(共22张PPT)
Period 2 Learning about language
The Predicative Clauses
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
1. Enable the students to master the usage of predicative in this unit.
2. Enable the students to use the predicative patterns flexibly.
3. Train the students to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.
语法感知
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
4.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
以上4个句子中的加颜色部分都是从句，这些从句在词性上相当于一个 ，故被称作 从句，而且从句作 ，所以又被称作 从句。
名词
名词性
表语
表语
【归纳用法】
1.概念：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句被称为名词性从句。
2.分类：名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3.连接词
项目 连接词 意义 在句中的功能
连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether 是否 不充当成分
语法精析
连接
代词 who(ever) (无论)谁 主、宾、表
whose 谁的 定
what(ever) (无论)什么 主、宾、表、定
which(ever) (无论)哪个 主、宾、定
连接
副词 when(ever) (无论)何时 时间状语
where(ver) (无论)何地 地点状语
how(ever) (无论)怎么 方式状语
why 为什么 原因状语
【观察例句】
What the place impressed me most was that it has many places of interest.
这个地方给我印象最深的是这里有很多名胜。
This is where I don’t agree with you. 这就是我不同意你的地方。
That is why he was late for class again.那就是他又一次上课迟到的原因。
【归纳用法】
主语+系动词+引导词+简单句（表语从句）
系动词: be, look, remain, seem等。
引导词
连接词： that/whether/as if/ as though
连接代词：who/whose/which/what
连接副词：when/where/why/how
定义：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句和主语指同一内容， 它对主语进行解释，说明，使主语的内容具体化。
【观察例句】
1.The fact is that he hasn’t yet recovered from illness.
2.The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.
3. My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
【归纳用法】
that在表语从句中既不充当成分,又没有意义，且不可以省略。在表示“建
议，劝说，命令”的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从
句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
引导词的用法 (that)
what 在表语从句中充当______________ 表示____________________________.
1. The question is what caused the accident.
2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be .
3. What he told you was what
had been discussed at the meeting.
主语、表语、宾语
什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）
引导词的用法 (what)
who 在表语从句中充当______________表示____.
The problem is who could do the work
2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.
主语、宾语或表语
谁
引导词的用法 (who)
[即学即练]——用that, who /whom, what填空
1.The problem is _________ we can get to replace her.
2.Our village is no longer _______ it was over twenty years ago.
3.The question is _______ caused the accident.
4.What gave you the idea______he’d be here
who/whom
what
what
that
whether在表语从句中表 ______ ,但_______句子的成分。
1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
2.The question is whether it is worth doing.
是否
引导词的用法 (whether )
不充当
[名师点津] if不能引导表语从句
当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引
导，有 why 表 , when表 , where表 , how表 等。
This is how he did it.
That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
That’s why we’ve given you the letter.
引导词的用法(why/when/where/how)
为什么
在…时候
在哪里
怎么样
[即学即练]——用 whether,when ,why, how填空
1.That’s_______ I lefo so early.
2.The problem was __________he could come on time.
3. The first time we met each other was _____ we studied in that school.
4. The trouble is _____ we can master modern science and technology in a short time.
why
whether
when
how
【观察例句】
1.I didn't phone her, and that was why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
2.I didn't phone her, and that was because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我 生她的气了。
【归纳用法】
why 和 because 引导的表语从句的区别：
That's because... 意为“那是因为·····”，强调原因；
That's why... 意为“那是······的原因”，强调结果。
why 与because 引导表语从句的区别
1.That is .
那就是我想让你在这儿工作的原因。
2.I was late for school this morning. last night.
今天早上我上学迟到了。那是因为我昨晚睡得太晚了。
why I want you to work here
That’s because I stayed up too late
behind
S+V+P
link verb
Predicative 表语
Predicative is used ______ the link verb.
A sentence which is used as predicative is Predicative Clause表语从句.
①be动词;
②感官动词：sound, taste,smell, look, feel;
③表示变化的词：go,get, turn, become.
Exercise
that
whether
because
where
what
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.
