人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit1 Science and Scientists 课本长难句导学案（含答案）
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选择性必修2 unit1课本长难句导学案
Word formation
1.severe---severely
2.frustrate---frustration---frustrated
3.contradictory---contradiction
4.infect---infection---infectious
5.subscribe---subscription
6.prove---proof
7.multiple---multiply
8.suspect---suspicious
9.intervene---intervention
10.pure---purely---purify
11.transform---transformation
12.initial---initially
13.cast---cast---cast
14.mechanic---mechanical
15.defend---defence
16.assist---assistant---assistance
17.lead---leader---leadership
18.gift---gifted
19.steady---steadily
20.astronomer---astronomy
21.beside---besides
22.vivid---vividly
二.Sentence structure
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:until前面的是主句,until引导的是时间状语从句;a British doctor与John Snow是同位语关系,是从句的主语,从句谓语showed后面是how引导的宾语从句。
[句意翻译]
霍乱曾经是世界上最为可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰.斯诺展示了如何战胜它。
2. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:because引导原因状语从句,从句谓语knew后面的是其宾语how to prevent or treat cholera,它属于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
[句意翻译] 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰.斯诺感到沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
3. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:主句主干是doctors had theories,而to explain…是不定式短语作theories的后置定语,explain后面是how引导的宾语从句。
[句意翻译] 总体上，那时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。
4. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:where all those who died had lived是修饰先行词places的定语从句,而who died也是定语从句,修饰先行词those。
[句意翻译] 斯诺从地图上标记所有死者居住过的确切地方开始（他的工作）。
5. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
【句式分析】本句是一个复合句:主句是“The people were much more likely to get cholera than those”,第一个who引导定语从句,修饰people,第二个who也引导定语从句,修饰those。
[句意翻译] 喝这种水的人比哪些喝纯净水或煮沸过的水的人更有可能得霍乱。
6.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:主句是“He discovered…”第一个that引导宾语从句，so…that…“如此…以至于”引导结果状语从句。
[句意翻译]他发现在两条特殊的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，在十天之内就死了500多人。
7.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:主句是“It seemed…”that引导表语从句，so…that…“如此…以至于”引导结果状语从句，含有“have sb./sth.+done”结构，表示“让某人/某物被…”
[句意翻译]这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都叫人把它送到她家里。
8.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
【句式分析】
本句是一个由and连接的并列句，the threat of cholera around the world作主语saw是谓语，表“经历；目睹”。可以理解为一种拟人的修辞手法使表达既简练又生动。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子中，主语通常是表示时间、地点/心爱之物（如车、船等）的名词，谓语动词常为see, witness, find等。
e.g. The twentieth century saw two world wars.
The National Day of 2019 witnessed so many traffic jams on the express way.
[句意翻译]经过斯诺不懈的努力,自来水公司开始销售纯净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少.
9.However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
【句式分析】本句是一个复合句,主句是“Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation”,属于“主+谓+宾”结构;after引导时间状语从句;because引导原因状语从句,其中that引导realised后的宾语从句。
[句意翻译] 然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要它自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
10. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
【句式分析】本句是一个由and连接的并列句,and前后的两个分句都属于“状+主+谓+宾”结构;其中now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres和the Jet Propulsion Laboratory之间是同位语关系。
[句意翻译] 在20世纪30年代，作为加州理工学院的研究生助理，钱学森帮助开展了火箭推进的重要研究，并且在20世纪40年代，他和其他几个人建立了喷气推进实验室，（而这个实验室）现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。
11. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,其中what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist是what引导的主语从句;was后的部分都是主句的表语部分。
[句意翻译] 然而,使他成为如此杰出且有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣,如音乐和绘画。
12. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,主句是his world became one of abstract thought,属于“主+系+表”结构;since引导的是原因状语从句,其中的which引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a disease。
[句意翻译]
他因患上了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
13. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,主句是“He was willing to say…and to dream…”;句中的两个what都引导名词性从句,分别用作say和dream of的宾语。
[句意翻译] 他愿意说别人不敢说的话,梦想别人不敢梦想的东西。
14.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,主句是“Qian was an extremely well-respected devotion”;定语从句who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion修饰a man,过去分词“Described by…and devotion”作状语。
[句意翻译] 被《钱学森的故事》的作者描述成一个有着“伟大的科学思想和科学精神”，非常爱国而且用努力、成就和奉献来报效他的祖国的人，钱学森是一个非常值得尊敬的人。
活学活用练案
一. Word formation
1.severe ______________________(adv.)
