专题七【词法】形容词和副词（语法聚焦+典例解析＋真题回放+能力拓展）中考英语总复习学案

考 纲 解 读
形容词和副词在中考词汇考查中占有相当大的比例。中考英语常常通过单项选择题和完形填空题进行考查。主要考
查：①同义近义形容词辨异 ②形容词与副词在构词、形式和意义方面的辨析 ③特殊句型中形容词的用法④根据句意或语境 针对画线部分选择意义相近的形容词 ⑤过去分词、现在分词用作形容词与普通形容词的用法辨析。在复习过程中掌握形容 词、副词的用法，特别注意部分形容词与副词同形的词，同义近义形容词、副词在意义、使用范围等方面的差别。
目 标 考 点
1. 形容词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化
2. 一些形容词和副词的辨析
3. 形容词和副词之间的转化
4. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法
5. 形容词和副词在句中的位置和区别
6. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的一些句式
⊙考点一 形容词的基本用法
知识聚焦
1. 形容词的用法 形容词修饰名词，说明人或事物的性质、特征或状 态。形容词在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（1）作定语。如：
It is a beautiful city. 这是一个美丽的城市。
That film is nothing amusing.
那个电影没什么意思。
（2）作表语。如：
This little dog is lovely. 这小狗很可爱。
I am glad to see you here. 很高兴在这儿看见你。
The teacher seems unhappy.
这位老师似乎不高兴。
（3）作宾语补足语。如：
The TV play made her moved.
这部电视剧令她非常感动。
They always left the door open when they were out.
他们外出的时候，总是不关门。
（4）某些形容词前加定冠词 the，表示一类人或事 物，相当于名词，可作主语或宾语。如：
the old 老人 the young 年轻人
the sick 病人 the healthy 健康人
the blind 盲人 the deaf 聋子
the dead 死者 the wounded 伤员
the good 优点 the bad 缺点
the unknown 未知之事
the impossible 不可能的事
2. 形容词的位置
（1）形容词作定语修饰名词，一般情况下都放在名 词前。但修饰不定代词时，要放在它们后面，也称 后置定语。如：
Something strange happened in this house last night.
昨夜这所房子里发生了奇怪的事情。 There’s nothing serious with the boy. 这孩子没有什么要紧的毛病。
Is there anything important in today’s newspaper
今天报上有重要消息吗
（2）形容词与数量词或词组连用时，要放在后面。如：
The road is about metres wide.
这条路大约宽 50 米。
The new building is twenty-five storeys high.
这座新楼有 25 层高。
Her two-year-old daughter is lovely.
她的 2 岁的女儿非常可爱。
（3）形容词或词组作状语使用时，可放在句首、句 中或句尾。如：
Cold and hungry, the old man kept working at the work. 又冷又饿，那位老人坚持在工地干活。
（1）“It’s + + of + sb +不定式”表示“某人（做某 事）怎么样”。 这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容 词，如 good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），
The young man rushed into that room, angry and
polit（e 有礼貌的），cleve（r
聪明的），foolish（愚蠢的），
wrathful. 那个年轻人极度愤怒地冲进了那屋子。
carefu（l
细心的），careles（s
粗心的），righ（t
正确的），
（4）形容词之后有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容 词要后置。如：
Is it a question easy to answer
这是一个很容易回答的问题吗 This is the student worth of praise.
这是个值得表扬的学生。
3. 形容词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为:
限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数
wrong（错误的）等。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真好。
It’s very rude of her to say such words. 她说这样的话真粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。
（2）“It’s + + for + sb + 不定式”表示“做某事对 某人来说怎么样”。
这一句型中常用的形容词有 important（重要的），
necessary（必要的），difficult（困难的），easy（容易
词）→描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色）→
的），hard（艰难的），dangerou（s
危险的），safe（安全
出处→材料性质→类别→名词。如：
的），usefu（l
有益的），pleasan（t
舒适的），interesting
a big round table 一张大圆桌
（有趣的），impossibl（e
不可能的）等。如：
a tall blue building 一幢高大的蓝色建筑物
a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣
a famous American medical school
一个非常著名的美国医学院
4. 形容词作系动词的表语?
（1）表示“转变为某状态”的系动词：go，get，grow，
come，become，fall，make，turn，wear。如：
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.
对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. 对于学生来说认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。
It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.