1.The reason for your mistake is _______ you lack confidence in yourself.
2.The problem is __________ the air pollution can be controlled.
3.I don’t like you. That is _______ you are so lazy.
4.That was ____________ we camped last time.
5.I’d like to start my own business --- that's _____ I’d do if I had the money.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.The fact was .
事实是他没有做真正的努力。
2.The question is .
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
3.Now she has known Millie for years.
现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。
4.My advice is as often as possible.
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
5.That’s .那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
that he didn’t really try
whether the film is worth seeing
it seems as though/if
that you (should) practise speaking English
where I first met her
Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)
Everyone knew 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2. she came from and 3. she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4. they did know was 5. she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6. was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7. they were so narrow-minded，but it didn’t matter 8. others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9. she thought was right.She thought that was
10. the meaning of life lied.
that
where
whether
What
that
whoever
why
what
what(ever)
where
It is never too late to mend.
亡羊补牢，为时未晚。(共35张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
coronavirus
be infected with
confirmed/suspected cases
vaccine（疫苗）
What other kinds of epidemics（流行病） do you know
Bird-flu
malaria
plague（鼠疫）
Ebola
Smallpox（天花）
John Snow Defeated “King Cholera”
Flu
Fast reading
1. Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas
Para1
Para 2
Para 4
Para 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para 3
Careful reading
Cholera
Snow
It's one of ________________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________.
_______________________(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _______ mil ions of people ______________________.
He rose to become _________________ , and even _______________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth..
Snow became ________ because no one knew _________________.
However, he had a desire to __________________ once and for all.
Para 1
“King Cholera”
frustrated
how to prevent or treat cholera
a famous doctor
attended to
destroy cholera
Though being famous, he was still devoted to defeating “King Cholera”
2. Two Theories
While Reading
Theory one: air
Theory two: germs
Symptoms
Symptoms（症状）
cough
sneeze
runny nose
lung
Diarrhoea
dehydration
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
3.What method did Snow use
While Reading
1) Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street
2) Which houses had no death in Broad Street
Multiple deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame.
Evidence
3. Read Para 2 and 3 carefully, complete the chart
While Reading
It was believed that cholera was caused by _______ or germs in __________.
The pump water carried ___________.
Many deaths occurred near the ______________ in Broad Street.
Some people who lived near the pump worked in the pub and _________ drunk the water from the pump ,and lived.
A woman and her daughter died after ____________________________, because she had the water____________________ every day.
Snow began by ___________________ the places where people _________.
Snow had the handle of the pump _________.
A
B
C
D
E
bad air
food or water
marking on the map
died had lived
water pump
had not
moving away from Broad Street
delivered to her house
cholera germs
removed
Supporting evidence
Stage Key words or sentences
1. 2 contrary theories
2. in two particular street the cholera was so severe ..... find out why
3. marking on the map
4. houses number 16,37,38 and 40;
20 and 21; 8 and 9
5. multiple death near the water pump;
some houses had no death.
6. a woman and her daughter had died,
the woman liked the water.... had it delivered to her house
7. John Snow announced that the pump water carried cholera germs.
analyse the result
4. Put the following scientific stages in right order.
ask a question
draw a conclusion
collect data
find supporting evidence
think of a method
find a problem
Rigorous attitude to science
Critical thinking
Creativity
Para 4-5
The Father of Modern Epidemiology
Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste, causing people who drank this water to get malaria.
1) Water companies began to sell clean water.
2) The threat of cholera around the world decreased.
3) He helped people know how to prevnt cholera.
4) Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
2. What contributions did John Snow make
1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854
Was cholera defeated completely
Yes No
How to prevent the cholera
After Reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, _______ (cause) millions of deaths. Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how ________ (prevent) or treat cholera. At that time, doctors had two theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. John discovered that in two particular streets _____ cholera outbreak was ____ severe that over 500 people died in ten days. Through his serious ____________ (investigate), he found it was the pump water in Broad Street _______ resulted in the disease. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump ________ (remove) .
