Learning About Language
复习动词-ing形式
观察上面对话, 并用给出词的适当形式填空
1. Reading(read)books widens our knowledge.
2. I suggest putting(put) off the sports meet.
3. Seeing(see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式, 由动词原形加-ing构成, 包括-ing分词和-ing动名词。可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语。动词-ing形式的时态和语态为:
主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动词-ing形式前面有时可加名词所有格、物主代词或人称代词宾格。动词-ing形式的否定形式是在前面加not。现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词的完成式通常表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
*She sat there, reading a novel. 她坐在那里看小说。
*Being repaired, the swimming pool won’t open until next month.
由于正在被修理, 直到下个月游泳池才会开放。
*Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 做完作业后, 这个小女孩开始看电视。
*Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.
被老师警告之后, 学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
*Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们来帮忙对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
动词的-ing形式可以在句中作主语, 此时也可称为动名词。
*(2020·浙江高考)Running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating.
经营家庭需要高水平的规划和协调。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源。
*(2019 全国卷Ⅰ)Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences.
被(他人)喜欢能创造学习和新的生活体验的机会。
动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把动词的-ing形式放在句后。常用于句型: It is + no use/no good/ fun. . . + doing sth.
*It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
*It’s no good playing computer games too much.
玩太多的电脑游戏没好处。
(1)语法填空
①Working (work) with Jane in the same office helped me to get a good understanding of her independent working style.
②It’s no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
③Volunteering (volunteer) just feels so good.
④Being invited (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
(2)句式升级
Playing games online is a waste of time.
→It’s a waste of time playing games online.
二、动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语的两种不同含义:
1. 动词-ing形式作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。
*The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.
真正的问题是了解人民的需要。
2. 动词-ing形式作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征。
*I think that the problem is quite challenging.
我认为这个问题相当有挑战性。
(1)语法填空
①Going into hospital can be very frightening (frighten) for a child.
②Henry’s job is teaching/to teach (teach) physics in a local middle school.
③Your task is cleaning (clean) the old car over there on your own.
(2)His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
(3)The trip is very exciting, and we have decided to have a similar one.
这次旅行很是激动人心, 我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
动词-ing形式既可作动词宾语, 又可作介词宾语。
1. 动词-ing形式作动词宾语
*I hope you will consider travelling to China when you are free.
我希望你在有空的时候考虑来中国旅行。
*I suggest doing it in a different way.
我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事。
2. 动词-ing形式作介词宾语
*(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)The same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.
同样的家长最终会成为这个团队中的非常重要的一员。
*“Only by coming together will we be able to face down the COVID-19 pandemic. ” Guterres wrote in the Guardian.
古特雷斯发表在《卫报》的文章中写道: “只有团结起来, 我们才能战胜新冠肺炎疫情。”
【巧学助记】 口诀记忆只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词
禁止幻想, (就)否定设想;
forbid, fancy, deny, imagine
避免错过, (就)继续苦练;
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice
允许冒险, (就)考虑逃亡;
allow/permit, risk, consider, escape
推迟完成, (就)期盼原谅;
delay/put off, finish, look forward to, excuse/pardon
承认喜欢, (就)建议感激;
admit, enjoy, suggest/advise, appreciate
容忍介意, (就)容忍讨厌。
stand, mind, bear, dislike。
在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后, 作宾语的动词-ing形式常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:
*Your cell phone needs repairing.
=Your cell phone needs to be repaired.
你的手机需要维修一下了。
*This newly published book is well worth reading.
= This newly published book is well worth to be read.
这本新出版的书很值得一看。
(1)语法填空
①I’m looking forward to hearing (hear) from you.
②He devotes himself to looking (look) into the matter.
③She likes spending much money buying (buy) clothes for herself.
④Giving up your plan means losing (lose) a large amount of money.
⑤All of us stopped talking (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.
(2)句型转换
These clothes need washing.
→These clothes need to be washed.
(3)I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.
我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
四、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语, 表示一个正在进行的主动动作或一种状态, 作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式与其前的宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系。能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词:
1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 即“感官动词(组)”, 常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
*(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving cautiously away.
穿过田地, Greg看到一条狗正谨慎地离开。
*When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 当我们回来时, 我们发现一个陌生人站在房子前面。
2. 表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词, 即“使役动词”, 常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。
*It’s very cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.
天很冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。
*We can’t have the young man treating the guardian in that rude way.
我们无法容忍那个年轻人如此粗鲁地对待护卫。
动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后, 既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语, 也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语, 两者之间有一定的区别。用v. -ing形式时, 表示动作正在进行; 用不带to的不定式时, 表示动作发生了, 即动作的全过程结束了。
*He saw a girl getting in the car at that time.
那时他看见一个女孩正在上汽车。
*He saw a girl get in the car. 他看见一个女孩上车了。
(1)语法填空
①I felt someone patting (pat) me on the shoulder.
②When he passed the swimming pool, he saw someone swimming (swim) in it.
③I heard Mary sing (sing)a song in the next room last night.
(2)句型转换
①As time passes by, we will have a better and better life.
→With time passing by, we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw them coming across the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched boats passing by.
五、动词-ing形式作定语
1. 动词-ing形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。
*I am proud of our booming country today!
我为我们如今繁荣发展的国家感到自豪!
*(2019 全国卷Ⅲ)They invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition.
他们邀请我们参加当地活动, 并让我们了解一个有趣的比赛。
2. 动词-ing形式短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面, 相当于一个定语从句。
*Who is the comrade standing by the door(=that is standing by the door) 站在门边的同志是谁
*They lived in a house facing south(=that faces south).
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
3. 动词-ing形式还可以作非限制性定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 常用逗号和句子其他部分分开。
*The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. (=which ranges from butterflies to elephants)
国家公园有许多的野生动物, 从蝴蝶到大象。
*When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat(=who wore a dirty and worn-out overcoat), ran to her with joy.
当她出现的时候, 约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑向她。
动词-ing形式用作定语时, 可以表示被修饰名词所具有的性质特征(几乎等同于形容词), 也可表示正在进行的动作, 或说明被修饰名词的用途。
*She glanced at the sleeping child and then hurried away.
她瞟了一眼睡着的孩子, 随即匆匆离开了。
(1)语法填空
①The topic being discussed (discuss) now has drawn some experts’ attention.
②Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking (walk) stick in her hand.
(2)句型转换
①Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the room that/which is used for reading.
→Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.
②The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
→The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
六、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式或动词-ing短语作状语时, 可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语, 与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系(是主动的), 有时可以转化成相应的状语从句。
*Not coming on time, he was punished.
= Because he didn’t come on time, he was punished.
因为没有按时来, 他受到了惩罚。
*Working hard, you will succeed.
=If you work hard, you will succeed.