对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。
（3）表示感情或情绪的形容词，如 glad（高兴的），
It suddenly became(got) dark. 天突然暗了下来。 The boy fell asleep in his mother’s arms. 那个孩子在他妈妈的怀里睡着了。
Her face turned(went) red when she heard the word.
当她听到此话时，脸变得通红。
pleased（高兴的），sad（忧伤的），thankfu（l
常接不定式。如：
Glad to see you. 见到你非常高兴。
I’m very sad to hear the bad news.
听到这个不好的消息，我非常难过。
感激的）等
（2）表示“保持某状态”的系动词：keep，remain，stay，
lie，hold，continue。如：
It is going to stay hot for the next few days.
天气还要继续热些日子。
One should remain friendly to others.
人应该保持对他人友好。
They tried their best to keep alive in the forest.
他们在那片森林里尽一切努力保持生命。
（3）表示感觉的系动词：feel，look，smell，sound，seem，
taste，know，appear。如：
She looked very upset. 她看起来很不安。
This piece of music sounds beautiful.
这一段儿音乐听起来很优美。
The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来很鲜美。
5. 形容词常用句型
（4）表示能力和意志的形容词，如 ready（乐意的；有
准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一 定）等常接不定式。如：
Lei Feng is always ready to help others.
雷锋总是乐于助人。
He is sure to get to school on time.
他一定会按时到校。
典例解析
1. — How was your weekend？
— It was ．I had lots of fun．（ 吉林）
A．terrible B．tiring C．bad D．wonderful
【解析】考查形容词意义的辨析。A．terrible（可怕的）；B．
tiring（疲劳，疲倦的）；C．bad（糟糕的）；D．wonderful（精彩
的）。从下句 I had lots of fun．的提示可看出，应选 D。
2. — Would you like some coffee
— No, thanks. I drink coffee. Coffee is bad for my stomach.（ 四川宜宾）
A. almost B. already C. hardly D. still.
【解析】考查副词意义的辨析。由 Coffee is bad for my stomach（. 咖啡对我的胃有害。）可知（I 我）几乎不喝咖啡。故
选 C。
3．— May I have another cake
— You’d better not．You shouldn’t go swimming on a stomach．（ 湖北武汉）
A．hot B．hungry C．fat D．full
【解析】根据科学常识，进行剧烈运动时不能吃得过饱，否 则对身体有害。A 项 ho（t 热的，辣的）；B 项 hungry（饥饿的）； C 项 fa（t 胖的，油腻的），只有 D 项 a full stomach（吃得太饱）
符合句意。故选 D。
⊙考点二 副词的基本用法
知识聚焦
1. 副词的分类 方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite
地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home， 时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，
never 否定副词：no，not，neither，nor 疑问副词：where，how，why
2. 副词的用法
(1) 用作状语。如：
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。
I often get up at six in the morning.
我经常是在早晨 6 点钟起床。
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.
他昨天回家了。
(2) 用作表语。如：
I’ll be back in five minutes. 我五分钟就回来。
I must be off now. 我现在得走了。
Is the radio on or off
收音机是开着的还是关着的？
(3) 用作宾语。如：
It’s hot in here. 这里面很热。
It’s not far from here. 从这儿去不远。
I’ll stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。
(4) 用作宾语补足语。如：
Please ask him in, please. 请叫他进来。
I’m pleased to see you back.
看到你回来了我很高兴。
(5) 用作定语。如：
Is there anything on tonight 今晚有什么活动吗
The people there were very friendly.
那儿的人很友好。
3. 副词在句中的位置
(1) 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带 有宾语，则放在宾语之后。如：
We should listen to our teachers carefully.
我们应该认真听老师讲课。
She speaks English well. 她英语讲得很好。
(2) 频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情 态动词，助动词和 be 动词之后。如：
He usually gets up early. 他总是早起。
I’ve never heard him singing.
