专题十一【词法】动词的语态（语法聚焦+典例解析＋真题回放+能力拓展）中考英语总复习学案

考 纲 解 读
被动语态是初中英语中一个重要的语法项目，也是中考英语的一个考查热点。其考查的重点主要是各种时态的被动语
态、情态动词的被动语态、主动语态变被动语态的步骤和被动语态的特殊形式等。题型多为填空题、单项选择、改错和完形填空。
目 标 考 点
1. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
2. 被动语态的特殊形式
3. 被动语态的使用
⊙考点一 被动语态的用法
知识聚焦
1. 被动语态的概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英 语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动 作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：
Mike stole Toms bike. 迈克偷了汤姆的自行车。（Mike 是动作的执行者） Tom’s bike is stolen by Mike. 汤姆的自行车被迈克
偷了。（Tom’s bike 是动作的承受着）
2. 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词 be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构 成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现 出来的。部分时态的被动结构形式如下：
（1）一般现在时：am/is/are ＋过去分词
（2）一般过去时：was/were ＋过去分词
（3）一般将来时：will/shall be ＋过去分词
（4）过去将来时 would be ＋过去分词
（5）现在进行时：am/is/are being ＋过去分词
（6）过去进行时：was/were being ＋过去分词
（7）现在完成时：have/has been ＋过去分词
（8）过去完成时：had been + 过去分词
3. 被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
This bridge was founded in
这座桥竣工于 1981 年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：
The glass was broken by Mike.
玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.
你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
4. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构“be ＋过去分词”，根据被 动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语 态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语， 将主格改为宾格。如：
All the people laughed at him. 所有的人都笑他。
→He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.
他们在工厂制造自行车。
→The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。
→A tree was cut down by him.
注意
双宾语直接宾语（物）作主语，动词后要用介词 to 或 for。如：
He gave me some money. 他给了我一些钱。
→ I was given some money by him./ Some money was give to me by him.
介词不能丢。变被动时，不及物动词后跟的介词（或副词）不 能丢掉。 如：
We are looking for a book on Asia.
我们正在找一本关于亚洲的书。
→ A book on Asia is being looked for by us.
还原 to。 hear / see / make sb do sth 等变被动时，须把 to
加上。如：
She made me stand in front of the door.
她让我站在门前。
→ I was made to stand in front of the door by her.
典例解析
1. The road last year.（ 北京）
A. builds B. built
C. was built D. is built
【解析】 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者用被动语 态。句中时间状语 last year 表示过去的时间，应用一般过去 时，故选 C。
2．— How often your school sports meeting

— Once a year．（ 江苏南通） A．does；hold B．was；hold C．is；held D．did；hold
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。How often 询问时
间频率，为一般情况。故选 C。
⊙考点二 被动语态的时态
知识聚焦
初中英语中出现了部分时态的被动语态及带有情态 动词的被动语态。
1. 一般现在时
构成：助动词 be + 动词的过去分词 This kind of bike is made in Japan. 这种自行车是日本造的。
English is spoken in many countries.
许多国家讲英语。
2. 一般过去时
构成：助动词 was/were + 动词的过去分词
The bridge was built in 2008.
这座桥是 2008 年建造的。
Was this novel written by his father
这部小说是他父亲写的吗？
3. 一般将来时
构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词 These books are going to be posted tomorrow. 这些书明天将被邮发出去。
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
这个婴儿在医院被照料得很好。
4. 现在完成时
构成：助动词 have/has + been + 动词的过去分词 Has his work been finished 他的工作完成了吗？ We haven’t been invited to the party. 我们没有被邀请去参加聚会。
5. 现在进行时
构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词
A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
我家乡正在建一座新桥。
The problem is being discussed by the students.
这个问题正被学生们讨论。
6. 带有情态动词的被动语态
构成：情态动词 + be +过去分词
Can this walkman be repaired here
这个随身听能在这儿修理吗？
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
你的作文明天必须交上来。
典例解析
1．Tomorrow there’s a programme about our school on
TV，then it by millions of people．
（ 辽宁沈阳）
A．will see B．saw
C．will be seen D．was seen
【解析】句中 Tomorrow 和 then 提示时间在将来，应用一 般将来时的被动语态。故选 C。
2. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he
to the hospital．（ 北京） A．takes B．is taken C．took D．was taken
【解析】句中 looked after 提示时间在过去，应用一般过
去时的被动语态。故选 D。
3．The flowers every day，or they’ll die．
（ 年天津）
A．must water B．can be watered
C．should water D．must be watered
【解析】查情态动词的被动语态。由句中 or they’ll di（e 不 然它们会死掉）可以断定用 mus（t 必须）。故选 D。
真题回放
1. My e-mail to you last night. Have you received it _ （ 四川巴中）
A. sent；yet B. is sent；already
C. was sent；yet
2. — Are you going to the party
— No, because I .（ 安徽）
A. have asked B. haven’t asked
C. have been asked D. haven’t been asked
3. — John, you can’t go out to play until your home work .
