专题八【词法】情态动词(语法聚焦+典例解析+真题回放+能力拓展)中考英语总复习学案

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名称 专题八【词法】情态动词(语法聚焦+典例解析+真题回放+能力拓展)中考英语总复习学案
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考 纲 解 读
情态动词是初中英语的一个重点,对相当一部分考生来说是一个难点。中考英语常常通过听力、单选和完形填空等题
型来考察情态动词。而听力部分中涉及到情态动词考点时,只有凭借平时形成的语感去判断做题。单项选择和完形填空两 种题型要根据情态动词的用法和意境来做题。中考题目多涉及情态动词的基本意义、表示推测和可能以及由情态动词引导
的一般疑问句的回答。
目 标 考 点
1. can 表能力和许可
2. need 做情态动词和实义动词的用法区别
3. have to,be able to 的各种时态
4. 情态动词表示推测
5. 含情态动词一般疑问句的回答
⊙考点一 情态动词的基本用法
知识聚焦
1. 情态动词的概述 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,
只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。如:
We can be there on time tomorrow.
我们明天能按时到那儿。
May I have your name 我能知道你的名字吗?
Shall we begin now 我们现在就开始吗?
You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。
2. 情态动词的位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前 若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,情态动 词则在主语之前。如:
I can see e here. 我能看见你,过来吧。
He must have been away. 他一定走了。
What can I do for you 你要什么?
How dare you treat us like that! 你怎能那样对待我们!
3. 情态动词的特点
情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动 词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去
式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。如:
He could be here soon. 他很快就来。
We can’t carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。
I’m sorry I can’t help you. 对不起,我帮不上你。
4. 情态动词的用法
(1) can (could)“能;可以;同意;准许”,以及客观条 件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。如:
Can you pass me the books 你能给我递一下书吗 What can you do 你能干点什么呢
Can you be sure 你有把握吗
can 和 could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态, 将来时态用 be able to 来表示。如:
He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher’s help, I shall be able to speak Eng- lish correctly. 由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。 (2) may (might)“可以”,表示说话人同意,许可或
请求对方许可。如:
You may take the book home. 你可以把书带回家去. May I come in 我可以进来吗
May I use your dictionary 我可以用你的词典吗 You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服。
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
might 是 may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示 过去式,一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉,客 气或对可能性的怀疑。如:
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now. 我可以借点钱吗 He might be alive. 他可能还活着。
(3) must“必须”,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,
命令或要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用于一般现在时和一般将来时,过去式可用
have to 的过去式代替。如:
I must finish my work today.
我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn’t work all the time. 你不能老是工作。
After such a long walk, you must be tired.
走了这么长的路,你一定困了。
He must be the man I am looking for.
他一定是我要找的人。
He had to go because of somebody’s calling him that
这一周你不必交论文。
I need a bike to go to school.
我上学需要一辆自行车。
Do you need a dictionary 你需要词典吗 She needs a necklace. 她需要一条项链。
needn’t + have + 过去分词表示过去做了没必要做 的事情。如:
You needn’t have taken it seriously.
这件事情你不必太认真。
(5) dare“敢”,多用在否定句或疑问句中。如:
The little girl dare not speak in public.
这个小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。
Dare you catch the little cat 你敢抓小猫吗
dare 除用作情态动词外, 更多的是当实义动词使 用,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称、单复数、时 态等。如:
Do you dare to walk in the dark 你敢黑夜走路吗?
He doesn’t dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。
day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。
(6) ough“t
应当;应该”,后面跟带 to 的动词不定式。如:
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推 测。如:
He must have told my parents about it.
他一定把这件事情告诉我父母了。
He must have received my letter now.
他现在一定收到我的信了。
It’s six o’clock already, we must have been late ag- ain.已经六点钟了,我们一定又要迟到了。
must 和 have to 的区别:
must 表示说话人的主观思想,have to 表示客观需 要。如:
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽车, 你应该读这些书。
You ought to bring the child here.
你应该把孩子带来。
ought to + have done 指过去的动作,表示一件事情 该做而未做。如:
You ought to have been here yesterday.
你昨天就应该来。
ought not to have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做 了。如:
You ought not to have taken the book out of the read- ing-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。
I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
(7) will (would“)
将要”,would 为 will 的过去式,可
回答 must 的 提问: 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ must.
否定回答:
No, 主语+ needn’t./No, 主语+ don’t/doesn’t have to. (4) need“需要”,作情态动词, 其用法完全和其他
情态动词一样,need 多用在疑问句或否定句。 但
need 还可作实义动词,这时 need 就象其他动词一 样,有第三人称单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特
性。如:
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow
我需要明天参加会议吗
You need not hand in the paper this week.