我从没听到过她唱歌。
She is seldom ill. 她有时生病。 (3)程度副词一般放在所修饰形容词和副词的前面， 但 enough 作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。如：
It is a rather difficult job. 它是一个相当难的工作。
He runs very fast. 他跑得非常快。
He didn’t work hard enough. 他工作不够努力。
典例解析
1. As we all know, smoking is bad for us, for children.（ 浙江衢州）
A. especially B. recently
C. probably D. nearly
【解析】考查疑问副词的区别。由句意“吸烟对我们有害” 可知对孩子也有害。 A 项 especially“尤其地；特别地”，最符 合题意，故选 A。
2. If you want to know what a word means，you can look it up in a dictionary．（ 广东佛山）
A．exactly B．mostly C．carefully
【解析】根据题干的意思我们可以知道，查词典的目的是 想更加确切地了解一个单词的意思，那么空格中要填意思为"
确切地"副词。所给选项中，A 项 exactly"准确地；确切地"；B 项 mostly"大体上地；主要地"；C 项 carefully"仔细地；认真地"； 故选 A。
3．— are you going this summer holiday
— To Beijing．（ 北京）
A．When B．Where C．How D．Why
【解析】考查疑问副词的用法与区别。答语为地点，应用
where。故选 B。
4．The Internet is very useful for us. We can
find information. ( 河北)
A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly
【解析】考查形容词和副词的区别。句意为：因特网对我 们很有用。我们能很容易找到信息。句中 find 是副词，必须 由副词修饰，再根据句意可知项 easily“容易地；简单地”符合 题意，故选 B。
⊙考点三 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法
知识聚焦
1. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
(1) 一般在词尾直接加-er 或-est。如：
tall→taller→tallest long→longer→longest
(2) 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r
或-st。如：
nice→nicer-nicest large→larger→ largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
(3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，把 y 变为 i，再加-er
或-est。如：
heavy→heavier→heaviest
(4) 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个 辅音字母，再加-er 或-est。如：
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter →fattest
(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加 more 构成比较级和 most 构成最高级。如： slowly→more slowly→most slowly
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
不规则变化 good/well→better→best many/much→more→most， bad/badly/ill→worse→worst far→farther/further→farthest/furthest old→older/elder→oldest/eldest little→less→least
2. 比较级的用法
(1) 比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级+ than +...” 构成，表示在两者中一方比另一方“更加……”。如：
Mary is happier than Jane. 玛丽比珍妮幸福。
He lives more happily than I. 他过得比我幸福。
(2) than 前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：
She’s taller than her husband. 她比丈夫高。
Sound travels faster through water than through air.
声音穿过水的速度比穿过空气要快。
(3) 比较级前还可用 much，even，still，a little 等词语 来修饰，表示“……得多；甚至……；更……；……一 些”等意思。如：
She is much more beautiful than I have thought.
她比我想象的更漂亮。
Japan is a little larger than Germany.
日本比德国大一点儿。
Tom looks even younger than before.
汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
She drives still more carefully than her husband.
她开车比她丈夫还认真。
(4) 用“...times + 形容词的比较级 + than...”句式表 示倍数。如：
Our room is twice larger than theirs.
我们的房间比他们的大两倍。
(5) 隐含比较级，有时比较级并不一定出现 than，这 时通过上下文可暗示出。如：
Are you feeling better now
你现在感觉好些了吗？
3. 最高级的用法
(1) 最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较。如： Who works hardest, Tom,John or Mike 谁学习最努力，汤姆，约翰还是迈克？
Of all of the teachers, he is the youngest.
所有老师中他最年轻。
(2) 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高 级前没有定冠词 the。如：
He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。
(3) 可以用原级、比较级和最高级三种形式来表示 最高级的意思。如：
She is the best student in her class.
She is better than any other student in her class. No other student in her class is better than she. No other student in her class is as good as she.
她是她班里最好的学生。
典例解析
1．The air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago．（ 年北京） A．clean B．cleaner
C．cleanest D．the cleanest
【解析】考点为单音节形容词的比较级，应在词尾直接加- er。故选 B。
2．— I am getting each month．I can’t put on my jeans．
— I’m afraid you have to take exercise every day．
（ 河南）
A．heavy B．heavier
C．the heavier D．the heaviest
【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。这里是从时间上的递 增而引起对体重变化的比较。所以用比较级，故选 B。
真题回放
1. Julia is very clever．In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ．（ 江苏苏州）
A．a high B．a higher
C．the higher D．the highest
2. Our monitor takes more exercise every day, for he believes he does, he’ll be.
（ 海南三亚）
A. the less；the stronger B. the more；the thinner C. the more；the stronger
D. more；stronger
3. Though his grandmother lives _, she never feels .（ 江苏无锡）
A. alone；alone B. lonely；lonely
C. alone；lonely D. lonely；alone
4. — Did you find the small village yesterday
— Yes, without any difficulty, for it has
changed over years（. 安徽）
A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly
5. — It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.
— Right. That’s what she likes to do .
