专题六【词法】连词（语法聚焦+典例解析＋真题回放+能力拓展）中考英语总复习学案

考 纲 解 读
连词是英语中考的必考点，其考点主要在于其用法与区别。连词的意思相对单纯，词形也没有变化。但是，英语的连词
也有它的特点。从字面上看，英语的连词有单个的连词，有组合的连词，还有成双成对固定搭配使用的连词。从意义上看，少 数英语的连词有几个含义；或者一个中文的含义有几个对应的英语连词。它们之间在意义和用法上的区别，要用心加以区别。
目 标 考 点
1. 并列连词的用法
2. 从属连词的用法
3. 从属连词引导的时间状语从句、原因状语从句和条件状语从句等
4. 某些连词的用法区别
⊙考点一 并列连词
知识聚焦
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只 起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连 词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
1. 并列连词的分类
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句 子。常见的并列连词有：
(1)表并列关系。如 and，both...and，not only...but also，
neither...nor 等。
(2)表选择关系。如 or，either...or 等。 (3)表转折关系。如 but，while 等。
(4)表因果关系。如 for，so 等。
2. 并列连词的用法
(1) 表示平行或者对等关系，常用的有 and，so，not only...but also...，both...and...，neither...nor...等。 如：
Millie and Amy go to the park every week. Millie 和 Amy 每周去公园。
Not only does he love the teachers, but also the tea- chers love him. 他爱老师，老师也爱他。
(2) 表示转折关系，常用的有 but，yet，while 等。如：
I am poor，but I am very happy.
我很贫穷，但是我很愉快。
(3)表示选择关系，常用的有 or，either...or...，not...but... 等。如：
You may go with us，or you may stay at home.
你或者和我们一起去，或者呆在家里。
(4) 表示因果关系，常用的有 for，so 等，此时 for 不 能放在句首。如：
He must sleep, for his room is dark.
他一定睡了，因为房间是暗的。
注意
（1）not only... but also...，neither... nor ...，either... or. not ... but...接主语时，谓语动词按就近原则处理。如：
Not only you but also he has to leave.
不只是你，他也得离开。
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。
Not money but workers are what we need.
我们需要的不是钱，而是工人。
（2）祈使句，+ and/ or +简单句，前面的祈使句表示 条件，后面的简单句表示结果，or 意思为“否则”。如：
Hurry up, and we’ll catch the bus.
快点，我们就能赶上车。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们会晚的。
典例解析
1．Jenny, put on your coat you will catch a cold. ( 河北)
A. but B. and C. or D. so
【解析】句意为：詹妮，把上衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。此 题为句意理解考查题，前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的简单句
表示结果，or 意思为“否则”。故选 C。
2．Work hard，m you may catch up with your classmates soon．（ 重庆）
A．or B．but C．and D．yet
【解析】句意为：努力学习，不久你就可以赶上你的同学 了。这两件事可以理解成是顺序发生的，所以空格处要填表 示顺延关系的并列连词，故选 C。
3. — I would like you to talk about the Great Wall.
— I’m sorry, but Jack I have been there. ( 江苏常州)
A. either；or B. neither；nor
C. both；and D. not only；but also
【解析】句意为：我想要你们谈谈长城。对不起，我和杰克 两个都没去过那儿。此题为信息提示题，由句中 I’m sorry 可
知没去过，故选 B.
⊙考点二 从属连词
知识聚焦
1. 从属并列连词的分类 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有： (1)引导时间状语从句。如 after，before，when，while，
as，until，till，since，as soon as 等。
(2)引导条件状语从句。如 if，unless 等。
(3)引导原因状语从句。如 because，as，since 等。 (4)引导目的状语从句。如 so that，in order that 等。 (5)引导让步状语从句。如 though，although，even if 等。
(6)引导结果状语从句。如 so that，so...that，such...that 等。
(7)引导比较状语从句。如 than，as...as 等。
(8)引导名词从句。如 that，if，whether 等。
2. 从属连词的用法
(1)引导时间状语从句，常用的有：before，after，when，
while，until，since，as soon as 等。如：
I will come to tell you as soon as it comes out.
结果一出来我就来告诉你。
(2) 引导原因状语从句，常用的有：because，as，since。如：
Because it was too late，we took a taxi.
因为天晚了，我们打了一辆出租车。 (3)引导结果状语从句，常用的有：so...that，such...that， so that 等。如：
She was so careless that she forgot to write her name on the paper. 她那么粗心，都忘记在卷子上写名字。
(4) 引导条件状语从句，常用的有：if，unless，as long as 等。如：
We will come here if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天气好的话我们就来这里。 (5) 引导让步状语从句，常用的有：though，although， even if，however 等。如：
We were still working though it was very late.
