Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Learning About Language
复习名词性从句
观察上面对话, 并类比填空。
1. The problem is that we are still short of money.
2. Who do you guess will teach us Chinese next term
3. Whether they would support us or not is a problem.
4. Whoever wins the game will be chosen to the school team.
5. Tom is no longer what he used to be.
一、主语从句(subject clause)
1. 在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句, 一般置于句首。
主语从句引导词有:
(1)连词that和whether, 在主语从句中只起连接作用, 不充当任何成分。
(2)连接代词who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
(3)连接副词when, where, how, why, 在主语从句中作状语。
*That he worked out the complex problem astonished other students.
他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。
*When the exam of qualification will be held hasn’t been decided.
资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。
*Whether he will participate in this campus art festival isn’t clear.
他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。
*What worried the old couple was that their children got involved in the crime.
令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。
*Whatever happens you may be quite sure that I will not blame you.
不管发生什么事, 你可以确信我不会责备你。
2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语置于句末。it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . .
(2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb. should do表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。
(3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . .
(4)It seems(happened/appears/doesn’t matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . .
*It is well known to all of us that the trees can’t grow without sunlight and water.
众所周知, 树木生长离不开阳光和水。
*It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year .
据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。
*It has yet been decided when the tutor will come to give us a speech.
这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。
that引导主语从句的省略原则
连词that 的省略原则: 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首, 则that不能省略; 若使用了形式主语it, 则that有时可以省略。例如:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
(1)语法填空
①That she has became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
②Whether he can get a nursing qualification remains to be seen.
③What will happen in the world is difficult to predict.
④Who will take the place of our original headmaster hasn’t been decided yet.
(2)Where we will have the picnic next week is being discussed.
我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。
(3)Why he gave up the chance of studying abroad is unknown.
他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。
(4)How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的, 谁也不清楚。
二、宾语从句(object clause)
1. 定义: 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语, 也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。
*It is foolish to believe that one’s race and civilization are superior to others. 认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。
*(2020·天津高考)But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.
但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们, 我们就会想, 如果我们错过了这个机会, 那将是多么可怕的事情。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。
*I don’t know whether he can win back the belief of the teacher.
我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。
2. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
(2021· 浙江高考)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重, 而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。
宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略:
①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省;
②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略
*I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. (第二个that不能省)
我相信你会遵守诺言, 准时出现在晚会上。
3. whether/if引导的宾语从句。
whether/if在从句中不充当成分, 但是有“是否”之意, 从句要用陈述语序。
只用whether不用if引导宾语从句
在宾语从句中, 引导词whether和if基本一样, 但下面两种情况只能使用whether:
①引导介词后的宾语从句时;
②和or not一起连用时。
(1)I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
(2)The old woman asked me if /whether I knew the way to the hospital.
(3)John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
(4)(2019·北京高考)You will question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
4. 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。
连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。
*Is there anything wrong in what I said
我所说的有错误之处吗
*We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我们许诺, 任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
*It was a long road to get where Yan Ning is now.
颜宁花了很长时间, 才有了今天的成就。
(1)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
(2)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.
(3)The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution.
5. 在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”, 表示虚拟。
*The doctor suggested that I stay in bed for three days.
医生建议我卧床三天。
*He insisted that we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.
他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。
【巧学助记】
后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀:
“一二三四”
一个坚持(insist);
两个命令(order, command);
三条建议(advise, suggest, recommend);
四项要求(demand, desire, require, request)
(1)He insisted that I should read his letter.
他坚持要我看他的信。
(2)I advise that you (should) consult your coach about your strengths and weaknesses.
我建议你应该向你的教练咨询一下你的优缺点。
(3)(2019·北京高考)He recommended that she do some research.
他建议她做一些研究。
三、表语从句(predicative clause )
1. 表语从句放在连系动词之后, 充当复合句中的表语。
表语从句的引导词有:
(1)从属连词: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because 不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用
(2)连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
(3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever在表语从句中充当状语
*The trouble is that Henry has no qualifications to teach college students.
麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。
*The point at issue is whether we go to the party.
争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。
*The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。
2. 系动词be, appear, seem, look, remain等之后可以跟表语从句。
*It seemed as if he had known the fact already.
他好像早已知道这件事了。
*It appears that some missiles have been moved.
一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。
*It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。
表语从句四点易错提醒
(1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
(2)不可以用if, 而用whether 引导表语从句。
(3)that在表语从句中不可以省略。
(4)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导, 不可用because。
(1)语法填空
①The most complex problem is that he can’t find enough experienced players to engage in the game.
②The reason why I’m calling you is that I want to invite you to my birthday party.
③All she’s worried about is whether his son has the qualification to participate in activity.
④This is what we have been looking forward to for years.
⑤ He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.
(2)The problem is who will be in charge of this shop.
问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
(3)That is when I realized the importance of journalism.
那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面, 用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word(消息)等。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的说明, 属于名词性从句的范畴。
*The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
*The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, 关系代词that指代news, 在从句中作told的宾语)
*(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
科学家已经获得更多证据, 塑料正在进入人们的体内。
(1)语法填空
①(2019·天津高考)The opinion that learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.
②The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.
(2)He often asked me the question why the work was worth doing.
他经常问我为什么这项工作值得做。
用主语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子, 并组句成篇
1. 我正在大学里学英国文学。(主语从句)
2. 我最大的问题是我不能理解许多英文小说的文化背景。(表语从句)
3. 我是否应该出国留学已经成为我所关心的事情。(主语从句; 表语从句)
4. 很明显, 第一个实际问题是我能否提供学费。(表语从句)
5. 我找老师帮忙, 他的建议是我贷款去国外学习。(表语从句)
What I am learning at university is English literature. My biggest problem is that I can’t understand the cultural background of many English novels. So whether I should go abroad to study has become what I’m concerned about. It is clear that the first practical question is whether I can offer the tuition fees. I turned to my teacher and his suggestion is that I get a loan to study abroad.
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8Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Reading and Thinking
【词汇知识·自主学习】
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. the complex structure of the human brain
错综复杂的人脑构造
2. recall the past 回想过去
3. a teaching qualification 教学资格
4. achieve one’s ambition 实现某人的目标
5. her adaptation to the new culture 她对新文化的适应
6. feel comforted 感到安慰
7. a strict tutor 一位严格的导师
8. cite their ideas 引用别人的观点
9. students’ participation in class 学生的课堂参与
10. give presentations 进行陈述
11. a cultural messenger 文化使者
12. in later editions 在以后的版本中
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1. She didn’t even say goodbye to her mother.
2. John set up a business of his own at the age of 24.
3. She found it hard to adapt to life in a big city.
4. I didn’t think I could ever get used to living in a big city after living in the country.
5. Many people are familiar with the concept of maths.
6. The girls in his class are willing to participate in the dancing party.
7. If you have any different ideas, please speak up now.
8. The assistant did what he could to make Tom feel at home.
9. You can make new friends if you get involved in group activities.
10. Engaging in British culture has helped Xie Lei adapt herself to her new life abroad.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
2. “I didn’t know what to expect, ” Xie Lei recalled.