（ 安徽）
A. more B. less C. most D. least
6. I can be a nurse．I’m not a very patient person．（ 江苏苏州）
A．seldom B．ever C．never D．always
7．m all the students in his class, Xiao Ming writes .（ 海南三亚）
A. Of；most carefully B. In；the most carefully
C. Of；very carefully D. In；much more carefully
8. Many Chinese students think science subjects are
foreign languages. ( 甘肃兰州) A. more difficult as B. less difficult than C. much difficult than D. so difficult as
9. I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with
money and people. ( 江苏常州)
A. less；less B. less；more
C. more；fewer D. less；fewer
10. The boy doesn’t speak his sister, but his written work is very good. ( 广州)
A. as well as B. so good as
C. more better than D. more worse than
11. — What do you think of the cake ?
— I like it very much. It tastes . ??
( 湖南娄底) A. good B. terrible C. well
12. The Internet is very useful for us. We can
find information. ( 河北)
A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly
13. — What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s
Crazy English
— I think it’s , but someone thinks it’s much too .（ 四川眉山）
A. wonderful enough；bored
B. enough wonderful；boring
C. wonderful enough；boring
D. enough wonderful；bored
14. — Look at that model ship.
— I know, but it looks like a real one. It’s just
.（ 江西）
A. small B. very small
C. smaller D. smallest
15. — Which province is the one in winter
— It should be Hainan Province, I think.
( 湖北荆州) A. coldest B. hotter C. warmest D. cooler
16. — What is your favourite sport
— Swimming, I think. It’s of all.
( 桂林市) A. easier B. more difficult
C. the most interesting D. the most boring
17. — Excuse me, sir. The shoes are a bit small for me
— Don’t worry. I’ll change them for a size. ( 河南)
A. smaller B. smallest C. larger D. largest
18. My uncle has gone to Singapore. He will be
in a week.（ 山西）
A. out B. off C. back
19. Which is the way to Qingdao, by plane, bus or train ( 山东菏泽)
A. good B. well C. better D. best
20. Listening is just as as speaking in language learning.（ 上海）
A. important B. more important
C. most important D. the most important
21. — Which colour do you like , blue or green
— Blue. ( 北京)
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
22. — Peter looks sporty.
— Yes. He is the runner in my class.
( 江苏盐城) A. slower B. slowest C. faster D. fastest
23. — Did you love your day trip
— Yes, we enjoyed the roller coaster of all. ( 江苏南京)
A. most B. little C. more D. less
24. — Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more

— Sorry! I thought you would follow me.
( 湖北十堰) A. slowly B. politely C. seriously D. clearly
25. — Did you have a wonderful time at the party
— Yes, it’s one I’ve ever been to before. ( 湖北十堰)
A. a more excited B. a more exciting
C. the most excited D. the most exciting
26. Taking buses in Beijing is than taking a taxi. ( 吉林通化)
A. more cheap B. much cheaper
C. a little cheap D. cheaper
27. I think the blue skirt looks better on you than the red one. ( 山东聊城)
A. quite B. more C. much D. very
28. Some students spend time on the Internet.
They forget to study, eat and sleep. They can’t even communicate with people in real life.
（ 山东临沂）
A. too many B. many too
C. too much D. much too
29. — I’m going to a job interview. I feel a little
.
— Take it easy. Listening to music can help you relax.（ 山西）
A. comfortable
B. nervous C. excited
30. I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs. But she says,“One is never old to learn.” ( 河南)
A. too B. so C. very D. quite
31. It is to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly.（ 山西）
A. helpful B. more helpful
C. the most helpful
32. I ride a bike to school. But this morning I
took a taxi because I got up late. ( 山东菏泽) A. never B. sometimes
C. seldom D. usually
33. Is this a photo of your daughter She looks
in the pink dress!（ 上海）
A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily
34. I was so tired that I could walk any farther.
（ 天津）
A.nearly B.hardlyC.reallyD.studeenly
35. — Hi, Ella, which is the street in your city
— High Street. Many people go shopping there.