It turned out that the water from the pump _____________ (infect) by waste. Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water ,and the threat of cholera around the world saw _____ substantial decrease.Snow transformed the way __________ scientists study diseases. For this reason, he is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
causing
to prevent
so
the
investigation
that
removed
had been infected
a
that/in which
After Reading
Discover artemisnin to treat malaria,
awarded the Nobel Prize
Father of hybrid rice
keep people away from hunger
Despite the danger of infection, devote to the research of COVID-19
What qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common
strong sense of social responsibility
knowledgeable
courage to face difficulties
Discussion
committed
critical thinking
creativity
questioning mind
care for life
1. Write an article to introduce your favourite scientist.
2. Finish the exe. on Page 4.
1. suspect vt. 认为；怀疑 n. 嫌疑犯
(教材原句) Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
【知识归纳】
suspect sb of doing 怀疑某人做某事
be suspicious of/about 对某事怀疑
suspect sb/sth to be+n/adj. 怀疑、猜想某人/某物为
(1)The boss suspectes him_______ taking the computer away from the company.
(2) Judging from his expression, I suspected him______(be)a thief
(3)Some of his colleagues at work became___________ (suspect) of his behaviour.
【即学即练】
单句语法填空
of
to be
suspicious
2.subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
(教材原句 )Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
(1)subscribe to 同意；赞同；订阅；捐款
subscribe... ...to 在······上签署······；向······捐······
(2)subscriber n.（杂志等）订购者，订阅者；用户；捐助者
【知识归纳】
【即学即练】
(1)She __________ (subscribe )to an environmental action group.
(2)The whole nation ________(subscribe) a lot of money to the flooded areas.
(3)Write a letter to us at once and the free album will be offered to every new __________(subscribe ).
subscribes
subscribed
subscriber
3. blame vt. 责备； 谴责 n. 过失；责备
Those who fail incline to blame the world for their failure.
那些失败者往往会将其失败归咎于社会。
【知识归纳】
blame sb for sth / blame sth on sb 因某事责备某人
be to blame(for) 应承担责任（主动形式表被动意义）
bear/ take the blame for...... 对......负责
【即学即练】
单句语法填空
(1) They blamed him_____the accident which happened on the other day.
(2)You should take the blame_____what you have done.
(3)Don't always blame your own failure _____others.
(4)To be honest, lt was Su's fault, but Li was also_________(blame).
for
for
on
to blame
4.as a result of 因为；由于；作为······的结果
（教材原句）As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. 根据这些证据，约翰·斯 诺能够宣布水泵里的水携带了霍乱病菌。
【知识归纳】
as a result 结果
without result 没有结果，白费
result in 导致，造成
result from 由..........造成，因........而产生
【即学即练】
(1)As _____result,they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.
(2)It's generally believed that his cancer resulted________ the overfull tiredness.
(3)You might learn that haste makes waste if you do something so fast, resulting ________ mistakes.
a
from
in
5. link vi.联系；纽带；链接 vt.把······连接／联系起来；相关联
(教材原句)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
【知识归纳】
a link between A and B A和B之间有联系
link...to／with／and... 把······和······连接／联系起来
(1)There's _____direct link between unhealthy diet and heart disease.
(2)The police suspect that the two cases may ___________ (link).
(3)It is reported that exposure to the sun for a long time is linked______ skin cancer.
(4) They walked with their arms______ (link).
【即学即练】
a
be linked
to
linked
You can click here to add what you want to add. It is easy to change.
You can click here to add what you want to add. It is easy to change.
词 汇 清 单
认知词汇:
cholera,diarrhoea,dehydration,infection,
germ,raw,epidemiology,protein,mechanical
拓展词汇：
1.subscribe→ subscriber→ subscription
2.suspect→suspicious
3.transform→transformer→transformation
4.assistant→assist
5.defend→defense
6.vivid→vividly
重点句式
1.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(that表语从句，have it delivered让别人做某事)
2. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.(who 引导定语从句）
used to do
die from
in time
attend to
once and for all
in general
thanks to
break out
take on
be familiar with
come down
above all
in charge of
核心短语
单句语法填空
1. I subscribed________a number of journals concerned with my subject this time.
2. We are living in a time of social_____________(transform).
3. His father died________a car accident last year.
to
transformation
from
*
a
to
are suspected
to
down
*
infection
Statistics
1．As far as I know, he is likely to drop out of school to_________ his sick mother.