2.beside______________________(adv.)
3.contradictory______________________(n.)
4.astronomer______________________(n.)
5.subscribe______________________(n.)
6.prove______________________(n.)
7.multiple______________________(adv./v.)
8.suspect______________________(adj.)
9.intervene______________________(n.)
10. steady______________________(adv.)
11.transform______________________(n.)
12.initial______________________(adv.)
13. vivid______________________(adv.)
14.mechanic______________________(adj.)
15.defend______________________(n.)
16.gift______________________(adj.)
17.lead____________(n.领导人) __________(n.领导能力)18.assist______________(n.) _____________(n.)
19.pure____________(adv.) _____________(v.) 20.infect______________(n.) ____________(adj.)
21.frustrate____________(n) ____________(adj.) 22.cast___________(过去式)_________(过去分词)
二.Sentence structure
1. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, ___________a British doctor, John Snow, showed _______________ it could be overcome.
2. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated ___________no one knew ____________to prevent or treat cholera.
3.In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain ___cholera spread.
4. Snow began by ______________ (mark) on a map the exact places _____________ all those ___________died had lived.
5. The people __________drank this water were much _________ (likely) to get cholera than those who drank pure or _____________(boil) water.
6.He discovered ________in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was _________severe ______________more than 500 people died in ten days.
7.It seemed _____________ the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it _________________(deliver) to her house every day.
8.Through Snow’s _______________(tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, ____ the threat of cholera around the world _____________(see) a substantial decrease.
9.However, ________________ the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the __________ (decide) to switch his major to aviation _____________ he realised that China needed its own _______________(power) air force to protect and defend the country.
10. As ___________ graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped _______________( conduct) important research into rocket propulsion, __________ in the 1940s, he and several other people _______________( found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s _________________(lead) space-exploration centres.
11. However, _______________ might have made him such an outstanding and __________ (create) scientist was ______________( probable) his strong interest _________ other things, such as music and drawing.
12. _____________he came down ___________a disease _____________ caused him to lose the use of most of his________________( muscle), his world became one of abstract thought.
13. He was willing to say ________________ others were afraid to say, ____________ to dream of __________________others were afraid to dream about.
14._____________(describe) by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man _______“great scientific thought and scientific spirit” _________was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an ___________(extreme) well-respected man.
三.Key phrases in the sentence structure
1.过去，曾经 _______________________ 战胜最令人恐惧的疾病 _______________________
2.沮丧 _______________________ 懂得怎样治疗霍乱 _______________________
3.总体上 _______________________ 两种矛盾的理论 _______________________
4.标记确切地点______________________
5.有可能做… _______________________ 饮用纯净水 _______________________
6.在两条特定的街上___________________ 如此严重以至于 _______________________
7.似乎；好像 _______________________ 让…做… _______________________
8.经过某人不知疲倦的努力_________________________ 大量减少 _______________________
9. 爆发 _______________________ 把某人的专业转换为航空航天____________________
强大的空军 _______________________ 保卫国家 _______________________
10.一位研究生助理___________________ 做重要研究 _______________________
11.一位如此杰出富有创造力的科学家_______________________________________
12.患上一种疾病_____________________ 使某人失去某物 _______________________
13.心甘情愿做… _____________________ 梦想 _______________________
14. 用努力、成就和奉献报效祖国 __________________________________________
一位非常值得尊敬的人 __________________________________________
1.until; how; used to; overcome the most feared disease;
2. because; how； become frustrated; know how to treat cholera
3. how； in general; two contradictory theories
4. marking; where; who mark the exact places
5. who; more likely; boiled; be likely to do…; drink pure water
6. that; so; that in two particular streets; so severe that
7. that; delivered; it seemed/seems that…; have sth done
8. tireless; and; saw; through one’s tireless efforts; a substantial decrease
9. after; decision; because; powerful;
break out; switch one’s major to aviation; powerful air force; defend the country
10. a; conduct/to conduct; and; founded; leading
a graduate assistant; conduct important research;