（ 浙江温州）
A. busier B. quieter C. busiest D. quietest
能力拓展
1. This box is that one.
A. heavy than B. so heavy than
C. heavier as D. as heavy as
2. When we speak to people, we should be .
A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly
C. as politely as possibleD. as politely as possibly
3. This book is that one, but than that one.
A. as difficult as；expensive
B. as more difficult as；more expensive
C. as difficult as；more expensive
D. more difficult as；as expensive
4. I think the story is not so as that one.
A. interesting B. interested
C. more interesting D. most interesting
5. His father began to work he was 7 years old.
A. as old as B. as early as
C. since D. while
6. I think science is than Japanese.
A. much important B. important
C. much more importantD. more much important
7. This pencil is than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
8. It was very hot yesterday, but it is today.
A. even hotter B. more hotter
C. much more hot D. much hot
9. Mrs. Black has got instead of getting any better.
A. more bad B. a little worse
C. much badly D. a lot of worse
10. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with students.
A. quite a few B. only a few
C. few D. a few quite
11. The house is small for a family of six.
A. much too B. too much
C. very much D. so
12. Through the window we can see nothing but
buildings.
A. tall very many B. very many tall
C. very tall many D. many very tall
13. The jacket was so that he decided to buy it.
A. much B. little C. expensiveD. cheap
14. Our classroom is larger than theirs.
A. more B. quite C. very D. much
15. The earth is about as the moon.
A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big
C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big
16. Your room is mine.
A. twice as large than B. twice the same size of
C. bigger twice than D. twice as large as
17. Your room is than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big
C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
18. I have never seen her sister .
A. ago B. before C. often D. sometimes
19. — do you go swimming
— Once a week.
A. How often B. How long
C. How fast D. How soon
20. It’s we last met.
A. some time B. sometime
C. sometimes D. some times
21. Mary sings , but her sister sings much
.
A. well；well B. better；better
C. well；better D. better；well
22. If you’re in Spain, do come and see me.
A. ever B. never C. once D. nearly
23. He knows about it than you do.
A. even little B. even less
C. more little D. more less
24. You should speak and listen .
A. little；less B. less；much
C. less；more D. more；little
35. Soon we found that he liked the girl .
A. good and better B. well and better
C. well and well D. better and better
26. The children looked at the broken model plane and felt quite .
A. sad；sad B. sadly；sadly
C. sad；sadly D. sadly；sad
27. — This book is more useful for us students.
— Yes, but it is too difficult.
A. quite, quite B. much, much
C. rather, quite D. quite, much
28. Mr Smith is too busy now. Could you wait for a moment
A. very B. fairly C. rather D. quite
29. He doesn’t sing that night as he usually does.
A. so well B. so better
C. more better D. so best
30. He says that he likes this idea.
A. very B. much C. quite D. well
31. Jim works , but his brother works.
A. hard；hard B. hardly；hardly
C. hard；hardly D. hardly；hard
32. Jack writes than he did before.
A. much carefully B. more careful
C. much more carefully
D. much careful
33. no one believed what he said.
A. Nearly B. Almost C. Most D. Most of
34．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.
A. more B. a little C. many D. few
35．Peter writes of the three.
A. better B. best C. good D. well
36．He is enough to carry the heavy box.
A. stronger B. much stronger
C. strong D. the strongest
37．I bought exercise-books with money.
A. a few；a few B. a few；a little
C. a little；a few D. a little；a little
38．The box is heavy for the girl carry.
A. too；to B. to；too C. so；that D. no；to
39．The ice in the lake is about one meter _.
It’s strong enough to skate on.
A. long B. high C. thick D. wide
40．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
41. Jone looks so today because she has got an
“A”in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
42. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was
with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
43. — Mum, could you buy me a dress like this
— Certainly, we can buy one than this, but
this.
A. a better；better than
B. a worse；as good as
C. a cheaper；as good as
D. a more important；good as
44. — This digital camera is really cheap!
— The the better. I’m short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper
C. expensive D. more expensive
45. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
46. Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
47. English people use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually
C. often D. sometimes
48. — One more satellite was sent up into space in
China in May.
— Right. The government spoke that. A. highly for B. high of
C. well of D. highly of
49. — Remember this, children. careful you are, mistakes you will make.
— We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more；the more
B. The fewer；the more C. The more；the fewer D. The less；the less
50. I have to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
专题七 形容词和副词
【真题回放】
1~5 ABCAC 6~10 CABDA 11~15 ABCCC
16~20 CCCDA 21~25 BDAAD 26~30 BCCBA
31~35 BDABC
【能力拓展】
1~5 DACAB 6~10 CCABA 11~15 ADDDB
16~20 DCBAA 21~25 CABCD 26~30 DBCAC
31~35 CCBDB 36~40 CBACB 41~45 ABCBA
46~50 CADCB
中
中
中
中