2．I have never__________ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
3 We arrived home at 12:00,just ___________ for lunch.
4. Let's settle this matter_________.
5. _______________his strong constitution（体格 ), Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.
once and for all; subscribe to; thanks to; attend to; in time;
in general; rather than; care about; get down to
attend to
subscribed to
in time
once and for all
Thanks to
6. If you fail at the first attempt,there is no need to ___________that.
7. After the Spring Festival,I'm going to__________ some serious job
-hunting.
8. Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to stay in the library ___________go to see a movie.
9. ___________, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
care about
get down to
rather than
In general
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。(共30张PPT)
In this class, you will
get information about Judy’s experience in the scientific museum;
talk about different scientific experiences.
What can you see in the picture
What is he/she doing
Why is he/she doing that
Leading-in
Activity 1: Look at the photos and talk about what these activities have to do with science.
A
B
a piano keyboard
play with feet
a giant dish
whisper
Activity 1: Look at the photos and talk about what these activities have to do with science.
C
D
a hall of mirrors
reflect
a blue screen
bright lights
Activity 1: Look at the photos and talk about what these activities have to do with science.
E
a white light
cast shadows
in the colour of the rainbow
n. 彩虹
n. 阴影
v. 投射
Activity 2: Using the photos, try to predict the answers to the following questions.
1. Where are the people in the conversation going to go
2. What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
3. What kinds of things can you do there
1. Where are the people in the conversation going to go
A science museum/centre.
2. What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
A place for delight, education and inspiration.
Scientific phenomena/discoveries on sound and light.
3. What kinds of things can you do there
Interactive activities to experience/experiment/explore.
Activity 2: Using the photos, try to predict the answers to the following questions.
Activity 2: Using the photos, try to predict the answers to the following questions.
Predict by using pictures
One way to get more out of your listening is to predict what you will hear. Using the pictures provided and the knowledge you already have, you can guess the kinds of information you should listen for. At times, you may even be able to guess exactly what will be talked about. This will help you focus better when listening, making your listening more effective.
Listen to the conversation to check your prediction in
Activity 2.
Take down key words.
1. Where are the people in the conversation going to go
2. What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
3. What kinds of things can you do there
Activity 3:
Listening and speaking
(1) Listen to the conversation to check your prediction in Activity 2.
1. Where are the people in the conversation going to go
They are going to a science museum.
2. What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
It is a science museum that focuses on letting visitors experience science through interactive learning exhibitions.
(1) Listen to the conversation to check your prediction in Activity 2.
3. What kinds of things can you do there
You can probably try different activities to learn about sound, light, reflection, and so on.
For example, you can go to a room with many mirrors facing each other so it looks like there are many copies of you! Or you can play with a big piano on the floor.
(2) Write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them.
1 ________ 2 ________ 3 ________
4 ________ 5 ________
A
B
C
D
E
a hall of mirrors
see myself reflected thousands of times
D
C
a blue screen
tiny bright lights
blood cells
(2) Write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them.
1
2
E
a white light
cast different shadows
in every colour of the rainbow
B
a giant piano keyboard
use your feet to play
play voices of classical singers
(2) Write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them.
3
4
A
a giant dish
reflect the sound back
speak in a whisper
17 metres away
(2) Write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them.
5
(2) Write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them.
1 ________ 2 ________ 3 ________
4 ________ 5 ________
A
B
C
D
E
A
D
C
E
B
Activity 4: Listen again and complete the descriptions of the photos about scientific experiences in the conversation.
Photo A : A giant dish; when you speak into it, it ________ the sound back and ________________. You can use it to speak in a ________ to someone 17 metres away.