努力工作, 你就会成功。
*Having failed many times, he didn’t lose heart.
=Though he had failed many times, he didn’t lose heart.
尽管失败了许多次, 他仍然没有失去信心。
*The teacher stood there, reading a newspaper.
=The teacher stood there, and read a newspaper.
(伴随状语, 可以转化为一个并列句)
老师站在那里, 读着报纸。
*Please answer the question using another way.
请用另外一种方式回答问题。
固定的动词-ing形式(短语)作状语
高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词(短语), 如generally speaking(一般来说), judging from. . . (根据……来判断), considering. . . (考虑到……), talking of. . . (谈到……, 提到……), supposing. . . (假如……)等, 它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这类词或短语可以被称之为句子的状语, 也可当作一个插入语。如:
*Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.
从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。
*Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
考虑到他是那么穷, 我们决定让他免费听音乐会。
【知识延伸】
动词-ing形式(短语)作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致; 如果不一致, 必须用独立主格结构表示, 也就是在前面加上它的逻辑主语。
*Spring coming, the field are full of life.
春天来了, 田野充满生机。
*The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off.
老师病了, 讲座被推迟了。
(1)语法填空
①Having worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest.
②Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③Having spent(spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call.
(2)句型转换
①When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
→Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
②As I don’t know her address, I had better telephone her to come over.
→Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come over.
③The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
→The child slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door.
④Having been told many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
→Although he had been told many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
⑤Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
→Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
(3)I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake.
我看到一对年轻夫妇正往湖里扔垃圾。
(4)Mother has the little girl playing the piano this afternoon.
母亲让小女孩今天下午一直弹钢琴。
(5)All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
整夜他都醒着, 思考着这个问题。
(6)(2019 全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place.
听到这些故事, 我对这个地方产生了怀疑。
用动词-ing形式简要介绍一下急救知识的重要性
1. 学习一些急救知识是很有必要的。(动词-ing作主语)
2. 在我们的日常生活中, 有一些经常发生的小事故。(动词-ing作定语)
3. 面对一些紧急情况时, 我们应该保持冷静并对患者进行急救。(动词-ing作时间状语)
4. 我建议我们都参加一些急救课程。(动词-ing作宾语)
Learning some knowledge about first aid is necessary. There are always some small accidents happening in our daily life. Facing some emergencies, we should keep calm and perform first aid to the victim, which can make a difference. Therefore, I suggest our attending first aid classes.
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9Unit 5 First Aid
Reading and Thinking
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. first-aid techniques急救技能
2. its largest organ 它的最大器官
3. the sun’s rays 阳光
4. sense of touch 触觉
5. nuclear radiation 核辐射
6. the top few millimetres of the skin 最上面几毫米的皮肤
7. minor household incidents 家庭小事故
8. the top layer of the skin 皮肤的顶层
9. a victim of the war 战争受害者
10. swollen hands 肿胀的手
11. the issue underneath 背后的问题
12. the fabric sticking to the burnt skin 粘在烧伤皮肤上的织物
13. a loose clean cloth 一块宽松干净的布
14. an urgent need 迫切需要
15. to ease the pain 减轻疼痛
16. wrap the burnt area 包扎烧伤部位
Ⅱ. 选词填空
suffer from, electric shock, act as, prevent. . . from, depend on, at once, stick to, make sure, a variety of
1. You can attend a variety of activities.
2. Some fabric may stick to the burnt skin.
3. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays.
4. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
5. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks.
6. It also prevents your body from losing too much water.
7. Some lose their appetites and the others even suffer from sleep problems.
8. Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
9. The victim must go to the hospital at once.
Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
正如你能想象到的那样, 烧伤能够引起严重的伤害。
2. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.
它们很严重, 得花费几周时间变好。
3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary.
如果必要的话, 用剪子移除任何衣物。
4. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
用一块干净宽松的布盖住烧伤部位。
5. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果受害者属于二度或三度烧伤, 就急需立即送他/她去医院。
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. -ion常用于动词后构成名词
radiate→radiation n. 辐射
infect→infection n. 感染
imagine→imagination n. 想象
associate→association n. 关联
2. “动词+from”构成的短语
suffer from 遭受; 忍受
learn from 向……学习
hear from 收到……的来信
date from (从某一时代)开始, 回溯
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
First Aid for Burns
2. What is the text type of the passage
It’s a hospital leaflet.
【寻技巧·提能力】
理解文本类型
不同种类的文本可以通过其写作风格和语言特征来识别。通过理解一篇文章的文本类型, 读者可以更好地理解它的目的。也可以更好地理解文本中的信息。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)This text may be taken from a(n) .
A. blog post B. experiment report
C. short story D. hospital leaflet
(2)The largest organ of our body is .
A. heart B. liver (肝脏) C. skin D. stomach
(3)There are types of burns.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
(4)In the text, burns are sorted according to the of the skin damage.
A. type B. depth C. area D. function
(5)The purpose of placing burns under cool running water is to .
A. prevent infection B. break the blisters
C. reduce the pain and swelling D. clean the skin
答案: (1)～(5)DCBBC
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
The skin is an essential part of our body, and it acts as a (1)barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays. It also gives us a (2)sense of touch. However, our skin can sometimes get (3)burnt for some reasons.
Generally speaking, burns, which are caused by hot (4)liquids, fire, radiation and so on, can be divided into three (5)types—first-degree, second-degree and third-degree burns, depending on the (6)depth of skin damage.
All burns need first aid. The cool water can (7)stop the burning process, and reduce the pain and (8)swelling. (9)Remove any clothes if necessary. But to severe burns, get the (10)victim to the doctor at once.
3. Long sentence analysis.
译文: 它也有助于控制体温, 阻止身体失去太多水分, 在外物太热或太凉时发出警告, 并给你触感。
译文: 在受伤的部分涂抹油膏不是个好主意, 因为这会阻碍伤口散热, 并会引发感染。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. How can we give first aid properly when someone gets burnt (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)
First, we should know whether he/she is seriously injured or not. Second, give some basic treatment, such as placing burns under cool running water and removing any clothes. Third, it would be better to take him/her to see a doctor.
2. Do you have any other suggestions about first aid (Divergent Thinking 发散性思维)
I think we should prepare a first aid kit at home and we should all attend some classes on first aid.
要点精研·探究学习
1. sense of touch 触觉
*(2021·全国甲卷)Children need a sense of belonging.
孩子们需要一种归属感。
*The sense of touch lasts the longest—as we get older and our vision and hearing begin to weaken, touch still remains.
触觉持续时间最长——随着我们变老我们的视觉和听觉开始衰弱, 触觉仍然存在。
*We all felt a sense of pride for our country’s great achievements.
