专题四【词法】数词(语法聚焦+典例解析+真题回放+能力拓展)中考英语总复习学案

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名称 专题四【词法】数词(语法聚焦+典例解析+真题回放+能力拓展)中考英语总复习学案
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考 纲 解 读
数词是英语中的一种重要词汇,数的表达与日常生活密切相关。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词。近几年中考关于
数词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:(1)考查基数词的编号(2)考查基数词的写法(3)考查 hundred,thousand,million,billion 后加-s 的情况(4)考查基数词与序数词的转化情况(5)考查基数词与副词的情况。 一般以单项填空,单词拼写等题型进行数 词方面的考查。
目 标 考 点
1. 基数词和序数词的区别及用法。
2. 以下几种表达:年、月、日、年代;几年级、几班、几行、几排;几十几,几百几十几,上百的……上千的,……几分之几、时 间、页码、房间、门牌、电话号码。
⊙考点一 基数词
知识聚焦
数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示数目的词称 为基数词。
1. 基数词的构成
(1) 从 1—10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten (2) 从 11—19
eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,
seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.
这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen 为 特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen 都
是由其个位数形式后加后缀-teen 构成。
(3) 从 21—99
整数几十中除 twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty 为特 殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety 都是其个位数形式
后加后缀-ty 构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位 基数词之间加连字符“-”。如:
→twenty-one →seventy-six
(4) 百位数
个数基数词形式加 hundred,表示几百,在几十几与 百位间加上 and。如:
→a hundred and one
→three hundred and twenty
→six hundred and forty-eight (5) 千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号
“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand, 第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”
前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,
两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
, → two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
, , →sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
, , , →five billion,two hundred and
thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,
two hundred and thirty-four
(6) 基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、 百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确 切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则 以复数形式出现。如:
There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the
Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes.
他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
(7) 表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形 式表示。 如:
He became a professor in his thirties.
他三十多岁时成为了教授。
She died of lung cancer in forties. 她四十来岁时死于肺癌。
It was in the s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。
2. 基数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。如: The two happily opened the box. 两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)
I need three altogether. 我总共需要三个。(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside. 四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)
We are sixteen.我们是 16 个人。(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset. 他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)
典例解析
1.— Which class won the match in the end
— I’m not quite sure. Perhaps did.
( 山东聊城) A. Class Third B. Third Class
C. Class Three D. Three Class
【解析】表示班级、门牌等编号时用基数词,基数词应放在 所表示的对象的后面,两者的首字母都必须大写。故选 C。
2. Because of Project Hope, children have better lives. ( 天津)
A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousand of D. thousands of
【解析】“基数词的复数形式+of+名词”表示“数以…… 计 的;成……的”,表示一个大概的数字,如:hundreds of 成百上 千的;数以百计的。故选 D。
⊙考点二 序数词
知识聚焦
表示顺序的词称为序数词。
1. 序数词的构成
(1) 从第一至第十九 其中,first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基 数词后面添加-th 构成。如:
six→sixth nineteen→nineteenth。 (2) 从第二十至第九十九 整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改结尾字母 y 为 i,再加-eth 构成。如:
twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth 表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字 符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:
thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六
seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 (3) 一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth
第一千三百二十
2. 序数词的缩写形式
有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。 如:
first→ st second→ nd third→ rd fourth→ th
sixth→ th twentieth→ th twenty-third→ rd
其中 st, nd, rd 为特殊形式,其它的都是在阿拉 伯数字后加-th。
3. 序数词的句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。如: The second is what I really need. 第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语) He choose the second.他挑选了第二个。(作宾语) We are to carry out the first plan. 我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语)
She is the second in our class. 在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)
注意
序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前 出现不定冠词 a 或 an 时,则表示 再一;又一 。如:
We’ll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。
We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?
另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的 名词之后即可,不需添加定冠词。如:
the first lesson→Lesson One
the fifth page→Page (five)
the twenty-first room→Room 21(twenty-one)
其中 st,nd,rd 为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字。
典例解析
1.— Here we are. Where does your cousin live, Tom ( 江苏淮安)
— Oh, he lives on the floor.