“我不知道我所期望的是什么, ”谢蕾回想。
3. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation.
我的愿望是毕业后在中国创业。
4. As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities.
除了努力学习, 我还参加了一些社交活动。
5. While I’m learning about business, I am also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us. 在攻读商科的同时, 我也在扮演文化使者的角色, 在我们之间架起了一座桥梁。
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. -ation 常用于动词之后构成名词
qualify v. →qualification n. 资格; 学历
adapt v. →adaptation n. 适应; 改编本
participate v. →participation n. 参加; 参与
expect v. →expectation n. 期望; 预期
explain v. → explanation n. 解释
examine v. →examination n. 考试
2. 动词之后加ure可转化为名词
expose v. →exposure n. 接触; 体验; 暴露
fail v. →failure n. 失败
please v. →pleasure n. 快乐
press v. →pressure n. 压力
【阅读精析·合作学习】
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
【寻技巧·提能力】
长难句是指句子过长或者复杂, 通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分, 如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等。
如何处理长难句
1. 找谓语, 找定语
一般情况下, 一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语), 我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且, 如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词, 则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
2. 提主干, 去枝叶
一般情况下, 一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息, 从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来, 就不能完全把握句子的核心意义, 从而导致思维混乱, 主次不分。
3. 寻关联, 辩逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词, 就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系, 分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义, 则长句就容易对付得多了。
4. 看搭配, 防分隔
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成, 而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目, 则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Why did Xie Lei choose the exchange programme
A. To learn global business and improve English.
B. To travel and experience a different culture.
C. To study for a business qualification.
D. To set up a business of her own.
(2)What did Xie Lei do when she didn’t understand what a native said
A. Turn to another one. B. Ask him to repeat.
C. Repeat her question. D. Speak more slowly.
(3)Why did Xie Lei choose to live with a host family
A. Because they can help her adapt to the new culture.
B. Because they can offer her a comfortable room.
C. Because she can teach them about Chinese culture.
D. Because it is convenient for her to go to the university.
(4)What does her tutor want to know about Xie Lei
A. Her real level. B. Her study result.
C. Her own ideas. D. Her attitude to learning.
(5)What do we know about Xie Lei’s study in London
A. She hates writing essays. B. She learns slowly.
C. She lacks confidence. D. She adapts quickly.
(6)What does Xie Lei think her identity is
A. An honored visitor.
B. A cultural messenger.
C. A bridge builder.
D. A fluent translator.
答案: (1)～(6)ABACDB
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph 1 It was the first time that Xie Lei had left China. She was excited but also (1)nervous.
Paragraph 2 She chose the exchange programme because she wanted to learn about global (2)business and improve her English.
Paragraph 3 Xie Lei had to adapt to (3)life in a different country.
Paragraph 4 Xie Lei chose to live with a (4)host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.
Paragraph 5 Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic (5)requirements.
Paragraph 6 Xie Lei also found many (6)courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result.
Paragraph 7 Now, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. She acted as a cultural (7)messenger building a bridge between us.
课文语法填空
Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and (1)boarded(board) a plane for London. She is studying in a university in England on an exchange programme. But (2)studying(study) here is quite different from studying in China. “You have to get (3)used(use) to a whole new way of life. When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didn’t always understand. They (4)usually(usual) speak too fast. ”Xie Lei said.
Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice. Living with a host family gives her the chance (5)to learn(learn) more about the new culture.
The academic (6)requirements(requirement) of a western university are different. The tutor wanted to know (7)what she thought, not others’ ideas. He advised that she should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions (8)and analyze what she read.
She feels much more (9)at home in England now, and what seemed very strange before now (10)appears(appear) quite normal. She also spends much time for social activities and joins a few clubs. She is fitting very well in England.
2. Long sentence analysis.
(1)The first time that she had to write an essay(时间状语从句), her tutor(主语)explained(谓语)that she must acknowledge (第一个宾语从句)what other people had said(从句中的宾语从句) if she cited their ideas (条件状语从句), but (并列连词) that he mainly wanted to know(第二个宾语从句)what she thought(从句中的宾语从句)!
译文: 她第一次写论文时, 导师跟她解释说, 如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明, 不过导师主要是想了解她本人的观点。
(2)At first(状语), Xie Lei(主语) had(谓语) no idea(宾语) what she should say(同位语从句), but(并列连词) what surprised her (主语从句)was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks(表语从句).
译文: 刚开始, 谢蕾不知道该说什么。让她惊喜的是, 仅仅几周的时间, 她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. What challenges do you think a student studying abroad may have (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
Language, different ways of life, weather, food, communication, loneliness.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
Disadvantages:
①We have to learn to adapt to the new surroundings.
②At first it is difficult to communicate with others.
③We maybe feel lonely and miss our parents and friends in China.
Advantages:
①It will help us to be independent.
②It’s easier to learn a foreign language.
③We’ll learn a lot about the local culture.
④It’s easier to learn different studying methods.
【要点精研·探究学习】
1. qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格; 学历
*Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme.
谢蕾在中国的一所大学攻读商科, 来我校进行为期一年的交流项目。
*In order to be a qualified volunteer, I have to improve myself by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it.
为了成为一名合格的志愿者, 我必须通过阅读有关天津的书籍来提高自己, 以便更多地了解天津。
* I think I’m qualified for the position I am applying for.
我觉得我能胜任我申请的工作。
【词块积累】
(1)qualification for. . . ……的资格
(2)qualify vt. & vi. (使)具有资格; (使)合格
qualify for sth. 具备……的资格
(3)qualified adj. 合格的; 有资格的
be qualified for. . . 有……的资格; 可胜任
be qualified as. . . 有当……的资格
be qualified to do. . . 能胜任, 有资格做……
(1)语法填空
①He had thought that he was qualified(qualify)as a judge.
②Only two percent of them are qualified for skilled work.
③Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification(qualify) for this job.
(2)She loves teaching and she is well qualified for a good teacher.
她热爱教书, 完全有资格成为一名出色的教师。
(3)He is qualified to teach English.
他有资格教英语。
2. adaptation n. 适应; 改编本; 改编
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
周四在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中, 一个研究小组报告了一种新的适应方式——不是对空气或食物, 而是对海洋。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.
埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。
*The gifted scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.
这位有天赋的编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。
【词块积累】
(1)adapt to 适应/适合……
adapt oneself to 使自己适应……
adapt. . . to do. . . 调整……以做……
(2)adapt. . . from. . . 根据……改编……
adapt. . . for 把……改写/改编成……
【易混辨析】
adapt与adopt在拼写上只有一个字母之差, 但在意义上却大相径庭。adopt意为“采取, 收养”, 如adopt an idea采纳观点, adopt a child收养孩子。
(1)语法填空
①We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
②Most of these tools have been specially adapted(adapt)for use by disabled people.
③The film has been adapted(adapt) from a play of the same title.
④The television adaptation(adapt) of the stage play was very successful.
(2)It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.