11. what; probably; creative; in; such an outstanding and creative scientist
12. Since; with; which; muscles; come down with a disease; cause sb. to lose sth.
13. what; and; what; be willing to do…; dream of/about
14. Described; with; who;
serve one’s homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion
an extremely well-respected man
Word formation
1.severe---severely
2.frustrate---frustration---frustrated
3.contradictory---contradiction
4.infect---infection---infectious
5.subscribe---subscription
6.prove---proof
7.multiple---multiply
8.suspect---suspicious
9.intervene---intervention
10.pure---purely---purify
11.transform---transformation
12.initial---initially
13.cast---cast---cast
14.mechanic---mechanical
15.defend---defence
16.assist---assistant---assistance
17.lead---leader---leadership
18.gift---gifted
19.steady---steadily
20.astronomer---astronomy
21.beside---besides
22.vivid---vividly
二.Sentence structure
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:until前面的是主句,until引导的是时间状语从句;a British doctor与John Snow是同位语关系,是从句的主语,从句谓语showed后面是how引导的宾语从句。
[句意翻译]
霍乱曾经是世界上最为可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰.斯诺展示了如何战胜它。
2. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:because引导原因状语从句,从句谓语knew后面的是其宾语how to prevent or treat cholera,它属于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
[句意翻译] 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰.斯诺感到沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
3. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:主句主干是doctors had theories,而to explain…是不定式短语作theories的后置定语,explain后面是how引导的宾语从句。
[句意翻译] 总体上，那时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。
4. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:where all those who died had lived是修饰先行词places的定语从句,而who died也是定语从句,修饰先行词those。
[句意翻译] 斯诺从地图上标记所有死者居住过的确切地方开始（他的工作）。
5. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
【句式分析】本句是一个复合句:主句是“The people were much more likely to get cholera than those”,第一个who引导定语从句,修饰people,第二个who也引导定语从句,修饰those。
[句意翻译] 喝这种水的人比哪些喝纯净水或煮沸过的水的人更有可能得霍乱。
6.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:主句是“He discovered…”第一个that引导宾语从句，so…that…“如此…以至于”引导结果状语从句。
[句意翻译]他发现在两条特殊的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，在十天之内就死了500多人。
7.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句:主句是“It seemed…”that引导表语从句，so…that…“如此…以至于”引导结果状语从句，含有“have sb./sth.+done”结构，表示“让某人/某物被…”
[句意翻译]这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都叫人把它送到她家里。
8.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
【句式分析】
本句是一个由and连接的并列句，the threat of cholera around the world作主语saw是谓语，表“经历；目睹”。可以理解为一种拟人的修辞手法使表达既简练又生动。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子中，主语通常是表示时间、地点/心爱之物（如车、船等）的名词，谓语动词常为see, witness, find等。
e.g. The twentieth century saw two world wars.
The National Day of 2019 witnessed so many traffic jams on the express way.
[句意翻译]经过斯诺不懈的努力,自来水公司开始销售纯净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少.
9.However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
【句式分析】本句是一个复合句,主句是“Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation”,属于“主+谓+宾”结构;after引导时间状语从句;because引导原因状语从句,其中that引导realised后的宾语从句。
[句意翻译] 然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要它自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
10. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
【句式分析】本句是一个由and连接的并列句,and前后的两个分句都属于“状+主+谓+宾”结构;其中now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres和the Jet Propulsion Laboratory之间是同位语关系。
[句意翻译] 在20世纪30年代，作为加州理工学院的研究生助理，钱学森帮助开展了火箭推进的重要研究，并且在20世纪40年代，他和其他几个人建立了喷气推进实验室，（而这个实验室）现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。
11. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,其中what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist是what引导的主语从句;was后的部分都是主句的表语部分。
[句意翻译] 然而,使他成为如此杰出且有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣,如音乐和绘画。
12. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,主句是his world became one of abstract thought,属于“主+系+表”结构;since引导的是原因状语从句,其中的which引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a disease。
[句意翻译]
他因患上了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
13. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,主句是“He was willing to say…and to dream…”;句中的两个what都引导名词性从句,分别用作say和dream of的宾语。
[句意翻译] 他愿意说别人不敢说的话,梦想别人不敢梦想的东西。
14.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
【句式分析】
本句是一个复合句,主句是“Qian was an extremely well-respected devotion”;定语从句who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion修饰a man,过去分词“Described by…and devotion”作状语。
[句意翻译] 被《钱学森的故事》的作者描述成一个有着“伟大的科学思想和科学精神”，非常爱国而且用努力、成就和奉献来报效他的祖国的人，钱学森是一个非常值得尊敬的人。
活学活用练案
一. Word formation
1.severe ______________________(adv.)