A. two B. twice C. second D. twos
【解析】考查序数词的拼写和用法。由题意“汤姆的堂兄 住在第二层”可知应用序数词,序数词用来表示顺序,其前应 有定冠词 the,故选 C。
2.Monday is day of a week.( 湖南湘潭)
A.second B.two C.the second
【解析】句意为:星期一是一周的第二天。此题既考查序 数词也考查文化常识。根据西方人的习惯,星期一是一周的 第二天。序数词前应该加定冠词。故选 C。
⊙考点三 数词的应用
知识聚焦
1. 时刻表示法
(1) 表示整点用基数词加 o’clock。如:
5:00 读作 five o’clock 或 five
(2) 表示几点过几分,在分钟后加 past,再加小时。如:
five past seven 七点过五分
half past six 六点半
a quarter past eight 八点过一刻
seven past eight 八点过七分
(3) 表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加 to,再加小时。如:
ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)
twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分) 在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。 以 小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。如:
6:31 读作 six thirty-one
10:26 读作 ten twenty-six
14:03 读作 fourteen o three
16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen
18:30 读作 eighteen thirty
23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five
2. 年代表示法
(1) 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪 century 表 示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加’s 表示。如:
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪
the ’s 二十世纪 the ’s 十七世纪 注意
这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多 一个世纪。
(2) 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式 构成。 如:
in the ’(s in the thirties of the twentieth century/
in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代
in the ’(s in the sixties of the 19th century/ in the eighteen sixties)在十九世纪六十年代
3. 年月日表示法
(1) 年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时 可以以 hundred 为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单 位分别来读。如:
读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine / nine- teen forty-nine
读作 eighteen hundred
读作 two hundred and fifty-three/ two fifty-three
读作 nineteen hundred and two/ nineteen o two (2) 月份,在哪个月用介词 in 加第一个字母大写的 月份词表示。如:in May 在五月;in July 在七月。 为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写 形式表示。缩写形式除 May,June,July 外,其它的 月份都由其前三个字母表示,但 September 除外。 (3) 日期用定冠词 the 加序数词表示。在哪一天要 添加介词 on。如:
National Day is on Oct. 国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October first) May 五月五日(读作 May fifth)
Mar. (st)三月一日(读作 March first/ the first of
March)
4. 加减乘除表示法
(1)“加”用 plus,and 或 add 表示;“等于”用 is,make,
equal 等词表示。如:
Two plus three is five. /Two and three is equal to five. /Two and three make five. /Two added to three
equals five./ If we add two to/and three, we get five.二
加三等于五。
(2)“减”用 minus 表示。如:
— How much is ten minus six 十减去六是多少?
— Ten minus six is four.十减去六等于四。
the sixth( th)century 公元六世纪
(3“)
乘”用 time(s
动词)表示。如:
How much is three times four /Three times four is/
are twelve.三乘以四等于十二。
(4)“除”用 divided 表示。如:
Sixteen divided by four is four./ Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。
5. 分数表示法
(1)分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数 词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是 1 以外,其 它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。如:
→one third/ a third
→three fourths/ three quarters
(2) 当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于
1,名词用复数;小于 1,名词用单数。如:
hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)
meters 二又四分之三米(读作 two and three-fo- urths meters)
meter 五分之四米
C.Two fifth;is D.Two fifths;are
2. — Which class won the match in the end
— I’m not quite sure. Perhaps did.
( 山东聊城)
A.Class Third B.Third Class
C.Class Three D.Three Class
3. — Have you seen the CCTV news on TV
— Yes, children had a good festival on the
Children’s Day.( 四川自贡)
A. millions of;sixty
B. ten millions;sixtieth
C. millions of;sixtieth
4. girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded.( 广西定西)
A. Million of B. Many million of
C. One million of D. Millions of
5. I think of the materials I listened to at the
inch 六分之五英寸
beginning of the exam easy(.