他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。
3. comfort n. 舒服; 安慰; 令人感到安慰的人或事物; 安逸
vt. 安慰; 抚慰
*When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family.
想家的时候, 我为自己又拥有一个家庭而感到欣慰。
*Above all, they had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.
重要的是他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。
*Thanks to my parents’ efforts, we live a comfortable and steady life.
多亏了父母的努力, 我们过着舒适而又稳定的生活。
【词块积累】
(1)be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort 舒适地
comfort sb. with sth. 用某物安慰某人
(2)comfortable adj. 舒适的; 舒服的
(3)comfortably adv. 舒适地
(4)uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的
语法填空
(1)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable (comfort).
(2)The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.
(3)She took her daughter in her arms and tried to comfort (comfort) her.
(4)He settled himself comfortably(comfortable) in his usual chair.
(5) Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable (comfortable).
4. participation n. 参加; 参与
*Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result.
谢蕾还发现, 很多课程的最终成绩都包括学生的课堂参与。
*(2020·天津高考)All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved.
所有参与的人都从参与中获得了好的结果。
*You should be willing to participate with your friend in his sufferings. 你应当愿意分担朋友的苦恼。
*He has been an active participant in the discussion.
他一直积极参与这次讨论。
【词块积累】
(1)participate vi. 参加; 参与
participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事; 同某人一起参与某事
participate in (doing) sth. 参加/参与(做)某事
(2)participant n. 参加者; 共享者
participate 表示“参加, 参与”时, 是不及物动词, 后面一般跟in, 构成短语participate in。表示“参加”的短语还有: join in, take part in, get involved in。
【巧学助记】
Encouraged by the teacher, the participants actively participated in the English speech contest. Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard.
在老师的鼓励下, 参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。他们的参与鼓励了班上其他人努力学习。
(1)语法填空
①All the participants(participate)were required to sign in as they entered the hall to attend the meeting.
②We are surprised to know the ambitious student should refuse to participate in the contest.
③Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation(participate).
(2)They enjoy participating in a wide variety of activities, both locally and further afield.
他们乐于参与本地及外地的各种活动。
5. engage vi. 参加; 参与(活动)vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣); 雇用; 订婚
*I’ll engage in John’s behavior if you decide to employ him.
如果你决定聘用约翰, 我愿为他的行为担保。
*Although he was busy, he continued to engage in many activities.
虽然他很忙, 但他继续参与很多活动。
*It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
*He is currently engaged as a consultant.
他现在受雇为顾问。
【词块积累】
(1)engage sb. (as. . . ) 雇用某人(当……)
engage one’s attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
engage in/on 从事……; 订婚
be engaged in sth. / doing sth. 忙于……, 从事……
(2)engaged adj. 忙碌的, 订了婚的
(3)engagement n. 婚约; 约会
(1)写出黑体单词的词义
①They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others. 吸引
②We engaged the services of an outstanding engineer. 雇用
③I have never engaged in the drug trade. 参与
④They’re engaged, but they haven’t yet named the day. 订婚
(2)语法填空
①He is engaged in training(train) to achieve his ambition.
②Their engagement(engage)was announced in the local paper.
③ The experienced old man was engaged as a guide.
6. involve vt. 包含; 需要; 涉及; 影响; (使)参加
*They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves.
他们经常让消费者亲自参与这种手工活动。
*The job involves me travelling all over the country.
这份工作需要我在全国各地跑。
*How many vehicles were involved in the crash
这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车
【词块积累】
(1)involve sb. in (doing) sth.
使某人参与(做)某事; 将某人牵涉到(做)某事中
involve doing sth. 包括做某事
(2)get/be involved with 参加; 参与; 和……关系密切
(1)语法填空
①The test will involve answering(answer)questions about a photograph.
②She really didn’t want to be involved(involve)in the whole family thing.
(2)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)200 students from all grades were involved in this running race.
来自各个年级的200个学生参加了跑步比赛。
7. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
她第一次写论文时, 导师跟她解释说, 如果引用别人的观点就一定要说明, 不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的!
【句式解构】
句中the first time引导时间状语从句, 意为“第一次……”类似句式还有the last/next time that. . . 意为“上次/下次……”除此之外, any time/every time/each time/the moment/the instant/the minute等都可以充当连词, 引导时间状语从句。
*I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.
我第一次见到她时就觉得她很好, 很诚实。
*The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.
我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。
for the first time意为“首次, 第一次”, 是介词短语, 在句中作状语。
*For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次, 她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
(1)I felt bad the first time I talked to a tour group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时, 我的心情很不好。
(2)Every/Each time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.
每次我在公园里看到这位老人时, 他都在专注地读报。
(3)I’ll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
【要点拾遗】
1. ambition n. 追求的目标; 夙愿; 野心; 抱负
*She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
她一直未能实现成为一名著名作家的抱负。
* She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明, 但却缺乏远大志向。
完成句子
(1)His ambition is to sail round the world.
他的梦想是环球航行。
(2)We are looking for an ambitious young assistant.
我们正在找一名有雄心壮志的青年助手。
2. speak up大声点说; 明确表态
*I’m quite deaf—you’ll have to speak up.
我耳背——你得大声说。
*Uncle Herbert never argued, never spoke up for himself.
赫伯特叔叔从不与人争吵, 也从不为自己辩护。
【词块积累】
speak up for 为……说话; 支持
speak highly of 高度赞扬
语法填空
(1) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.
要敢于表达自己的观点。
(2) Don’t wait for the person next to you to be the first to speak up for what’s right.
不要等待你身旁的人第一个为正义发言。
(3) Whenever I make progress, my parents always speak highly of me.
无论什么时候我取得进步, 我父母总是给我很高的评价。
3. It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
【句式解构】
句式“It/This/That+was+the first/the second/. . . time (that)+过去完成时”表示“第一/第二/……次……”。
*It was the second time that she had subscribed to China Daily.
这是她第二次订阅《中国日报》。
(1)“It/This/That+is+the first/the second/. . . time (that)+现在完成时”表示“第一/第二/……次……”。
*It is the first time that I have participated in this kind of activity.
这是我第一次参加这类活动。
(2)It is/was (about/high) time (that) . . . should do sth. /did sth. 意为“到了做某事的时间了”。相当于It is/was time for sb. to do sth. 。
*It is time that we should handle/handled the difficult problem.
到了我们该处理这个难题的时间了。
语法填空
(1)For most students, we guess, it is the first time that they have been(be) away from home.
(2) She didn’t feel a bit nervous though it was the first time that she had spoken(speak) in public.
(3) It is high time that we developed/(should) develop(develop) our industry and agriculture.
【拓视野·观天下】
1. The Chang’e-5 completed the last part of the 11-stage moon mission, which was one of the most complex and challenging explorations in China’s aerospace history.