尽管很晚了，我们仍然在工作。
(6)引导比较状语从句，常用的有：as，than，so/as...as，
more than。如：
This book is more interesting than that one.
这本书比那本更有兴趣。
(7) 引导地点状语从句，常用的有：where，wherever
等。如：
Please stay where you are. 请呆在你现在的地方。
5. 常用连词的用法辨析
（1）while，when 和 as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所 不同。
① 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事， while，when 和 as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间 状语从句。如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I not- iced a police car. 我沿着街道走的时候注意到一辆警车。
②当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。如：
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
③ 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用 的是 as。如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them. 当孩子们年龄更大些的 时候，他们对他们周围的事情就会越来越感兴趣。
④ 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边……一 边……”时，最常用 as。如：
She looked behind from time to time as she went.
他在走的时候还时不时地看看后面。
⑤ 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。如：
It was raining when we arrived.
我们到的时候正在下雨。
⑥ 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常 用 when。如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
约翰到达时我正在做午餐。
（2）as, because，since 和 for
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
① 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用 because。 因此，because 引导的从句往往放在句末。如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
因为下雨我呆在家里。
They hurried on because it was getting dark.
因为天色暗下来了，他们匆匆赶路。
② 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部 分重要，就用 as 或 since。since 比 as 稍微正式一点。 as 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him. 因为她没准备好，我们就没和他一起出发。 Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
因为我没钱，我不能买食物。
③ for 用来补充说明一种理由，其引导的从句不放 在句子的开头。如：
I decided to stop and have lunch—for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭——因为我感到非
常饿。
（3）if 和 whether
两者在表示“是否”时的用法区别如下：
① 引导宾语从句表示“是否”时，两者常可互换。如：
He asked if / whether we wanted a drink.
他问我们是否想喝一杯。
He didn’t tell me if / whether he would come.
他没有告诉我他是否会来。
② 若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用 if (意为“如 果”)。如：
If weather permit, we will go to the park tomorrow.
如果天气好的话，明天我们去公园。
③ 引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用 if 而不用
whether。 如：
I don’t care if it doesn’t rain. 我不在乎天是否下雨。
通常用 whether 的场合
① 引导表语从句时。 如：
The question is whether we should go on with the work. 问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工作。
② 引导宾语从句且放在句首时。如： Whether he is single I don’t know. 他是否单身，我不知道。
③ 引导让步状语从句时。如：
Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.
不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。
④ 用于不定式之前时。如：
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
我真是哭笑不得。
⑤ 用于介词之后时。 如：
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
这取决于信是否来得及时。
⑥直接与 or not 连用时。如：
I will write to you whether or not I can come.
我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。
（4）so...that 和 such...that
① so...that 中的 so 是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或 副词，而 such.. .that 中的 such 是个形容词，后接名 词或名词短语。如：
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.
他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
He is so good that everybody loves and respects him.
= he is so good a doctor that everybody loves and re- spects him. = he is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.
他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他
② 如果在名词之前有 many，much，little，few 时，用
so，不用 such。如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. 他受到的教育很少，以至于不能找到工作。
He has had so many falls that he is black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。
（5）either...or...，neither...nor 和 not only...but also... 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分，当它们 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语 变化。如：
Either Mary or Rose is coming.
不是玛丽来，就是罗斯来。
Neither I nor she speaks French.
我不会讲法语，她也不会讲法语。
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.
不只是你，她也必须参加会议。
（6）although 和 but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。如：我们不 能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he
works as hard as others.
（7）because 和 so 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。如：我们不 能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doc- tor.”这个句子应改为 Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.
be very happy,（ 山东莱芜）
A．If B．Until C．Unless D．Before
6．You have to leave now you can catch the early bus．( 山东潍坊)
A．so that B．as soon as
C．because D．if
7. We won’t start the meeting our teacher
典例解析
arrives（.
天津）
1. Several days has passed the air （空难）
happened.（ 四川巴中）
A. since B. after C. as
【解析】句意为：自空难发生以来，几天过去了。此题为句 意理解题和对完成时的考查，since 常用于完成时。故选 A。
2．— Hurry up! The bus is coming.
— Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street the traffic lights are green.（ 浙江宁波）
A. until B. after C. while D. since
【解析】句意为：快点儿！公交车来了。等一会。绿灯亮 了才能过马路。not...until...意为“直到……才……”。B、C 和 D 项均不合题意，故选 A。
3. it’s difficult to make her dream come true，
she never gives up. ( 河南)
A. Though B. Unless C. Because D. If
【解析】句意为：尽管把梦想变成现实很困难，但她从没放 弃过。此题为句意理解考查题，是由 though 引导的让步状语 从句，故选 A。
真题回放
1. Stop smoking, you will get better soon.
（ 浙江东阳）
A. and B. or C. but D. after
2. Money is very important it’s not the most important thing.（ 江西）
A. or B. and C. so D. but
3. Jane, please turn off the lights you leave the classroom.（ 重庆）
A. after B. before C. until D. but
4. they are twin brothers, they don’t look like each other. ( 江苏宿迁)
A. Though B. Since
C. However D. When
5．— I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week.
— Really he comes, my younger sister will
A. though B. until C. while D. or
8. — Shall we go for a picnic this Saturday
— All right. it rains. ( 江苏淮安) A. If B. When C. Unless D. Until
9. — Could we play football in your playground, Sir
— No, you have the principal’s note.
( 江苏扬州) A. if B. unless C. because D. since
10. — May I go to the concert with you
— I’m afraid not you have a ticket, because
I have only one. ( 贵州铜仁)
A. since B. if C. unless D. though
11. — Emma failed her exams. I think she should work harder.
— I agree. she does, she’ll get good grades. ( 湖北襄樊)
A. If B. Because C. Before D. Though
12. Money is important, it can’t buy everything.（ 上海）
A. for B. but C. or D. so
13. You should go over your test paper you hand it in.（ 浙江衢州）
A. before B. though
C. because D. as soon as
14. This is the school I studied three years ago. ( 山东菏泽)
A. where B. when C. that D. which
15. we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy.（ 杭州）
A. Unless B. Until
C.Though D. Whether
能力拓展
1. Mike did something wrong, the headmaster is talking with him.
A. so B. but C. and D. or
2. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school.
A. when B. since
C. as soon as D. whether
3. Mike is good at playing basketball Bruce does well in football.
A. when B. until C. since D. while
4. You’d better do it your mother did.
A. when B. as C. like D. because
5. Stop cutting trees, the earth will become worse and worse.
A. and B. but C. or D. then
6. Do you want to stay at home go shopping with us
A. and B. but C. or D. so
7. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning.
A. while B. when C. as D. so
8. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top.
A. so；as B. so；that C. as；as D. too；to
9. Mr Brown knows little Japanese, he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.
A. so B. or C. but D. for
10. — What is writing brush, do you know
— It’s used writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by
11. my mother my sister watches football games these days.
A. Either；nor B. Both；and
C. Neither；nor D. Neither；or
12. Mr Smith is an English teacher will teach us
English next term.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
13. our football team failed in the match, we did our best.
A. Though B. But C. Because D. As
14. I’m sorry, I can’t help you with your homework.
A. and B. but C. or D. then
15. This coat will not lose colour it’s washed.
A. until B. till C. before D. after
16. I think we should get this computer, it will take up more space.
A. but B. although C. and D. so
17. He failed because he isn’t clever
because he didn't work hard.
A. not only；but also B. both；and
C. either；or D. not；but
18. Gray didn’t recognize his old classmate he was told her name.
A. when B. unless C. so D. until
19. I was about to leave the office the telephone rang.
A. when B. after C. before D. while
20. A lot of new buildings have been put up in our university. It is no longer the same it used to be. A. like what B. that
C. as D. what
21. He is a scientist, a singer as well.
A. but B. nor C. or D. and
22. John fell asleep he was listening to the music.
A. after B. before
C. while D. as soon as
23. I may live in a hotel in a friend’s house.
A. both；and B. either；or
C. neither；nor D. between；and
24. It was very late, the students still went on repairing their desks and chairs.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
25. China isn’t rich now, we’re working hard to make her richer and richer.
A. Though；but B. Though；/
C. Both；and D. Because；so
26. — You’d better remember what I said yesterday,
others will laugh at you.
— Sure. I’ll do it you told me. A. or；as B. and；as
C. or；after D. and；after
27. Though we students have money
time, we try out best to help them.
A. both；and B. neither；nor
C. either；or D. not；but
28. I won’t believe you I see it with my own eyes.
A. if B. when C. until D. while
29. I must finish the work I go home.
A. before B. when C. until D. if
30. all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once
A. As soon as B. After
C. Now that D. When
专题六 连词
【真题回放】
1~5 ADBAA 6~10 ABCBC 11~15 ABAAA
【能力拓展】
1~5 ABD BC 6~10 CBBAC 11~15 CBABD
16~20 BDDAC 21~25 DCBDB 26~30 ABCAC
中
中
中