用于各种人称。如:
I’ll do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽全力赶上他们。
I’ll never do it again, that’s the last time. 我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。 He said he would help me.他说他会帮助我。
will,would 用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请 求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转客气。如:
It’s hot. Will you open the windows
天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗 Will you help me to work it out
你能帮我解这道题吗
Would you like some coffee 给你来点咖啡怎样? (8) shall,should 表示“命令;警告;允诺;征求;劝告; 建议;惊奇等”。如:
You should hand in the exercise book.
你应该交作业本了。
This should be no problem. 这应该没问题。 Shall we go now 我们现在可以走了吗 Why should I meet him 为什么我要见他
典例解析
1. — Dean, I hear you’ve got a set of Canadian stamps.
I have a look ( 山东聊城)
— Of course. I’ll fetch them for you.
A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need
【解析】句意为:Dean,我听说你收到了一套加拿大邮票。 我能看一看吗?向对方委婉提出请求用 may。故选 A。
2. — Must I finish my homework at school
— No, you . You can do it at home.
( 陕西)
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【解析】 句意为:我必须在学校完成家庭作业吗?不,你
不必。你可以在家里做。回答由 must 引导的一般疑问句,其 否定回答要用:No, 主语+ needn’t。故选 C。
3.Cars,buses and bikes stop when the traffic light is red .( 北京)
A.can B.must C.may D.need
【解析】句意为:小汽车、公交车和自行车在交通灯变红
时都必须停下来。考查情态动词的意义。根据常识和句意此 处应选 B 项(必须)。故选 B。
⊙考点二 情态动词表示推测的用法
知识聚焦
情态动词表示推测时,要根据肯定、否定或疑问的 不同句式选用不同的情态动词;还要注意根据句意 和时态来选择适当的推测形式。
1. 情态动词表示推测的几种形式
(1)“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在或将来的情 况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。如:
I don’t know where she is. She may be in Wuhan.
我不知道她在哪里,她可能在武汉。
(2)“情态动词+现在进行时”表示对现在或将来正
在进行的情况进行推测。如:
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时,我们老师一定在批改试卷。
(3)“情态动词+完成时”表示对过去情况的推测。如:
We would have finished this work by the end of next
December. 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
路是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
(4)“情态动词+现在完成进行时”表示对过去正在 发生事情的推测。如:
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
2. 情态动词表示不同推测时的用法
(1) 表示肯定的推测时,must,can/could,may/might 这几个情态动词都可以使用,其中 must 的把握性 最大 ,意 为“一定 ;肯 定”,can 表示“很可 能”,could 意为“可能”,may 表示“也许;可能”,might 的语气
最弱,表示“或许;大概”。如:
He must be at home. 他肯定在家。(非常可能)
He can be at home. 他很可能在家。(很可能)
He could be at home. 他可能在家。(可能)
He may be at home. 他可能在家。(仅仅可能) He might be at home. 他或许在家。(或许) (2) 表示否定的推测可以用 can/could not,may/might not。其中 can’t 的语气最强。如:
It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。(语气很肯定)
It may not be true. 这可能不是真的。
It might not be true. 这或许不是真的。
在疑问句中表推测一般只用 can/could。如:
Who can it be 可能是谁呢?
Could the news be true 这个消息可能是真的吗?
典例解析
1. — Look at that girl! Is it Susan
— No, it be her. She has gone back to her hometown.( 湖北武汉)
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
【解析】考查情态动词的否定推测。由答句“她已经返回
家乡了”,说明 Susan 不在说话现场;再加上 A、C、D 三项不用 于否定推测。故选 B。
2. You be tired after playing sports for a long time without a rest.( 四川巴中)
A. must B. need C. can’t
【解析】 考查情态动词的肯定推测。此句是句意理解和 信息提示题。由句意“长时间做运动而不休息”可知必定很 累,故选 A。
真题回放
1. — Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon
— Yes, you . ( 河北)
A. must B. can C. may D. need
2. — Must I be in hospital for a week,Doctor ?
— No,you _. You can go back home tomorrow.
( 湖南娄底)
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C. must ?
3. It’s the library! So you know shouting is not allowed here.( 江苏南京)
A. can B. must C. need D. may
4. Boys and girls . don’t forget your report. It
today. ( 浙江衢州)
A. can’t finish B. can’t be finished
C. should finish D. should be finished
5. — Must I finish my homework at school
— .You can do it at home and hand it in next week. ( 湖南长沙)
A. Yes,you must B. No,you needn’t
C. Yes,I can
6. — Is the man over there Mr. Brown
— It be him. He’s much shorter.