嫦娥五号完成了11级登月任务的最后一部分, 这是中国航天史上最复杂、最具挑战性的探索之一。
2. The major South Asian country has been setting ambitious goals, while narrowing down its development paths.
南亚的主要国家一直在制定雄心勃勃的目标, 同时缩短发展的进程。
3. Huawei on Wednesday gained conditional approval in Germany to participate in the country’s 5G construction.
周三, 德国批准在法国的5G网络中有条件地使用华为产品及技术。
4. In particular, the EU will show its determination to engage in further cooperation with China.
特别的是, 欧盟将表示与中国进一步合作的决心。
PAGE
15Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Using Language
【词汇知识·自主学习】
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. culture shock 文化冲击
2. an overwhelming desire 无法抗拒的欲望
3. become more motivated 变得更积极
4. maintain reasonable expectations 保持合理的期望
5. a successful applicant 一位成功的申请人
6. exposure to another culture 接触另一种文化
7. give exchange students great insights into the world
让留学生了解世界
8. after his departure 在他离开后
9. grasp the tones 理解语调
10. a dramatic increase 急剧增长
11. tuition fees and living expenses 学费和生活费
12. tremendous pressure 巨大的压力
13. how to behave in new surroundings 在新环境里如何表现
14. mature thoughts 成熟的思想
15. become depressed 变得消沉
16. strengthen our country 壮大我们的国家
17. deny the fact 拒绝这个事实
18. be optimistic about life 对生活很乐观
19. gain a global perspective 获得全球视野
20. improve your general competence 提高综合能力
21. cooperate with people from diverse cultural backgrounds 与来自不同文化背景的人合作
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1. A week at a health farm can cost an arm and a leg(花一大笔钱).
2. We are all side with (支持)your opinion that we should hold a spoken competition.
3. As far as I know(据我所知), the presentation he made at the meeting was wonderful and popular with the people present.
4. As far as I am concerned(就我而言), both health and wealth are important to our life.
5. In summary(总之), this was a disappointing performance.
6. Generally speaking(一般来说), a promotion means higher salary and more responsibility.
Ⅰ. 用适当的介词或副词填空
1. To begin with, it is important to have a positive attitude.
2. Many exchange students may suffer from culture shock.
3. He shows great interest in maths and works hard. In addition, he is gifted.
4. The three sons also contribute to the family business.
5. To sum up, there are three main ways of solving the problem.
6. The project would give scientists new insights into what is happening to the earth’s atmosphere.
7. The local government supported the factory. In turn, it improved the economy of this area.
8. All in all, it appeared that a pretty depressing summer awaited Jones.
9. He made one big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.
10. It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for instance Physics.
Ⅱ. 根据课文及汉语意思提示补全句子
1. Studying in China(在中国学习) is much more convenient and can help save money.
2. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave(学习如何行为) in new surroundings.
3. As China has boomed(随着中国的蓬勃发展), the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available.
4. Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations(促进国家间友谊的).
5. Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to (做贡献的机会)the development of our motherland.
【阅读精析·合作学习】
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What does Wang Li think is the first disadvantage of studying abroad
A. High cost. B. Culture shock.
C. Mental stress. D. Unfamiliar language.
(2)How many reasons are listed to cause pressure on students studying abroad
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
(3)What is Wang Li’s attitude towards China’s education
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Critical. D. Negative.
(4)What do Wang Li and Zhang Yi have in common
A. They both support studying abroad.
B. Both are worried about students studying abroad.
C. Both of them have experience of studying abroad.
D. They both hope students contribute to our country.
(5)How do the two present their views
A. By listing reasons.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By citing others’ opinions.
D. By analyzing data.
答案: (1)～(5)ACBDA
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Studying abroad: Is it a good or a bad idea
Disadvantages (1)great ①economic pressure(2)the tremendous pressure that comes with ②studying abroad(3)Studying in China has a great ③future to look forward to
Advantages (1)personal ④growth (2)the increase chance for ⑤cultural exchange(3)provide a great opportunity to contribute to the ⑥development of our motherland(4)help to build ⑦character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity.
课文语法填空
A local newspaper has invited parents (1)to share(share) their opinions about studying abroad. Here are the opinions of two parents.
Wang Li believes that studying abroad has a lot of (2)disadvantages(disadvantage), such as great economic pressure, academic pressure and other pressures from (3)adapting(adapt) to the new environments. On (4)the other hand, studying in China can also contribute well (5)to the country.
While another parent, Zhang Yi, thinks that studying abroad is (6) beneficial(benefit). It can contribute to individual growth, promote (7)cultural (culture) exchange and in turn provide a chance to contribute to the (8)development(develop) of our motherland.
Though the two parents have different opinions, they both hope (9)that young people have a good education and help build the national economy, and further (10)strengthen (strong) our country.
2. Long sentence analysis.
(1)A final point to consider(主语)is that [while studying abroad does have potential benefits](让步状语从句), young people (who study in China)(定语从句) also have a great future to look forward to(表语从句)!
译文: 最后要考虑的一点是, 虽然出国留学确实有潜在的好处, 但在国内学习的年轻人同样未来可期!
(2)They(主语) have(谓语)great facilities and outstanding professors(宾语), helping to educate young people [who will contribute to the economy](定语从句) and further strengthen our country(现在分词作结果状语).
译文: 那里有一流的设施和杰出的教授, 助力培养为经济作贡献、进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。
(3)All in all, studying abroad (主语)helps (谓语)to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all(状语).
译文: 总之, 出国留学有助于塑造性格, 增加人们对文化多样性的理解, 同时也能增强中国的国力, 打造人类命运共同体。
【要点精研·探究学习】
1. applicant n. 申请人
*Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm
谁会成功得到律师事务所的暑期工作
*The application form is important. Sit down and write it out properly.
申请表十分重要, 坐下来好好填写。
*(2021·浙江高考)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
研究表明, 这些动物已经弄明白了如何将它们在训练中学到的关于人脸的知识应用到测试阶段的新面孔上。
* You would pass your exams if you applied yourself to reviewing.
专心复习就会通过考试。
【词块积累】
(1)apply vt. 涂; 敷; 搽; 应用; 运用
vi. 申请; 请求; 使用; 有效
apply sth. to 把……涂到; 把……运用到
apply oneself to 致力于; 集中精力于
apply to 适用于……
apply (to. . . )for. . . (向……)申请……
(2)application n. 申请; 应用
语法填空
(1)Every applicant (apply) must take the oral examination.
(2)Students learned the practical application(apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
(3)What is most important is that we should apply theory to practice.
(4)He is applied himself to comforting(comfort) the crying girl.
2. expose vt. 使接触; 使体验; 显露; 使暴露于(险境)
*Don’t expose your skin to sunlight directly, or you will get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下, 否则你会被晒伤。
*Workers at the nuclear plant were exposed to high doses of radiation.
核电站的工作人员受到大量辐射。
*Travelling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures.
去国外旅行会使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。
*There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
【词块积累】
(1)expose . . . to . . . 使……暴露于……; 使……遭受……
be exposed to 暴露于; 接触
(2)exposure n. 接触; 体验; 暴露; 揭露
expose用法点拨
及物动词expose后若无宾语, 则常常使用它的被动形式; 在expose. . . to. . . 以及be exposed to结构中, to为介词, 其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(1)语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed (expose)to daylight.
