Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language
表语从句
观察下面句子, 并用适当的连词填空
(1)One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
(2)The other was that cholera was caused by infection from germs in food or water.
(3)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
(4)What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
一、概念
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句, 叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后, 用来说明主语的身份或特征。
二、连接词的用法
1. that引导的表语从句。
用法: ①无意义 ②不充当句子成分 ③不可省略
*(2021·全国乙卷) The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
问题可能是, 在我们的办公室里, 当我们试图集中注意力时, 我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。
*The trouble is that we haven’t found enough proofs to prove him to be guilty.
麻烦是我们还没有找到足够的证据来证明他有罪。
2. whether引导的表语从句。
*The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Tibet this summer holiday.
问题是你的父母是否同意你暑假去西藏旅行的计划。
3. 连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句, 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
*The problem is who is willing to defend for the suspect in the court. 问题是谁愿意为这个嫌疑犯在法庭上辩护。
*With the efforts of local people, the city is no longer what it used to be. 在当地人的努力下, 这个城市不再是过去的样子。
4. 连接副词引导的表语从句。
*The problem is how we can transform our initial dream into reality.
问题是我们如何把我们的最初的梦想变成现实。
*That’s where the famous astronomer disagreed.
那就是这个著名的天文学家不同意的地方。
5. because, as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
*That’s because you don’t know how to handle this kind of crisis. 这是因为你不知道如何应对这类危机。
*It looks as if the young man is likely to be in charge of the department.
看起来似乎这个年轻人有可能负责这个部门。
语法填空
(1)(2020 全国Ⅱ卷) The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
(2)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The bottom line is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.
(3)The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
(4) All I know is what I read in the papers.
(5) This is where I don’t agree with you.
三、注意事项
1. why和because引导的表语从句的区别。
That’s why. . . 意为“那是……的原因”, 强调结果
That’s because . . . 意为“那是因为……”, 强调原因
*I didn’t phone her, and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话。那就是她生我气的原因。
(强调她生气的这一结果)
*I didn’t phone her, and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话, 那是因为我生她的气了。
(强调没打电话的原因)
2. reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时, 后面的表语从句表示原因时, 要用that来引导, 而不是because。
*The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
每年需要重新注射的原因是这病毒会变化。
3. 表语从句中的虚拟语气。
在表语从句中, 表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等, 主句中的主语通常是: advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等, 从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”(should可以省略, 但不可换成would)。
*My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早出发。
语法填空
(1)I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. This is why I had a few days off.
(2)He was late today. This is because he got up late.
(3)The reason why we didn’t go was that we were not informed of the information.
(4)My proposal is that you (should) arrange your assistant to this project.
使用本单元所学语法知识(表语从句)翻译下面的语段:
好消息是我们学校要去露营。由于最近的糟糕天气, 问题是我们什么时候动身。学生们关心的是我们去哪里露营。那是因为我们想去一个风景美丽的地方。我的建议是我们去附近的峡谷。原因是交通非常方便。最吸引人的是那里有很多名胜。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The good news is that our school will go camping. Due to bad weather recently, the problem is when we will set off. Students’ concern is where we will camp. That’s because we want to go to a place with beautiful scenery. My suggestion is that we should go to the valley nearby. The reason is that the traffic is convenient. What’s the most attractive is that there are many famous places of interest.
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1Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking
【词汇知识·自主学习】
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. cause severe diarrhoea 引起严重的腹泻
2. become frustrated 变得沮丧
3. two contradictory theories 两种相互矛盾的理论
4. an infection from germs 感染了细菌
5. need proof 需要证据
6. multiple deaths 很多人死亡
7. many poor households 很多贫困家庭
8. suspect him of theft 怀疑他盗窃
9. through this intervention 通过这种干预
10. raw waste 未经处理的废弃物
11. pure water 纯净水
12. a substantial decrease 大幅降低
13. use of maps and statistics 地图和统计数据的使用
14. transform the way 改变方式
Ⅱ. 根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空
1. Many of the local children have died from the disease.
2. They moved to a larger farm and in time made it over to Francis.
3. If we do not attend to the problem, it will certainly grow.
4. The problem must be solved once and for all, without leaving any loose end.
5. She had a confused idea of life in general.
6. The government tried to find out how the disaster happened.
7. As a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one.
8. Thanks to mobile libraries, these people can still borrow books.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe (非常严重) that more than 500 people died in ten days.
2. It seemed that (似乎)the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered (让人送水)to her house every day.
3. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that (为了)it could not be used.
因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 使它不能再用。
4. The people who drank this water were much more likely to (很可能) get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
5. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases (科学家研究疾病的方式).
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. –ion 常用于动词之后构成名词。
infect v. →infection n. 感染
select v. →selection n. 挑选
elect v. →election n. 选举
collect v. →collection n. 收集
2. v. +to构成动词短语, 在句中作谓语。
subscribe to同意; 赞同
object to反对
admit to 承认
contribute to对……作贡献, 有助于
【阅读精析·合作学习】
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)According to John Snow’s view, .
A. Queen Victoria suffered a lot from bad health
B. a cure had been found for cholera before his time
C. cholera’s cause had to be discovered in order to control it
D. thousands of terrified people knew what they should do
(2)Which of the following theories did John Snow believe
A. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.
B. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C. People got infected with cholera because of polluted air.
D. People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
(3)After he made further investigations, John Snow found .
A. cholera multiplied in the air
B. people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals
C. the water from the polluted river was to blame
D. flies spread the disease
(4)How did John Snow find out the cause of the disease
A. By living in the area where cholera broke out.
B. By marking a map where all the dead people had lived.
C. By telling the terrified people how to prevent it.
D. By saving the dying people suffering from cholera.
(5)How was “King Cholera” defeated
A. By not polluting the river again.
B. By eating healthy diets.
C. By delivering the water from other rivers.
D. By stopping drinking the polluted water.
答案: (1)～(5)CBCBD
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
The cholera’s severity and John Snow’s desire This illness causes (1)severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
As a young doctor, John Snow never lost his (2)desire to destroy cholera.
