the first ten years of a child's life as the “window of opportunity”. 16 .And studies show that the following activities can be good for their brain greatly.
17
Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”,but it is also important to a child's development.“Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills,but also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.
Read with kids
Reading has long been known to improve children's intelligence. 18 .For parents who don't have much time,just keeping your kids around books goes a long way too.
Put kids to bed early
19 .Preschool children should get at least 11 hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least 10 hours of sleep.
Learn a second language
Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(会说两种语言的) kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency and pronunciation.
Praise good effort not intelligence
Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks.Kids,who are praised on intelligence,often feel it is a fixed quality,and mistakes or failures badly hurt their self confidence.Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning. 20 .
A.Play some helpful games
B.Give kids enough playtime
C.And they are not afraid to fail and try again
D.Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework
E.Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well
F.Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person's brain
G.Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages,math and reading
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生的前十年被看作是“机会之窗”,在这个时期,每件事情都对孩子的大脑发育起重要作用。文章列举了几条有利于孩子的大脑健康发展的建议。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What do you think of Bill Gates?You might think of him as a hard working 21 of Microsoft or a technological genius,but one thing you might not know about him is that he's one of the world's 22 men who left Microsoft to donate billions of dollars and 23 the world by creating new inventions.
In 2014 Bill Gates' wife,Melinda Gates, 24 Bill to quit Microsoft and work with her to help what Bill Gates 25 the Bottom Two Billion.The Bottom Two Billion consists of a third of the world's population that live with less than 2 US dollars a day.These people 26 live in areas where electricity is rare and disease is far and wide.
One of the 27 to diseases are vaccines(疫苗),which help the body get over the disease.A problem appears with vaccines because they need to be kept 28 to remain functional.When electricity is rare,it's often very hard to keep refrigerators 29 .One way Gates has proposed is something he calls the “Super Thermos”.It's a strong heat resistant thermos made from the same material spaceships use to meet the 30 .This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.
Another problem for the Bottom Two Billion is 31 .From the 1960s to 1980s,there was an agricultural revolution,which has 32 a lot of new ways to produce crops faster.This meant that the world thought the food 33 problem in Africa was gone but this was hardly the case.The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one,discuss their unique 34 ,and give the farmers heartier seeds that grow better on the 35 soil in that area.Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。我们熟知的世界首富比尔·盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者,他还为世界慈善事业做出了很大的贡献,为世界上需要帮助的人带来了希望。
21.A.officer   B.official
C.millionaire D.founder
22.A.richest B.busiest
C.kindest D.hardest
23.A.watching B.helping
C.missing D.visiting
24.A.permitted B.forced
C.persuaded D.required
25.A.sells B.plans
C.designs D.calls
26.A.probably B.originally
C.recently D.mainly
27.A.medicines B.efforts
C.solutions D.secrets
28.A.cold B.covers
C.safe D.warm
29.A.racing B.flying
C.running D.resting
30.A.requirements B.satisfactions
C.opportunities D.deadlines
31.A.science B.education
C.industry D.agriculture
32.A.delayed B.introduced
C.imagined D.recorded
33.A.supply B.health
C.quality D.cleanness
34.A.dreams B.drugs
C.crops D.needs
35.A.rich B.poor
C.narrow D.high
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
Stephen Hawking,who tried 36.________(explain) some of the most complicated questions of life while himself working under the shadow of a poor physical condition,has died at the age of 76.
He died 37.________(peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early hours of Wednesday.The UK's Press Association reported his 38.________(die),citing(引用)a spokesman for the family.
“Mr.Hawking and his contribution 39.________(remember) forever,” Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said on Wednesday.“He was an outstanding scientist and a fighter who struggled against the disease and contributed greatly 40.________mankind's understanding of science”.
Born in Oxford,England on 8 January,1942,the British theoretical physicist 41.________(know) for his groundbreaking work with black holes and relativity,and was the author of several popular science books,42.________(include)A Brief History of Time.
His 43.________(child),Lucy,Robert and Tim,said:“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.He was a great scientist and 44.________extraordinary man,45.________work and legacy(遗产)will live on for many years.” They praised his courage and persistence and said his talent and humor inspired people across the world.
【语篇解读】 本文为人物传记。主要对伟大的物理学家霍金进行了简单的介绍。
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是红星中学高一(1)班的李华,你校《英语报刊》人物专栏征稿。请你用英语介绍一位你敬仰的人物。内容包括以下三个部分:
1.对该人物的简单介绍;
2.敬仰该人物的理由;
3.从该人物身上得到的启示。
注意:词数80左右。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo.Mary and her classmates were buzzing with excitement as their school bus entered the zoo parking lot.Today,Mary's class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their natural habitats.
“Before you leave the bus,please make sure you have your buddy!” Mrs Brown announced.To make sure no one got lost in the zoo,each student had a buddy(companion/friend).Mary's buddy was named John.John loves animals and likes to go to the zoo.But sometimes,John does not follow the rules and gets in trouble.Mary hoped that today,John would follow the rules so they would not get in trouble.
When the rest of the students got off the bus,Mary and John quickly ran off to explore.They found the exhibits for many different kinds of animals and learned a lot about their natural habitats.They saw the elephants playing and they saw giraffes eating.They saw the polar bears sleeping and the monkeys leaping.Mary asked John,“John,what is your favorite animal?”
“I think I like chimpanzees best.They have a lot of energy,just like me! What animal do you like,Mary?”
“I love polar bears! I think their lifestyle in the Arctic is very interesting.”
A few hours later,Mary and John started to feel hungry.They made their way back to the zoo entrance to eat lunch at the Rainforest Café.The Rainforest Café is both Mary and John's favorite restaurant because there is an aquarium inside.The restaurant is also famous for its chocolate cake,which Mary ordered for dessert after they had finished their lunch.
As Mary was finishing her cake,John excused himself to go to the restroom.About ten minutes later,an alarm suddenly began to go off and a voice came over the loudspeaker,
“Attention! Someone has opened the chimpanzee exhibit! Some chimpanzees have escaped!”
People were screaming and starting to run.Mary looked for John,but he was nowhere to be found.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
As more and more people ran out of the zoo,Mary began to think____________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
As Mary raced up the path to the animal exhibits,she stopped _______________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
PAGE
15