②Being exposed(expose) to different cultures can broaden children’s horizons.
③After only a short exposure(expose) to sunlight he began to turn red.
④Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
(2)句式转换
Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
→If exposed to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. (省略句)
→Being exposed to very loud music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf. (动名词作主语)
3. behave vt. 表现vi. & vt. 表现得体; 有礼貌
*The child behaved well to/towards other guests at the party.
那个孩子在聚会上对其他客人非常礼貌。
*If parents do not teach their child how to behave himself, he will do anything at will.
如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩, 他会恣意妄为的。
*(2018·北京高考) Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits.
了解这些原因可以让我们审视自己的行为, 纠正不良习惯。
【词块积累】
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩; 表现得体
(2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的
badly-behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. [U]举止; 行为; 习性
语法填空
(1) They behaved very badly (bad) towards their guests.
(2) I want you to behave yourselves (you)while I’m away.
(3) His behaviour (behave)towards her was becoming more and more aggressive.
4. surroundings n. [pl. ]环境; 周围的事物
*It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.
我花了几周的时间才适应了新环境。
* The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.
四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
*(2019·江苏高考)We are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
我们周围有一个天然的运动场, 非常适合散步、滑雪、攀岩和骑自行车。
【词块积累】
(1)surrounding adj. 周围的; 附近的
(2)surround vt. 环绕; 围绕; (使)包围
surround. . . with. . . 以……环绕/包围……
be surrounded by/with. . . 被……包围/环绕
语法填空
(1)(2020·浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded (surround) by a high wire fence.
(2)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
(3)(2019·江苏高考)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
(4)The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding (surround) countryside.
(5)Schumacher adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings(surround).
5. strengthen vi. &vt. 加强; 增强; 巩固
*The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
协议加强了两国间的联系。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections.
既然你列出了自己的长处, 也要列举自己的不足。
【词块积累】
(1) strengthen one’s body 增强体质
(2) strength n. 力气; 体力
build up one’s strength 增强体力
strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处
语法填空
(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths(strength), your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
(3)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened(strength)Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
6. deny vt. 否认; 否定; 拒绝
*To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these factors.
总之, 我们不能否认出国留学有它的缺点, 所以当你考虑出国留学时, 你应该考虑这诸多的因素。
*He denied the students a chance to engage in the activity. =He denied a chance to engage in the activity to students. 他拒绝给学生参与这个活动的机会。
*There’s no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认, 如果行动快一点, 本来是救得了他们的。
【词块积累】
(1)deny doing sth. 否认做某事
deny sb. sth. =deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给予某人某物
(2)There is no denying that 不可否认的是
(1)语法填空
①He strongly denied getting(get)involved in the case.
②Tom’s father denied an opportunity to speak up their opinions to children.
③There is no denying(deny)that this project will cost an arm and a leg.
(2)There is no denying that our earth is suffering severe damage.
不可否认, 我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
7. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.
在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时, 有些学生可能会感到吃力, 并承受文化冲击的折磨。
【句式解构】
本句是状语从句的省略。完整句式为when they are learning how to behave in new surroundings。
*While enjoying the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy.
吃饭时, 一些有天赋的学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈, 这使老人非常高兴。
状语从句的省略
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句中含有动词be时, 可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)当从句中含有it+be时, 可将it和be省略。
(3)掌握下列短语: if any如果有的话; if so如果是这样的话; if ever如果曾经有的话; if not如果不这样的话
*If admitted, I will do all I can to do the work well.
如果我能被录用, 我一定会努力把工作做好的。
If necessary, you can turn to your teachers for help when you feel depressed.
如果有必要的话, 当你感到沮丧的话, 你可以向老师寻求帮助。
(1)语法填空
①(2019·北京高考) While working(work), I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.
②You shouldn’t come to his party unless invited(invite).
(2)句式升级
When you are analysing the question, you should pay attention to these important facts.
→When analysing the question, you should pay attention to these important facts. (用状语从句的省略)
【要点拾遗】
1. motivate vt. 成为……的动机; 激发; 激励
*She’s very good at motivating her students to work out complex problems.
她非常擅长激励她的学生解决难题。
*(2020·天津高考) With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning.
有了高度的动力和热情, 我们可以继续学习。
* I am working with mostly highly motivated people.
和我共事的人大多积极性极高。
【词块积累】
(1)motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)motivated adj. 积极的; 主动的
(3)motivation n. 动力; 积极性; 动机
语法填空
(1)The plan is designed to motivate employees to work (work) more efficiently.
(2) Most people said that pay was their main motivation(motivate) for working.
(3)Employers tend to hire highly motivated(motivate) employees.
2. expectation n. 期望; 期待; 预期; 指望
*His new book did not come up to expectation.
他的新书没有达到预期水平。
* Their ancestors came to this country with the expectation of finding new freedom and opportunity.
他们的祖先怀着寻找新的自由和机会的期望来到这个国家。
【词块积累】
(1)in expectation 期望着; 意料之中
in expectation of 预计会有; 期待; 期望
with the expectation of 带着……期望
live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望
(2)expect vt. 期望; 指望; 认为; 预料
expect to do. . . 期待做某事
expect sth. 期望……; 预料……
expect that 期望
It is expected that. . . 人们期望……
语法填空
(1)The company has expectations of making a profit next year.
(2)We expect an agreement to be established (establish)soon.
(3)We all have an expectation(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.
(4)It is expected that more local students will depart from the airport in Xining, capital of Qinghai.
3. expense n. 损失, 代价; 消费; 开支
*I can’t afford the expense of redecorating my house.
我负担不起重新装修房子的费用。
*House repairs, holidays and other expenses reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.
修房、度假和其他开销使他在银行的存款所剩无几。
*The orchestra has more discipline now, but at the expense of spirit. 那个管弦乐团现在更有纪律性了, 却丧失了灵魂。
*If you can’t afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you at no expense.
如果你无法负担律师费用, 法院可为你免费指派一名律师。
【词块积累】
(1)at the expense of 以……为代价; 由……支付费用
at no expense 不花钱地
at great expense 以巨大的代价
extra expense 额外费用
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的; 花钱的
【易混辨析】几种“费用”辨析
expense 泛指“花费; 开支”, 如current expense“日常开支”, selling expense“销售费用”, travelling expense “旅费”等
charge “原价, 要价”。常用复数, 主要指一次性劳务所收取的费用, 如服务费, 行李超重费, 旅馆费等
cost “成本, 费用”常表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。如production cost“生产成本”, living cost “生活费用”, the cost of“……的费用”等
fare “交通费”指乘坐公共汽车, 出租车, 火车, 轮船, 飞机等所支付的交通费用
fee “费用; 酬金”指医生, 律师, 或其他专门职业的佣金或会费, 手续费, 停车费等
根据汉语提示填入适当的词
(1)This is not just theory; it is a lesson we learned, at great expense, during the Savings and Loan crisis of the 1980s.
这不只是理论; 它是我们经历了20世纪80年代的储贷危机以巨大的代价所习得的教训。
(2)We have to make a small charge for refreshments.