Photo B : A giant ______________ that you can use your feet to play. Instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it plays the voices of ________________.
reflects
makes it louder
whisper
piano keyboard
classical singers
Activity 4: Listen again and complete the descriptions of the photos about scientific experiences in the conversation.
Photo C : You look at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly you can see ________________ moving around on it. These are our _________________.
Photo D : A ______________ where you can see yourself reflected thousands of times.
tiny bright lights
own blood cells
hall of mirrors
Activity 4: Listen again and complete the descriptions of the photos about scientific experiences in the conversation.
Photo E : You stand in front of ____________, and it casts different shadows of you, in ________________ the rainbow.
a white light
every colour of
Listening text:
Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now Better
Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it
Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games. It was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!
Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have
Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!
Bill: Come on, tell me!
Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me, in every colour of the rainbow!
Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!
Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 metres away.
Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you.
Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!
Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
Activity 5: Talk about something more on the scientific museum.
The conversation is about the City of Science and Industry, a museum in Paris. Would you like to go to this museum Why or why not
Are there any museums like this in China What other interesting museums are there
The conversation is about the City of Science and Industry, a museum in Paris. Would you like to go to this museum Why or why not
Yes.The exhibitions seem really interesting. I think I would learn a lot there.
Are there any museums like this in China What other interesting museums are there
Yes, there is, for example, the China Science and Technology Museum in Beijing and the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
Activity 6: (1) Brainstorm a scientific research or experiment (Page 7, Activity 6 & 7).
Example
What scientific phenomenon is the example about
Do you know the phenomenon Where did you know it
What other scientific research/experiments have you ever done or read about
(1) Brainstorm a scientific research or experiment (Page 7, Activity 6 & 7).
1. What scientific phenomenon is the example about
A non-Newtonian fluid.
2. Do you know the phenomenon Where did you know it
Yes. In TV programs or books.
3. What other scientific research/experiments have you ever done or read about
For example: the positive and negative charges of molecules.
n. 分子/微粒
(2) Read the expressions to talk about scientific phenomena (Page 7), using the following expressions
Sample Presentation
Today,I want to talk to you about the positive and negative charges of molecules. We can demonstrate how these interact through a simple experiment using milk, dish soap, and food colouring.First, cover the bottom of a shallow plate with milk. Now add two or three drops of different liquid food colouring to the centre of the milk. They should form one large dark puddle in the middle of the milk. Now,dip a cotton swab into dish soap,and place it into the middle of the food colouring.You will see the colours quickly move to escape from the soap,making interesting and beautiful patterns.This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food colouring with them, making it look like the colours are quickly moving to escape from the soap.
Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。(共35张PPT)
Period 3 Using language (2)
To learn to write a passage to describe a great scientist.
To learn some important words and sentence patterns.
What makes a great scientist
Scientists’ Qualities
creativity
curiosity
perseverance
devotion
……
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
Ⅰ. T or F questions
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2. Qian’s strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist’s development.
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang.
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even though he was ill.
1. Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”
2. How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets was based on his research.
Astronomers used their telescopes to prove his work on the big bang theory.
Ⅱ.Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
Ⅲ.Study the language and structure.
1. Underline the linking words and phrases in the passages, and describe their function.
However, after, At that time, Nevertheless, Because , In general, Besides, Furthermore, Above all
These serve to link elements in the passages and bring greater cohesion and logical flow to it.
2. What is the function of each paragraph in the passages
Qian Xuesen:
Para 1:Introduction
Paras 2-5:His personal history and accomplishments
Para 6:His personality
Para 7:His death and people's appreciation of him
Stephen Hawking:
Para 1:Introduction
Para 2: His claim to fame
Para 3:Characteristics that made him great
3. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists. How do the stories about the scientists help illustrate these personalities
Qian Xuesen:
a man with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit" who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion; a pioneer; did not let that discourage him; determined; an outstanding and creative scientist; deep appreciation for art
Stephen Hawking:
brilliant; brave; sometimes careless in what he said or did; willing to say what others were afraid to dream about; quite determined; willing to admit his faults
3. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists. How do the stories about the scientists help illustrate these personalities
In the case of Qian Xuesen, we see his determination illustrated by his struggles and how he overcame challenges. His story also shows he was patriotic and devoted to his career. In the case of Stephen Hawking, we also see his determination in the face of difficulty through the stories told about him. We also see his audacity.