The two (3)contradictory theories about cholera One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an (4)infection from germs in food or water. John Snow agreed to the latter.
John Snow’sprocess forstopping cholera John Snow started his investigation by locating the exact places and stopped the disease in its tracks by (5)removing the handle of the pump.
The causes of cholera The main reason was that the water polluted by (6)waste was sold by water companies to people who drank this water.
John Snow’s achievement and influence on the future Cholera is a problem but can be (7)prevented due to John Snow. John Snow changed the way scientists study (8)diseases. John Snow is regarded as the father of modern epidemiology.
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)Cholera(主语) used to be (谓语)one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed (how it could be overcome)(宾语从句). (时间状语)
译文: 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一, 直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何攻克它。
(2) As a young doctor(状语), John Snow (主语)became frustrated(谓语) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(原因状语).
译文: 作为一名年轻的医生, 约翰·斯诺变得沮丧, 因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
(3)In time(状语), he(主语)rose(谓语) to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(时间状语).
译文: 最终, 他成了名医, 甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时还照料过她。
(4)Snow (主语)began(谓语) by marking on a map the exact places where all those (who died)(定语从句) had lived(定语从句).
译文: 斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经生活过的准确地点。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. How did Snow defeat cholera (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
Firstly, he subscribed to the second theory.
Secondly, he began to investigate to collect proof.
Thirdly, he marked on a map the exact places where people who died had lived.
Fourthly, he looked into the source of the water and found that it came from the polluted river.
Finally, the source of water was examined and cholera was controlled.
2. What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods. They treat the sick with love and kindness.
3. What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it.
【要点精研·探究学习】
1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的
*The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.
恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。
*What made him frustrated was that his son was infected with the flu virus.
令他懊恼的是, 他的儿子感染了流感病毒。
*Several more days went by and the youth’s feelings of frustration increased.
几天过去了, 年轻人的挫折感更强了。
*He found that watching the movie was frustrating because the ending was so bad.
他发现看这部电影是令人沮丧的, 因为结局太悲伤了。
【导图理词】 feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
When you are cool, poised and frustrated. 得意时淡然, 失意时泰然。
语法填空
(1)My camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated (frustrate).
(2)Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and frustrating (frustrate) experience.
(3)I was close to tears with frustration (frustrate), but I held back.
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期交纳(会费)
*Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
*There are multiple magazines and you can subscribe to the ones that you are interested in.
有很多种杂志, 你可以订阅你感兴趣的。
*I subscribe to a few favourite charities.
我定期向几个中意的慈善机构捐款。
【词块积累】
(1)subscribe to 同意, 赞同; 订购
(2)subscriber n. 订阅人, 订购者; 定期捐款者
subscribe to意为“同意, 赞成”时, to为介词, 后常跟view, belief, theory等名词作宾语。
【巧学助记】
Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his suggestion.
我们班长提出了我们应该订购一些杂志的建议, 班主任同意了他的建议。
(1)My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science.
我订阅《新科学家》主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。
(2)Write away now for the free album offered to every new subscriber.
请速来信订阅, 每位新订阅者可获取免费画册一本。
3. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
*(2020·天津高考)He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置, 指向嫌疑人, 然后把它打开。
*Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
*They all suspected the man with a moustache to be a player.
他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是个运动员。
【词块积累】
(1)suspect that. . . 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb. to be. . . 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
【熟词生义】
Some of the proof they produced was highly suspect.
他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。(adj. 不可靠的)
有些单词词性不同, 发音不同。作名词时重音在前, 作动词时重音在后, 即“名前动后”。
The suspect is not used, not doubt. 疑则勿用, 用则不疑。
语法填空
(1)The man was suspected of committing(commit) severe crime.
(2)She suspected (suspect) that one of her three daughters had picked the diamond ring up, but the girls said they hadn’t.
(3)We suspected the man to be (be)a cheat at first but it turned out an outstanding astronomer.
(4)The man, suspected (suspect) of casting stones at the car, was arrested by the police.
4. blame vt. 把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责 n. 责备; 指责
*She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s injury.
她没把她父亲的受伤归咎于任何人。
*Police blamed the accident on dangerous driving.
警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。
*Which driver was to blame for the severe accident
哪位司机对此次严重事故负有责任
*The institute will have to take the blame for the wrong statistics.
这个机构将不得不对错误的统计数字负责。
【词块积累】
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth. on. . . 把某事归咎于……
be to blame(for sth. ) (对某事)负有责任
(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth. on. . . 把某事归咎于……
Bad workmen often blame their tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。(比喻一个人水平不足, 却要怪别的、外界的、客观的因素。)
语法填空
(1)Tom’s colleague blamed the failure of the business talk on him.
= Tom’s colleague blamed him for the failure of the business talk.
(2) This is not his fault. I am to blame(blame)for not having made the whole thing clear to him.
5. link n. 联系; 纽带 vt. 把……连接起来; 相关联
*Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外, 斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
*Fingerprints linked the suspect to the case.
指纹表明这个嫌疑犯同案件有关系。
*There is convincing proof that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.
有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
【词块积累】
(1)a link between. . . (and. . . ) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)
(2)link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link up (with sb. /sth. ) (与某人/某物)连接, 结合
be linked to/with. . . 与……有联系/有关
【知识延伸】
表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有:
connect. . . with/to. . . ; join. . . to
【熟词生义】
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water. (link vt. 挽住)
我和一个指导员手挽手, 帮忙把那个年轻人抬出了水面。
语法填空
(1)Police suspected there may be a link between the two murders.
(2)The video cameras are linked (link)to a powerful computer.
(3)The Channel Tunnel links Britain with/to the rest of Europe.
(4)The relationships you are developing now will probably be linked (link)to the ones you value later.
6. decrease n. 减少; 降低; 减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少; 减小; 降低
*Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
通过斯诺的不懈努力, 供水公司开始销售清洁水, 世界各地的霍乱威胁也大幅减少了。
*There has been a decrease in traffic accidents.
交通事故减少了。
*The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs.