我们得收取少量茶点费。
(3)We did not even make enough money to cover the cost of the food. 我们挣的钱甚至无法糊口。
(4)Most of the apps we found charge a monthly or yearly fee. We do not.
我们发现, 大多数应用程序都会按月或年收费, 而我们不收费。
4. side with 支持; 站在……的一边
*It is safer to side with the stronger party.
站在实力较强的一边比较稳妥。
*Whoever side with the revolutionary people is a revolutionary.
谁站在革命人民一边, 谁就是革命者。
【词块积累】
表示“支持某人”的短语
take the side of 站在……一边
support sb. 支持某人
back up sb. 支持某人
in favor of 有利于, 支持
in support of 支持; 拥护
语法填空
(1)I side with him on this question.
(2)He seemed to take the side of those who believe in Marxism.
(3)He is now backed up by experts from headquarters.
(4)Some people are in favor of reform, and others have concerns.
5. as far as I am concerned 就我而言; 依我看来
*As far as I am concerned, your paper is fine as it is.
依我看来你的论文写得很好。
*As far as I know, no quality problems were reported concerning materials purchased through these channels.
据我所知, 通过这些渠道购买的材料没有出现质量问题。
*As far as I can see, he says much the same as they do.
依我看, 他谈的就跟他们那套差不多。
【词块积累】
as far as的常见用法:
as far as“远至……”(在否定句中可用so far as)
as far as sb. /sth. is concerned 就某人/物而言
as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及
as far as I can see 依我看; 据我所见
as far as I know 就我所知
as far as I can understand 据我所知
【知识延伸】“as . . . as”短语荟萃
as well as 既……又……; 和……一样好
as good as 与……一样好; 简直; 几乎
as long as 只要; 长达
as soon as 一……就……
(1)As far as I know, they keep Christmas as well as the Spring Festival in their house.
据我所知, 他们在家里过春节, 也过圣诞节。
(2)As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.
据我判断, 他们都有责任。
(3)As far as I am concerned, they won’t let the child suffer.
依我看来, 他们不会让孩子受苦。
6. in summary 总之; 总的来说
*In summary, if the coronavirus is not contained, it is a serious threat to the whole of humanity. 总而言之, 如果冠状病毒得不到控制, 它将对整个人类构成严重威胁。
*In summary, finally everybody could reap the benefits of technological progress and have more free time. 总之, 最终每个人都会从技术进步中受益和得到更多的自由时间。
【词块积累】
表示“总之”的常见短语:
in summary/a word 总之
all in all 总之
in conclusion 总之
in short/brief 总之; 简言之
to sum up 总之, 概括地说
(1)语法填空
In summary, everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.
(2)In summary/a word/ conclusion/ short/ brief, good office English skills are not an option, but an essential, if you want to be part of this international corporation.
总之, 如果你想成为这家跨国公司的一员, 良好的办公室英语技能不是一个选择, 而是一个必要条件。
7. A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! 最后要考虑的一点是, 虽然出国留学确实有潜在的好处, 但在中国学习的年轻人同样未来可期!
【句式解构】
while引导让步状语从句, 可用于句首, 意为“尽管, 虽然”。如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同, 谓语动词又含有be动词时, 从句的主语和be动词可以省略。例如:
*While he was ill, he attended the meeting. (= While ill, he attended the meeting. )
虽然他生病了, 但他还是参会了。
*While the summit has been delayed, the climate emergency can’t be put on hold.
虽然峰会被推迟了, 但气候的紧急状态不能被搁置。
*While the majority of them chose to stay overseas, China will take necessary measures to help bring back those who really want to return.
虽然大多数人选择留在海外, 但中国将采取必要措施帮助那些真正想回国的人回国。
while作连词时的主要用法:
(1)“当……的时候”, 引导时间状语从句
(2)“而, 然而”, 表示对比, 连接并列句
(3)“虽然; 尽管”, 表示转折, 引导让步状语从句
(1)In addition, we can gradually develop a closer friendship while enjoying these activities.
此外, 我们可以逐渐在享受这些活动的同时发展更密切的友谊。
(2)While travel can broaden your mind, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识, 但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多时间和金钱。
(3) My brother loves adventurous life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.
我的哥哥喜欢冒险的生活, 而我喜欢宁静的生活。
【读写结合·表达升级】
如何写一封表达观点的建议信
建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告的一种文体。建议信要给出写信的原因, 建议的内容, 提出建议的理由, 而且提出的建议要合情合理, 同时语气一定要得体, 既要委婉礼貌, 又要有说服力。
假定你是李华, 你的新西兰朋友Terry正在学习汉语, 他来信说有些人建议他到中国来学习汉语, 他父母却希望他在新西兰学习汉语。请你给他回信, 内容包括: 1. 对他学汉语表示高兴; 2. 你的观点; 3. 合理建议。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 可以适当发挥, 以使行文连贯。
·完成句子
1. 得知你正在学习汉语, 我感到非常高兴。
I am very glad to know that you are learning Chinese.
2. 的确, 学好汉语有很多途径。
Indeed, there are many ways to learn Chinese well.
3. 如果你到中国来学汉语, 良好的语言环境会使你学起来更快, 学得更好。
If you come to China to learn Chinese, the perfect language environment will make you learn
faster and better.
4. 持这种观点的人很多, 包括我在内。
Many people hold this view and I am included.
5. 你的父母希望你在新西兰学习汉语, 也许是因为他们不想让你离开他们太远。
Your parents want you to study Chinese in New Zealand, maybe because they don’t want you to leave them too far.
6. 我的观点是, 你到中国来学习汉语, 这样, 你不仅可以学到地道的汉语, 还能领略独特的中国文化。
In my opinion, you should come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
7. 希望你能说服你的父母让你来中国, 那样的话, 我可以帮你学习汉语。
I hope you can persuade your parents to let you come to China. In that case, I will help you learn Chinese.
·句式升级
8. 用分词作状语改写句4。
Many people hold this view, me included.
9. 用表语从句改写句6。
My opinion is that you come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
Dear Terry,
I am very glad to know that you are learning Chinese.
Indeed, there are many ways to learn Chinese well. If you come to China to learn Chinese, the perfect language environment will make you learn faster and better. Many people hold this view, me included. As to your parents, they want you to study Chinese in New Zealand, maybe because they don’t want you to leave them too far.
My opinion is that you come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
I hope you can persuade your parents to let you come to China. In that case, I will help you learn Chinese.
Yours,
Li Hua
1. 话题词汇
(1)consider考虑
(2)regret 后悔; 遗憾
(3)determine 决定
(4)intend 意图
(5)prepare 准备
(6)I am convinced 我相信
(7)try one’s best
尽某人最大努力
(8)you are supposed to
你应当……
(9)inform. . . of. . .
通知某人某事
(10)in my opinion 依我看
2. 话题句式
(1)表达感情
①It is a pity that. . .
很遗憾……
②I am glad to know. . .
我很高兴知道……
③It is my pleasure to. . .
我很高兴……
④I am willing to. . .