甘肃兰州)
典例解析
1. The number of the students in our school is about nine . of them are boys.
( 贵州铜仁)
A. hundred;Two thirds B. hundred;Two third
C. hundreds;Two thirds D. hundreds;Two third
【解析】句意为:我校学生的数量大约是九百人。他们中 三分之二的学生是男生。 句中 nine 是基数词,hundred 要用 原形;表示分数时分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于 1, 分母加 s,故选 A。
2. About of the workers in the factory were born in the .( 甘肃兰州)
A. two-thirds, B. two-thirds, 1970s
C. two-third, D. two-third, 1970s
【解析】句意为:这个工厂大约 2/3 的工人出生在 20 世 纪 70 年代。英语中分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数 词,分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。in the 1970s 意为“20 世 纪 70 年代”,是固定用法。故选 B。
真题回放
1. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.( 江苏苏州)
A.Two fifths;is B.Two fifth;are
A. three fourths;is B. third four;are
C. three fourths;are D. three fourth;are
6. — Do you know the boy is sitting next to Peter
— Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his
birthday.( 四川眉山)
A. who;ninth B. that;nineth
C. /;nineth D. which;ninth
7. Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a try. ( 黑龙江绥化)
A. third B. fourth C. fifth
8. I got a good present on my birthday.
( 四川宜宾)
A. nine B. ninth C. the nine D. the ninth
9. I got a beautiful bike on birthday. I like it very much.( 重庆)
A. fifteenth B. fifteen
C. my fifteen D. my fifteenth
10. — We'll be back for our school’s
anniversary ceremony.
— I see. That means you’ll have a get-together with your classmates in years.
( 湖北黄冈)
A. fifteen;seven B. fifteenth;seven
C. fifteen;seventh D. fifteenth;seventh
能力拓展
1. Lincoln was born on .
A. February , B. ,February
C. , February D. February ,
2. A boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old B. ten years old
C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old
3. An hour later, minister was sent to see the
“magic cloth”woven by those two men. A. two B. the second
C. the two D. second
4. Abraham Lincoln was President of the
United States.
A. B. the C. th D. the th
5. Do you think there is any room for us
A. two B. the two C. second D. the second
6. — How many students are there in your class
— .
A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two
C. Forty-five D. Fifties
7. — Which number is wrong
— .
A. Ninety B. Ninteen
C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
8. The number , is read .
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
9. The old man still works hard though he is .
A. in his sixty B. in his sixties
C. in sixties D. in the sixty
10. Our school is not very big. There are only
students.
A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred
C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of
11. Most of the stars are much more bigger than the sun. But they are light years away from us.
A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousand of D. thousands of
12. of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
A. First third B. Two thirds
C. One three D. Two three
13. There are people in my family. We live on the floor in a tall building.
A. five;six B. fifth;sixth
C. fifth;six D. five;sixth
14. Boys and girls, we are going to learn today.
A. Four Lesson B. the fourth lesson
C. the Lesson Four D. the Four Lesson
15. February should be read as .
A. February of the th B. February of
C. of February D. the th of February
16. — How soon will you finish your work
— In about .
A. one and a half month B. one month and a half C. one and half a month D. a month and half
17. Their house is about as big as ours.
A. times three B. three time
C. time three D. three times
18. This building is for a .
A. family of three B. three people
C. three peoples family D. three people’s family
19. There are in a day.
A. hours B. hours
C. clocks D. clocks
20. Look at the table. Tom wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and an ice-cream. How much will he pay Hamburger Orange juice
Hot dog Coffee Ice-cream Water Popcorn Large coke A. Three dollars and sixty cents.
B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents. C. Five dollars and sixty cents.
D. Two dollars.
专题四 数词
【真题回放】
1~5 ACCDC 6~10 ACBDB
【能力拓展】
1~5ACBDA 6~10 CBAAB
11~15 DBDBD 16~20 BDAAC