1．break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始； 爆发
（教材原文）However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country．然而，1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
【知识归纳】
break away from 脱离，打破
break through 取得突破
break off 中断，打断
break into 强行闯入……突然.起来
⑴单句语法填空
①Can't you break away _______old habits
②She broke_______ the conversation and answered the phone.
③The scientists hope to break__________ soon in the research for a cure for AIDS.
⑵用break的相关短语完成下面的语段
When the fire__________ ,I___________ the house to find my daughter; finally we successfully ________________the burning building.
【即学即练】
from
off
through
break out
broke into
broke away from
2.assistant n.助理；助手
（教材原文）As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s,he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,now one of NASA's leading space- exploration centres．20世纪30年代，作为加州理 工学院的研究生助理，钱学森帮助进行了火箭推进方面的重要研究。20世纪40年代,他和其他几 个人建立了喷气推进实验室，现在是美国国家航 空航天局领先的太空探索中心之一。
【知识归纳】
assist vt.帮助，援助
assist sb. in/with 帮助某人某事
assist sb to do 帮助某人做某事
assistance n. 帮助，协助
with the assistance of 在....帮助下
单句语法填空
①Mary was chosen as an_________ (assist) to help Mr Brown finish his research.
②We asked him to assist us _____design a new bridge.
③Here are some good sources of information to assist you __________(make) the best selection.
④She ran a shop _______the assistance of her sister.
【即学即练】
assistant
to
to make
with
3. in charge of 主管；掌管
（教材原文）He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄 般的欢迎,他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,还负责中国的航天和导弹计划。
【知识归纳】
charge vt.收费；控诉；充电 n.费用；主管
charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with doing sth 控告某人做某事
take charge of 负责，掌管 in the charge of 受......的管理
free of charge 免费
单句语法填空
①He charged the minister ______lying about the economy.
②He earned $9.05 an hour in charge ____getting carts out of the parking lot.
③The guide tells us that the Wellness Centre offers services free_______ charge.
④This kindergarten is in ______charge of a young girl.
【即学即练】
with
of
of
the
4.take on 呈现，具有；雇用；承担（工作、责任）
（教材原文）Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.
尽管如此，钱学森并没有因此而放弃挑战
【知识归纳】
take back 收回；拿回
take down 写下；记下
take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take over 接收；接管；取代
take up 占用；占据；开始从事
【即学即练】
用take的相关短语完成下面的语段
At the age of 18,he ___________his father's company. As a chief manager,he ____________a number of talents, which made his company ___________ a new look. At last,his career ____________.
18岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现了新的面貌。 最终，他的事业获得成功。
took over
took in
take on
took off
5. defend vt． 保卫；防守；辩解
（教材原文）However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而，1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
【知识归纳】
defend．．．from／against．．．保护······免遭······
defend oneself为自己辩护；自卫
defence n．防御；保卫; in defence of为了保卫······
defender n．捍卫者，保护者；防守队员，后卫
单句语法填空
①Parents,of course,will do everything they could to defend their children________ harm.
②He tried his best to defend __________(he) in court but ended in failure.
③In the time of war,lots of money will be spent on_________and many measures will be taken_________ a country from being attacked.(defend)
from
himself
defence
to defend
【即学即练】
假定你是中学生李华，现在请你以农业科学家袁隆平及这位科学家对人类所做的贡献为例，谈谈你对科学家以及科学精神的认识。 注意：词数80左右。
体裁 说明文
人称 第三人称为主
时态 一般现在时为主
要点 1．介绍袁隆平对人类做出的突出贡献；
2．介绍袁隆平所具备的科学精神；
3．对袁隆平所具备的科学精神的认识
1. Learn about the structure
useful expressions
1.多亏，幸亏________________
2.作为一名农业科学家_________________________
3.实现某人的目标____________________
4. 致力于____________
5.为了___________
6.一个接一个___________
7.关心，照料_________
8.为......做出巨大的贡献 ________________________
thanks to
as an agricultural scientist
achieve one's goal
devote oneself to
so as to
one after another
care for
make great contributions to
Key sentences
① In 1973, Yuan Longping became the first agricultural pioneer in the world________________that has a high output.