我很乐意……
⑤I am so sorry that. . .
非常抱歉……
(2)提出建议
①It is helpful for you to. . .
……对你很有帮助
②It would be better if. . .
如果……会好一些
③It should be a better idea for you to. . .
对你来说, ……是个不错的主意
④you are supposed to. . .
你应该……
⑤You’d better. . .
你最好……
⑥You need to. . .
你需要……
⑦would you like/ love to. . .
你想……
⑧Why not do. . .
为什么不……
⑨I’d like to suggest that. . .
我想要建议……
⑩If I were you, I would. . .
如果我是你, 我会. . . . . .
As is known to all. . .
众所周知……
What’s more, try to. . .
更重要的是, 试一试……
Last but not least, you should. . .
最后但同样重要的是, 你应当……
【主题活动·话题实践】
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
表达观点
1. In my opinion, /I think, /I believe, /I guess, / I consider
我认为/我觉得/依我看/我的观点是
2. As far as I know/ I am concerned/I can see/ I can tell
据我所知/据我所见
3. Personally (speaking) 就个人而言, 我认为
4. My view is that. . . 我的观点是
5. As for me. . . 依我之见
6. From my point of view 依我之见
表达总结
1. in short/ to sum up/ all in all 总之
2. in conclusion/ in summary 总之, 最后
3. generally speaking 总的来说
4. briefly speaking 简言之
5. in a word 简言之
表达重述
1. in other words 换句话说
2. that is to say 也就是说
3. that means 这意味着
4. that is. . . 就是说, 换言之
5. in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上, 其实
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
根据语境, 补全下列情景对话
1.
A: If one is rich, is he happy
B: (1)I don’t think so. (我不这样认为) It is impossible to equate wealth and happiness.
A: Could I understand what you said as the poorest is the happiest
B: (2)Of course not. (当然不能) Sometimes a poor man can be extremely miserable.
2.
A: What (3)in your opinion/do you think(你认为) can be done to stop smoking
B: Stop producing cigarettes.
A: But that’ll influence national economy.
B: (4)I don’t think(我想不出) there’re better ways.
3.
A: (5)I’m quite sure(我非常肯定) that he failed the exam.
B: How did you say this
A: (6)As far as I can see(据我所见), he looked very disappointed when the paper was handed to him.
B: He spent too much time playing.
4.
A: Do you like travelling
B: Yes, (7)I do(我喜欢).
A: Do you usually travel by bus
B: No, by train, (8)I think(我觉得) it’s much safer than bus.
【名著悦读·素养培优】
The Story of My Life(excerpt)
It is with a kind of fear that I begin to write the history of my life. I have, as it were, a superstitious hesitation in lifting the veil that clings about my childhood like a golden mist. The task of writing an autobiography is a difficult one. When I try to classify my earliest impressions, I find that fact and fancy look alike across the years that link the past with the present. The woman paints the child’s experiences in her own fantasy. A few impressions stand out vividly from the first years of my life; but “the shadows of the prison-house are on the rest. ”Besides, many of the joys and sorrows of childhood have lost their poignancy; and many incidents of vital importance in my early education have been forgotten in the excitement of great discoveries. In order, therefore, not to be tedious I shall try to present in a series of sketches only the episodes that seem to me to be the most interesting and important.
I was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, a little town of northern Alabama.
The family on my father’s side is descended from Caspar Keller, a native of Switzerland, who settled in Maryland. One of my Swiss ancestors was the first teacher of the deaf in Zurich and wrote a book on the subject of their education—rather a singular coincidence; though it is true that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his.
My grandfather, Caspar Keller’s son, “entered” large tracts of land in Alabama and finally settled there. I have been told that once a year he went from Tuscumbia to Philadelphia on horseback to purchase supplies for the plantation, and my aunt has in her possession many of the letters to his family, which give charming and vivid accounts of these trips.
My Grandmother Keller was a daughter of one of Lafayette’s aides, Alexander Moore, and granddaughter of Alexander Spotswood, an early Colonial Governor of Virginia. She was also second cousin to Robert E. Lee.
My father, Arthur H. Keller, was a captain in the Confederate Army, and my mother, Kate Adams, was his second wife and many years younger. Her grandfather, Benjamin Adams, married Susanna E. Goodhue, and lived in Newbury, Massachusetts, for many years. Their son, Charles Adams, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and moved to Helena, Arkansas. When the Civil War broke out, he fought on the side of the South and became a brigadier-general. He married Lucy Helen Everett, who belonged to the same family of Everetts as Edward Everett and Dr. Edward Everett Hale. After the war was over the family moved to Memphis, Tennessee.
I lived, up to the time of the illness that deprived me of my sight and hearing, in a tiny house consisting of a large square room and a small one, in which the servant slept. It is a custom in the South to build a small house near the homestead as an annex to be used on occasion. Such a house my father built after the Civil War, and when he married my mother they went to live in it. It was completely covered with vines, climbing roses and honeysuckles. From the garden it looked like an arbour. The little porch was hidden from view by a screen of yellow roses and Southern smilax. It was the favourite haunt of humming-birds and bees.
The Keller homestead, where the family lived, was a few steps from our little rose-bower. It was called “Ivy Green” because the house and the surrounding trees and fences were covered with beautiful English ivy. Its old-fashioned garden was the paradise of my childhood.
《我生活的故事》的作者是海伦·凯勒。本书是海伦·凯勒的自传体, 这本书记录了她心理与智力成长的精彩过程。
1. superstitious adj. 迷信的
2. veil n. 掩盖
3. autobiography n. 自传体
4. vividly adv. 生动地; 逼真地
5. poignancy n. 辛酸
6. vital adj. 重要的
7. tedious adj. 冗长乏味的
8. episode n. 一段经历
9. descend vi. 下来, 下降
10. coincidence n. 巧合, 偶然
11. ancestor n. 祖先
12. plantation n. 种植园
13. possession n. 财产
14. vivid adj. 生动的; 逼真的
15. deprive vt. 剥夺; 使丧失
16. annex n. 附件
17. arbour n. 凉棚
18. paradise n. 天堂
1. (语言能力)Where was she born
Tuscumbia.
2. (思维品质)What was the result of her illness
She lost her sight and hearing.
3. (思维品质)What did she think of the garden
She had a happy childhood in the garden.
4. (文化意识)What do you know about the Civil War
The Civil War is the biggest civil war in America. It brought the slavery in the South of America to an end and had a great influence on the whole society of America.