( 浙江湖州)
A.must B.can’t C.needn’t D.may
7. — your American friend eat with chopsticks
— Yes, but he can’t use them well.( 山西)
A. Can B. Should C. Must
8. Teachers think students needn’t do so much homework, but they make their students do a lot in the past.
( 湖北黄石)
A. have to B. must C. had to D. Should
9. — Can I take the magazines out
— No, sir. They out of the reading-room.
It’s a rule.( 黑龙江鸡西)
A. needn’t be taken B. can’t take
C. mustn’t be taken
10. — Can I wear any cothes I like to school
— No, you can’t .You wear a uniform.
( 天津)
A. might B. must C. will D. would
11. You smoke. You are only and it isn’t allowed.( 湖北荆门)
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to
C. needn’t D. won’t
12. They play football last Friday because
Simon forgot to bring his football here.
( 江苏镇江)
A. could B. couldn’t C. can’t D. can
13. — I don’t care what my teachers think.
— Well,you .( 江苏苏州)
A.could B.would C.should D.might
14. — May we leave the classroom now
— No, you . You to leave until the bell rings.( 甘肃兰州)
A. mustn’t;are allowed
B. don’t have to;are supposed
C. needn’t;aren’t allowed
D. can’t;aren’t supposed
15. — I have a ticket , please
— Sorry, sir. All the tickets were sold out ten minutes ago.( 江苏连云港)
A. May B. Need C. Must D. Should
16. — Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening
— No, it be her. She to Japan. ( 山东潍坊)
A. mustn’t;has gone B. mustn’t;has been
C. an’t;has gone D. can’t;has been
17. — I use your ruler, Lingling
— Sure. Here you are.( 广西桂林)
A. May B. Would C. Need D. Must
18. — This pair of shoes belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.
— It be his. It’s too large for him.
( 贵州铜仁)
A. can;can’t B. may;needn’t
C. must;mustn’t D. must;can’t
19. — Where’s Jeff
— I’m not sure. He be playing football on the playground.( 湖北十堰)
A. need B. might C. must D. can
20. I’m feeling much better now so you call the doctor.( 浙江杭州)
A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t
C. can’t D. needn’t
能力拓展
1. — Must I finish my homework today
— No, you .
A. can’t B. needn’t. C. mustn’t. D. may not
2. — I speak to Mary
— Mary Speaking.
A. Must B. Need C. May D. Shall
3. This math problem is too hard. Nobody do it.
A. may notB. may C. can’t D. can
4. — Can you speak Japanese
— No,I _.
A. can‘t B. mustn’t C. may not D. needn’t
5. You stop when the lights are red.
A. may B. can C. should D. must
6. You play football in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. wouldn’t
7. He be at home, because the light in his room is on.
A. must B. can C. should D. might
8. — Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon
— I’d love to. But I’m afraid I . I have too much work to do.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. — Can you go fishing with me this afternoon
— Sorry, I can’t. I stay at home and look after my mother. Because she is ill.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
10. — I come in
— Yes, you .
A. May;can B. Must;needn’t
C. must;must D. May;may
11. you pass me a pen I’d like to write down the telephone number.
A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should
12. If you teach me English I will speak it well.
A. can B. may C. must D. be able to
13. It’s still early. You .
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry
C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
14. — May I stop here
— No, you _.
A. mustn’t B. might not
C. needn’t D. won’t
15. — Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you .
A. might B. will C. can D. should
16. Michael be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
17. You be more careful next time.
A. have to B. may C. must D. might
18. You miss the lesson, though we have it on Thursday.
A. mustn’t;needn’t B. needn’t;mustn’t
C. mustn’t;mustn’t D. needn’t;needn’t
19. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose
it be
A. must B. may C. would D. can
20. What kinds of homes will we live in the future
Nobody be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will B. may C. can D. must
21. I like to know where you were born.
A. shall B. should C. must D. may
22. you be happy!
A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May
23. A teacher do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
24. The matter be changed into a gas, but it
be heated to its boiling point. A. may;needn’t B. may;can C. mustn’t;needn’t D. can;must
25. — Do you think his story true
— I don’think so. But it sounds good.
A. must beB. may be C. can be D. has to be
26. — How long the book be kept
— For two weeks, but you return it on time. A. can;may B. may;need
C. can;must D. must;need
27. — There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.
— Really It be a fire, most probably. A. can B. ought to C. may D. must
28. — Shall I tell John about the bad news
— No, you . I think that will make him sad. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
29. — Could I call you by your first name
— Yes, you .
A. will B. could C. may D. might
30. — Let’s go to the cinema, we
— OK.
A. can B. must
C. would D. shall
专题八 情态动词
【真题回放】
1~5 ABBDB 6~10 BACCB
 11~15ABCDA 16~20 CADBD
【能力拓展】
1~5 BCDAD 6~10 CAADD
11~15 BDDAC 16~20 BCADC
21~25 CDBDC 26~30 CBDCD