由于更低的燃料花费, 运输费用在降低。
【词块积累】
(1)decrease(from. . . )to (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decrease in 在……方面减少
(2)a decrease in. . . ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
【知识延伸】
People who don’t want to climb tend to decrease.
不想往上爬的人容易往下降。
根据语境用适当的介词填空
(1)It is said that the average house prices may decrease by 3% next year because of the intervention of the government.
(2)The sales of this product have decreased from five million to three million.
(3)A local newspaper remarks that crime is on the decrease.
7. thanks to幸亏, 由于
*Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
幸运的是, 由于约翰·斯诺的工作, 我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
*Thanks to recent research, vaccines against the flu virus are available.
多亏近来的研究, 才有了抵抗流感病毒的疫苗。
*Owing to/Due to bad weather, the next flight will be cancelled.
由于天气恶劣, 下一航班将被取消。
【知识延伸】
表示“因为, 由于”的其他短语:
语法填空
(1) Owing (owe)to the help from his comrades, he has made rapid progress.
(2)Thanks to his help, I finished my work on time.
(3)His school work is suffering because of family problems.
(4)On account of his illness, he was never left alone.
8. transform vt. 使改观; 使改变形态 vi. 改变; 转变
*A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.
新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。
*(2020·浙江高考)I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.
我学到了很多关于如何延伸事物的生命并将它们转化为新的和有用的东西。
*China’s plan to transform Hainan into a free trade port is expected to spur local consumption and enhance competitiveness of duty-free products.
中国计划把海南变成自由贸易港的方案有望刺激当地消费, 提高免税产品的竞争力。
【词块积累】
transform. . . into. . . 把……变成……
transformation n. 改变; 改观
语法填空
(1)The magician transformed the handkerchief into a bird.
(2)There was a noticeable transformation (transform) in his appearance.
(3)Life in Britain was transformed(transform) by the appearance of the steam engine in the past.
9. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现在两个街道上霍乱传播得如此厉害, 以至于10天之内就有500多人失去了生命。
【句式解构】
(1)so. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句, 此结构中so为副词, 后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为:
(2)such. . . that作“如此……以至于”, 连接一个表示结果的状语从句时, 与so. . . that意思相同, 但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词, 也可以不带), such. . . that的句型结构可分以下三种:
(3)当so或such位于句首时, 主句应用部分倒装形式。
*(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
食物如此美味, 你不需要吃太多就能感到高兴。
*This is such a solid object that it is hard to break it up.
这是一个很坚实的物体, 很难打碎它。
*So severe was the situation at that time that they had to take urgent measures.
当时情况如此严重, 以至于他们不得不采取紧急措施。
(1)so. . . that引导结果状语从句
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句, 也可引导结果状语从句。
(1)语法填空
①(2020·天津高考) It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.
②There were so many cars on the road that I couldn’t get through.
③This is such an abstract problem that none can understand it without effort.
(2)一句多译
她是一个如此聪明的姑娘, 我们都喜欢她。
①She is so brilliant a girl that we all like her. (so. . . that)
②She is such a brilliant girl that we all like her. (such. . . that)
③So brilliant a girl is she that we all like her. (so. . . that倒装)
④Such a brilliant girl is she that we all like her. (such. . . that倒装)
【要点拾遗】
1. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的, 不一致的
*In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
总的来说, 当时的医生对霍乱是如何传播的有两种相互矛盾的解释。
*We are faced with two apparently contradictory concepts.
我们正面临着两个明显矛盾的概念。
*(2018·江苏高考)But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory.
但是我获得的信息是丰富的、多样的甚至相反的。
【词块积累】
be contradictory to 与……矛盾/对立
(1)The witness to the accident provided some contradictory proof.
这起事故的目击者提供了一些相互矛盾的证据。
(2)The two issues are closely related, but contradictory to each other as well.
这两个问题息息相关, 却又互相矛盾。
2. handle n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 vt. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
*Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 这样水泵就不能用了。
*The police are expert at handling situations like this.
警察处理这类情况很内行。
*The pilot knows how to handle a plane.
飞行员知道如何操作飞机。
*The suspect said he had never handled a gun before.
嫌疑人说他以前从未碰过枪。
语法填空
(1)They have the confidence and ability to handle (handle) the important matter well.
(2)The salesgirl is very good at handling (handle) difficult customers, which pleases the manager very much.
3. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外, 斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【句式解构】
本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases是定语从句, 修饰 the way, 从句省略了关系词 that 或 in which。
*You could tell she was foreign by the way she dressed.
从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。
*5G will surely change the way people work and live.
5G将会改变人们的工作和生活方式。
(1)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句, 也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉, 此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语, 则用关系代词that/which, 作宾语时还可以省略。
(3)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后还可接不定式或of doing sth. 的形式。
(1)However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
然而, 在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话方式的不同。
(2)Something that happens in your daily life will change the way you look at the world and the people in it.
日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世人的方式。
【拓视野·观天下】
1. Republic of Korea’s population fell year-on-year for the first time in 2020, census data showed Sunday, with a record low number of births getting surpassed by deaths to cause a natural decrease.
周日公布的人口普查数据显示, 2020年韩国首次出现人口负增长, 死亡人口数超过新生人口数, 新生人口数创历史新低。
2. Up to 85 percent of the Chinese population will subscribe to mobile services by 2025, while 88 percent of those subscribers will have smartphones.
到2025年, 高达85%的中国人口将订阅移动服务, 而其中88%的用户将拥有智能手机。
3. More than 90 percent of China’s energy is supplied by state-owned enterprises. They need to transform from traditional energy to new energy.