我们都为我们国家的伟大成就感到自豪。
sense of direction 方向感
sense of humor 幽默感
sense of responsibility 责任感
sense of belonging 归宿感
sense of pride 自豪感
用含有sense的词块填空
(1)(2020·江苏高考)You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor.
(2)As soon as I get underground, I lose my sense of direction and get lost easily.
(3)The social practice can help strengthen our sense of responsibility.
(4)This kind of chemical can damage your sense of touch when applied to your hand.
(5)When Chang’e-5 landed on the moon, a sense of pride sprang up. 当嫦娥五号成功登月时, 一种自豪感油然而生。
2. minor adj. 较小的; 次要的; 轻微的
*(2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷) You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. 你不需要为一个小失误道歉。
*Though our school makes it clear that phones are not allowed, a minority of students tend to ignore it. 尽管我们学校明确不允许带手机, 但是少数学生会忽视这项规定。
*There’re some people opposed to the plan, but they are in a/the minority.
有些人反对这个计划, 但他们是少数。
(1)minority n. 少数, 少部分
a minority of 少数的……
in a/the minority 占少数
(2)major adj. 主要的; 重要的; 主修的
vi. 主修
(1)语法填空
①The minority who attended the meeting yesterday were(be) students.
②Only a minority of British households do not have a car.
(2)Sometimes we don’t agree with each other over some minor things.
有时对于一些小事我们会彼此意见不同。
(3)Littering and spitting are also the major factors causing environmental problems.
乱扔垃圾和随地吐痰也是造成环境问题的主要因素。
3. loose adj. 松的; 未系紧的; 宽松的
*Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
用一块宽松干净的布料覆盖住烧伤部分。
*His clothes seemed too big for him. His shirt collar was loose on his throat. 他的衣服看起来太大了, 衬衣领口松松垮垮的。
*She swung her arms above her head to loosen up.
她将双臂举过头顶来回摆臂, 做准备活动。
(1)come loose 松动; 脱落
let sb. loose 释放某人
(2)loosen vt. 解开或使松; 放宽, 放松
loosen up (肌肉)松弛; 做准备活动; 放松; (情况)缓和
(3)loosely adv. 放松地
(1)用loose的适当形式填空
①This kind of behavior can loosen your connection with your friends.
②The investigation had aimed at a loosely organized group of criminals.
(2)A page came loose(脱落) and floated onto the tiles.
(3)I think people have loosened up(放松) their standards.
4. urgent adj. 紧急的; 急迫的; 急切的
*With smog getting increasingly serious, environmental protection has become an urgent issue for human beings.
随着雾霾越来越严重, 环保已经变成人类的一个紧迫问题。
*It is urgent that we (should)take measures to travel in a civilized way.
我们应该采取措施文明出游是当务之急。
*New York officials said they urgently needed masks and respirators.
纽约官员说他们急需口罩和呼吸机。
*I heard the urgency in his voice when he asked if I was all right. 当他问我是否还好时, 我听出了他声音里的急迫。
(1)urgently adv. 急迫地; 紧急地
(2)urgency n. 急迫; 紧急
sense of urgency 紧迫感
as a matter of urgency 作为紧急事件
It is urgent that. . . 从句中用虚拟语气, 即谓语动词使用should +动词原形, should可以省略。
(1)用urge的正确形式填空
①There is an urgent need for food and water.
②The urgency of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science.
③Red Cross officials said they urgently needed bread and water.
(2) It is a matter of utmost urgency.
这事刻不容缓。
(3)I think what is the most important is that we all should have a sense of urgency.
我认为最为重要的是我们都要有紧迫感。
5. ease vi. &vt. (使)宽慰; 减轻; 缓解; 使容易; 使顺利n. 容易; 舒适; 自在
*Don’t overwork yourself and take your ease.
不要过度劳累, 休息一会儿。
*I suggest that you listen to some soft music, which helps ease your sense of urgency.
我建议你应该听一些舒缓的音乐, 这有助于缓解你的紧迫感。
*He passed the driving exam with ease.
他轻而易举地通过了驾驶考试。
*Because he was modest and easy to approach, he soon put everyone completely at ease.
他是那样谦虚, 平易近人, 很快使大家放松下来。
(1)ease sb. of . . . 使某人消除/减轻……
(2)with ease 不费力地
at ease 自在; 放松
take one’s ease 休息; 放松
语法填空
(1)I never feel at ease in his company.
(2)She won the 400-m race with ease.
(3)She sits down and takes her (she) ease by the fire.
6. swallow vt. &vi. 吞下; 咽下
*Chemical burns can even affect your internal organs if the chemicals are swallowed.
如果这些化学物质被吞下的话化学物质烧伤甚至会影响你的内脏。
*She took a bite of the apple, chewed and swallowed.
她咬了一口苹果, 嚼了嚼, 咽了下去。
*She was quickly swallowed up in the crowd.
她很快消失在人群里。
swallow down 不情愿地吞下; 勉强咽下
swallow up 吞并; 兼并; 耗尽
swallow one’s words 口齿不清地说; 收回前言
(1)语法填空
①Most of my salary gets swallowed up by the rent and bills.
②It is most important to chew your food, whether vegetable or meat, before you swallow it down.
(2)If I ever come back I suppose I’ll have to swallow my words.
要是哪天我回来了, 我想我就得收回前言。
7. wrap vt. 包、裹; (用手臂等)围住
*For example, wrap the burnt area loosely with a clean cloth if possible.
例如, 如果可能的话, 用干净的布料松散地把烧伤部位包裹起来。
*She wrapped the baby in a blanket.
她把婴儿裹在了一条毯子里面。
*Diana is wrapping up the family presents.
黛安娜正在将家人的礼物包起来。
wrap sth. in sth. 将……包在……中;
将……裹在……中
wrap up 把……包起来
be wrapped up in sth. 全神贯注于……
(1)语法填空
①It is a kind of food made by rice wrapped(wrap)in bamboo leaves.
②Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
③We intend to wrap them in a big parcel and post it to your school.
(2)He was so wrapped up in his own sufferings that he’d forgotten about me.
他沉浸在自己的痛苦之中, 忘记了我的存在。
8. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果患者是二度或三度烧伤, 就急需立即把他/她送到医院。
【句式解构】
本句是一个复合句。句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句; there is a need to do sth. 意为“有必要做某事”。
*There is a need to balance your study and life in order to make your life colorful and meaningful.
你有必要平衡你的学习和生活, 以使你的生活丰富而有意义。
*Actually, there is no need to worry about whether you will win or lose.
事实上, 你没必要担忧是否会成功。
*There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
there is no need(for sb. ) to do sth.
(某人)没有必要做某事
there is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问……
(1)When we fall ill, there is no need to go to the hospital because our robots can examine us.
当我们生病的时候, 没有必要去医院, 因为我们的机器人就可以为我们做检查。
(2)There is an urgent need to prevent our earth from being polluted.
