高考英语二轮复习专题课件——情态动词和虚拟语气

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情态动词和虚拟语气
----By Bring English
can, could may, might
will, would shall, should
must, need have to, ought to
can’t, may not mustn’t, needn’t
don’t have to shouldn’t, shan’t
be able to dare
情 态 动 词
1. can, could
表示能力
He can speak English very well.
He could draw very well when he was five.
表示许可
You can use my computer now.
You can’t eat in class.
表示请求
Can you tell me the way to the post office
Could you show me the way to the Beihai Park
表示猜测
Generally, she is a quiet girl. But sometimes she can be talkable.
Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be It can’t be Mr. Zhang. He has gone abroad.
The hunters have been lost for days. They could starve.
表示惊讶
How can she be late for class She is always on time.
2. may, might
请求许可
May I have a look at your new mobile phone
表示可能
The man over there may be your new teacher.
He might come here by train or by air.
3. will, would
表示意愿、倾向
On rainy days, she will sit by the window and watch the rain for hours.
He was poor, but he would dress up as a rich man.
表示请求
Will you please give your seat to the old lady
Would you like to join us for dinner
4. shall
用于第一人称，表示将要
I shall go with you next time.
用于第一人称，表示征求意见
Shall I put the book back on the shelf /
Shall we go out for a walk
用于第二、三人称，表示许诺、义务、规定、威胁
You shall get a new mobile phone if you pass the exam.
Everyone shall wait in line when they buy tickets.
According to the agreement, the interest shall be divided equally among the three investors.
5. should
表示建议（应该）
You should lie down and have a rest.
表示猜测
It's seven o'clock. Mr. Li should be there.
You have practiced a lot. You shouldn't have any trouble in passing the test.
表示惊讶
It's surprising that such a pretty girl should be a thief.
6. must
表示必需
We must finish our work by noon.
表示猜测
There must be something wrong .
表示责怪（偏偏，非得）
Tom, must you play the piano at this time
My car must break down when I was hurrying to work.
7. need
表示需要（否定或疑问句）
You needn't go to school today.
用作实意动词
You don't need to go to school today.
8. have to
表示必需，不得不
You have to finish your work by noon.
9. ought to
表示应该
You ought to hand in your homework before school is over.
10. dare
表示 敢
How dare you say that to your mother
She daren't go out in the dark.
He dared not ask the teacher for help.
用作实意动词
He dares to swim across the river by himself.
Does he dare to swim across the river by himself
He doesn't dare to swim in the river.
注意各种否定式：
1. can't
I can't play any musical instrument.(不能)
It can't be possible. It's so rediculous！(不可能)
2. mustn't
You mustn't smoke in public places.(千万别)
3. may not
That may not be true.(可能不)
4. needn't (没必要)
5. don't have to (没必要)
6. shouldn't (不应该)
情态动词+have done
1. must have done 一定做过某事
2. may/might/could (not) have done
可能(没)做过某事
3. can't have done 不可能做过某事
4. should(not) have done 本(不)应该做某事
5. needn't have done 本没必要做某事
6. ought(not) to have done 本(不)应该做某事
7. would(not) have done 本(不)会做某事
虚拟语气
一. 在条件句中的用法
if 从句动词 主句动词
与现在事实相反 过去时（be用were） would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 过去完成时（had done） would/should/could/might+have done
与将来事实相反 1.过去时（be 用were）
2. should+do
3. were + to do would/should/could/might+动词原形
1. If I were you, I would ask the teacher for advice.
If he knew the truth, he would tell you.
2. If you had come earlier, you would have met the famous star.
She wouldn't have been so angry if you had apologized to her.
3. If it were to snow this evening, they would /should /could/might not go out.
If it should break down within one year, we would repair it at our expense.
If you went there, I would /should/could/might go with you.
需要注意的问题
1. 错综条件句
If you had followed my advice, you would do it better now.
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night.
2. 倒装句（省略if）
Were she older, she would do it.
Should he come, tell him to ring me up.
Had we taken the taxi, we wouldn't have been late for the meeting.
二. 介词短语等代替条件从句
Without air, there would be no living things.
But for your help, we wouldn't have finished the task on time.
三. 根据上下文判定
1. I would have come to your party, but I was too busy last night.
2. I was too busy last night, otherwise I would have come to your party.
3. You were driving too carelessly, otherwise you wouldn't be in hospital now.
四. 在其他从句中的 虚拟语气
1. I wish I had my own company.
I wish I would travel in space some day.
I wish I had known you earlier.
2. I would rather you came here tomorrow.
I would rather I hadn't seen the film.
3. He talks as if he knew everything.
He talks as if he had been to the moon.
4. He suggested/ordered/requested... that... (should) do...
5. It is important/strange/necessary that ... (should) do...
6. It is commanded/suggested/required that... (should) do...
7. The requirement is that... (should) do...
8. We all agreed to the suggestion/request/adviece that...(should) do ...