中国90%以上的能源由国有企业供应。他们需要从传统能源转变为新能源。
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16Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language
【词汇知识·自主学习】
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. cast different shadows of you 投射你不同的影子
2. all the colours of the rainbow 彩虹的各种颜色
3. pour the coffee 倒咖啡
4. a concrete floor 混凝土地面
5. China’s aerospace science 中国航天科学
6. patriotic youth 爱国青年
7. Railway Mechanical Engineering 铁路机械工程
8. aviation major 航空专业
9. defend the country 保卫国家
10. American jet and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术
11. a graduate assistant 研究生助理
12. space and missile programme 太空和导弹计划
13. under Qian’s leadership 在钱学森的领导下
14. trace back to Qian’s research 可以追溯到钱学森的研究
15. an outstanding and creative scientist 一位杰出的有创造力的科学家
16. the most famous and gifted scientist 最著名和最有天赋的科学家
17. abstract thought 抽象思维
18. the steady state theory 稳态理论
19. the steady state concept 稳态概念
20. astronomers with telescopes 使用望远镜的天文学家
21. besides being brilliant 除了出色之外
22. furthermore adv. 此外
23. admit his faults 承认他的错误
24. a shift in personal interest 个人兴趣的转变
25. a vivid imagination 生动的想象
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1. We shall maintain our focus on(关注) the needs of the customer.
2. Churches are often built in the form of(以……的形式) a cross.
3. Modern farming methods can have an impact on(对……有影响) the environment.
4. People can’t know the exact time when COVID-19 broke out(爆发) in the world.
5. He was placed in charge of(负责) the department.
6. I am willing to take on the challenge(接受挑战) of carrying out the project.
7. His fear of snakes traced back to(追溯到) an experience in his childhood.
8. Thomas came down (患病)with chickenpox at the weekend.
9. As a schoolgirl, she had dreamed of/about (梦想)becoming an actress.
10. Above all(重要的是), we’ll develop economy to make our country rich.
11. Several of the members have come up with (提出)suggestions of their own.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语意思提示补全句子
1. Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on(影响最大)China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
2. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also(不但……而且) its space and missile programme.
3. When asked(当被问到) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. ”
4. Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed (随后)by the first generation of Long March rockets.
5. Once the maths was corrected(一旦计算修正), it showed that the big bang theory-and not the steady state theory-was true.
6. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said(他说的) or did.
【阅读精析·合作学习】
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
【寻技巧·提能力】
记叙文的特点:
(1)英语记叙文以叙述描写为主, 主要叙述人物、事件、地点或过程。
(2)记叙文的特点:
①通常情况下, 记叙文的主题往往潜伏在字里行间, 不直接地表达出来; 文章主旨要通过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。根据本文的标题John Snow Defeats King Cholera, 可知本文的主题。
②叙述过程大多按时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序来展开。本文是按照约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱王的过程展开的。
③高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解题为主。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法, 快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容, 从整体上去把握文章, 进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。通过略读, 了解约翰·斯诺进行研究的过程。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Why did Qian Xuesen transfer to aviation
A. He liked to be a pilot after graduation.
B. He realized that China needed a strong air force.
C. He wanted to go to Shanghai.
D. He disliked railway mechanical engineering.
(2)Why did he come back to China
A. He wanted to serve his country.
B. He met with difficulties in America.
C. He was a hero in China.
D. He missed his family.
(3)What inspired his scientific research
A. Reading widely. B. Shenzhou rocket.
C. Interest in science. D. Deep appreciation for art.
(4)What proved Hawking’s work on the big bang theory
A. Communicating with Fred Hoyle.
B. Observing the stars.
C. Telescopes used by astronomers.
D. Two main theories.
(5)What helped him in his fight against the disease
A. Cleverness. B. Dreams. C. Determination. D. Mistakes.
答案: (1)～(5)BADCC
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
The father of China’s aerospace
Personalinformation of Qian Xuesen *Born in Hangzhou in 1911*Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. *In 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to (1)aviation. *In 1935, Qian went to the United States to pursue his (2)graduate studies. *Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and (3)rocket technology. *As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s. *In the 1940s, Qian and several other people (4)founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *In (5)1955, Qian returned to China. *Under his leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made (6)satellite. *On 31 October 2009, he died.
A world of pure thought
Stepen Hawking *He was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in (7)physics. *He came down with a disease and lost the use of most of his (8)muscles. *In 1964, he first achieved fame. *He insisted the big (9)bang theory. *The qualities made him a genius: brilliant, brave, determined, willing to admit his (10) faults.
2. Long sentence analysis.
(1)[Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit (过去分词短语作状语)”(who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion)] (who引导的定语从句修饰先行词a man), Qian was an extremely well-respected man(主句主干).
译文: 钱学森备受人们的尊敬, 《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人, 并且他热爱祖国, 甘于奉献, 成就斐然。
(2)However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932(时间状语从句), Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation(主句)because he realised[that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country][动词realise的宾语从句]. 原因状语从句
译文: 然而, 在1932年淞沪会战爆发后, 钱学森决定转学航空专业, 因为他认识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
【要点精研·探究学习】
1. pour vt. 倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料); 涌出; (雨)倾盆而下
*A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.
非牛顿流体很奇怪, 因为你可以像倒液体一样把它倒出来, 但是如果你对它施加任何压力, 它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.
我把油倒进锅中, 然后打开了炉子。
*When the fire broke out, many customers poured out of the supermarket.
当火灾爆发时, 很多顾客从超市里涌了出来。
【词块积累】
pour out 涌出; 倒出
pour in 涌入
pour into 朝……里面倒
Pour water into a sieve. 竹篮子打水一场空。(比喻白费力气, 没有效果, 劳而无功)
写出黑体单词的词义
(1) He got up and poured himself another drink. (倒)
(2) Blood was pouring from his broken nose. (涌出)
(3)It was still pouring outside. ((雨)倾盆而下)
(4)Food donations have poured in from all over the country. (涌入)
2. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始; 爆发
*After the epidemic broke out, the whole country united together and overcame it.
疫情爆发后, 全国人民团结在一起, 并且战胜了它。
*Many people broke through the poverty barrier in 2020 with the assistance of our government.
2020年在我们政府的帮助下很多人摆脱了贫困的障碍。
*Your health will break down if you don’t pay attention to regular exercise.
如果你不注意定期锻炼, 你的身体会垮掉。
【导图理词】
如此“发生”
break out, take place, happen, occur都有“发生”之意, 都不能用于进行时态, 也不能用于被动语态。
语法填空
(1)Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
(2)(2020·天津高考) The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
(3)A neighbour asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke up.