急需阻止我们的地球被污染。
(3)There is no doubt that he will leave here tomorrow.
毫无疑问他明天会离开这里。
【教师备选】
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如果有必要的话用剪刀移除任何衣物, 除非你看到织物粘住烧伤的皮肤上。
【句式解构】
本句是一个复合句。句中unless引导条件状语从句; if necessary为条件状语从句的省略, 其完整形式为: if it is necessary。
*(2020·天津高考) Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
你上次去公共图书馆有一段时间了吗 如果是这样的话, 你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
*If not, let me know what time suits you best.
如果不的话, 让我知道什么时间最适合你。
*It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
如果可能, 最好还是挑选有机食品。
常用的if省略结构
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经有过
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不的话
if possible 如果可能的话
(1) 同义句改写(改为省略形式)
①If it is possible, you should try it once more.
→If possible, you should try it once more.
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if any.
③Some of you may have finished Unit 1. If you have done so, you can go on to Unit 2.
→Some of you may have finished Unit 1. If so, you can go on to Unit 2.
(2)If necessary, you can ask him for help.
如果有必要的话, 你可以向他求助。
拓视野·观天下
1. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its plastic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.
幸运的是, 可口可乐公司接受了挑战, 并想出了一个新颖且有效的解决方案。该公司正使用一种新的纸板技术替代其在欧洲使用的塑料包装。
2. A Biden official said the most urgent need was for the transition to be given access to COVID-19 data and the vaccine distribution plans. 拜登的一名官员表示, 最紧迫的需要是让过渡政府获得新冠肺炎数据和疫苗分发计划。
3. Most counties saw only minor changes in their tallies, with the recount vote totals differing by single digits, said a New York Times report. 《纽约时报》的一篇报道称, 大多数县的计票结果只有微小的变化, 重新计票的总数相差个位数。
4. The grill opened in April and the founders started the business to ease their financial burden, according to earlier reports by China Youth Daily.
据《中国青年报》早些时候的报道, 这家烧烤店于(今年)4月开业, 创始人创办这家店是为了减轻他们的经济负担。
PAGE
1Unit 5 First Aid
Using Language
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. slip on the ice 在冰上打滑
2. an elderly man living alone 一位独居老人
3. fall onto the carpet 掉到地毯上
4. send for an ambulance 叫一辆救护车来
5. without delay 毫不拖延; 立刻
6. in a state of panic 处在惊恐状态
7. sorry to interrupt 对不起打扰一下
8. scream at me 冲着我喊
9. choke to death 窒息而死
10. a desperate man 一个绝望的人
11. the sufficient practical experience 丰富的实践经验
12. justify paying such huge salaries 证明支付这么高的薪水是正当的
13. a social welfare programme 一项社会福利计划
14. collapse on the sofa 倒在沙发上
15. on foggy days 多雾天气
16. get a gym membership 获得健身房会员资格
Ⅱ. 选择恰当的短语填空
help. . . to one’s feet, face down, no longer, have trouble, sleep in, be concerned about , out of shape, keep fit, force out , stand by
1. Suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body.
2. With the help of Tom’s friends, he was able to help Tom to his feet.
3. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction.
4. A blow of wind knocked him off balance and he fell face down in the mud.
5. You can’t just stand by and do nothing.
6. The Red Cross is looking for volunteers who are concerned about the welfare of their fellow men.
7. These trousers are too loose—I’m having trouble keeping them up.
8. John’s alarm didn’t go off, so he slept in.
9. I weighed 245 pounds and was out of shape.
10. Doing exercise regularly can help us keep fit.
翻译下列课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
译文: 当听到旁边桌有人喊叫时, 北京的高中生陈伟的晚餐被打断。
2. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.
译文: 他们在离开之前建议他吃得慢些, 小口吃。
3. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school.
译文: 幸运的是, 陈在学校学会了如何进行急救。
4. How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing
译文: 我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What would be the best title for the passage
A. The history of the Heimlich manoeuvre.
B. How to give first aid.
C. An experience of giving first aid.
D. A young middle school student.
(2)What was Chen doing when Zhang Tao was choking
A. He was cooking.
B. He was having dinner at the restaurant.
C. He was serving the customers.
D. He was on his way home.
(3)Henry Heimlich created the Heimlich manoeuvre to .
A. help those who have a sore throat
B. help those who are bleeding
C. save those who are choking
D. help those who get injured
(4)Which is the right order of doing the Heimlich manoeuvre
①Grab your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion.
②Stand behind the victim and wrap your arms around his waist.
③Make sure that the victim is really choking.
④Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach.
A. ②①③④ B. ③①②④
C. ③④①② D. ③②④①
(5)What kind of person is Chen Wei
A. Careful. B. Diligent.
C. Responsible. D. Friendly.
答案: (1)～(5)CBCDC
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Chen Wei was having dinner (1)when he heard someone screaming. Then he noticed that a man (2)was choking(choke). He ran to help him to his (3)feet(foot), and did the Heimlich manoeuvre, which (4)was created(create) by Henry Heimlich. (5)Before you do the Heimlich manoeuvre, you should make sure that the victim is really choking. You should stand (6)behind the victim and wrap your arms around his waist, make a fist with one hand and place (7)it in the upper part of his stomach, and grab your fist with your other hand (8)tightly(tight), push up and into his stomach in one motion. Chen (9)had learnt(learn) this before in school, and thought we all had a (10)responsibility(responsible) to look after one another’s welfare.
2. Long sentence analysis.
译文: 为了解决这个问题, 美国医生亨利·海姆利希于1974年发明了“海姆利希急救法”, 挽救了世界上成千上万个生命。
译文: 窒息患者通常在昏倒和死亡之前只有四分钟时间, 这导致没有时间等待救护车的到来。
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
(1)What can you learn from the story (Critical Thinking 批判性思维)
Chen Wei is a responsible student, and the knowledge of first aid is important.
(2)If you have a chance to learn how to give first aid, will you grasp it Why (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)
Yes, I will grasp this chance to learn some basic knowledge about first aid, because it can save somebody’s life.
要点精研·探究学习
1. slip vi. 滑倒; 滑落; 溜走 n. 滑倒; 小错误; 纸条
*As I was walking on the path, I saw a boy suddenly slip on the snow-covered ground. 我在路上走着的时候, 我看到一个男孩突然滑倒在被大雪覆盖的地上。
*During these waits, the brain slips away from the body.
在这些等待期间, (我们经常)会心不在焉。
*I feel sorry to know your grades have been slipping down because of your pride and laziness.