— OK, Mum. ( 福建龙岩)
A. finishes B. has finished C. is finished
4. — It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
— I think a bridge over the river.
（ 四川眉山）
A. should be built B. is being built
C. has been built D. was built
5. I to take part in the English speech contest last week.（ 四川省宜宾）
A. ask B. asked C. am aske D. was asked
6. — Can you tell me how to make apple juice
— Sure. Please watch carefully and you will see how it .（ 江西）
A. is made B. is makingC. makes D. will make
7. We will fly a kite as soon as your homework . ( 江苏宿迁)
A. finishes B. will be finished
C. has finished D. is finished
8. — Long time no see!
— I’ve just returned I to Zhengzhou for a meeting last month. ( 河南)
A. am sent B. was sent
C. am sending D. was sending
9. Every year lots of trees to make our country more beautiful.（ 山东莱芜）
A. is planted B. was planted
C. are planted D. were planted
10. Last month a new law in China to stop people from smoking in public places.
( 江苏盐城)
A. is passed B. passes
C. had passed D. was passed
11. — Can you sing this English song
— Of course, I can. It many times on the radio. ( 江苏南京)
A. taught B. has taught
C. is taught D. has been taught
12. Students are to speak loudly in the reading room. ( 吉林通化)
A. told B. supposed
C. not supposed D. allowed
13. — May we leave the classroom now
— No, you . You to leave until the bell rings.（ 四川自贡）
A. must；are allowed
B. can’t；aren’t supposed
C. needn’t；aren’t allowed
14. — Why is the classroom so dirty
— Sorry, sir. It yesterday. We forgot to do it.
（ 浙江宁波）
A. doesn’t clean B. didn’t clean
C. isn’t cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
15. Attention, please. The flight has to be
because of the heavy rain.（ 浙江东阳）
A. put on B. put off C. put away D. put up
能力拓展
1. A new school these days.
A. is building B. is built
C. well build D. is being built
2. The new computers to the village school as present last month.
A. are given B. given
C. were given D. gave
3. The question by us soon.
A. is going to discuss
B. will discuss
C. is going to be discussed
D. has been discussed
4. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he .
A. must look after B. must be taken care
C. must be looked after D. must take care of
5. All the new words up in the dictionary yet.
A. have looked B. haven’t looked
C. have been looked D. haven’t been looked
6. There was no room for you. All the seats .
A. are taken B. was taken
C. had taken D. had been taken
7. A model ship his son by Mr More.
A. was made for B. was made to
C. made for D. makes for
8. — Dad, please open the door, it .
— OK, dear. I am coming.
A. was locked B. locks
C. is locked D. locked
9. — Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon
— Yes. Every student about it.
A.told B. has told C.was told D.tells
10. My father has given up smoking since he _on.
A. will operate B. will be operated
C. operated D. was operated
11. The librarian told me that the book for two weeks.
A. can be borrowed B. can be kept
C. could be borrowed D. could be kept
12. Your shoes . You’d better come to get them in half an hour.
A. are mending B. have mended
C. are being mended D. have been mended
13. Cotton in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown
C. grows D. grow
14. So far, the moon by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited
C. has been visited D. was visited
15. A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done
C. has been done D. will be done
16. — When this kind of computers
— Last year.
A. did；use B. was；used
C. is；used D. are；used
17. Mary show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B. was asked to
C. is asked D. asks to
18. The monkey was seen off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
19. Older people well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after
C. must look after D. looked after
20. Great changes in China since the People’s
Republic of China in
A. have taken place；was founded
B. has taken place；was founded
C. have been taken place；founded
D. took place；founded
21. —Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy
—She has by her classmates. A. laughed B. laughed at
C. been laughed D. been laughed at
22. It whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided
23. I can’t use my bike because it .
A. is repairing B. is being repaired
C. will repair D. was repairing
24．— The window is dirty.
— I know. It for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
25. The children be to go to the movies with friends on Friday nights.
A. Should；allow B. Should；allowed
C. Must；allow D. Must；allowed
专题十一 动词的语态
【真题回放】
1~5 CDCAD 6~10 ADBCD 11~15 DCBDB
【能力拓展】
1~5 BCCCD 6~10 DACCD 11~15 DCACB
16~20 BBDBA 21~25 DABDB
中
中