(4)At last, those doctors broke through in their fight against heart disease.
(5)The burglar broke in and stole my money.
3. defend vt. 保卫; 防守; 辩解; 防御; 保护
*(2020·天津高考) “Small does not mean weak, sir, ” she defended herself.
“小并不意味着软弱, 先生, ”她为自己辩解。
*People should try their best to defend the environment against pollution.
人们应该尽最大努力保护环境免受污染。
*The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.
士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
【词块积累】
(1)defend oneself 自卫; 为……辩护
defend against 抵御
defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受……
(2)defence n. 防御; 保卫
in defence (of) 保卫(……)
Like to keep our promise to defend your honor. 遵守诺言就像捍卫你的荣誉一样。(建议世人要严格遵守诺言)
语法填空
(1)He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to defend (defend) him.
(2)The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland against any invasion.
(3)She spoke bravely in defence of freedom of speech.
(4)The wall was built to defend the road from being washed (wash)away by the sea.
4. assistant n. 助理; 助手; 售货员
*She’s always palming the worst jobs off on her assistant.
她总是哄骗她的助手做最苦的差事。
*Thanks to his assistance, we have finished our project ahead of schedule.
多亏了他的帮助, 我们提前完成了我们的工程。
*Under no circumstances should he come to suspect’s assistance.
他绝对不能帮助这个嫌疑人。
*We will do our best to assist you in handling/ to handle this challenge.
我们尽最大努力来帮助你应对这个挑战。
【词块积累】
(1)assistance n. 援助; 帮助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
(2)assist vt. 帮助; 协助; 援助
(1)语法填空
①We will assist you in finding(find) somewhere to live.
②The family decided to assist me with my chores.
③I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance (assist)from.
(2)一句多译
我乐意帮助你学习普通话。
I am willing to assist you with your Mandarin learning.
=I am willing to assist you to learn your Mandarin.
=I am willing to assist you in learning your Mandarin.
5. in charge of主管; 掌管
*The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away.
=Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.
=Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away.
汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。
*The shopkeeper charges 20 yuan for the pump.
店主就这个打气筒要了20元。
*The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
【词块积累】
(1)in charge (of . . . ) 主管/掌管/负责(……)
in the charge of 在……掌管之下; 由……主管, 负责
take charge of . . . 负责/掌管……
free of charge 免费
(2)charge (sb. ) for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
in charge of往往以人作主语, 指“某人负责(主管)某事”; in the charge of往往以物作主语, 指“某物由某人主管”。类似的还有: in control of“控制”, in the control of“由……控制”; in possession of“拥有”, in the possession of“被……拥有”。
You are not in charge of the universe; you are in charge of yourself。你并不掌管整个宇宙, 但你得掌管你自己。(建议人们要学会自律, 管好自己)
(1)语法填空
①As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you for delivery.
②The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.
③To our delight, this class is in the charge of an experienced teacher.
(2)一句多译
我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织。
We all hope you will be in charge of the organization of the school art festival. (in charge of)
=We all hope you will take charge of the organization of the school art festival. (take charge of)
6. come down患(病); 染上(小病)
*Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
自从得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后, 他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。
*Can you tell me how the accident came about
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗
*He came across an experienced mechanic in the factory.
在这个工厂里他偶遇了一个有经验的机械师。
【导图理词】
用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)I come down with flu and am unable to go to work.
(2)That terrible accident came about when we went to New York last year.
(3)It’s a friendly place—people come up to you in the street and start talking.
(4)His book on English learning will come out next month.
7. above all最重要的是; 尤其是
*Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是, 霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
*After all, 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.
毕竟, 锻炼15分钟比不锻炼好。
*All in all, things worked out for the better.
不管怎么说, 一切都在好转。
【词块积累】
first of all “第一, 首先”, 强调排列顺序
after all 毕竟; 终究
in all 共计, 总共
(not)at all 一点也(不), 完全(不)
all in all 总的来说
(1)All in all(总的来说), every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays off.
(2)If you want to speak good English, you should first of all(首先) listen to good English as often as possible.
(3)After all(毕竟), many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age.
8. fault n. 弱点; 过错
*The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault.
警方到达现场, 断定这是司机的责任。
*You are too ready to find fault with other people.
你太喜欢挑别人的毛病了。
【词块积累】
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错; 有责任
find fault with 挑剔, 挑……的毛病
【易混辨析】fault与mistake
易混词 辨析 一言辨异
fault 多指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失, 强调因过失应负的责任 It’s your own fault to make such a mistake. 犯了这样的错误是你自己的过失。
mistake 多指因缺乏正确理解而造成的行动上或认识上的错误
One man’s fault is other man’s lesson. 前车之鉴。(比喻先前的失败, 可以作为以后的教训。)
语法填空
(1) Why should I say sorry when it’s not my (I)fault
(2)I think the owners are at fault for not warning us.
(3)There is no perfect person. Don’t always find fault with him.
9. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 然而, 使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣, 比如音乐和绘画。
【句式解构】本句是一个主从复合句。what引导的是主语从句, 其中含有make+宾语+宾语补足语结构。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It’s her friendliness and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her.
正是她的友好和责任感让我敬佩她。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)But we find it difficult to make the plot adapted complete and attractive enough.
但是我们发现很难让改编的情节足够完整, 足够有吸引力。
*You should also make it a habit to take your watch with you. 你也应该养成带表的习惯。
*She had to shout to make herself heard.
她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
(1)make+宾语+宾语补足语结构中, 宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不带to的不定式或过去分词。
(2)如果宾语本身比较复杂, 可用“make it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词+to do(that)从句(真正的宾语) ”结构。
(3)make sb. do的被动形式为sb. be made to do。
语法填空
(1) Try to make it a rule to speak in the new language as much as possible.
(2)I’m not very good at French, but I can make myself understood (understand).
(3) The boy was made to work (work) twenty hours a day.