得知你因为骄傲和懒惰导致成绩下滑, 我很抱歉。
(1)a slip of the tongue 口误; 失言
slip away 消失; 悄悄溜走
slip by (时间等)快速流逝, 溜走
slip down (成绩等)下滑
slip in 悄悄溜入, 混入
slip out 溜出; 掉落; 无意中说出
(2)slippery adj. 滑的; 狡猾的; 不稳定的
Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip.
功亏一篑。(喻指: 在成功之际出现纰漏, 结果以前的功夫白费了)
【易混辨析】slide与slip, 如何“滑动”
(1)slide主要表示某物在另一物表面的滑动, 可能是有意的, 也可能是无意的;
(2)slip多指无意的、急速的、短距离的滑动, 常有因不小心或失去平衡等造成之意。常指由于不小心、路滑等而滑倒。
(1)语法填空
①The clay court was slippery(slip)and he was unable to move freely.
②The days slipped by quickly as I finished the last several weeks of my summer job.
③I guess it must have slipped out of my pocket during the flight.
(2)选词填空(slide, slip)
①My knife slipped and cut my hand.
②He slipped and broke his leg.
③The book slid off the desk.
2. delay vi. &vt. 推迟; 延期(做某事) vt. 耽搁; 耽误 n. 延误; 耽搁(的时间); 推迟
*(2021·浙江高考)If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.
如果杂货店中有三列队伍, 延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。
*Mr Green slipped on the way and got injured, therefore the meeting was delayed.
格林先生在路上滑倒受伤了, 因此, 会议推迟了。
*(2020 浙江高考) I did as told without delay. Letting out loud noises, the bear ran away.
我毫不延迟地照吩咐做了。熊发出很大的声响, 跑开了。
delay doing sth. 耽误做某事; 延缓做某事
without delay 毫不拖延; 立即
Never delay doing something you should finish today.
今日事今日毕。(喻指: 做事情不耽误、不拖延)
(1) 语法填空
①He delayed telling(tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
②All these measures must be carried through without delay.
(2)There was a one-hour delay on flights yesterday.
昨天的航班延误了一个小时。
3. panic vi. &vt. (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐; 恐慌
*If you are type A, there is no need to panic. It does not mean you will be infected 100 percent. 如果你是A型血, 没有必要恐慌。这不意味着你会百分之百感染。
*She’s in a panic about her final exams, because her grade has been slipping down these days.
由于这些天她的成绩一直在下滑, 她为期末考试恐慌。
*It’s natural that people will get into a panic when faced with unknown things.
面对未知事物人们会恐慌, 这是自然的。
in a panic 在恐慌中
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
panic about/over sth. 对某事物感到恐慌
panic sb. into doing sth. 使仓惶行事; 使仓促行动
panic是一个不规则动词, 它的过去式和过去分词均为panicked, 现在分词为panicking。
*The gunfire panicked the little child. 枪炮声让小孩感到恐慌。
(1)语法填空
①I’m in a panic about getting everything done in time.
②Shoppers are panicked(panic) into buying things they don’t need.
③The animals panicked over the forest fire.
(2)句型转换
The audience were thrown into a panic when the fire started.
→The audience got into a panic when the fire started.
4. desperate adj. 绝望的; 孤注一掷的; 非常需要的
*Stuck in my house, I feel really desperate, but seeing delivery riders outside my window gives me some hope. 被困在家里, 我感觉真的很绝望, 但从窗外看到了外卖骑手, 让我燃起了一丝希望。
*If their kids are desperate for the support from them, they ought to be the devoted parents. 如果孩子们急需父母的支持, 那么父母就应该全身心投入支持孩子。
*(2020·浙江高考)I ran desperately but failed to catch up.
我拼命地跑, 但没能追上。
be desperate for sth. 极想得到某物; 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
desperately adv. 拼命地; 绝望地; 极严重地; 孤注一掷地
(1)语法填空
①Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he is desperate for fame.
②After ten years of hard study, he is desperate to pass(pass) the college entrance examination.
③He desperately(desperate) saw her disappear into the crowd.
(2)You really can’t predict how people will act when they are in desperate situations.
你真的无法预测当处于绝望境地的时候人们会做出什么举动。
5. help sb. to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来
*He offered to help the old man to his feet and accompanied him to the safe area.
他主动帮助老人站起来, 并陪他到达安全地带。
*You need someone to take the pressure off and help you get back on your feet. 你需要有人为你分担压力, 帮你恢复元气。
*I suppose that you haven’t found your feet in your class yet.
我认为你还没有适应班级环境。
*Refusing to give up, he rose to his feet and continued to run as fast as possible.
拒绝放弃, 他站起来, 继续尽可能快地跑下去。
be on one’s feet 站起来; 起立
get back on one’s feet (经历困境后)恢复; (病后)复原
find one’s feet 适应环境; 站稳脚跟; 立足
rise/get to one’s feet 起立; 站起来
(1)Once he had found his feet he was able to deal with any problem. 他一旦适应了环境, 就能处理任何问题了。
(2)The delegates cheered and rose to their feet.
代表们欢呼着站起身来。
(3)You should first help the victim to his feet.
你应该首先帮助患者站起来。
6. face up/down 面朝上(朝下)
*Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body.
相反地, 让孩子面朝下趴在你的膝盖上, 并让头部保持低于身体的其他部位。
*French authorities warned that anyone caught jogging or exercising in public will be faced with fines between $135 and $375. 法国当局警告, 任何在公共场所慢跑或锻炼的人将面临135美元至375美元的罚款。
*(2020·浙江高考) When I’m face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. 当我和北极熊面对面的时候, 我喜欢用一个有长焦镜头的相机。
I can’t face it 我不能接受; 我不愿这么做
face up to sth. 敢于接受; 勇敢面对; 敢于正视
face to face 面对面地
face sth. =be faced with sth. 面对某事
(1)语法填空
①(2019 北京高考)Nervously facing(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
②Faced(face)with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers for help.
(2)It’s about time you faced up to your responsibilities bravely as a parent.
现在是你勇敢地担负起为人父母之责的时候了。
(3)My children want me with them for Christmas Day, but I can’t face it.
我的孩子们想要我跟他们一起过圣诞节, 但我办不到。
【要点拾遗】
1. interrupt vi. &vt. 打断; 打扰 vt. 使暂停; 使中断
*When someone is talking to you, don’t interrupt him.
当有人和你谈话的时候, 不要打断他。
*She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption. 她坚持锻炼, 多年来从未间断。
interruption n. 中断; 阻断物
without interruption 不间断地
interruptive adj. 阻碍的; 打扰的
【易混辨析】
interrupt 指的是打断别人的交谈, 或者是正在进行的事情
disturb 指的是别人在专心做某件事情或者是在休息的时候, 去打扰对方
bother 指的是麻烦、拜托别人去做某件对方可能不乐意做的事情
(1)用interrupt的正确形式填空
①Let’s go somewhere we can talk without interruption.