2.beside______________________(adv.)
3.contradictory______________________(n.)
4.astronomer______________________(n.)
5.subscribe______________________(n.)
6.prove______________________(n.)
7.multiple______________________(adv./v.)
8.suspect______________________(adj.)
9.intervene______________________(n.)
10. steady______________________(adv.)
11.transform______________________(n.)
12.initial______________________(adv.)
13. vivid______________________(adv.)
14.mechanic______________________(adj.)
15.defend______________________(n.)
16.gift______________________(adj.)
17.lead____________(n.领导人) __________(n.领导能力)18.assist______________(n.) _____________(n.)
19.pure____________(adv.) _____________(v.) 20.infect______________(n.) ____________(adj.)
21.frustrate____________(n) ____________(adj.) 22.cast___________(过去式)_________(过去分词)
二.Sentence structure
1. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, ___________a British doctor, John Snow, showed _______________ it could be overcome.
2. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated ___________no one knew ____________to prevent or treat cholera.
3.In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain ___cholera spread.
4. Snow began by ______________ (mark) on a map the exact places _____________ all those ___________died had lived.
5. The people __________drank this water were much _________ (likely) to get cholera than those who drank pure or _____________(boil) water.
6.He discovered ________in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was _________severe ______________more than 500 people died in ten days.
7.It seemed _____________ the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it _________________(deliver) to her house every day.
8.Through Snow’s _______________(tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, ____ the threat of cholera around the world _____________(see) a substantial decrease.
9.However, ________________ the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the __________ (decide) to switch his major to aviation _____________ he realised that China needed its own _______________(power) air force to protect and defend the country.
10. As ___________ graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped _______________( conduct) important research into rocket propulsion, __________ in the 1940s, he and several other people _______________( found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s _________________(lead) space-exploration centres.
11. However, _______________ might have made him such an outstanding and __________ (create) scientist was ______________( probable) his strong interest _________ other things, such as music and drawing.
12. _____________he came down ___________a disease _____________ caused him to lose the use of most of his________________( muscle), his world became one of abstract thought.
13. He was willing to say ________________ others were afraid to say, ____________ to dream of __________________others were afraid to dream about.
14._____________(describe) by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man _______“great scientific thought and scientific spirit” _________was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an ___________(extreme) well-respected man.
三.Key phrases in the sentence structure
1.过去，曾经 _______________________ 战胜最令人恐惧的疾病 _______________________
2.沮丧 _______________________ 懂得怎样治疗霍乱 _______________________
3.总体上 _______________________ 两种矛盾的理论 _______________________
4.标记确切地点______________________
5.有可能做… _______________________ 饮用纯净水 _______________________
6.在两条特定的街上___________________ 如此严重以至于 _______________________
7.似乎；好像 _______________________ 让…做… _______________________
8.经过某人不知疲倦的努力_________________________ 大量减少 _______________________
9. 爆发 _______________________ 把某人的专业转换为航空航天____________________
强大的空军 _______________________ 保卫国家 _______________________
10.一位研究生助理___________________ 做重要研究 _______________________
11.一位如此杰出富有创造力的科学家_______________________________________
12.患上一种疾病_____________________ 使某人失去某物 _______________________
13.心甘情愿做… _____________________ 梦想 _______________________
14. 用努力、成就和奉献报效祖国 __________________________________________
一位非常值得尊敬的人 __________________________________________
1.until; how; used to; overcome the most feared disease;
2. because; how； become frustrated; know how to treat cholera
3. how； in general; two contradictory theories
4. marking; where; who mark the exact places
5. who; more likely; boiled; be likely to do…; drink pure water
6. that; so; that in two particular streets; so severe that
7. that; delivered; it seemed/seems that…; have sth done
8. tireless; and; saw; through one’s tireless efforts; a substantial decrease
9. after; decision; because; powerful;
break out; switch one’s major to aviation; powerful air force; defend the country
10. a; conduct/to conduct; and; founded; leading
a graduate assistant; conduct important research;
11. what; probably; creative; in; such an outstanding and creative scientist
12. Since; with; which; muscles; come down with a disease; cause sb. to lose sth.
13. what; and; what; be willing to do…; dream of/about
14. Described; with; who;
serve one’s homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion
an extremely well-respected man