(4) The news that our China succeeded in launching Chang’e 5 made us excited(excite).
【要点拾遗】
1. gifted adj. 有天赋的; 天才的; 天资聪慧的
*Each person is special and gifted with unique talents.
每个人都是特别的, 都被赋予了独特的才能。
*You have to have a gift for learning languages.
你必须要有学习语言的天赋。
【词块积累】
be gifted in(doing)sth. 在(做)……方面有天赋
be gifted with sth. 天生具备……
have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋
单句语法填空
(1)He was gifted with a charming smile.
(2)Even gifted children fail to progress without good teaching.
(3)He is the most gifted (gift) research assistant I’ve ever had.
2. abstract adj. 抽象的; 理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要
*Beauty is an abstract concept.
美是一个抽象概念。
*In the abstract, these rays are harmful to people’s health.
从理论上说, 这些射线对人们的健康是有害的。
*There is a section at the end of the magazine that includes abstracts of recent articles.
杂志的最后一部分收录了近期文章的摘要。
【词块积累】
in the abstract抽象地, 从理论上说
(1) Einstein’s Theory of Relativity is so abstract that (如此抽象以至于)most of us cannot understand it.
(2) I think we shouldn’t talk about it in the abstract(抽象地). Let’s be concrete.
(3)We have been discussing the problem in a very abstract manner(用十分不切实际的方式).
3. steady adj. 稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
*This year we’ve seen a steady rise in prices.
今年我们看到了物价的持续增长。
*He urged local officials to act according to the new development philosophy for making steady progress.
他敦促地方官员按照新的发展理念行事, 以便取得稳步进展。
*He was firm and steady unlike others she knew.
他坚定可靠, 和她认识的其他人不一样。
*Debt was increasing steadily. 债务在持续增加。
【词块积累】
(1)hold/remain steady 保持平稳
a steady relationship 稳定的关系
(2)steadily 稳定地
(1)They were expecting the jobless rate to hold steady.
他们预计失业率会保持稳定。
(2)The company’s exports have been increasing steadily.
公司的出口量一直稳步增长。
(3)We are making slow but steady progress.
我们虽然缓慢但是在稳步前进。
4. vivid adj. 生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
*He gave a vivid account of his life as a pilot.
他生动地描述了他当领航员的生活。
*He had a vivid picture of her in his mind.
他头脑中对她有清晰的印象。
(1)He gave a vivid account/description of (生动地描述了) this event as if he had been there.
(2)I’m not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a vivid imagination (有活跃的想象力).
5. We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.
我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。
【句式解构】
the same 后有时用 that引导定语从句, 表示“同一个, 就是那一个”。
*This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。
*Rick hasn’t changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school. 里克一点儿没变, 他看起来和上学时一模一样。
【易混辨析】
the same. . . as. . . 表示“与……一样……”, 即同类异物
the same. . . that. . . 表示“同一个”
This is the same book as I read yesterday.
这本书和我昨天读的那本是一样的。
This is the same book that I read yesterday.
这就是我昨天读的那本书。
(1)He is the same man that we met yesterday.
他就是我们昨天见到的那个人。
(2)My stand on this is just the same as it was four years ago.
我对这个问题的立场和四年前一样。
(3)Driving a boat is not the same as driving a car.
驾船和开车不是一回事。
【读写结合·表达升级】
如何写一篇关于科学精神的评论文章
评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一, 要求对人物外貌、个性、主要事迹及贡献进行描述和说明。
基本框架:
首先, 对人物进行简要的介绍, 比如生平、事件、职业等。
其次, 挑选出人物一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写, 要尽可能地详细, 因为这影响人们对他/她的整体评价。
最后, 对人物进行客观的评价, 包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家潘建伟。
1. 1970年3月生, 浙江东阳人。1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物理博士学位。潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信等方面的研究。
2. 他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家, 并且取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。他获得“改革先锋”等称号。
3. 他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇, 一心做研究, 保持与名利的距离。他站在世界的最前沿, 和宇宙对话, 做前无古人的事业。
参考词汇: 量子通信quantum communication; 维也纳Vienna
·完成句子
1. 潘建伟1970年3月生, 浙江东阳人。
Pan Jianwei was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province in March 1970.
2. 1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物理博士学位。
In 1999, he received his doctor’s degree in experimental physics from the University of Vienna, Austria.
3. 潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信等方面的研究。
Professor Pan Jianwei is mainly engaged in the research of quantum communication.
4. 他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家。
He is an internationally influential scientist in this field.
5. 他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。
He has achieved a series of significant research results.
6. 他获得了“改革先锋”等称号。
He received such titles as “pioneer of reform”.
7. 他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇, 一心做研究, 保持与名利的距离。
He keeps childlike curiosity about the world, devotes himself to research, and keeps his distance from fame and fortune.
8. 他站在世界的最前沿, 和宇宙对话, 做前无古人的事业。
He stands in the front row of the world, talks to the universe, and does things that no one has done before.
·句式升级
9. 用so. . . that改写句3和句4。
Professor Pan Jianwei is so engaged in the research of quantum communication that he is an internationally influential scientist in this field.
10. 用现在分词改写句8。
He stands in the front row of the world, talking to the universe, and doing things that no one has done before.
Pan Jianwei was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province in March 1970. In 1999, he received his doctor’s degree in experimental physics from the University of Vienna, Austria. Professor Pan Jianwei is so engaged in the research of quantum communication that he is an internationally influential scientist in this field and has achieved a series of significant research results. He received such titles as “pioneer of reform”. He keeps childlike curiosity about the world, devotes himself to research, and keeps his distance from fame and fortune. He stands in the front row of the world, talking to the universe, and doing things that no one has done before.
1. 话题词汇
(1)serve the people heart and soul
全心全意为人民服务
(2)share sorrow as well as happiness with sb.
与某人同甘共苦
(3)live a happy life
过着幸福的生活
(4)be enthusiastic about. . .