②It is bad manners to interrupt others while they are having a conversation.
③I am not accustomed to being interrupted when studying or working, so please remember this and don’t do it again.
④Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always losing her place.
(2)选词填空(interrupt, disturb, bother)
①You’d better not interrupt him. He is sleeping.
②The noise of the machine disturbed my sleep last night.
③I can’t bother him with my little affairs.
2. sleep in 迟起; 睡过头; 睡懒觉
*If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.
如果你周五晚上很疲倦, 周六睡懒觉听起来不错。
*Therefore, remember to go to sleep early and get up early.
因此, 要牢记早睡早起。
(1)go to sleep 入睡; 睡着
(2)asleep adj. 睡着的
fall asleep 睡着; 入睡
(3)sleepy adj. 欲睡的; 困倦的
(1)用sleep的适当形式填空
①She was still tired and sleepy when he woke her.
②He was so exhausted that he fell asleep at his desk.
③He was so tired that he went to sleep over his study.
(2)I love to sleep in on Sundays! It helps me catch up on my sleep.
我很喜欢在星期天睡懒觉! 它帮我补觉。
3. practical adj. 切实可行的; 实际的; 实践的
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical.
有关月球成分的数据, 比如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏, 可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否切实可行。
*They have legal rights, but in practice these rights are not always respected.
他们虽有合法的权利, 但实际上这些权利常未受到尊重。
*Don’t ask me to speak French! I’m out of practice.
可别让我讲法语! 我已经生疏了。
*If we learn to drive cars in the holidays, we can practise driving every day.
如果我们在假期学车, 我们就可以每天练习驾驶。
(1)practice n. 实践练习; 习惯, 常规
in practice 在实践中; 实际上
out of practice 生疏, 久不练习
(2)practise vt. &vi. 练习; 实践
practise doing sth. 练习做某事
(1)语法填空
①At the same time, I spared some time every day to practise listening(listen)skills.
②Our system is the most practical(practice)way of preventing pollution.
(2)He lost the competition because he was out of practice for months.
他比赛失利, 因为他已经疏于练习好几个月了。
(3)They offer practical suggestions for healthy eating.
他们提供有关健康饮食的实用建议。
4. out of shape 健康状况不好
*Nancy Jones felt that she was getting out of shape and decided that she needed to get some exercise.
南希·琼斯感到自己身体状况不好, 决定进行身体锻炼。
*(2020 天津高考)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake in the shape of a monkey.
为了我的五岁生日, 我妈妈给我做了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。
*(2018·浙江高考)By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
通过选择保持住宅外观的良好状况, 你可以提升整个地区的风貌和感觉。
in the shape of 以……的形式; 呈……的形状
in good shape/in shape 情况良好; 身体健康
in bad/poor shape 情况不好; 身体不健康
stay in shape 保持体形
(1)语法填空
①Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
②We came into a room in the shape of a star.
(2)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay in shape.
汤姆早上总是慢跑, 为了保持身材, 他还经常做俯卧撑。
(3)The old man felt he was out of shape and that he should get some medical treatment.
这个老人感到身体状况不好, 他应该接受医疗救治。
5. Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
当听到旁边桌有人喊叫时, 北京的高中生陈伟的晚餐被打断。
【句式解构】
本句是一个复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句, 句中含有一个have sth. done结构。
have sth. done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语, 表示被动的含义, 此结构有时也可以用get sth. done来替换; 其常用三种含义如下:
(1)表示“让某人做某事”;
(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸; 受到打击”;
(3)表示“做完某事(主语可能参与其中)”。
*Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg.
后来, 凯瑟琳二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡以外的宫殿。
*Tom had his pocket picked in the supermarket.
在超市里汤姆的口袋被小偷光顾了。
*I want to have my daughter educated in England.
我想让我女儿在英国接受教育。
“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构通常有以下几种形式:
(1)have sb. do sth. 表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。
(2)have sb. doing sth. 表示使(让)某人一直做某事。用于否定句时, have表示“容忍、容许”之意。
(3)have sth. done 表示请(让)别人做某事或表示经历或遭遇某情况。
(4)have sth. to do有某事要做。其中不定式作定语。
(1)语法填空
①I can’t have you speaking(speak) to your mom in a rude manner.
②I can’t go to see the movie with you because I have a lot of homework to finish(finish).
③Tim remembers to have some flowers sent(send) to his mom on her birthday.
(2)Unfortunately, he had his wallet stolen on the street.
不幸的是, 他的钱包在街上被偷了。
读写结合·表达升级
写一个关于实施急救的故事
实施急救的故事属于叙事性文体。文章应该按照时间顺序写, 内容安排条理清晰。写作内容应该集中在实施急救的过程描述以及急救的最终结果上。
假设你和你班同学李华从锅炉房打完开水, 在回寝室的路上, 李华的热水瓶突然破裂, 开水烫伤了李华的脚。你对此进行了必要的急救。请用英语写一篇80词左右的文章, 向学校英文报投稿讲述这件事, 内容包括:
1. 事情发生的经过;
2. 你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步处理等);
3. 对掌握一定急救知识重要性的认识。
参考词汇: 锅炉房boiler house 热水瓶thermos bottle
·完成句子
1. 我和李华从锅炉房取热水后正在往回走。
Li Hua and I were on our way back from boiler house after fetching some hot water.
2. 突然一声爆炸把我吓了一跳。
Suddenly a sound of explosion scared me.
3. 我尽力保持镇定, 与此同时, 疯狂地搜寻着我从急救课上学到的知识。
I managed to stay calm, and at the same time, I crazily searched for what I had learnt from my first-aid class.
4. 那时我意识到关于急救的基本知识能够产生多么大的影响。
I then was aware what a difference a basic knowledge of first aid can make.
·句式升级
5. 用when引导的时间状语从句合并句1和句2。
Li Hua and I were on our way back from boiler house after fetching some hot water when suddenly a sound of explosion scared me.
6. 用现在分词短语作伴随状语改写句3。
I managed to stay calm, crazily searching for what I had learnt from my first-aid class.
7. 用倒装句改写句4。
Only then was I aware what a difference a basic knowledge of first aid can make.
Accidents happened. That day, Li Hua and I were on our way back from boiler house after fetching some hot water when suddenly a sound of explosion scared me. Li Hua’s thermos bottle burst and the spilt boiling water caused severe injuries to his feet. The burn was so severe that the skin was red and swollen.
I could tell Li Hua was in extreme pain. I managed to stay calm, crazily searching for what I had learnt from my first-aid class. Immediately, I carried him to the water tap nearby and put his feet under the cold running water until the pain lessened. Afterwards, I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital where he received further treatment. I was finally relieved.