读后感悟: ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
译文:
我生活的故事(节选)
我是怀着惴惴不安的心情书写我生活的历史的。在我整个的童年时代, 生活犹如笼罩在我身边的一团金色雾霭。冥冥之中, 我是懵懂而迟疑地揭开生活的迷茫的。每当我试图分辨孩童时期记忆的时候, 我就会发现, 往昔的时光美好而真实, 它如同一条纽带, 同此时此刻的我紧紧相连。女人们通常会以富于想象力的方式来描述自己的童年经历。虽然, 那些鲜活而生动的记忆来自我生命的最初时光, 但是, “牢房一般的阴暗将伴随着我的余生”。此外, 童年时代的欢乐和悲伤大都成为往事前尘, 它们已然失去了当时的锋芒; 在我接受早期教育过程中的那些重大事件, 已经随着更加激动人心的伟大发现而被淡忘。因此, 从这个意义上来说, 将我生活中那些至关重要的章节做一个全盘性的勾勒, 于我倒并不是一件枯燥乏味的工作。
我于1880年6月27日出生在亚拉巴马州北部的一个叫作图斯康比亚的小镇。
我父亲家的先人是来自瑞士的卡斯帕·凯勒家族, 他们最初定居在马里兰州。在我的瑞士祖先中, 有一个人曾是苏黎世聋哑学校的首位教师, 他曾写过一本有关教学生涯的书—这似乎具有某种一脉相承的偶然性; 尽管在他的祖先中没有王者, 也不曾豢养过一个奴隶, 而且, 在早期先民之中, 也没有奴隶曾隶属于一位王者。
我的祖父, 卡斯帕·凯勒家族之子, “进入”了亚拉巴马州这片广袤的土地并最终在此定居。我后来得知, 曾经有那么一年, 祖父骑马从图斯康比亚前往费城, 为的是给种植园添置一些耕作用具。在我姑妈寄来的许多家信中, 曾对祖父的这些旅行有过生动而清晰的记述。
我的祖母凯勒是一个侍从武官的女儿, 那名军官叫亚历山大·穆尔; 祖母也是亚历山大·斯鲍茨伍德的孙女, 这位斯鲍茨伍德先生曾是弗吉尼亚州最早的殖民总督。此外, 祖母也是罗伯特·E. 李将军的二表妹。
我的父亲, 亚瑟·H. 凯勒是联邦军队中的一个上尉, 而我的母亲凯特·亚当斯是他的第二个妻子, 两人年龄相差悬殊。母亲的祖父是本杰明·亚当斯, 他娶了苏姗娜·E. 古德休为妻, 他们在马萨诸塞州的纽伯里住了很多年。他们的儿子查尔斯·亚当斯就出生在马萨诸塞州的纽伯里波特, 后来他搬到了阿肯色州的海伦娜。当时正值南北战争爆发, 他代表南军参战, 后来官至准将军衔。他娶了露西·海伦·埃弗里特为妻, 露西同爱德华·埃弗里特和爱德华·埃弗里特·黑尔博士同宗同门。战争结束后, 夫妻俩搬到了田纳西州的孟菲斯。
我一直住在一个狭小的房子里面, 直到疾病令我丧失了视觉和听觉。当时的家园是由一个巨大的四方形房间和一个小房间构成的, 仆人们都睡在那个小房间里。这源自南方人的习俗, 挨着宅第建一座附属的小房子, 以备不时之需。宅第是我父亲在内战结束后建造的, 在娶了我母亲后, 他们就在此定居了。房子完全被葡萄藤、攀爬的蔷薇和金银花覆盖了, 从花园望去, 那里就像一个巨大的凉亭。而那个小门廊则被满眼的黄玫瑰和南方天冬草所遮蔽。因此这里就变成了蜂雀和蜜蜂最常出没的地方。
凯勒家的宅第距我们家的玫瑰小凉亭只有几步之遥。这里也被叫作“常春藤绿地”, 因为房子和周围的树丛及篱笆被美丽的英格兰常春藤所缠绕覆盖。这个老式的花园正是我童年时代的天堂。
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26Unit 2 Bridging Cultures
【单元脉图·素养导引】
【聆听经典·话题热身】
音乐是人类语言的延伸, 是一种形象的、感人的沟通方式。 波士顿伯克利音乐学院的学生在肯尼亚度过了三周的时间。他们试图通过音乐进行文化交流。
注: 听音填空
American Music Students in Kenya
Current and former students from Berklee College of Music in Boston recently ①returned to the United States after three weeks in Kenya. They were part of a cultural ②exchange program aiming to influence lives through music. They taught music, performed and donated instruments to a Kenyan community center. They also learned about ③traditional Kenyan music.
Music is an important part of life in Kenya.
Sam Lutomia: “Growing up, I sang a lot in school. And we had competitions and choir and music every year. ”
Sam Lutomia works for the Berklee College of Music. He was born and spent his early years in Kenya.
Sam Lutomia: “When I moved to the States, I got ④exposed to a higher level of music. And I was like, ‘Is there something I can do now that I’m in the States ‘”
He helped to create a group ⑤called Global Youth Groove. Its goal is to bring western music to young Kenyans, and get them to consider music as a career.
Sam Lutomia: “I started talking with students at Berklee College of Music and faculty members, and they all responded ⑥positively. And we started collecting instruments. ”
Thirteen Americans made the trip to Kenya in July. They ⑦included four high school students from the Boston area. One
of them was Marina Miller.
Marina Miller: “We ⑧started out in Nairobi. We got a chance to meet with local musicians and listen to them play. ”
Project coordinator Aaron Colverson says the Americans presented a ⑨gift during a visit to Kakamega in western Kenya.
Aaron Colverson: “We’ve gathered like 20 instruments. We had some recorders and also an entire drum kit, lap tops and recording software. ”
Many Kenyans ⑩attended the activities offered by the group.
1. respond /r sp nd/ vi. 回答; 作出反应
2. present / preznt/ v. 赠送
3. drum kit 鼓乐器
译文:
在肯尼亚的美国音乐生
最近, 波士顿伯克利音乐学院本届和往届的学生在肯尼亚度过了三周的时间后回到美国。他们是旨在通过音乐影响生活的文化交流项目的一部分。他们在一个肯尼亚社区中心教音乐, 表演并捐赠乐器。他们还学习了肯尼亚传统音乐。
音乐是肯尼亚生活的一个重要部分。
Sam Lutomia: “在成长的过程中, 我在学校经常唱歌。我们每年都会进行比赛、合唱和其他音乐节目。”
Sam Lutomia在伯克利音乐学院工作。他在肯尼亚出生, 早年也在肯尼亚生活。
Sam Lutomia: “当我移居美国之后, 我接触到了更高水平的音乐。我就想, ‘既然我在美国, 有没有什么可做的呢 ‘”
他帮助创建了Global Youth Groove组织, 该组织的目标是将西方音乐带给肯尼亚年轻人, 让他们把音乐作为一种职业。
Sam Lutomia: “我开始与伯克利音乐学院的学生和教员讨论, 他们的反应都非常积极。后来我们就开始收集乐器。”
7月份, 13名美国人前往肯尼亚, 包括波士顿地区的4名高中生。其中一人是Marina Miller。
Marina Miller: “我们从内罗毕开始。我们有机会与当地音乐家会面, 并观看了他们的表演。”
项目协调员Aaron Colverson说, 在访问肯尼亚西部的卡卡梅加时他们赠送了礼物。
Aaron Colverson: “我们收集了大约20件乐器。有一些录音机, 一整套的鼓乐器, 手提电脑和录音软件。”
许多肯尼亚人参加了该组织的活动。
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