对……有热情
(5)be qualified for
适合; 胜任
(6)think highly of
对……高度评价
(7)have a gift/talent for
对……有天赋
(8)be strict with
对……严格要求
(9)make great contributions to
对……做出巨大贡献
(10)devote oneself to
致力于; 献身于
(11)make a difference
有影响; 有重要作用
(12)be gifted at
对……有天赋
(13)be good at
擅长……
2. 话题句式
(1)介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩:
①During her career life, she obtained 132 championships, including 4 Olympic championships.
在她的职业生涯中, 她获得了132个冠军, 包括四个奥林匹克冠军。
②When he was still a boy, he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候, 他就对文学表现出了极大的兴趣。
③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语甚至更擅长使用电脑。
④Her story tells us that we should value what we have, and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.
她的故事告诉我们: 我们应该重视我们所拥有的, 努力克服生活中的任何困难。
(2)介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价:
①He became famous for his new theory.
他因他的新理论而出名。
②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
人们把他作为一位激励人的领导而爱戴他。
③We regard him as our model.
我们把他视为我们的榜样。
④Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
雷锋因为他的共产主义精神而受到表扬。
【主题活动·话题实践】
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达(谈论科学体验)
1. Matter on the Sun can exist only in the form of gas.
太阳上的物质只能以气体的形式存在。
2. This occurred when a spaceship went into space.
这发生在宇宙飞船进入太空的时候。
3. How light is reflected is what we’ve always wanted to discover.
光线是如何反射的是我们一直想要发现的。
4. Scientists have been trying to unravel the mysteries of the existence of other planets.
科学家们一直试图揭开其他行星的存在之谜。
5. The scientific experience is fun, exciting and educational.
科学体验是有趣的、令人兴奋的且有教育意义的。
6. This demonstrates there are actually many galaxies in the universe larger than the solar system.
这表明宇宙中实际上有许多星系比太阳系还要大。
7. Through this, we know that human observation equipment and methods are constantly improving.
通过这一点, 我们知道人类的观测设备和方法在不断地改进。
8. This experiment shows the universe is expanding.
这个实验表明宇宙正在膨胀。
9. This evidence proves the actual size of the universe is by no means certain.
这一证据证明, 宇宙的实际大小绝对不是确定无疑的。
10. If you have the chance to experience it, it will become a wonderful memory for you.
如果你有机会去体验它, 它会成为你美好的回忆。
Ⅱ. 话题情境交流
班会上, 同学们就参观科学博物馆时的体验进行热烈的讨论。
Wang Jian: It was amazing to experience such things in the museum. I never think 1. it can exist in the form of a solid(它能以固体的形式存在).
Li Hong: I feel the same way. When I stood on the stage and touched the pole, my hair stood on end soon. I tried several times. 2. It occurred again every time I did it(每次我这样做的时候, 都会发生这样的事).
Hui Fang: Almost everything is fresh to us. 3. Through this, we know that there are many things for us to learn(通过这一次, 我们知道我们还有许多事物要去了解).
Li Daqing: I think we should often go to the museum. Only in this way can we know how light is reflected, what the strange thing means and so on.
【名著悦读·素养培优】
Jane Eyre(excerpt)
The red-room was a square chamber, very seldom slept in, I might say never, indeed, unless when a chance influx of visitors at Gateshead Hall rendered it necessary to turn to account all the accommodation it contained: yet it was one of the largest and stateliest chambers in the mansion. A bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask, stood out like a tabernacle in the centre; the two large windows, with their blinds always drawn down, were half shrouded in festoons and falls of similar drapery; the carpet was red; the table at the foot of the bed was covered with a crimson cloth; the walls were a soft fawn colour with a blush of pink in it; the wardrobe, the toilet-table, the chairs were of darkly polished old mahogany. Out of these deep surrounding shades rose high, and glared white, the piled-up mattresses and pillows of the bed, spread with a snowy Marseilles counterpane. Scarcely less prominent was an ample cushioned easy-chair near the head of the bed, also white, with a footstool before it; and looking, as I thought, like a pale throne.
This room was chill, because it seldom had a fire; it was silent, because remote from the nursery and kitchen; solemn, because it was known to be so seldom entered. The house-maid alone came here on Saturdays, to wipe from the mirrors and the furniture a week’s quiet dust: and Mrs Reed herself, at far intervals, visited it to review the contents of a certain secret drawer in the wardrobe, where were stored divers parchments, her jewel-casket, and a miniature of her deceased husband; and in those last words lies the secret of the red-room—the spell which kept it so lonely in spite of its grandeur.
Mr Reed had been dead nine years: it was in this chamber he breathed his last; here he lay in state; hence his coffin was borne by the undertaker’s men; and, since that day, a sense of dreary consecration had guarded it from frequent intrusion.
My seat, to which Bessie and the bitter Miss Abbot had left me riveted, was a low ottoman near the marble chimney-piece; the bed rose before me; to my right hand there was the high, dark wardrobe, with subdued, broken reflections varying the gloss of its panels; to my left were the muffled windows; a great looking-glass between them repeated the vacant majesty of the bed and room. I was not quite sure whether they had locked the door; and when I dared move, I got up and went to see. Alas! yes: no jail was ever more secure. Returning, I had to cross before the looking-glass; my fascinated glance involuntarily explored the depth it revealed. All looked colder and darker in that visionary hollow than in reality: and the strange little figure there gazing at me, with a white face and arms specking the gloom, and glittering eyes of fear moving where all else was still, had the effect of a real spirit: I thought it like one of the tiny phantoms, half fairy, half imp, Bessie’s evening stories represented as coming out of lone, ferny dells in moors, and appearing before the eyes of belated travellers. I returned to my stool.
Superstition was with me at that moment; but it was not yet her hour for complete victory: my blood was still warm; the mood of the revolted slave was still bracing me with its bitter vigour; I had to stem a rapid rush of retrospective thought before I quailed to the dismal present.