Only then was I aware what a difference a basic knowledge of first aid can make, especially in such a case.
1. 话题词汇
(1)emergency
紧急情况
(2)wound
伤口
(3)bleed
流血
(4)bandage
绷带
(5)ambulance
救护车
(6)stay calm
保持冷静
(7)deal with
处理
(8)fall ill or get injured
生病或受伤
(9)make a big difference
产生巨大影响
(10)perform first aid on sb.
对某人进行急救
(11)be of great benefit
非常有益
2. 话题句式
过程说明常用表达
(1)When you see someone get injured, what should you do
当你看到某人受伤的时候, 你应该做什么
(2)Be careful not to move the victim violently.
要当心, 不要剧烈移动患者。
(3)If victim is facing severe condition, it is vital to give him first aid at once.
如果患者状况严重, 立刻对他进行急救是最为重要的。
(4)At the same time, you must/should call for help.
与此同时, 你必须/应该打电话求助。
(5)Before the ambulance came, the lady performed first aid on the kid.
救护车来之前, 这位女士对这个孩子实施急救。
(6)The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference.
这个故事证明急救的影响非常大。
主题活动·话题实践
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
请求帮助, 描述情况:
1. I am calling for help.
我打电话求助。
2. He got a heart attack, and he has difficulty breathing now.
他心脏病发作, 并且现在呼吸困难。
3. His left foot is badly cut and is bleeding now.
他的左脚严重割伤, 正在流血。
4. He gets a sprained ankle, and his foot is swollen.
他脚踝扭伤, 脚部肿胀。
5. Her hand got burned, and there are some blisters.
她的手烧伤, 有一些水疱。
急救措施:
6. Press down, twice a second.
按压, 一秒钟两次。
7. Check to see if there is food in his mouth.
检查他嘴里是否有食物。
8. Lay the victim on his back.
让患者平躺着。
9. Perform mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing.
进行人工呼吸。
10. Perform CPR.
做心肺复苏。
11. Push down on the center of his chest.
按压他的胸部正中位置。
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
一位老人心脏病复发, 李华拨打120求助, 并在接线员的提示下先行实施急救。
Li Hua: This is Li Hua. 1. I am calling for help(我打电话求助).
Operator: What’s wrong
Li Hua: An old man got a heart attack, and 2. he has difficulty breathing(他呼吸困难)now.
Operator: Keep calm and give him first aid. I will give you some instructions.
Li Hua: OK, I will have a try.
Operator: First, you should 3. check to see if there is food in his mouth(检查他嘴里是否有食物).
Li Hua: Nothing. Next
Operator: 4. Lay the victim on his back(让患者平躺着), and then perform CPR. Now 5. push down on the center of his chest(按压他的胸部正中位置). Press down, twice a second.
. . .
名著悦读·素养培优
Childhood(excerpt)
Happy, happy, never-returning time of childhood! How can we help loving and dwelling upon its recollections They cheer and elevate the soul, and become to one a source of higher joys.
Sometimes, when dreaming of bygone days, I fancy that, tired out with running about, I have sat down, as of old, in my high arm-chair by the tea-table. It is late, and I have long since drunk my cup of milk. My eyes are heavy with sleep as I sit there and listen. How could I not listen, seeing that Mamma is speaking to somebody, and that the sound of her voice is so melodious and kind How much its echoes recall to my heart! With my eyes veiled with drowsiness I gaze at her wistfully. Suddenly she seems to grow smaller and smaller, and her face vanishes to a point; yet I can still see it—can still see her as she looks at me and smiles. Somehow it pleases me to see her grown so small. I blink and blink, yet she looks no larger than a boy reflected in the pupil of an eye. Then I rouse myself, and the picture fades. Once more I half-close my eyes, and cast about to try and recall the dream, but it has gone.
I rise to my feet, only to fall back comfortably into the arm-chair.
“There! You are failing asleep again, little Nicolas, ” says Mamma. “You had better go to by-by. ”
“No, I won’t go to sleep, Mamma, ” I reply, though almost inaudibly, for pleasant dreams are filling all my soul. The sound sleep of childhood is weighing my eyelids down, and for a few moments I sink into slumber and oblivion until awakened by some one. I feel in my sleep as though a soft hand were caressing me. I know it by the touch, and, though still dreaming, I seize hold of it and press it to my lips. Every one else has gone to bed, and only one candle remains burning in the drawing-room. Mamma has said that she herself will wake me. She sits down on the arm of the chair in which I am asleep, with her soft hand stroking my hair, and I hear her beloved, well-known voice say in my ear:
“Get up, my darling. It is time to go by-by. ”
No envious gaze sees her now. She is not afraid to shed upon me the whole of her tenderness and love. I do not wake up, yet I kiss and kiss her hand.
“Get up, then, my angel. ”
She passes her other arm round my neck, and her fingers tickle me as they move across it. The room is quiet and in half-darkness, but the tickling has touched my nerves and I begin to awake. Mamma is sitting near me—that I can tell—and touching me; I can hear her voice and feel her presence. This at last rouses me to spring up, to throw my arms around her neck, to hide my head in her bosom, and to say with a sigh:
“Ah, dear, darling Mamma, how much I love you! ”
She smiles her sad, enchanting smile, takes my head between her two hands, kisses me on the forehead, and lifts me on to her lap.
“Do you love me so much, then ” she says. Then, after a few moments’ silence, she continues: “And you must love me always, and never forget me. If your Mamma should no longer be here, will you promise never to forget her—never, Nicolas ” And she kisses me more fondly than ever.
“Oh, but you must not speak so, darling Mamma, my own darling Mamma! ” I exclaim as I clasp her knees, and tears of joy and love fall from my eyes.
列夫·托尔斯泰的处女作《童年》(1852)通过对小主人公伊尔倩耶夫的单纯而又富有诗意的内心世界的细致入微的描摹, 出色地表现了一个出身贵族家庭的、聪颖、敏感、感情热烈并爱作自我分析的儿童的精神成长过程。
1. dwell v. 想着某事
2. melodious adj. 悦耳的; 优美动听的
3. wistfully adv. 望眼欲穿地; 渴望地
4. oblivion n. 无意识状态; 沉睡; 昏迷
5. enchant v. 使着迷; 使陶醉
1. (语言能力)What does the underlined phrase mean
Mom asked “I” to go to sleep.
2. (思维品质)What can we know about “my” childhood
“My” childhood was happy and full of my mother’s love.
3. (思维品质)What can we infer from the hero’s recalling
The hero in this part of the novel recalled his happy childhood when his mom loved him so much, from which we can infer that his life as an adult may be not satisfactory.
4. (文化意识)What’s your opinion about mother’s love
We human beings as a whole think that mother’s love is the greatest love.