1973年，袁隆平成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的 农业先驱。
② Thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests___________________.
多亏了他的研究，农民现在的收成是以前的两倍。
③As an agricultural scientist, Yuan Longping also has the spirits_________________________________.
作为一名农业科学家，袁隆平也具有大多数科学家应
有的精神。
to grow rice
twice as much as before
that most scientists should have
④ ______________________________,he still devotes himself to research on rice so as to feed more people in the world.
虽然他已经实现了自己的目标，但他仍然致力于水稻的研究，以养活世界上更多的人。
⑤ Yuan Longping has made_____great contributions to mankind _____he is respected and admired by people all over the world. 袁隆平为人类做出了如此巨大的贡献，以至于他受到 全世界人民的尊敬和钦佩。
Though he has achieved his goal
such
that
In 1973,Yuan Longping became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. Thanks to his research,farmers are producing harvests twice as much as before.
As an agricultural scientist,Yuan Longping also has the spirits that most scientists should have. Though he has achieved his goal,he still devotes himself to research on rice so as to feed more people in the world. He has dreams one after another and always loves and cares for people. Yuan Longping has made such great contributions to mankind that he is respected and admired by people all over the world.
All in all, we must learn these spirits from this great scientist in order to serve our country better when we grow up.
连句成篇
词汇清单
核心短语
应用词汇：1. assist : assist sb. in/with;assist sb to do;with the assistance of :
2.charge:charge sb for sth;charge sb with doing sth;take charge of; sth in the charge of sb;free of charge
3.defend:defend．．．from／against;defend oneself; in defence of
break out; in charge of; come down; above all ; have a greater impact on；overcome difficulties; discourage sb from doing; trace back to; point out;
认知词汇：aerospace, patriotic,aviation, jet ,missile, concept, astronomy, telescope,trace, abstract, besides, furthermore,brilliant,fault, concept,,outstanding, fault
拓展词汇：mechanical→ mechanic defend→ defense, assistant→assist→assistance, leadership→leader, steady→steadily, vivid→vividly,gifted→gift, astronomer→astronomy
When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”,his reply was a determined “Why not...”(When asked...是省略句,省略了从句的主语和be动词,句子补全为:When he was asked...。
)
重点句式
Ⅰ单词拼写
1.Now,years later,this river is one of the most____________(杰出的)examples of environmental clean-up.
2.She ______(倒)them drinks and put a record on loudly.
3 ___________(此外), punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
4.The____________ (机械的)engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities.
5.This _________(观念)gives a whole new meaning to the idea of how to live a simple but full life.
outstanding
poured
Furthermore
mechanical
concept
6.Paper art can be________(追溯)back to Japan，where it originated over a thousand years ago.
7. Have you got any__________ (具体 的)thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty
8. As a result,I have made_________ (稳定的)progress in my studies.
9.Early__________ (天文学家） thought that our planet was the centre of the universe.
10. Some modern art is ____________(抽象的)while some is realistic.
traced
concrete
steady
astronomers
abstract
1.Mr Smith happened to be in England when the war .
2.Most people this figure from Wagner’s opera.
3.The old man pneumonia last week.
4.It is hoped that the readers will kindly our errors.
5.As a schoolgirl,she becoming an actress.
dream of, come down with, be familiar with, break out, point out
Ⅱ.短语填空
broke out
are familiar with
came down with
point out
Dreamed of
1.When _________(invite) to dinner,I am often unsure whether to bring a present.
2.When ________(ask) about her future after the race,guess how Cathy replied
3.Although _______(do) his best in maths these days,he has still got no good marks.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
invited
asked
doing
From small beginnings comes great things.
伟大始于渺小。