英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的长篇小说《简·爱》发表于1847年, 是一部具有自传色彩的作品。作品讲述一位小时候父母双亡变成孤儿的英国女子在各种磨难中不断追求自由与尊严、坚持自我, 最终获得幸福的故事。小说引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历, 歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见, 成功塑造了一个敢于反抗、敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
1. accommodation n. 住处
2. dreary adj. 沉闷的, 枯燥的
3. intrusion n. 扰乱; 侵犯
4. rivet v. 吸引住
5. reflection n. 反射, 映像, 沉思
6. vacant adj. 空的
7. reveal vt. 揭露
8. visionary adj. 有眼力的
9. superstition n. 迷信, 迷信观点
10. revolt vt. 反抗
1. (语言能力)When was the red-room used
It was used when there were too many visitors.
2. Why was the room quiet
Because it was remote from the nursery and kitchen.
3. (文化意识)Which word can be used to describe the red-room
A. Busy. B. Colourful.
C. Stressful. D. Simple.
答案: C
4. (思维品质)What kind of feeling does this part try to convey
Dreadful and cold.
读后感悟:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
译文:
《简·爱》(节选)
红房子是间空余的卧房, 难得有人在里面过夜。其实也许可以说, 从来没有。除非盖茨黑德府上偶尔涌进一大群客人时, 才有必要动用全部房间。但府里的卧室, 数它最宽敞、最壮观了。一张红木床赫然立于房间正中, 粗大的床柱上, 罩着深红色锦缎帐子, 活像一个会堂。两扇终日窗帘紧闭的大窗, 半掩在清一色织物制成的流苏之中。地毯是红的, 床脚边的桌子上铺着深红色的台布, 墙呈柔和的浅黄褐色, 略带粉红。大橱、梳妆台和椅子都是乌黑发亮的红木做的。床上高高地叠着褥垫和枕头, 上面铺着雪白的马赛布床罩, 在周围深色调陈设的映衬下, 白得炫目。几乎同样显眼的是床头边一把铺着坐垫的大安乐椅, 一样的白色, 前面还放着一只脚凳, 在我看来, 它像一个苍白的宝座。
房子里很少生火, 所以很冷; 因为远离保育室和厨房, 所以很静; 又因为谁都知道很少有人进去, 所以显得庄严肃穆。只有女佣每逢星期六到这里来, 把一周内静悄悄落在镜子上和家具上的灰尘抹去。还有里德太太本人, 隔好久才来一次, 查看大橱里某个秘密抽屉里的东西。这里存放着各类羊皮文件、她的首饰盒, 以及她已故丈夫的肖像。上面提到的最后几句话, 给红房子带来了一种神秘感, 一种魔力, 因而它虽然富丽堂皇, 却显得分外凄清。
里德先生去世已经九年了, 他就是在这间房子里咽气的, 他的遗体在这里让人瞻仰, 他的棺材由殡葬工人从这里抬走。从那天起, 这里便始终弥漫着一种阴森森的祭奠氛围, 所以不常有人闯进来。
贝茜和刻薄的艾博特小姐让我一动不动地坐着的, 是一条软垫矮凳, 摆在靠近大理石壁炉的地方。我面前是高耸的床, 我右面是黑漆漆的高大的橱子, 橱子上柔和、斑驳的反光, 使镶板的光泽摇曳变幻。我左面是关得严严实实的窗子, 两扇窗子中间有一面大镜子, 映照出床和房间的空旷和肃穆。我吃不准他们锁了门没有, 等到敢于走动时, 便起来看个究竟。哎呀! 不错, 比牢房锁得还紧呢。返回原地时, 我必须经过大镜子跟前。我的目光被吸引住了, 禁不住探究起镜中的世界来。在虚幻的影像中, 一切都显得比现实中更冷落、更阴沉。那个陌生的小家伙瞅着我, 白白的脸上和胳膊上都蒙上了斑驳的阴影, 在一切都凝滞时, 唯有那双明亮恐惧的眼睛在闪动, 看上去真像一个幽灵。我觉得她像那种半仙半魔的小精灵, 恰如贝茜在夜晚的故事中所描绘的那样, 从沼泽地带山蕨丛生的荒谷中冒出来, 现身于迟归的旅行者眼前。我回到了我的矮凳上。
这时候我迷信起来了, 但并没有到完全任凭摆布的程度, 我依然热血沸腾, 反抗的奴隶的那种苦涩情绪依然激励着我。往事如潮, 在我脑海中奔涌, 如果我不加以遏制, 我就会向阴暗的现实屈服。
PAGE
25Unit 1 Science and Scientists
【单元脉图·素养导引】
【聆听经典·话题热身】
The Inventor是由Manic Drive这支来自加拿大多伦多的福音摇滚乐队演唱的。乐队成立于1996年, 早期以“One Cross”之名和众多音乐团体在欧美各国展开演唱之旅, 并有多张音乐专辑和EP面世。
注: 听音填空
The Inventor
Here I am
Just another common peculiar man
A scared apprentice
All dressed up in dark past tenths
Disrupt my daydream
①Open up that door
And let me in
Full of hope
Full of curiosity
②Empty in life
Life spent without reasoning
Fix my darkness
With nothing else but your candlelight
A new beginning
③A new end
A life still questioning
A tasteful remedy
Could you tell me your name
Oh, Great Inventor
Would it be the same if I knew
Could you show me your plan
No, I can’t understand
④What you do
Years it’s been
You made time travel with
no machinery
Your work your art so innovating
Contraptions of new life
To aid the thieves that killed the lamb
Stand here waiting
译文:
《发明家》
我在这里
只是另一个常见的古怪人
一个恐惧的学徒
带着黑暗过去的一线生机
破坏我的白日梦
打开那扇门
让我进来
充满希望
充满好奇心
空虚的生活
没有理性的生活
修复我的黑暗
唯用你的烛光
一个新的开始
一个新的结束
生活仍在质疑
一个高雅的解决方法
你能告诉我你的名字吗
哦, 伟大的发明家
如果我知道, 它会是一样的吗
你能告诉我你的计划吗
不, 我不能理解
你做了什么
多年过去了
你徒步与时间赛跑
你的创作你的艺术如此新颖
新生命的发明
去帮助那些杀死羔羊的小偷们
站在这里等待
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