读后感悟:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
译文:
《童年》(节选)
幸福的, 幸福的, 一去不返的童年时代啊! 怎能不爱惜, 不珍重对童年的回忆呢 这些回忆使我精神舒爽, 心情振奋, 是我的无上乐趣的源泉。
有时回忆起逝去的日子, 我就会想起这样的情景: 跑够了, 我依旧就坐在茶桌旁那把高背的安乐椅里; 时候不早了, 我早就喝完了我那杯牛奶, 睡意朦胧地闭上眼睛, 但是一动也不动地坐着聆听。我怎么能不听呢 妈妈在同什么人谈话, 她的声音是那么悦耳, 那么动人。那声音不停地在我的心灵深处荡漾, 让我想起那段美妙的时光! 我用朦胧的睡眼渴望地凝视着她的脸, 它突然变得越来越小, 她的脸只有圆点那么大, 依然可以看到它——我看见, 她望了我一眼, 微微一笑。我喜欢看见她只有这么一点点大。我眨了眨眼, 她变得还没有瞳仁里的小人那么大; 然后, 我惊醒了, 这种魔力就破灭了。我眯起眼睛, 扭过身去, 拼命想使这种现象重现, 但是徒劳无益。
我站起来, 舒适地躺到安乐椅里。
“你又要睡着了, 小尼古拉斯 , ”妈妈对我说, “你最好上楼睡觉去。”
“我不想睡, 妈妈, ”我回答, 声音小得几乎都听不见, 因为那个甜美的幻想充满我的脑际。小孩子天生入睡快, 我很快闭上了双眼, 转瞬就进入梦乡, 一直睡到我被唤醒为止。朦胧中我常常感到什么人温柔的手抚摸我; 单凭这种抚摸, 我就知道是她, 还在梦中我就不由自主地拉住那只手, 把它紧紧地, 紧紧地按在嘴唇上。所有的人都已经散去; 客厅里只点着一根蜡烛; 妈妈说, 她要亲自唤醒我; 是她坐在我睡的那张椅子的扶手上, 用那温柔得惊人的手抚摸着我的头发, 用我听惯了的、可爱的声音在我耳边说:
“起来, 我的宝贝, 该去睡了。”
没有任何人的嫉妒的眼光会使她拘束。她不怕把她的全部温柔和慈爱倾注到我身上。我合着眼, 但是我又吻了吻她的手。
“起来, 我的天使。”
她用另外一只手托住我的脖子, 她的手指迅速地动着, 使我发痒。房间里一片寂静, 半明半暗; 搔痒使我清醒, 使我的神经兴奋; 妈妈坐在我身边; 她爱抚着我; 我能听到她的声音, 感觉到她的存在。这一切使我跳起来, 双手搂住她的脖颈, 把头依偎在她怀里, 叹息了一声道:
“噢, 亲爱的, 亲爱的妈妈, 我多么爱你呀! ”
她忧愁而迷人地微微一笑, 双手抱住我的头, 吻我的前额, 让我坐在她的膝头上。
“这么说你非常爱我 ”她说, 沉默了片刻, 她随后说: “你要永远爱我, 决不要忘记我。如果妈妈不在了, 你不会忘掉她吧 尼古拉斯, 你不会忘记吧 ”她更加温柔地吻我。
“得了, 别说这种话, 我亲爱的妈妈, 我最亲爱的妈妈! ”我紧紧抓住她的双膝, 大声说道。我泪如泉涌, 这是爱和狂喜的眼泪。
PAGE
22Unit 5 First Aid
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
Here With You于2013年发行, 风靡美国各大音乐榜单, 在billboard占据榜首, 更在2019年成为网络神曲之一。年轻活力在这首歌中尽显无疑, 青春无限的MV和Asher Book阳光帅气的形象相得益彰, 更让这首歌曲成为了许多编舞者的挚爱。
注: 听音填空
Here With You
To all my friends
The night is young
The music’s loud
They playing our song
Nowhere else that I belong
Than here with you. . .
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
Ain’t felt this good since I remember
This night got ①started when
You entered
I hope we can get a little closer
Maybe even get to know your name
I wanna hear the music so loud
Get some drinks inside me
Right now
So baby let it go
You had me at hello
Let’s ②raise our glass and toast
DJ play that once more
To all my friends
The night is young
The music’s loud
They playing our song
③Nowhere else that I belong
Than here with you. . .
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
Gonna see the sun
Before we know it
If you got some money
Time to blow it
Girl, way you got me feeling
So sick
Dancing the night
Away with you, with you, with you yeah
Nobody here is sober
Last call don’t mean it’s over yeah
So baby let it go
You had me at hello
Let’s raise our glass and toast
To all my friends
The night is young
The music’s loud
They playing our song
Nowhere else that I belong
Than here with you. . .
(Than here with you)
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
Than here with you
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
I wanna hear the music so loud yeah
(I wanna hear the music so loud, yeah)
To all my friends
The night is young
The music’s loud
They playing our song
Nowhere else that I belong
Than here with you. . .
(Than here with you)
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
Than here with you
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
1. toast // v. 向……祝酒, 为……干杯
2. let it go 放手吧
译文:
有你相伴
对我所有好友来讲, 夜未央
乐未殇, 他们在我们喜爱的歌声里欢畅
我只想和你在此相伴, 不想去任何其他地方
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
记忆中从未感觉如此美好
你的到来让今夜变得闪亮
希望我们能有更多了解
或许只需要知道你的名字
我希望音乐更疯狂
此刻, 我只想来点美酒
所以, 宝贝, 不要犹豫, 你只需打个招呼我就会跟你走
让我们举杯畅饮
DJ让音乐再次唱响
对我所有好友来讲, 夜未央
乐未殇, 他们在我们喜爱的歌声里欢畅
我只想和你在此相伴, 不想去任何其他地方
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
还未意识到, 太阳就要升起
还有金钱的话, 尽情挥洒掉吧
女孩, 你让我感觉如此疯狂
与你彻夜共舞让我十分满足, 无比满足
今夜让我们一起疯狂
最后的招待并不代表就要结束
所以, 宝贝, 不要犹豫, 你只需打个招呼我就会跟你走
让我们举杯畅饮, 尽情享受
对我所有好友来讲, 夜未央
乐未殇, 他们在我们喜爱的歌声里欢畅
我只想和你在此相伴, 不想去任何其他地方
有你相伴就是天堂
(有你相伴就是天堂)
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
有你相伴就是天堂
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
我想让音乐更大声些
(我想让音乐更疯狂些)
(让音乐更狂野)
对我所有好友来讲, 夜未央
乐未殇, 他们在我们喜爱的歌声里欢畅
我只想和你在此相伴, 不想去任何其他地方
(有你相伴就是天堂)
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
有你相伴就是天堂
Oh oh oh oh oh oh
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